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Index

altruism, 117-118 Anabaptist social theOl)" 8 Andreoni, James, 117-118 Anglican Church. SEE Church of

England apartheid, 92 Aristotle, economic philosophy of, 13,

18-19,158-159 - and Mishnah, 14, 16-17 Association(s) of Christian

Economists, 102

Bassau, David, 110 Becker, Gary, I II Bellah, Robert, 74 Berkeley, George, 53, 54-55, 56-57 Birnie, E., III Blaug, Mark, 35 Bockmuehl, K., 103 Boff, Clodovis, 72-73 - critique of Catholic functionalist

approach, 75-77 - on theology and social science,

73-74 Boff, Leonard, 72-73 - critique of Catholic functionalist

approach, 75-77 Bonino, Jose Miguez, 72, 73-74 Brennan, H. Geoffrey, 36 Brockett, J., 107 Buchanan, James, 159, 160

business and management behaviour, 90-92,149

Butler (bishop of Church of England), 55

Cain and Abel (biblical story), 27-28 Calvin, John, 136 - social imperatives of, 85 Calvin Center for Christian

Scholarship (CCCS) - on business behaviour, 91 - on welfare reform, 95 capital, human, 120 capital, social, 119,120-121 capitalism - Church of England critique of,

104-105 - Ellacuria's view on, 81-82 - evangelical critique of, 104 - liberation theology's views on,

77-78, 155-\56 - Lutheran Church critique of, 105 - Montes' views on, 80 - theologians' misunderstanding of,

155-156 Carson, D., 103 Catherwood, Frederick, 103 Catholic Social Teaching. SEE Papal

Social Teaching Centesimus Annus (John Paul II.

1991),7,146-147

198 Index

- on consumerism, 48--49 - on historical context, 38 - influence of on Kuyperian social

teaching, 88 - on labour relations, 39 - on markets, 44, 45 - on private property, 46 - on relations of economics and

theology, 37-38 ~n sociocultural change, 47 Centre for Public Justice, 94-95 Chalmers, Thomas, 53, 58 Charles, Rodger, 37 Chicago Declaration of Evangelical

Social Concern (1973), 101 Christian Reformed Church - activities of in America, 86-87 Christian Social Congress of the

Netherlands (1891), 87 Christian Social Union (England), 58 Christian Socialism (Church of

England), 58-59 Church and State, relations of - after Protestant reformation, 51-53 - in evangelical Christian thought,

106-108 - in Kuyperian social theory, 85-86 Church of England, 51--{i7 - and Christian socialism, 58-59 - criticizes capitalism, 104-105 - on education, 55-56, 57 - Establishment culture of, 53, 59-60 - Establishment social theory of,

63-67 - and political economy, 54-63 - socioeconomic theory of, 7, 63--{i7,

135-136 Church of Scotland, 52-53 Church of Sweden (Lutheran), 52, 53 - SEE A LSD Lutheran Church

(American) Church Socialist League (England),

58 churches, Established, 51 - SEE ALSO Church of England;

Church of Scotland; Church of Sweden

Churchill, Winston - on free-markets, 159

class in Papal Social Teaching, 40 Coase, Ronald, 142 Cobb, John B., Jr., 88 Comblin, Jose, 77 common good, the, 82-83 - human readiness to contribute to,

116-118 - as rationale for special interests,

115-116 Compassion International, 110 competition, 145 Conference of Latin American

Bishops - Second (Medellin, 1968), 70 - Third (Puebla, 1979), 70 confessional community, 86 Congress on the Church's Worldwide

Mission (1966), 10 I Congress on World Evangelization

(Lausanne, 1974), 101 consumerism, 48 - in Papal Social Teaching, 47--49 consumption, 172 - moral purpose of, 48--49 consumption theory, 96 Copleston, Edward, 53, 57, 59 corruption and national income levels,

119 Cramp, A., III

David, Douglas D., 118 de Lange, Harry, 91-92 - on environment policy, 94 de Tocqueville, Alexis, 160 Dean, James, on creation of normative

social theory, 175-176 Demant, V.A., 61 dependency theory applied to Latin

America, 72, 125, 177 dialectical analysis in liberation

theology, 71-72, 75-76 Diehl, W., 107 Divini Redernptoris (Pius XI. 1937),

on markets, 44--45 Dow, Sheila, on creation of normative

social theory, 177-178 Dutch Reformed Church, neo­

Calvinist revival in, 8

economics, 17 - distributive: in Calvinist social

teaching, 87; food in, 21; money in, 17; in Priestly Code of Judaism, 19

- and environment, 91,94, 104, 126, 137

- market, 21, 138; in Calvinist social teaching, 87; in Christian political economy, 57

- misunderstood by theologians, 125, 132,154-156,171-173,177,178, 179-180

- neoclassical, 146; critiques of, 38-39, 125-126; defined, 153-154; and efficiency, 119; ethical agendas of, 115; separability of science and theology in, 127-128; theological reactions to, 34, 124-125; welfare policy in, 93

- paradigm(s): Austrian, 142; New Institutionalist, 142

- as scholarly pursuit: emergence of in Britain, 60; history of, 6-7

- utilitarian, 1 10-112 - value-laden nature of, 4, 124, 130,

167-168 economics and ethics, 124-125 - in evangelical Christianity, 143 - in neoclassical thought, 115 - in Papal Social Teaching, 37, 65 economy, 141 - social role of, 16-17 education - in Anglican social thinking, 55-56,

57 - as outcome of social capital,

120-121 El Salvador - production modes in, 78-80 Ellacuria, Ignacio, 148 - on the common good, 82-83 - and New World Order, 80-83 Elzinga, Kenneth, on creation of

normative social theory, 178-179 encyclicals, papal, 4, 7, 33-50 environment - in Kuyperian social teaching, 94

Index 199

- and stewardship, 143 - SEE A LSO economics and

environment Episcopal Church, 105 Erickson, L., 105-106 Established Churches (Protestant), 51.

SEE Church of England; Church of Scotland; Church of Sweden

ethics and economics. SEE economics and ethics

Evangelical Aid and Relief Fund, 110 evangelical Christianity, 99-11'.2 - agendas of, 100-103, I 12, 115 - anti-secular policy of, 8 - on foreign aid, 109-110, 144 - normative social theory of, 102-1 10,

124 - on sin in economic behaviour,

106-107, 143 - and social sciences, 102 - on stewardship, 143 Evangelical Lutheran Church

socioeconomic theory, 105

fact/value distinction, 4, 66-67, II 1-112,129--130, 150-151, 166, 181

- SEE ALSO knowledge Fontaine, Arturo, 72,73 food in Mishnah's distributive

economics, 2 I foreign aid, 160 - in evangelical Christian thought,

109-110, 144 Frank, Robert, 159 fraud, defined in Rabbinic Judaism, 25 free-rider hypothesis, 116-118 Fukuyama, Francis, on high- ancllow-

trust societies, 119-120

Gaudium et Spes (Vatican II), on private property, 45-46

Gay, Craig, 87-88, 88-89 Goudzwaard, Bob, 91, 104, 137 - on environment policy, 94 government, economic role of - in American Lutheran view, 143 - in Kuyperian view, 92-96 - in Papal Social Teaching, 46

200 Index

- in Southern baptist thought, 107-108

greed. SEE self-interest Guild of St. Matthew (England), 58 Gutierrez, Gustavo, 72

Hart, Oliver, 137 Hawtrey,Kim, 115, 116, 124, 129,

159,162,166,168,170,171,176, 177

- critiqued, 132-133, 142-146, 157, 160, 172-173

- on theological and scientific knowledge, 127

Hay, Donald, 104, 107, 133 - on Pareto principle, 111 hermeneutics, 69 Heyne, Paul, on creation of normative

social theory, 179-180 Hill, M., 103 Hinds, Samuel, 63 Hinkelammert, Franz, 77 Hoksbergen, Roland, 88 Holt, Charles A., 118 Hooker, Richard, 52 Hore-Lacy, I., 107 Hulme, David, 110 Hume, David, 177-178 - on knowledge, 128-129

Iannaccone, Laurence R., 119 ideology, purpose of, 74-75 incentives, 158 - human response to, 116, 119 individualism vs. collectivism, 161 Industrial Revolution, 39 information. SEE knowledge Isaac, Mark R., 118

John M. Olin Foundation, 70 John Paul II - on consumerism, 47, 48 - on social justice, 46-47 Joyce, Michael, 70 Jubilee 2000 Campaign for

International Debt Remission, 109 Judaism, Rabbinic, 7-8, 13-32, 125,

134,151

- Mishnah, 13-22,24-32, 125, 158-159; economic theory of, 14, 20-21, 134

- Priestly Code, 19-21; economic prescriptions of, 20-21

- Yerushalmi, 23-32,125,181; commentary of on Mishnah, 23-26; transforms Mishnah's economic philosophy, 26-32, 125; Cain and Abel (Biblical story), 27-28

justice, 46-47, 143, 145-146 - in evangelical Christianity, 109-110 - in Kuyperian social thought, 92

Keynes, John Maynard, 56, 61,132. - on uncertainty, 129-130 Keynes, IN., 63, 136 Klay, Robin, 88 Knight, Frank H., 65,150,161,166 - on consumer decision-making, 48 knowledge, 126-130, 143 - in Calvinist thought, 128, 180 - fact and value in, 4 - Hume's analysis of, 128-129 - in liberation theology, 127 - in Papal Social Teaching, 127 - SEE ALSO fact/value distinction Kolakowski, Leszek, 65--67, 150-151,

166-167 - on knowledge, 126 Kristol, Irving, 139 Kuyper, Abraham, 85-86, 136 Kuyperian social theory, 85-98,

136-137,148-150,156,178,180 - on business and management

behaviour, 90-92, 149 - on labour rights and relations, 87,

92-93, 149-150

Laborem Exercens (John Paul II. 1981),172

- on the just wage, 41 - on materialism, 37 - on meaning of work, 39-40 - on unemployment, 40 - on unions, 42 labour relations

- Kuyperian social teaching on, 87, 92-93, 149-150

- Papal Social Teaching on, 39-42 land (real estate) - Mishnah's prescriptive definition of,

20-21 - as non-wealth in Yerushalmi, 31-32 - in Priestly Code of Judaism, 20-21 - a~ wealth in Mishnah, 19-20 language in science/religion

discourse(s),65-67,150-151, 166--167

La Porta, Rafael, 119 Lausanne Convenant, 101 Leo XIII (Pope), 7 liberation theology, 7, 69-84, 178 - analytical methods of, 71-80, 84,

147-148; dialectical analysis, 71-72,75-76; empirical analysis, 74, 77-80; ideology critique, 74-78; for social institutions, 74-75

- on capitalism, 72, 77-78, 155-156 - criticized, 72-73, 76--77, 155-156 - dependency theory in, 72, 125, 177 - preferential option of for the poor,

70-71,83, 147 - and social sciences, 72-75, 155-156 Lipford, Jody W., 118 Locke, John, 160 Lucas, Dick, 99 Lutheran Church (American) - criticizes capitalism, 105 - on government and economy, 143 - SEE ALSO Church of Sweden

Malthus, Thomas R., 53, 56, 166 market theory, 96--97 markets, free, 159, 169 - in Calvinist social teaching, 87 - in Christian political economy, 57 - Papal Social Teaching on, 43-47 Marshall, Alfred, 60, 171 Martin-Bar6, Ignacio, 77 Mater et Magistra (John XXIII.

1961),38-40,42,44-46 - on autonomy of workers, 40 - on human nature, 38 - on the just wage, 40, 42

Index 201

- on markets, 44-45 - on relations of labour and capital, 39 - on sociocultural change, 46 - on state intervention in economy, 46 - on worker ownership, 42 Maurice, F.D., 58-59 McChesney, Fred - on creation of normative social

theory, 180-·181 McGrath, Alistair, 99 McKee, A., III Mead, Lawrence, 107 Medecins Sans Frontieres, 160 mediation, hermeneutic, 69 mediation, socio-analytic, 69-·70 Menger, Carl, 171 Milgrom, Paul, 137 Mill, John Stuart, 171 Mishnah (Judaic philosophical

system). SEE UNDER Judaism, Rabbinic

Moll, W.E., 59 money - in distributive economics, 17 - in Rabbinic Judaism, 24-25 Montes, Segundo, 135 - on Salvadoran modes of production,

78-80 morality. SEE economics and ethics Mosley, P., 110 Munby, Denys L., 61, 62-63, WI Munro, D. - on Third World poverty, 109

needs and rights in Papal Sociall Teaching, 37, 40

Neusner, Jacob, 151, 153, 158, 162-163,168,169,176,178

- compares Aristotle and Mishnah, 126

-critiqued, 134-135, 157-158 New World Order. SEE Ellacuria,

Ignacio Niebuhr, H. Richard, 85 Nirvana fallacy, 159 normative social theory, 4-6 - of British Establishment, 62-67 - of Calvinism, 85-86, 124 - of Catholicism, 36, 37, 65, 124, 138

202 Index

-creation of, 175-181 - of evangelical Christianity,

102-110, 124 - of liberation theology, 83-84 - of Rabbinic Judaism, 13-32 - SEE ALSO positive social theory normative/positive conjunction in

political economy, 56-57 normative/positive disjunction in

social theory, 34, 35-36, 138, 147, 153-154,156-157,158,177-178, 179

normative/positive statements, 35, 169 North, Douglass, 142 Novak, Michael, 77-78, 80

Octogesima Adveniens (Paul VI. 1971)

on moral aspects of economics, 37 - on social sciences, 38 - on social welfare, 42 Olson, Mancur - on neoclassical economics, 119 Opportunity International foundation,

110 Orthodox Churches and economic

policy, 7 ownership, 181 - SEE ALSO property, private

ownership of Oxford Declaration on Christian Faith

and Economics (1990), 102, 108, 142-146

Paley, William, 53, 55-56, 56-57, 166 Papal Social Teaching on economics,

33-50,115,146-147,162,180 - and ethics, 65 - goals of, 43-44 - on government role, 46 - on its own primacy, 36-38, 37, 138 - and Kuyper, 87 - on scientific knowledge, 127 -on work, 39-41 Pareto principle, 111 Personal Responsibility and Work

Opportunity Reconciliation Act (U.S. 1966), \07

Pesch, Heinrich

- influence on papal encyclicals, 38 pluralism, 5 Polanyi, Karl, 18-19 political economy, Christian

(England), 54-63 Poor Laws (England), 160 Populorum Progressio (Paul VI.

1967),43 - on consumerism, 47-49 - on universal expertise of Catholic

Church,37 positive social theory, 5 - SEE ALSO normative social theory praxis, 71 Preston, R.H., 61 Priestly Code. SEE UNDER Judaism,

Rabbinic production, Salvadoran modes of:

78-80 production, means of, as wealth in

Rabbinic Judaism, 22 production unit, 18 productivity differences among

nations, 119 profit as usury in Mishnah, 18 property, private ownership of - in Calvinist social teaching, 87 - in Papal Social Teaching, 42, 45-46 - in Rabbinic Judaism, 20-21, 24-25 Protestant churches, Established,

51-67 Protestant reformation and relations of

Church and State, 51-52 public choice theory, 93, 161

Quadragesimo Anno (Pius Xl. 193 I), 4,40,172

- on consumerism, 49 - on government and economy, 46 - on inequality of wealth, 43 - influence of H. Pesch on, 38 - on the just wage, 41-42 - on labour relations, 39 - on moral aspects of economics, 37 - on primacy of own normative social

theory, 36-38 - on social justice, 46

rank. SEE status and rank

Reformation, Protestant, 51-53 religion, defined, 5 religion/economics conjunction, 3--4 Remenyi, Joe, 110 Rerum Novarum (Leo XIII. 1891), 7 - and Abraham Kuyper, 87 - on class unity, 40 - on economic goals, 43-44 - on human nature, 38 - on the just wage, 41 - on labour relations, 39 - on rights of workers, 40 - on worker-employer relations, 37 Richard, J. David, 133 rights. SEE needs and rights Robbins, Lionel, 63, 136 Robcrts, John, 137 Robinson, Joan, III Roman Catholic Church - economic public policy of, 7 - SEE ALSO liberation theology;

Papal Social Teaching Romantic movement (England) - reaction against political economy,

54, 58-59, 63 rulc of law in Latin America, 148 rule(s) of cconomic behaviour, 145 Ryan, John A. - on consumer decision-making, 48

Salvadoran Social Security Institute, 79

Samaritan's dilemma, 159-160, 180-181

scarcity, concept of, 56-57,141-142, 156--157

- in Anglican social thinking, 55, 57, 62-63, 125, 177

Schubeck, Thomas L., 125, 162, 168, 171,176,180

- on concept of the common good, 115-116

- critiqued, 135, 147-148, 155-156, 157,158

Schumpeter, Joseph A. - on economics, 14 Scitovsky, Tibor, on status and rank,

III secularism, 5

Index 203

self-interest, 141-142, 145 self-sufficiency - Aristotle on, 19 - disincentives to, 159-160 Senior, Nassau, 63, 136 sin, 158 - in evangelical Christian thought,

106--107, 143 - in liberation theology, 71 - in religious thought, 130 - in socioeconomic theory, 170 Sirico, Robert, 77, 80 Smith, Adam, 156--157, 171 social sciences, the - and evangelical Christianity, 102 - and liberation theology, 72-75,

155-156 - in Papal Social Teaching, 38 social theory, normative. SEE

normative social theory socialism, Christian, 58-59 Solicitudo Rei Socialis (John Paul II.

1987) - on consumerism, 47 - on expertise of Catholic Church, 37 - on human nature, 38 Southern Baptist churches, 143 - on role of government, 107-108 Sowell, Thomas., 180 - on normative/positive distinction,

156--157 Stamp, Josiah, 61 State and Church, relations of. SEE

Church and State statements, normative and positive,

35, 169 statements, positive. SEE statements,

normative and positive status and rank as economic goals,

III Steedman, Ian - on creation of normative social

theory, 181-182 stewardship, 143, 168 - in evangelical Christianity, 102, 143 - in Kuyperian social teaching, 87 Stockholm School, 53 Storkey, Alan, 104, 149 - on consumption theory, 96

204 Index

Stott, John, 99, 101 - on meaning of work, 108-109 Sumner, J.B., 53, 57, 59

Tawney, R.H., 60 taxcs, sacerdotal, in Rabbinic Judaism,

20-21 Temple, William, 60-62, 101, 136 theology, liberation. SEE liberation

theology theology, transformative goals of, 126 Tiemstra, John P., 124, 168, 171, 176,

177,180 - critiqued, 136-137, 148-150, 156,

158,161,172-173 - on ethical agenda of neoclassical

economics, 115 - on incentives, 116 - on theological knowledge, 127 tithes and tithing, 28-30 trust in societies, 119-120 Tucker, Josiah, 53, 56-57 - Christian political economy of, 55

uncertainty/certainty disjunction, I 29-l30

United Methodist Church, 105 utilitarian economic theory, critiqued

by evangelicals, 110-112

value, intrinsic, 18, 25 value/fact disjunction. SEE fact/value

distinction Vickers, Douglas, 149 - on market theory, 96-97 - on value-free inquiry, 112 von Hayek, Friedrick A., l35 von Nell-Breunig, Oswald, influence

on papal encyclicals, 38

wages, Papal Social Teaching on, 40--42

Walker, James M., 118

Waterman, A.M.C., 121, 123,131, 153,162,169-170,176

- critiqued, 135-136, 149-150, 165-167

- on Kolakowski, 166-167 - on scarcity in Anglican theology,

125,177 - on secularization of economics, 126 - on uses of economics for theology,

116 wealth - Aristotle on, 18 - in Kuyperian social theory, 156 - in Papal Social Teaching, 43 - in Rabbinic Judaism, 18, 19,20,

21-22 - redistribution of, 160-161 - as source of sin, 28-30 - Yerushalmi on, 25-26, 30-32 welfare policy - in evangelical Christian thought, 107 - in Kuyperian social teaching, 94-95 - in neo-classical economics, 93 - in Papal Social Teaching, 42 Welty, Eberhard, 37 Whately, Richard, 7, 53, 57, 59, 63,

162, 166 - on value-free economics, l36 Wheaton Consultation on. the Church

in Response to Human Need (1983), 101-102

Wheaton Declaration (1966), 101 Wicksteed, Philip Henry, 171-172 Williams, Arlington W., 118 Winch, Donald, 58 Wogaman, Philip, 104, l32 work - in evangelical thought, 108-109 - in Papal Social Teaching, 39--41 workcrs, rights of, 171-172 - Papal Social Teaching on, 37,

40--41,42 World Congress on Evangelism

(Berlin, 1966), 10 I

World Council of Churches, 105 World Vision, 110

Yerushalmi. SEE UNDER Judaism, Rabbinic

Yuengert, Andrew M., 115, 124, 162, 168,171,175-176,177,179-180

- critiqued, 138-139, 146-147, 157, 158,172

- on normative/positive relations, 179 - on Papal Social Teaching, 170

Index 205