Reductive techniques

Timeout from positive reinforcement A time to reflect

Effective Non violent Time for both parties to cool off Can be in any place

Predicated on the premise that the inappropriate behavior is not a reaction to poor instruction

Timeout Procedure that involves denying a student

access to all sources of reinforcement Teacher attention Peer attention Participation in ongoing activities

Time out also removes the student from instruction

Timeout Used to diffuse situation Redirection can occur after time out

Three types Planned ignoring

Contingent observation Exclusionary/Seclusionary

Timeout Amount of time away should be determined

by the age of the student Be sure that the student is not trying to be

isolated for some reason

Timeout Track

How much teacher time is being used How much instructional time is lost How often the individual is put in time out What the individual’s behavior appears to be after

time out Other students’ reactions to the incident

Timeout Use of timeouts is part of a continuum of

interventions and strategies Teaching alternative positive behaviors Reinforcement of positive behaviors Ignoring or not responding to inappropriate

behaviors Response cost

Seclusionary timeout is a drastic measure and should be used as a last defense in a total program Must have parent permission to use seclusionary

time out Use only in an array of behavioral interventions Avoid power struggles with the student Never lock a student in a closed setting Maintain a view of the student at all times

Timeout Maintain through written logs and records

When it occurred Describe the behavior Describe the intervention attempted Record the length (exact times) Describe the reactions and results

Assess whether timeout is workingUse an FBA.

Differential reinforcement Increasing reinforcement for replacement

behaviors While attempting to reduce the occurrence of

undesirable behaviors

Four strategies Differential reinforcement of low rates of

behavior Differential reinforcement of other behaviors Differential reinforcement of incompatible

behaviors Differential reinforcement of alternative

behaviors

Extinction When a behavior’s reinforcement is suddenly

stopped, the behavior will escalate Use this procedure only when the behavior in

question is not hurtful to the student or others

Verbal statements Reprimands are advised if the undesirable

behavior is harmful. Instruction and directive comments may be

seen as aversive Mean what you say Do not use threats, name calling, sarcasm,

ridicule

Verbal statements Firm, specific, and immediate

Overcorrection Positive practice overcorrection

Repeating a selected behavior contingent on the occurrence of an undesired behavior Hand biting could be replaced by repeated clapping

Restitutional overcorrection Overcorrect the effects of the behavior on the

environment Returning a stolen object- giving an object of her

own, etc

Response cost Loss of a reinforcer contingent on an

undesirable behavior The reinforcer that is lost should be a natural

consequence Not the same as extinction because

The reinforcer is not maintaining the behavior The reinforcer is not withheld; it is taken away