Reductive techniques
Timeout from positive reinforcement A time to reflect
Effective Non violent Time for both parties to cool off Can be in any place
Predicated on the premise that the inappropriate behavior is not a reaction to poor instruction
Timeout Procedure that involves denying a student
access to all sources of reinforcement Teacher attention Peer attention Participation in ongoing activities
Time out also removes the student from instruction
Timeout Used to diffuse situation Redirection can occur after time out
Three types Planned ignoring
Contingent observation Exclusionary/Seclusionary
Timeout Amount of time away should be determined
by the age of the student Be sure that the student is not trying to be
isolated for some reason
Timeout Track
How much teacher time is being used How much instructional time is lost How often the individual is put in time out What the individual’s behavior appears to be after
time out Other students’ reactions to the incident
Timeout Use of timeouts is part of a continuum of
interventions and strategies Teaching alternative positive behaviors Reinforcement of positive behaviors Ignoring or not responding to inappropriate
behaviors Response cost
Seclusionary timeout is a drastic measure and should be used as a last defense in a total program Must have parent permission to use seclusionary
time out Use only in an array of behavioral interventions Avoid power struggles with the student Never lock a student in a closed setting Maintain a view of the student at all times
Timeout Maintain through written logs and records
When it occurred Describe the behavior Describe the intervention attempted Record the length (exact times) Describe the reactions and results
Assess whether timeout is workingUse an FBA.
Differential reinforcement Increasing reinforcement for replacement
behaviors While attempting to reduce the occurrence of
undesirable behaviors
Four strategies Differential reinforcement of low rates of
behavior Differential reinforcement of other behaviors Differential reinforcement of incompatible
behaviors Differential reinforcement of alternative
behaviors
Extinction When a behavior’s reinforcement is suddenly
stopped, the behavior will escalate Use this procedure only when the behavior in
question is not hurtful to the student or others
Verbal statements Reprimands are advised if the undesirable
behavior is harmful. Instruction and directive comments may be
seen as aversive Mean what you say Do not use threats, name calling, sarcasm,
ridicule
Verbal statements Firm, specific, and immediate
Overcorrection Positive practice overcorrection
Repeating a selected behavior contingent on the occurrence of an undesired behavior Hand biting could be replaced by repeated clapping
Restitutional overcorrection Overcorrect the effects of the behavior on the
environment Returning a stolen object- giving an object of her
own, etc
Response cost Loss of a reinforcer contingent on an
undesirable behavior The reinforcer that is lost should be a natural
consequence Not the same as extinction because
The reinforcer is not maintaining the behavior The reinforcer is not withheld; it is taken away