reducing the gw pimp act on commercial refrigeration

7/29/2019 Reducing the Gw Pimp Act on Commercial Refrigeration

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Reducing the GWP Impact On

Commercial RefrigerationL. Abbas, B. Boussand,W. Rached, B. Van Horn

Chillventa 2012, Forum 10Nuremberg, GermanyOctober 10th, 2012


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Commercial Refrigeration Status

R-404A is the most popular HFC refrigerant used in refrigeration

Over 90% of HFC usage in supermarket refrigeration in Europe

Main applications are : Supermarket refrigeration : cold storage, food cases

Transportation : refrigerated trucks, containers

Small commercial refrigeration

Regulatory pressure

It is likely that Higher GWP compounds such as R-404A will be among the firsttargeted by the future revision of the F-gas regulation


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Progression towards the 4th generation

Montreal ProtocolODP issue

Kyoto ProtocolGWP issue

1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation

CFC-11

CFC-12

HCFC-22

HCFC-123

HCFC-141b

HCFC-142b

R-507A

R-404A

R-422A

. . .

Lower GWPOptions


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Commercial R-404A substitutes with reduced GWP

-46.3-45.3-46.5

Bubble point

@ 1 Atm (C)

53%46%-GWP reduction

vs R-404A (%) *

-39.9-38.9-45.8Dew Point

@ 1 Atm (C)

Toxicity

(ISO-817)

Flammability

(ISO-817)

Class AClass AClass A

Class 1Class 1Class 1

R-407F

Forane 407A

(R-407A)R-404A

* GWP value for 100-year time horizons according to IPCC 2007 Fourth Assessment Report

Side-by-side comparison of commercial retrofit options with reduced GWP


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Experimental Evaluation of R-404A substitutes

Drop-in tests

R-404A, 4.4kW, Walk-in Freezer with matching evaporator

Scroll Compressor Additional cooling available (liquid injection)

2 system configurations

Medium Temp Thermostatic Expansion Valve for indoor box temperature at -4C and-18C

Low Temp Thermostatic Expansion Valve for indoor box temperature at -18C and -32C

2 Outdoor Box Temperatures : 32C and 43C


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Experimental Set-up


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Medium Temperature refrigeration (-4C)

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95100

105

110

%v

sR-404A

R-404A R-407A R-407F

Efficiency

C

apacity

Efficiency

C

apacity

Outdoor box : 43C

60

65

70

75

8085

90

95

100

105

110

%vsR-404A

R-404A R-407A R-407F

Efficienc

y

Capacity

Efficienc

y

Capacity

Outdoor box : 32C

2%

Up to 3% increase in Efficiency demonstrated with R-407A


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100%102%Vapor refrigerant velocity

68%73%Mass Flow

4.75 turns5 turnsTXV adjustment

Discharge Temperature*

Suction Pressure

+6C+6C

-0.5 bar-0.6 bar

R-407FR-407A

Properties vs R-404A

Outdoor box : 32C

* With liquid injection running

Medium Temperature refrigeration (-4C)


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60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95100

105

110

%v

sR-404A

R-404A R-407A R-407F

E

fficiency

Capacity

E

fficiency

Capacity

60

65

70

75

8085

90

95

100

105

110

%v

sR-404A

R-404A R-407A R-407F

Efficienc

y

Capacity

Efficienc

y

Capacity

Outdoor box : 32C

Outdoor box : 43C

Low Temperature refrigeration (-32C)

R-407A is an efficient substitute to R-404A, even under extreme conditions


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91%97%Vapor refrigerant velocity

61%68%Mass Flow

1 turn1.25 turnsTXV adjustment

Discharge Temperature*

Suction Pressure

+1C+1C

-0.3 bar-0.3 bar

R-407FR-407A

Properties vs R-404A

Outdoor box : 43C

* With liquid injection running

Low Temperature refrigeration (-32C)


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-4

-18

-32

-4

-18

-32

0

10

20

30

40

R-407F

R-407A

Indoor Temperatures:-4, -18 and -32C

Outdoor Temperatures:32, 43C

No liquid injection

Outdoor Temp= 32C

Outdoor Temp= 43C

Increase in DischargeTemp vs R-404 (C)

Compressor Stopped:Above safety limits of compressor

R-407A has a lower discharge

Temperature

Discharge Temperature Management

R-407A has a wider range of operating conditions without liquid injection


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-4

-18

-32

-4

-18

-32

0

10

20

30

40

R-407A liq

R-407A

Outdoor Temp= 32C

Outdoor Temp= 43C

Increase in DischargeTemp vs R-404 (C)

With additional cooling,R-407A can be used in

scroll systems, even atextreme conditions

Discharge Temperature Management


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Reduced Carbon Footprint

High Energy Savings

* Outdoor 43C, Indoor -4C

Potential Emission Reduction

+3%

-5%

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

RelativeCOP

vsR-404A

R-404A R-407A R-407F

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Relativevalueofdirect

CO2emiss

ion

R-404A R-407A


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Forane 407A

Performance

Similar cooling capacity to R-404A

Improved energy efficiency for MT applications,particularly at high ambient temperatures

Close match to R-404A for LT applications at highambient temperatures

For R-404A retrofit and new installations


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*under specific test conditions

Forane 407A

Ease of use

May only require a TXV adjustment, no oil change required

Approved by Compressor manufacturers including Copeland,

Carlyle and Bitzer

Lower discharge temperature compared to R-407F : wider rangeof operating conditions without additional cooling

Emission Reduction

GWP nearly 50% lower

Efficiency up to 3% higher than R-404A and 8% higher than R-

407F*


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Disclaimer

The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the

date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the information referred to herein are beyond our control,

Arkema expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any reliance on suchinformation; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF

MERCHANTABILITY, OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THEINFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization.

Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as aninducement to infringe any patent, and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed

action will not result in patent infringement.

2012 Arkema Inc.

Thank You.

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