reducing land based sources of marine ecosystem problems
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Reducing Land Based Sources of Marine Ecosystem Problems. CCICED Roundtable Meeting April 27-28, 2011. Determinants of Ecosystem Health. Water Quantity Water resource availability Upstream diversions Upstream consumptive uses Variability in precipitation Water Quality - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Reducing Land Based Sources of Marine Ecosystem Problems
CCICED Roundtable Meeting April 27-28, 2011
Determinants of Ecosystem Health
• Water Quantity– Water resource availability
• Upstream diversions• Upstream consumptive uses• Variability in precipitation
• Water Quality– Upstream discharges
• Municipal and industrial• Agricultural nonpoint sources
• Development and use of coastal lands
Agriculture in China’s Rural Economy(gross output value 100 million yuan)
Efficiency in Agriculture Enhances Resilience of Food Supply System
• Water conservation – saves water supply for additional water use in the future, reduces costs
• Precision nitrogen fertilizer use – protects local water supplies, reduces costs
• Livestock manure management – utilizes nutrients, protects local water supplies
Digesters Produce Fuel, Reduce GHG Emissions, and Lower Local Air & Water Pollution 沼气项目
Water, Biomass, & Nutrient Management in Rice Production Reduces GHG, Conserves Water, Lowers Pollution, Saves Money水稻田项目
Precision Nitrogen Application Reduces GHG Emissions, Lowers Water Pollution, Saves Money 测土施肥
Test theSoil !!
Environmental Effects
Source: http://www.epa.gov/sequestration/pdf/greenhousegas2005.pdf
Potential GHG Reductions
Scenarios for Agricultural GHG Reductions in China 中国农业温室气体减排情景分析
Croplands/ Practices措施
CO2e二氧化碳当量 Tonnes/HA/Yr
Cropland Area 耕地面积106 HA/yr
CO2e 106 Tonnes/Yr 二氧化碳当量
Low High Low High
Reduced Tillage 少耕 0.50 2.00 156.3 78.15 312.60
Precision Fertilizer 精准施肥 0.70 2.00 156.3 109.41 312.60
Irrigation Efficiency 提高灌溉效率 0.80 1.75 58.50 46.80 102.38
Rice Water&Straw 水稻田和秸秆管理 3.00 10.00 29.20 87.60 292.00
Total GHG Reductions:温室气体减排总量 106 Tonnes CO2e 321.96 1019.58Source: CCICED Task Force on Rural Economy, Environment and Climate Change, 2009
来源： 国合会农村经济，环境和气候变化工作组， 2009
Low Carbon Transit Card 低碳交通卡
Conclusions 结论• The new urgency and stringency of environmental targets under
the 12th Five Year Plan require a renewed focus on policy efficiency and specific implementing mechanisms 十二五规划将提出更严格更急迫的环境目标，这要求决策者重新审视政策的效率
• Integrated policy frameworks can achieve multiple goals simultaneously 综合政策框架可以同时实现多个目标
• The examples shown illustrate how environmental protection policies can promote “inclusive growth” and increase incomes例证展示了环保政策如何促进“共享式增长”
• AND reduce land based sources of pollution to protect the ecosystem services of rivers and the sea