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ASEAN CONFERENCE ON REDUCING MARINE DEBRIS IN ASEAN REGION
MARINE PLASTIC POLLUTION :
INITIATIVES ON REDUCING PLASTIC BAGS IN INDONESIA 22-23 NOVEMBER 2017
PHUKET, THAILAND
Arisman Executive Director of Center for Southeast Asian Studies (CSEAS), Indonesia [email protected]
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
• Marine debris and it’s implication to ASEAN Region
• Indonesia regulation of paid plastic bags in 2016
• Indonesia consumer behaviour on plastic bags
• Initiatives to reduce plastic bags
OVERVIEW
MARINE DEBRIS AND IT’S IMPLICATION TO ASEAN REGION
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Marine litter / marine debris is waste created by humans that has been discharged into coastal or marine environments, resulting from activities on land or at sea
The oceans are already filled with 275 million tons of plastics -Jambeck
“More plastic than fish in the sea by 2050” -Ellen MacArthur
The majority of marine litter consists of plastics The Plastic pollution accounts for approximately 60–80% of marine litter
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Production and Mismanaged Plastic Waste
Five member-countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) among the biggest sources of plastics pollution in the world’s oceans. These are: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. ASEAN countries, due to their lengthy coastlines and high plastic usage, are some of the primary sources of marine plastics globally.
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
MAIN SOURCES AND IMPACTS OF MARINE DEBRIS
Approximately 80% comes from LAND-BASED sources: • Litter (pedestrians, motorists, beach visitors) • Industrial discharges (pellets and powders) • Garbage management (containers, trucks,
landfills)
• Marine litter impact to marine biodiversity, environment and human-being
• Marine litter impact to economic activities : tourism, shipping, fishing, etc.
• Marine litter impact to social costs • Fatal entanglement in, and ingestion of marine debris
by, marine animals has increased by 40% in the last decade
• 90% of seabirds around the world have ingested plastic
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
30 PLASTIC BAGS IN THE WHALE’S STOMATCH
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
INDONESIA REGULATION OF PAID PLASTIC BAGS IN 2016
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
PRESIDENT JOKO WIDODO, AT THE LEADERS
RETREAT, G20 SUMMIT,
HAMBURG-GERMANY, FRIDAY JULY 7TH, 2017
President Joko Widodo, at the Leaders Retreat, G20 Summit, Hamburg-Germany, Friday July 7th, 2017
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Since 21st February 2016, some city in Indonesia have applied regulation of paid plastic bags. This regulation has been done based on Circular Letter the Ministry of Environment and Forestry No. S.1230/PSLB3-PS /2016 about mechanism and price of paid plastic bags. Price of plastic bags have been dealed at IDR 200 is incuded tax.
Bandung
Decrease to 42%
Balikpapan
Decrease to 45%
Banjarmasin
BAN plastic bags in modern retail
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Source : Plastic Bags Diet Movement, Indonesia
INDONESIA CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON PLASTIC BAGS
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
42.3
57.7
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Male Female
Gender
Gender
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
21-25 Years
26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 > 50 Years old
51.9
8.0 9.9
6.8 8.6 8.6
6.2
Age
Age
PROFILE OF INDONESIAN CONSUMER
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
PAID PLASTIC BAGS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
7.93
14.02
20.12
23.17
34.76
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
DECOMPOSITION OF PLASTIC
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
5.52 4.91 7.36
26.38
55.83
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF PLASTIC BAGS TO ENVIRONMENTAL HAZZARD
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
3.7 2.5
9.8
27.6
56.4
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
PAID PLASTIC BAGS TO SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
6.7 6.7
12.8
30.5
43.3
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF PLASTIC BAGS TO MARINE ANIMALS
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
4.9 6.7
18.4
25.2
44.8
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
REASONS FOR NOT USING REUSABLE BAGS
12. I do NOT use reusable shopping bags because:
I did not know they existed
41% They are not available at my 14% most visited supermarket
They are too expensive
10% 4% I often forget to bring mine
12% I prefer plastic bags
19% Other
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Source : “Social Perceptions of Single-use Plastic Consumption of the Balinese Population” Javier Lopez-Murcia Martin, 2015.
WILLINGNESS TO REDUCE SINGLE-USE PLASTIC CONSUMPTION
Would you like to reduce your consumption of plastic bottles and bags?
73%
Yes, of both of them
No
I do not think it is possible
2%
Only plastic bottles
8% Only plastic bags
2%
14% 1% No response
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Source : “Social Perceptions of Single-use Plastic Consumption of the Balinese Population” Javier Lopez-Murcia Martin, 2015.
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
INITIATIVES TO REDUCE PLASTIC BAGS BY AWARENESS
PROGRAM
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Youth
Training on
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
WORKSHOP AND CAPACITY BUILDING
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
STRATEGIES TO REDUCE PLASTIC BAGS
The solution to marine litter is likely to be found in a transition towards more sustainable ways of production and consumption that are also promoted via the Sustain-able Development Goals (SDGs). The UN sustainable development agenda represents a plan of action involving 17 SDGs and includes targets to prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, including marine litter.
Four of the SDGs have targets relevant to marine plastic pollution . These targets deal with untreated wastewater, waste management in sustainable cities, management of waste throughout their life cycle — with focus on prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse —and sustainable management of oceans.
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
CONSUMER :
1. Changing Consumer Behaviour
2. Changing “Throaway Habits”
GOVERNMENT :
Plastic Reduction Policy :
1. Paid Plastic Bags
2. Plastic Bags Ban
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY :
1.Minimize Plastic Packaging
2. Redesign Product
ASEAN Conference on Reducing Marine Debris in ASEAN Region “Initiatives on Reducing Plastic Bags in Indonesia”
Conclusion
INCREASING AWARENESS
