redesigning agriculture to improve efficiency olivia cox cpsp218l sec. 0201
TRANSCRIPT
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Redesigning Agricultureto improve efficiency
Olivia Cox
CPSP218L
Sec. 0201
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Why Redesigning Agriculture Is Important:
• Need to feed growing population• Lack of land left for farming• Water shortages• Grain for fuel turns out to cause more
harm than good• Protein is being produced inefficiently
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Current Issues In Agriculture:Feeding A Growing Population
• World pop. = 8 billion. World pop. starving or malnourished = 1 billion (1/8 of the entire pop.!)
• Reducing population would reduce demand for food
• Consumption of unhealthy amounts of livestock products (esp. in US)
• FIX:– Reproductive health care & birth control services– US eat lower on food chain
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“Eating Well”-Is This What We Are Doing?
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Current Issues In Agriculture:Lack Of Land Left For Farming
• Lack of land leads to need to increase productivity
• Acquisition of vast tracts of farmable land by foreign countries
• FIX:– Invest $ in helping low-income countries
develop their potential for expanding food production, enabling them to export more grain
– Raise land productivity by 1.) raising irrigation efficiency 2.) producing larger-yielding hybrid strains
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Current Issues In Agriculture:Water Shortages
• Need for more efficient irrigation systems
• FIX:– Shift from less efficient flood or furrow systems to
overhead sprinkelers or drip irrigation– Insitutional shifts—moving the responsibility for
managing irrigation systems from govnt agencies to local water users associations
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Current Issues In Agriculture:Inefficient Protein Production• 36% of the world grain harvest is used to
produce animal protein• World meat consumption increased from 44
million tons in 1950 to 260 million tons in 2007• Cattle: takes roughly 7kg grain to produce a
1kg gain in live weight• Pork: over 3kg grain per kg of weight gain• Poultry: over 2kg grain per kg weight gain• Herbivorous fish (carp, tilapia, & catfish): less
than 2kg grain per kg weight gain
• FIX-• Soybeans as a protein source, switching to fish, eating less
meat
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Current Issues In Agriculture:Grain For Fuel Does More Harm Than Good
• The 104 million tons of grain used to produce ethanol in 2009 in the US is the food supply for 340 million people at average world grain consumption levels
• FIX:– Could focus on providing better ways of
transportation, public trans etc.– Removing incentives for converting food to
fuel
http://blogs.princeton.edu/chm333/f2006/biomass/ethanol%20cornheap.jpg
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What We Are Doing!• College of Agriculture & Natural
Resources– 5 Ag research extension centers– Center for Agricultural & Natural
Resource Policy
• http://www.sustainability.umd.edu/– National Center for Smart Growth
Research and Education: deals with land use
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Sources• Asimov, Isaac, Asimov's New Guide to Science, pp. 152–153, Basic Books, Inc. : 1984.
• Bhatia, B.M. (1985) Famines in India: A study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India, Delhi: Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
• Brown, Lester R. Plan B 4.0 Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009. Print.
• Central Intelligence Agency. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2010.
<http://www.cia.gov>.
• Country Reports.org. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. <http://www.countryreports.org/>.
• "Green Agriculture." Farm Industry News. 2010. Web. 5 Mar. 2010. <http://farmindustrynews.com/greenagriculture/>.
• "Land Reform (agricultural economics)." Encylcopedia Britannica. 2010. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/616563/ United-States>.
• Lonely Planet. 2010. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. <http://lonelyplanet.com>.
• New World Encyclopedia. 2010. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. <http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Info:Main_Page>.
• "Research Centers." Campus Sustainability: Sustaining Our Terrapin Environment. University of Maryland, 2010. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. <http://www.sustainability.umd.edu/content/curriculum/ research_centers.php>.