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2

redaqtor-gamomcemlebi

samson leJava

inga qaraia

salome ciskariSvili

saredaqcio kolegia:

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olia kostina (ruseTi)

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asmaT oqropiriZe

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gogi xoStaria

barbara voroncovi (didi britaneTi)

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laSa qaraia

Publishers:

Samson Lezhava

Inga Karaia

Salome Tsiskarishvili

Editorial Board:

Dimitri Tumanishvili

Joe Kagle (USA)

Keti Kintsurashvili

Olia Kostina (Russia)

Irina Koshoridze

Asmat Okropiridze

Vassily Pankratov (Russia)

Nana Kipiani

Irakli Kipshidze

Gogi Khoshtaria

Barbara Woroncow (Great Britain)

Giorgi Kalandia

Computer Design

Technical editor

Lasha Karaia

garekanze: henri muri, ~mefe da dedofali~

On cover: Henry Moore, “King And Queen”

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3

Sinaarsi

giorgi xoStariasalome gurulimonumenturi qandakebis problema Tbilisis ramodenime Zeglis magaliTze------------------4

liana mamalaZe-anTelavakulturaTa dialogi me-20 saukunis qarTul ferweraSi ----------------------------------------13

mzia CixraZenaxati zurab niJaraZis SemoqmedebaSi---------------------------------------------------------------19

xaTuna xabulianiekologiuri Temebi da Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovneba----------------------------------------29

maia izoriaTanamedrove qarTuli mxatvruli keramikis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis(rezo iaSvilis 1950-iani wlebis Semoqmedebis mixedviT------------------------------------------34

Tamaz gersamia~qarTuli stili” Tbilisis arqiteqturaSi XIX da XX saukunis mijnaze-----------------------43

nino erisTaviqsnis erisTavebisa da amilaxvrebis sasaxleTa xuroTmoZRvreba XIX saukunisaTvis-------52

TaTia Rvineriafeminizmis dasawyisi dasavleTSi---------------------------------------------------------------------62

redaqcia sistematurad gamoaqveynebs kritikul masalebs yovelgvari Sekvecis gareSe,

Tundac gamoTqmuli azri “speqtris” pozicias ar emTxveodes. amasTan, aucileblad

dauTmobs JurnalSi adgils sawinaaRmdego Tvalsazrisis Semcvel masalebsac.

4

qarTuli kulturis istoriidan giorgi xoStaria, salome guruli

giorgi xoStariasalome guruli

monumenturi qandakebis problema Tbilisis

ramdenime Zeglis magaliTze*

monumenturi qandakeba Tanamedrove qarTuli qandakebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanes naw-

ils warmoadgens. masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi Zalzed mniSvnelovani da farToa amitom

bunebrivia, erTi statiiT mas ver movicavT. magram rig problemebs Cveni azriT SeiZleba

SevexoT Tbilisis ramdenime, Zeglis magaliTze. sxvadasxva moqandakis mxatvruli midgomisa

Tu poziciebis gansxvavebis miuxedavad SeiZleba moinaxos mTeli rigi saerTo niSnebis, rac

ZiriTadad im istoriuli monakveTis specifikiT aris ganpirobebuli, romelSic isini Seiqm-

na da romelic ZiriTadad uknasknel naxevar saukunes moicavs. Znelia Seafaso Tu ramxela

mniSvneloba aqvs monumenturi qandakebis xarisxs, kulturas, dones mTlianad qalaqis ieris

SeqmnaSi. ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia erTianobaSi es sakiTxi ar ganxilula.

erTi mxriv, qarTuli plastikuri xelovneba aTaswleulebs iTvlis da uamravi SesaniSna-

vi nimuSia Seqmnili am xanis ganmavlobaSi, meore mxriv, saqarTveloSi monumenturi mrgvali

qandakeba ar ganviTarebula. xolo qarTuli Tanamedrove skulpturis daamaarseblebi iakob

nikolaZe da nikoloz kandelaki ZiriTadad dazguri qandakebis ostatebi iyvnen.

saqarTveloSi monumenturi mrgvali qandakebis dadgmis tradicia samwuxarod, ZiriTa-

dad, e. w. totalitaruli reJimis dros daiwyo, rac mkacr ideologiur marwuxebSi aqcevda

yovelive SemoqmedebiTs. totalitarizmis Sedegi iyo socialisturi realizmi, romelic

ara imdenad ‘stili~ iyo, ramdenadac xelovnurad Seqmnili meTodi. socialisturi realizmi

or movlenas gulisxmobda: xelovneba masebisaTvis ‘gasagebi~ unda yofiliyo, ara maTi mx-

atvruli kulturis amaRlebis Sedegad, aramed misi ukiduresi vulgarizaciis gziT, aqedan

gamomdinare idevneboda yovelive specifikurad mxatvruli, yovelive SemoqmedebiTi da

individualuri. faqtobrivad realizmis cneba dayvanili iqna naturalizmamde, romelic

gamoricxavda mxatvrul wyobas, enas1. 50-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, poststalinuri

liberalizaciis dasawyisTan erTad, garkveuli Tavisufleba Cndeba xelovnebaSi da kerZod

saxviT xelovnebaSi, swored enis, rogorc amobobdnen formis, Ziebis TvalsazrisiT. magram,

bunebrivia es problema erTbaSad ar gadawyvetila da verc gadawydeboda. es gansakuTrebiT

rTuli aRmoCnda, ferwerisagan gansxvavebiT, mrgvali qandakebisTvis, romlis Camoyalibeba

totalitarizmis epoqaSi ar momxdara, da am faqtorma xeli Seuwyo mis Semdgom gamococx-

lebas.

totalitaruli reJimis dros idgmeboda uzarmazari monumentebi, romlebsac ideolo-

giuri funqcia ekisrebodaT. Tu am reJimis pirvel klasikur periodSi akademiur_natu-

ralisturi midgomis elementebi Warbobs, Semdgom periodSi, rodesac xelovneba Sedareb-

* moxseneba wakiTxulia 2003w. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studentTa samecniero konferenciaze1 g.xoStaria, XXs-is 30-50 wlebis qarTuli mxatvrobis etapobrivi Taviseburebani, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi-

tetis samecniero Sromebis krebuli, xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedra, Tb., 2002w gv. 190;

5


iTYTavisufldeba Tematuri dakveTisagan, xdeba erTi SexedviT paradoqsaluri movlena _

problemebi TiTqos matulobs. es gamowveulia miamiti rwmenis _ yvelaferi daZleulias _

Sedegad da faqtobrivad iwyeba eqsperimentebis epoqa qandakebaSic da ferweraSic. magram

Tu mxatvrobaSi misi specifikidan gamomdinare (suraTi SeiZleba Camoixsnas), es met-nak-

lebad umtkivneulod mimdinareobs qandakebaSi mkveTrad matulobs dadgmul ZeglTa ra-

odenoba, da is, rac eqsperimenti unda yofiliyo, ukve samudamod idgmeba. am mxriv Zalian

sainteresoa akademikos giorgi CubinaSvilis mosazreba romelic man vaxtang gorgaslis

Zeglis proeqtis ganxilvisas gamoTqva: Zegli, monumenti, erTi TaobisaTvis ar idgmeba da

amitom, misi dadgmisas garkveuli sifrTxile gvmarTebs.

poststalinuri liberalizaciis periodSi, e. w. eqsperimentebis epoqaSi individebis,

gadawyvetebis didi mravalferovnebaa, magram maTSi garkveuli kanonzomieri, saerTo da-

maxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi SeiniSneba. erT-erTi yvelaze TvalSi sacemi aris zomis problema.

rogorc cnobilia zoma TavisTavad ar aris monumentalizmis garanti. qandakebis zomas

TavisTavad emociuri datvirTva eniWeba, magram igi ar unda gaxdes misi ZiriTadi maxasiaTe-

bili. TavisTavad didi zomisadmi midrekileba vulgarulobis niSania, aRniSnavs henri muri.2

miqelanjelos ‘daviTi~ romelic 4.10 santimetria, el giganto-s saxeliT iyo cnobili.

maSin roca, CvenTan am da kidev ufro didi zomis qandakebebi Cveulebriv movlenad iqca.

didi zomis qandakebebi, totalitaruli wyobis qveynebSi damxasiaTebel movlenad iqca.

am tendenciam gavlena moaxdina aRmosavleT evropazec, sadac, omis Semdgom periodSi

mravlad idgmeboda istoriuli monumentebi, omis memorialebi da farTo xasiaTi hqonda

calkeuli pirovnebebis kults. magram, aRsaniSnavia, rom maTi didi nawili dResdReobiT

aRebulia an gadatanilia muzeumebSi.

aqve unda aRiniSnos monumentur qandakebis specifika: jer erTi, igi ganixileba, rogorc

qalaqis, misi sivrcis Tu plastikuri saxis erT-erTi aqcenti da amasTanave igi dakavSirebu-

lia garkveul Tematikur datvirTvasTan anu umravles SemTxvevaSi idgeba e. w. gansakuTre-

buli socialuri mniSvnelobis piris plastikuri gansaxiereba an exeba raime mniSvnelovan

zogad Temas, romelsac aqvs pretenzia pqondes Tematikuri Tu ideuri datvirTva: mag.

‘muza~, ‘qarTlis deda~ da a.S.. rac bunebrivia, Sesabamis moTxovnebs uyenebs Zeglis gad-

awyvetas e.i. erTi mxriv, arqiteqturasTan sinTezis problema da meore mxriv, konkretuli

saxviTi amocanebi, romlebic plastikuri eniT unda gansaxierdes, anu qandakeba unda iyos

marTla monumenturi _ gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis gamomxatveli, im SemTxvevaSic ki,

rodesac pirovnebis Cveulebrivi garegnuli monacemebi amis pirdapir saSualebas ar iZleva.

am problemis umaRles doneze gadawyvetis cnobili magaliTia rodenis ‘balzaki~.

sabWouri qandakebis mkafiod gamoxatuli gazrdili zomebisadmi tendencia, mkveTrad

gamoCnda Tbilisis magaliTze, romelic Tavisi bunebiT da iersaxiT zomieri da garkveulad

kameruli xasiaTis qalaqia. aSkarad adamianuri masStabi, quCebis, sivrcis cxovelxaturi

mimarTeba, TiTqos TavisTavad gangawyobs fexiT siarulisTvis, seirnobisTvis da es natu-

ralurze ramdenjerme didi qandakebebi aSkarad ar Seesabameba am xasiaTs. iqmeba garkveulad

fsevdomonumentalizmis gancda, rasac provinciuli elferi Semoaqvs qalaqSi (mag.: ‘didebis

memoriali~, ‘muza~, ‘qarTlis deda~, ‘vaJa-fSavela~ (sur. 1), ‘galaqtioni~, ‘wm. nino~, ‘vefxvi

da moyme~, ‘daviT aRmaSenebeli~, ‘giorgi saakaZe~, ‘mzeWabuki~, ‘nikoloz musxeliSvili~, ‘io-

2 Henry Moore, Writings and Conversations, 2002, gv 126

6


ane petriwi, ‘zaqaria faliaSvili~, ‘giorgi leoniZe~, da

a.S.). magram problema marto zomiT ar amoiwureba, radga-

nac gvaqvs SedarebiT patara masStabis qandakebebic (mag.:

‘niko firosmani~, ‘elene axvlediani~, ‘daviT kakabaZe~,

‘lado gudiaSvili~, ‘SoTa yavlaSvilis~, ‘giorgi cabaZe~

da a.S.), romelTa mxatvruli done aSkarad dabalia.

meore mniSvnelovani da saintereso problema gax-

lavT is, Tu, ramdenad monumenturia TavisTavad es

qandakebebi da ramdenad qmnian mxatvrul saxes Tavisi

wyobidan da mxatvruli gadawyvetidan gamomdinare.

nebimieri xelovnebis nimuSi gulisxmobs specifikur

anu mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebel wyobiseul niSnebs,

rac saboloo jamSi qmnis mxatvrul mTlianobas. anu sx-

vagvarad rom vTqvaT, qandakeba aris oTxi tipis niSnebis:

gareSe realobis, masalis, maorganizebeli proncipebis

da moqandakis _ aRniSvna, gamovlena da integrireba mx-

atvrul mTlianobaSi. qandakeba aris samganzomilebiani, moculobiT-sivrcobrivi, cvaleba-

di samyaros niSnebis transformireba samganzomilebian myar masalaSi. romelic moqandakis

mier (romlis ukan dgas skola, mimdinareoba, qveyana epoqa da a. S.) organizebulia e. w. ‘si-

lamazis formaluri~ principebis mixedviT (ritmiT, taqtiT, simetriT, harmoniiT da a. S.).3

rogorc henri muri aRniSnavs, qandakebis sirTule swored mis samganzomilebian forma-

Si mdgomareobs. swored amitomac iTvleba igi erT-erT rTul xelovnebad. sam-ganzomilebi-

ani, plastikuri forma Cndeba jer kidev Sumerul (kerZod gudeas) qandakebaSi. aqve unda

aRiniSnos rom samganzomilebianoba ar gulismobs maincdamainc sivrcobriv gaSlas. gudeas

erT-erT qandakebaze saubrisas, muri aRniSnavs adreuli periodis Sumeruli qandakebebis

Taviseburebas, romelTac igi axasiaTebs rogorc reliefs (da ara qandakebas) qvis blokis

zedapirze, radganac maT ar gaaCniaT samganzomilebiani plastikuri forma, romelic arsebi-

Tia qandakebisTvis. zogierTi ada-

miani formaze metad fers aRiqvams

_ wers igi. bavSvi Tavdapirvelad

aRiqvams organzomilebian formas,

magram TandaTanobiT uviTardeba

ZiriTadad Sexebis safuZvelze

samganzomilebiani formis aRqmis

unari.

SeiZleba calsaxad vivaraudoT,

wers arnxaimi, rom moculobi-

Ti formis, adamianis sxeulis da

ubralo sagnis gadmocema sam gan-

zomilebaSi ufro advilia, vidre

sur. 1

sur. 2

3 giorgi xoStaria, uaxlesi mxatvrobis zogierTi Tavisebureba, iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis samecniero

Sromebis krebuli, xelovnebis istoriisa da Teoriis kaTedra, Tb., 2002w gv. 194;

7


furcelze anda tiloze. radganac moqandake moculobiTi

masebiT muSaobs da Sesabamisad mis winaSe ar dgas moculobiTi

formis organzomilebian zedapirze transformirebis prob-

lema. es mosazreba mxolod nawilobriv aris swori, aRniSnavs

avtori, radganac qandakebis masala _ qvis an marmarilos bloki

TavisTavad samganzomilebiania (anu mas aqvs sigane, simaRle da

sisqe) da moqandakes TandaTanobiT uxdeba samganzomilebian

masalaSi plastikuri, samganzomilebiani formis miReba, rac

qandakebaSi gacilebiT rTuli misaRwevia, vidre ferweraSi im

damatebiTi erTi ganzomilebis gamo, Tvlis igi.4

axla ki, Sevecdebi mokled ganvixilo is siaxleebi rac

zogad-kulturulma Tu epoqalurma tendenciebma moutana

Tanamedrove qandakebas. uaxlesi drois xelovnebis ganmsaz-

Rvrel faqtorad gvevlineba xelovnebis avtonomiurobisken

miswrafeba, Sesabamisad specifikurad enobrivi, wyobiseuli

niSnebis, kerZod qandakebaSi sivrcis Semotanis an qandakebis sivrceSi gaSlis gaZliereba,

rac mimdinareobs saxviT-mimetur procesSi iluzionisturi elementebis klebis, kerZod,

proporciuli sistemis normatiuli moTxovnis ukugdebaSi. Tumca TavisTavad saxviTobis

principi rCeba, rac aZlierebs opoziciur sawyisebs mTelSi, amZafrebs dapirispirebas,

kontrasts, harmonias, rac TavisTavad ganzogadebis axal mZlavr saSualebas iZleva. amis

naTeli magaliTia henri muris, marino marinis, aleqsandre arxipenkos, osip catkinis da

sxva Tanamedrove moqandakeebis Semoqmedeba.

nebismieri qveynis kultura da xelovneba mniSnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia imiT, Tu

ramdenad aqvs mas saSualeba CarTuli iyos msoflioSi mimdinare, istoriul zogadkul-

turul Tu specifikurad mxatvrul procesSi.

magram samwuxarod qarTuli monumenturi mrgvali

qandakebis Camoyalibeba, rogorc ukve avRniSneT,

swored totalitaruli ideologiis zewolis qveS

moxda anu igi savsebiT mowyvetili iyo msoflioSi

mimdinare kulturul procesebs da ufro metic,

SeiZleba iTqvas rom igi principulad gansxvavebu-

li mimarTulebiT viTardeba. aqedan gamomdinare

qarTuli monumenturi mrgvali qandakeba sivrcis

maorganizebeli arasodes ar yofila da Tu gaviT-

valiswinebT imas, rom saqarTveloSi plastikuri

xelovneba aTaswlovan tradicias iTvlis, mrgval

qandakebaSi da mis saerTo plastikur gaawyveta-

Si mZafrad Semodis silueti, konturi da xSirad

mrgvali qandakebac sibrtyobrivad aRiqmeba, si-

brtyobrivi, sivrceSi moTavsebuli qandakebebis

faqtobrivad mxolod silueturi wakiTxva xdeba (mag.: ‘vaJa-fSavela~

sur. 3

sur. 9sur. 10

4 R. Arnheim, Art and Visual Perception, University of California Press, 1965 gv, 168-169;

8


(sur. 1), ‘vaxtang gorgasali~ (sur. 2), ‘qarTlis deda~, ‘d. guramiSvili~ ‘k. gamsaxurdia~ da

a.S.) umravles SemTxvevaSi xedis TvalsazrisiT aris e.w. ‘mkvdari wertilebi~ anu aRqmis

kuTxe, saidanac Zegli faqtobrivad ar ikiTxeba (‘vaJa-fSavela~, ‘d. kakabaZe~, ‘galaqtioni~,

‘SoTa yavlaSvilis~ da a.S. (sur. 3, 9, 10) xSir SemTxvevaSi qandakeba idgmeba nagebobis an

xelovnurad dadgmuli sibrtyis fonze (‘d. guramiSvili~, ‘k. gamsaxurdia~, ‘e. axvlediani~

da a.S.), rac TavisTavad qarTuli monumenturi mrgvali qandakebis SezRudulobad unda

CaiTvalos. maSin rodesac, evropaSi Tanamedrove moqnadakeebi maqsimalurad cdiloben

TavianTi namuSevrebi gaaTavisulon arqiteqturisgan da farTo, gaSlil sivrceSi dadgan.

amis naTeli magaliTia muris ‘mefe da dedofali~, romelic Tavdapirvelad kedlis fonze

idga briuselSi Ria cis qveS muzeumSi (sur. 4) da SemdgomSi muris daJinebuli moTxovniT

SotlandiaSi, landSaftSi gadaitanes, rac erTi SexedviT TiTqos ucnauri unda yofili-

yo aSkara silueturi metyvelebis gamo (sur. 5). Sedegad qandakebam saocrad moigo da ga-

moCnda misi TiTqosda sibrtyobrivi formebis sivrceSi wakiTxvis aucilebloba (sur. 6).

Tu davukvirdebiT siluetis metyvelebasTan erTad formebs

araCveulebrivi plastiuri metyvelebac axasiaTebs. aq verc

erT sworxazovan formas/zedapirs ver vnaxavT. anu SeiZleba

qandakeba frontalurad aRiqmebodes, magram Tavisi formis

xasiaTiT plastikuri, samganzomilebiani iyos. amis naTeli mag-

aliTia muris zemoT xsenebuli kompozicia, rasac ver vityviT

‘daviT guramiSvilis~ qandakebaze, sadac sibrtyobrivad, da-

muSavebuli sxeuli kontrastSia eqspresiulad naZerw saxesTan.

am qandakebis gadawyvetas udavod axasiaTebs Rirsebebi, kerZod

sainteresoa _ guramiSvili axleburi gageba sulierebis xaz-

gasmiT. magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom igi ukritikod ganvixiloT

formis enidan gamomdinare. radganac mTlianad qandakeba Tav-

isi formis xasiaTiT ar aris erTiani. merab berZeniSvili sxeu-

lis dematerializaciiT cdilobda spiritualizmis gadmoce-

sur. 5 - 6

sur. 7

9


mas. amgvari midgomis uamravi magaliTi SeiZleba moiZebnos Sua

saukuneebis xelovnebaSi. magaliTad strazburgis kaTedralis

‘damarcxebuli sinagoga~ (sur. 7), romelic miuxedavad arqite-

qturasTan Tanaarsebobisa, saocrad plastikuria, da ar aris

erT RerZze agebuli, rac mTavaria saocrad erTiania formis

gancdis TvalsazrisiT.

aqve unda aRiniSnos qarTuli monumenturi mrgvali qanda-

kebis erT-erTi Tavisebureba _ TiTqmis yvela qandakeba erT

RerZzea agebuli (‘k. gamsaxurdia~, ‘sarajiSvili~, ‘d. kakabaZe~

da a.S.) da aqedan dgeba qandakebis sivrceSi gaSlis problema.

miuxedavad TiTqmis spiraluri datrialebisa, ‘S. yavlaSvili~

qandakeba (sur. 8) mainc erT RerZzea da mravali arametyveli

xedi aqvs, rac sivrceze gaSlis pretenziis mqone qandakebas ar

unda hqondes (sur. 9, 10). Tu Tanamedrove evropeli ostatebis

saukeTeso namuSevrebi sivrceSi isea ganTavsebuli, rom yvela

wertilidan muSaoben, sam ganzomilebaSi formis gaSliT da sivrcis SemotaniT, im SemTxveva-

Sic ki, rodesac Tavad formas SeiZleba am mimarTulebiT ar miyavde. Cveni ostatebi sivr-

cobriobis Setanas anatomiuri datrialebiT cdiloben (mag.: ‘g. saakaZe~, ‘d. aRmaSenebeli~).

sinamdvileSi. anatomiuri formis datrialeba utrireba ufroa vidre transformireba da

TiTqmis karikaturamde midis.

socialisturi realizmi, rogorc ukve avRniSneT, realobis nacvlad naturalizms

iTxovda. aqedan gamomdinare asaxvis sagnis maqsimaluri anatomiuri sizustiT gadmocema

xdeboda da ara mis transformireba. es problema met-naklebad saxasiaToa zogadad mTe-

li qarTuli monumenturi mrgvali qandakebisTvis im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac xdeba misi

deformireba. qandakebaSi yovelTvis idga akademiuri, anatomiurad proporciuli formis

transformirebis problema Sesabamis myar masalaSi anu misi xelaxali ageba ZiriTadi pro-

porciuli Sefardebebis dacviT, ris meSveobiTac xvdebi, rom es aris ara anatomia, aramed

sur. 7

sur. 11-12-13

10


qandakeba. magram transformirebis problema ufro gamZafrda Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi,

rodesac moxda CarCoebis, dogmebis ngreva anu proporciuli sistemis moxsna da specifi-

kurad wyobiseuli niSnebis gaZliereba. amis naTeli magaliTia catkinis ‘dangreuli roter-

damis~ monumenti (sur. 11, 12, 13). gansxvavebisTvis SevadaroT amaSukelis ‘qarTlis dedas~.

orive moqandake zogadi xasiaTis Temas udgams Zegls – erTSi gamoxatulia protesti

ngrevis mimarT, meoreSi saqarTvelos deda – ideali. miuxedavad aSkara Tematuri gansx-

vavebisa orives axasiaTebs saerTo principi im TvalsazrisiT, rom zogadi ideis gamoxat-

vas emsaxurebian. magram erTi formis transformirebis idealuri variantia sizustiT da

konkretulobiTac ki. meoreSi piriqiT, geometriuli stilizaciis miuxedavad,. akademiuri

proporciuli sistema, Tu formebi mainc gamosWvivis, rac imas niSnavs rom forma ar aris

transformirebuli anu ver moxerxda misi qandakebis enaze gadayvana, proporciuli aka-

demiuri SezRudulobidan ganTavisufleba, ris Sedegadac ver moxerxda mxatvruli saxis

sizustisa da damajereblobis miRweva

SeiZleba moqandakem arsebiTad ar daarRvios

proporciuli Sefardebebi, magram mimarTos plas-

tikuri formis stilizacias, xazovan ritmizacias,

utrirebas magram es ar unda gadavides xelovnuro-

baSi, aramed piriqiT, mxatvruli saxis gaxsnaSi unda

daexmaros. rac naTlad Cans burdelisa da qarTveli

moqandakeebis Sedarebisas (mag. herakle-gorgasali,

mickeviCi-saakaZe) (sur. 14-15, 16-17). stilizacisas

burdeli imdenad axdens formis transformirebas,

ramdenadac mrgvlovan plastiur formas kontrapun-

qtirebas ukeTebs sibrtyovani, garkveuli xasiaTis

ritmSi Casmuli forma, xolo anatomiur formas mi-

vyavarT individualur-saxasiaTo an idealur lamazi

nakvTebis metyvelebisaken. transformirebis amoca-

naa swored proporciuli CarCoebisgan ganTavisu-

flebis momentSi, gaamZafros erTi romelime sawyisi

sur. 14-15-16

sur. 17

11


anu moaSoros is ‘sitkbo~, romelic

axasiaTebs naturalistur formas.

transformirebis mravalgvari

saxe arsebobs: burdelis, muris,

catkinis da a.S. magram yvela SemTx-

vevaSi viRebT axal formas da ara

Zvelisa da axlis ekleqtikur Sex-

amebas. yvela SemTxvevaSi saxeze gva-

qvs kontrapunqtireba, harmoniuli

simdidre. erT SemTxvevaSi catkin-

Tan es emsaxureba eqspresiul amo-

canebs, murTan adamianisa da misi

formebis monumentur warmodgenas,

plastikuri formidan gamomdinare,

romelic ganTavisuflebis Sedegad

saocrad mdidrdeba. burdelTan transformireba amZafrebs saxovanebas.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aradamajerebel stilizaciis da transformacis nacvlad

umjobesi iqneba moqandakem mxatvruli saxe Tundac ufro tradiciul-konservatiuli

midgomiT, proporciuli Sefardebebis dacviT Seqmnas. amis naTeli magaliTia korZaxias

maiakovski, gabaSvilis-kakabaZis Tavi, sadac ZiriTad xerxad gamodis ganzogadeba da mkvrivi

Zerwva riTac miRweulia damajerebloba.

sainteresoa is faqti, rom ideologiuri zewolisagan ganTavisuflebis Semdeg qarTuli

monumenturi qandakebisTvis Zalian Zneli aRmoCnda evropaSi ramdenime aswleulis ganmav-

lobaSi momxdari movlenebis da cvlilebebis erTbaSad aTviseba. amis gamo zogjer xdeboda

evropuli qandakebis miRwevebis calsaxa mibaZva anda gadmoReba. (mag: galaqtioni-balzaki,

kakabaZe-arxipenko, mzeWabuki-daviTi, medea-safo, muza-alegoria (sur. 18-19), da a.S.). xe-

lovnebaSi odiTganve arsebobs tradicia, rodesac Semoqmedi

sxvadasxva mizniT–transformirebis, SemoqmedebiTi Ziebi-

saTvis mimarTavs Zvel ostats da iyenebs mis gamocdilebas.

magram Tu es ‘sesxeba~ organulia, risi uamravi magaliTic

arsebobs msoflioSi. Tu igi mxatvruli saxis miRebas em-

saxureba da ar aris ekleqtikur-meqanikuri, is mxolod

dadebiTi movlenaa da xelovnebis ganviTarebisa erT-erTi

umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria. mag: berZeniSvilis mTielis

Tavi da muris mefis Tavi ‘mefe da dedoflidan~ (sur. 20-21),

oCiauris ‘aRorZineba~ da muris ‘qali~ (sadac mrglovani da

CaWrili formebis e.w. gatexili formis kontrapunqtirebaa)

da .a.S.

ra Tqma unda qarTuli Tanamedrove qandakeba ar war-

moadgens erTgvarovan masas, masSi aris WeSmariti niWiT aR-

beWdili da saintereso namuSevrebi. aris saSualo da dabali

donis qandakebebi, samwuxarod imaze meti vidre amas qalaqi

sur. 18-19

sur. 20

12


itans da am siWarbeSi garkveulwilad kargi qandakebebic

ikargeba. magram Cveni amocana ar yofila am nawarmoebebis

aseTi kuTxiT ganxilva. Cven mxolod vcadeT SevxebodiT

im zogad problematikas, romelic met-naklebad Tavs

iCens yvela nawarmoebSi. WeSmariti kriticizmis gareSe

warmoudgenelia am problemebis daZleva da saerTod

progresi da am TvalsazrisiT qarTuli xelovnebadm-

codneobis winaSe ra Tqma unda farTo areali iSleba.

winamdebare naSromic aris mcdeloba am mimarTulebiT

nabijis gadadgmisa.

sur. 21

13

kulturologia liana mamalaZe-anTelava

liana mamalaZe-anTelava

kulturaTa dialogi me-20 saukunis

qarTul ferweraSi

(firosmanis ~qali ludis kaTxiT" da pikasos ~absentis moyvaruli")

XX saukunis qarTul xelovnebaSi vlindeba ori urTierTsapirispiro tendencia, anu

masSi moqmedebs ori paradigma. erTi gulisxmobs mis siRrmiseul kavSirs dasavleTis kul-

turul sivrcesTan (miuxedavad misgan izolaciisa sxvadasxva istoriul periodebSi), meore

ki aris misi saRrmiseulad da struqturalurad gamovlenili erovnul-istoriuli Zirebi,

romelic aRmosavleT qristianuli xelovnebis tradiciebTanaa dakavSirebuli.

XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze qarTul kulturaSi gaCenili movlena-firosmanis Semoq-

medeba - gansakuTrebuli fenomenia qarTul kulturul cnobierebaSi. es sakiTxi dResac ar

aris bolomde gaSuqebuli, Tumca mas mieZRvna qarTvel da araqarTvel mecnierTa araerTi

gamokvleva, romelTa Sorisaa erast kuznecovis SesaniSnavi monografia, romelic dResac

iwvevs uRrmes pativiscemas da madlierebas misi avtoris mimarT, akademikos vaxtang beriZis

naSromi, giorgi xoStarias saintereso da mniSvnelovani gamokvleva, aseve yuradsaRebi

werili dimitri TumaniSvilisa da mravali sxva.

erast kuznecovi wers: “axal Taobas wilad xvda mis mier aTvisebuli zogadevropuli

kulturuli da Rrma nacionaluri miRwevebis sinTezireba. am Taobis TvalSi firosmanaS-

vili iyo tradiciis cocxali matarebeli da amave dros damajerebeli/sarwmuno mtkiceba

amgvari sinTezis SesaZlo warmatebisa”.1 sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, firosmanis Semoqmedeba

moiazreba rogorc evropuli da qarTuli tradiciuli xelovnebis Sexvedris adgili, maTi

SeerTebis zRvarze gaCenili movlena.

1. aris Tu ara firosmani “Sexvedris adgilze”, SeerTebis zRvarze gaCenili mxatvruli

fenomeni?

2. aris Tu ara igi axali qarTuli xelovnebis damwyebi? da bolos,

3. ra RirebulebaTa sistemis matarebelia firosmanis fenomeni?

SekiTxvaTa am rigze pasuxis gacema Tavisi siRrmiseuli SinaarsiT gulisxmobs qarTuli

kulturuli fenomenis fundamentur Seswavlas da uSualod ukavSirdeba me-20 saukunis

xelovnebis fenomenologiasa da tipologias.

1 Э. Кузнецов. Нико Пиросмани. Ленинград, 1984. gv. 21

14


bunebrivia, Cemi moxsenebis mizani gac-

ilebiT ufro mokrZalebulia. me minda movxazo

sakiTxTa is wre, romelic sakvanZod mesaxeba

axali qarTuli xelovnebis gasaazreblad. day-

enebuli sakiTxebi urTierTgadajaWvulia da

urTierTSemavsebeli.

firosmani arsebobs imave droul

sivrceSi, romelSic ibadeba da viTardeba

dasavluri kulturis iseTi yovlismomcveli

movlenebi, rogoricaa modernizmi da avan-

gardi. modernizmis da avangardis urTierT-

mimarTebis problemas aqvs ramdenime aspeqti.

erTmxriv Tavisi konceptualari ZirebiT re-

alisturi esTetikis kategoriuli uaryofis

TvalsazrisiT avangardi mWidrodaa dakavSire-

buli modernizmTan. amasTan orive movlena

Tavis mxatvrul ganzomilebaSi praqtikulad

warmodgenilia erTi da igive skolebiT: fo-

vizmi, dadaizmi, futurizmi, eqspresionizmi,

siurrealizmi, konceptualizmi da sxv. funqciuri TvalsazrisiT ki avangardizmi SeiZleba

specificirebuli iyos, rogorc socialuri protestis ufro mkveTrad mapedalirebeli,

vidre modernizmi. amasTan, modernizmi, rogorc fenomeni, avangardze gacilebiT ufro

farTo movlenaa, Tavisi SinaarsiTac da socio-kulturuli mniSvnelobiTac.

momdevno msjelobis dros es terminebi gamoyenebuli iqneba azrobrovi da konteqstu-

aluri moTxovnilebis Sesabamisad.

uaxles dasavlur xelovnebasTan firosmans anaTesavebs avangardis iseTi esTetikuri

principebi, rogoricaa:

a) evrocentrizmis uaryofa da kulturis Zlieri orientalizacia;

b) antiimitaciuri ferweris koncefcia, romelmac mxatvruli Semoqmedebis veqtori

mimarTa qvecnobierebis fenomenisaken;

c) avangardisTvis niSneulia orientacia primitiuli an TviTSemoqmedebis “dabal for-

maze”. esec anaTesavebs mas firosmanTan;

d) iseTi tendenciis gaxsna-ganviTareba, rogoricaa gmiris masiuri, inpersonalituri

xasiaTi da Tavad mxatvris mZafrad individualuri, pirovnuli TvalTaxedva;

e) avangardisa da firosmanis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxisaTvis

yuradsaRebia kidev erTi aspeqti. avangardis manifestebi mudmivad apelireben e. w.

“sufTa gonTan” anu iseT gonebasTan, romelic ar iqneba damZimebuli (datvirTuli) konk-

retuli istoriuli normebiT da stereotipebiT. firosmani Tavisufalia dasavluri kul-

turul-istoriuli stereotipisgan;

f) avangardi “mxatvar-demiurgs” akisrebda samyaros Semoqmedis funqcias.

“axali realobis” dabadebaSi mxatvruli mTavar rols mxatvrul Semoqmedebas aniWeb-

15


da. firosmanis Semoqmedeba swored samyaros miseul subieqtur models warmoadgens da

amdenad igi “axali realobis” Semoqmedi mxatvaria. e. kuznecovi wers: “is TiTqos Tavidan

qmnis sagnobriv samyaros“2

g) modernizmis esTetikaSi udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba Semoqmedebis iracionalur

impulss xelovnebis da cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. dasavleTis es mizanswrafva firosman-

isTvis organuli da TavisTavadia;

h) realisturi esTetikis miuRebloba modernizmisaTvis kategoriuli mniSvnelo-

bisaa. firosmanisTvis ki es kulturul-istoriuli realobiT gamowveuli pirobaa;

sakiTxTa am rigis sapirispirod unda dasaxeldes principuli poziciuri winaaRmdegoba

firosmansa da XX saukunis evropul xelovnebas Soris:

1. modernizmSi aqcentirebulia antitradicionalizmi.

2. avangardis mier mkveTradaa pedalirebuli socialuri protesti.

amdenad, miuxedavad erT droul velSi arsebobisa, es mxatvrul-esTetikuri movlenebi

ar arian identurni, rasac gansazRvravs maTi gansxvavebuli msoflmxedveluri safuZveli.

magram orive fenomeni rTuli, araerTgvarovani da mravalaspeqtiania da rig SemTxvevaSi

xdeba maTi calkeuli aspeqtebis gadakveTa, Sexvedra.

avangardi, upirveles yovlisa, aris mxatvrul-esTetikuri cnobirebis reaqcia kacobri-

obis istoriaSi manamde jer ar naxuli masStabebis kulturul-civilizaciuri procesebis

gardatexaze, romelic gamoiwvia XX saukuneSi samecniero-teqnikurma revoluciam.

firosmani avangarduli movlenaa im TvalsazrisiT, rom avangarduli movlenebi axasi-

aTebs mxatvruli kulturis istoriaSi yvela gardamaval periods. firosmani “gardamavali”

mxatvaria.

am sakiTxis konkretuli gaSuqebisaTvis mi-

zanSewonilad miviCnieT firosmanis suraTis

“qali ludis kaTxiT” da pikasos “absentis moyvar-

uli qalis” (1901w.) Sedareba. es arCevani nakarnax-

ebia maTi siuJeturi msgavsebiT. amasTan, Tumca

axalgazrda (20 wlis) pikasos mier Sesrulebul

suraTze ukve aSkaradaa gamovlenili didosta-

ti, am tiloze SeiZleba amoikiTxo me-20 saukunis

iseT mxatvarTa saxviTi wyobis elementTa monaw-

ileoba rogoricaa sezani, van-gogi, gogeni, dega

da tuluz-lotreki - udavod damorCilebuli

pikasos individualobas. es namdvilad bednieri

SemTxvevaa, radganac mowiful pikasosTan firos-

manis Sedareba mizanSewonili ar iqneboda.

orive suraTze gamefebulia martooba. ori

mxatvris yuradReba miiqcia garkveuli social-

uri wris warmomadgenlebma qalebma. sainteresoa,

am sakiTxisadmi erT droul sivrceSi da gansx-

2 Э.Кузнецов. Нико Пиросмани. Ленинград, 1984. gv. 41

16

vavebul socio-kulturul viTarebSi mcxovrebi mxatvrebis mimarTeba.

pikasos “absentis moyvaruli qali” gamosaxulia wiTur-yavisferi tonis oTaxis da

Ria-monacrisfro magidis zedapiris fonze. misi muqi lurj-iisferi figura mkafio kontu-

riTaa moxazuli. figuris kuTxovan sxeulze Semoxveulia uzomod dagrZelebuli xelebis

uzarmazari Zvlovani mtevnebi. figura absoluturad Caketilia. misi mzerac ki ar gamodis

suraTis CarCos miRma. samyarosagan sruli gandgoma. arc sevda, aRarc tkivili, mxolod avi

cinizmis da zizRnarevi ampartavnobis gamometyvelebaa saxeze. am dromde evropul xelovne-

baSi jer arnaxulia msgavsi lakonizmis pirobebSi mxatvruli saxis amgvari ganzogadeba.

qalis saxe daweriliaNnaTeli da bneli sibrtyeebis ubralo (martivi) dapirispirebiT. mx-

olod erTi, mokle StrixiTaa aRniSnuli piris naoWi, romelic imdenad metyvelia, rom masSi

ikiTxeba mTeli ganvlili cxovrebis simZime. warbebidan cxvirze gadasvla sworkuTxovania.

utrirebuli formebis eqspresiiT daxatulia mkveTri da gaqvavebuli, TiTqos gamoSignuli,

Sinaganad srul sicarieleSi myofi adamiani. sicarielis gancdaa gancda martoobisa. sax-

viTi wyobis lakonizmSi, mxatvruli xerxia, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba sasurveli gancdis

gamoxatva. es qali niSania, simbolo XX saukunis dasawyisisa. aq saxezea socialuri protes-

tic, arsebuli sinamdvilis miuReblobac da saocari damangreveli agresiac, romelsac

sicariele badebs.

pikasos xelovneba ngrevis xelovnebaa. suraTs is axasiaTebs rogorc ngrevaTa jams:

“adre suraTi iqmneboda etapobrivad da yoveldRe mas emateboda raRac axali. is, Cveule-

briv, iyo mTeli rigi damatebebis Sedegi. Cemi suraTi _ ngrevaTa mTeli rigis Sedegia. me

vqmni suraTs da Semdeg vangrev mas”. “me mudmivad vgrZnob moTxovnilebas vangrio is, rasac

amgvari jafiT vaSeneb,”3 wers pikaso Tavis Tavze. am ngrevis mizezi ki Sinagani sicarielea,

romlis simbolo, niSania gamosaxuli pikasos suraTze “absentis moyvaruli qali”.

firosmanis “turfa” ki mSvidia, ufro sworad mas bolomde ver gaugia verc Tavisi so-

cialuri roli, verc sulieri mdgomareoba. is aris iseTi, rogoric aris: mSvenieri, mar-

toxela, garindebuli. suraTi eqspresiulia, magram gawonasworebuli. eqspresias xatovani

gadawyveta qmnis. naTeli, mkafio lakonuri kompoziciuri ageba, saxviT xerxTa ostaturi

gamomsaxveloba mSvid, harmoniul ganwyobas badebs. firosmanis “qali ludis kaTxiT”

raRac ararealur, miTiur arsebad aRiqmeba. misi socialuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb mxolod

Cacmuloba migviTiTebs. Zalze “gulaxdili” kaba xazs usvams sxeulis siSiSvles, magram

suraTis mxatvrul-esTetikuri logikiT uxamsobad ar aRiqmeba. gakvriT moniSnulia gare-

mo - baR-restorani, sadac dasaqmebis molodinSi Tavs iqceven amgvari qalebi. informacia

TiTqmis srulad aris mowodebuli, mayurebeli ki bolomde garkveuli ar aris. stereoti-

pebze damyarebuli Cveni cnobiereba Secbunebulia. firosmanis tiloze ar Cans mxatvris

pozicia: mayurebelma ar icis unda gakicxos Tu Seibralos es qali, ar Cans socialuri

pozicia da arc qalis sulieri gancda. firosmani xatavs qals ludis kaTxiT da formis

3 В. Вайдле. Пикассиана. Jurnali “Смена”, 1987. gv. 133.


17

wminda saxviTi metyvelebiT aRwevs sicocxlis gadmocemas tiloze. sul oTxi feris ga-

moyenebiTaa Seqmnili ferweruloba. mkacri lakonizmiT aris gadmocemuli mxatvruli

saxis utyuari sizuste: daxatulia msubuqi yofaqcevis mimzidveli qali. saxezea firos-

manis stilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSani: mouxeSaobis zRvarze myofi daxvewiloba badebs

mSvenierebas, romelic arasdros ar gadadis silamaziT tkbobaSi. am saocar ganzogadebas

firosmanis msoflaRqma qmnis, rasac ver aRwevs pikasos gawafuli da daxelovnebuli os-

tatoba. ganzogadebis mizanmimarTuli mcdelobis miuxedavad, dasavluri xelovneba mainc

ufro konkretuli, calkeuli, individualuria. “me vwer sagnebs ara iseTebad, rogorc maT

vxedav, aramed ise, rogorc maT vicnob”4.pikasos am sityvebSi Cans mTeli avangardis mani-

festi. ase “azrovnebda” da Sesabamisad metyvelebda arqauli xelovnebac. amiT cdilobda

tradiciulobisagan, kulturuli stereotipisagan ganTavisuflebas XX saukune da am gza-

jvaredinze kvlav xvdeba erTmaneTs modernizmi da firosmani. EBA

firosmanis “qali ludis kaTxiT” socialuri realobaa, magram mxolod mxatvrul

obieqtad aRqmuli. is ar aris arc fsiqologiuri gansjis sakiTxi da arc socialuri msj-

elobis sagani. firosmans ainteresebs adamiani da cxovreba zogadad da es aris daxatuli

mis tiloebze.

firosmanis samyaro mTliani, daunawevrebeli harmoniuli esTetikuri mTlianobaa.

magram es ar aris mTlianoba sqemisa (rogorc n.berdiaevi uwodebs “Wadrakis dafis mTliano-

ba”)5, es aris cocxali ganxorcielebuli samyaros mTlianoba. firosmanis suraTi ara sqemis,

ara ideis, aramed xiluli samyaros zeobaa. misi samyaros simrTele, misi msoflmxedvelobis

mTlianobas emyareba. masSi daculia “paritetuli” Tanafardoba individsa da koleqtivs

Soris. es “Soridan xiluli samyaroa”. mxatvari ar uaxlovdeba mas, ar cdilobs mis dif-

erenciacias. individSi mas mxolod garegnuli niSniT msgavseba ainteresebs. fsiqologia

misTvis jer ar gamxdara aqtualuri. adamianuri qmnilebis Sinagani samyaro ki “RvTis nebis

sauflod” ivaraudeba. firosmans individi ainteresebs garegnul gamovlinebaSi, misi yofi-

ereba - tradiciulia. gare samyaro adamianTa myofobis adgilsamyofelia. yvelaferi erTad

ki miTia, miTi cxovrebaze. oRond miTi ara koleqtiuri cnobierebisa, aramed firosmanis

personaluri miTi, samyaros miseuli xedvis individualuri invariantia.

giorgi xoStaria suraTebis mxatvruli formaluri rigis gansakuTrebul ostatobaze

saubrobs, rodesac firosmanis suraTis mxatvrul wyobas adarebs XX saukunis dasavluri

mxatvrobis udides ostatebs. uTuod gasaocaria formis ganzogadeba, mxatvruli saxis

utyuari, konkretuli sizustis SenarCunebiT, saxvis saSualebaTa minimalizaciiT miRweu-

li maqsimaluri saxviTi gamomxatveloba. kompoziciuri metyvelebis arnaxuli lakonizmi,

xSirad mxolod oTxi feris gamoyenebiT saocari ferweruli metyveleba - es da mravali

sxva firosmanis eniseuli gansakuTrebulobaa, raSic is tols ar udebs udides dasavlur

4 В. Вайдле. Пикассиана. Jurnali “Смена”, 1987. gv. 133.5 Н.Бердяев. Пикассо. София, 1914


18

metrebs 6 erast kuznecovi firosmanis epikur-monumentur stilze saubrobs, samyaros “sin-

Tezur-ganzogadebul” aRqmaze, romelic “did formas”, “did stils” ukavSirdeba da antikur

ZirebTan midis: “”Пространственно-композиционные принципы грузинской монументальной живописи, через Византию восходят к античным традициям”7 dimitri TumaniSvili gvian xatweras ukavSirebs firosmanis mxatvrobas da mkafiod ayalibebs misgan gansxvavebul

niSnebs8 mxolod am konkretul mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba gamovyoT firosmanis

fenomenis sami Semadgeneli: XX saukunis dasvleTis xelovnebasTan udavod “naTesauri”

mxatvruli metyveleba, Sua saukuneebis qarTuli monumenturi ferwera, (misi bizantiuri

da ufro siRrmeSi antikuri Zirebi), gviani qarTuli xatwera. rac mTavaria, arc erTi am

debulebaTagani ar aris sadavo. am farTo da mravlismomcvel fenomenze msjelobisas, is

samives moicavbs da maTze kidev ufro farToa.

firosmans xSirad jotos adareben da samarTlianadac. me ki masze fiqrisas momagonda

Zveli arabi poeti muhalhili, romelsac pirvel “cru poetad” moixsenieben wyaroebi, radgan

man pirvelma Seanacvla “namdvil codnas” - “sha’ir”-s gamogonili ambavi. literaturaTm-

codneebi muhalhils pirvel profesional poetad aRiareben.

6 g.xoStaria. azri gamoTqmulia kerZo saubris dros.7 Э.Кузнецов. Нико Пиросмани. Ленинград, 1984. gv. 318 d.TumaniSvili. werilebi, narkvevebi. niko firosmanaSvilis “patara meTevze.” gv. 170 - 196


19

mzia CixraZe

naxati zurab niJaraZis SemoqmedebaSi

zurab niJaraZe mxatvarTa im Taobas ekuTvnis, romelTa Semoqmedebac 1940-iani wlebis

bolos daiwyo. anu misi akademiaSi swavlisa da mxatvrobaSi pirveli nabijebis gadadgmis xana

im periods emTxveva, rodesac qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis realobaSi iseTi “mxatvele bi”

moRvaweobdnen, rogorebicaa sergo qobulaZe, lado grigolia, soso da duda gabaSvile bi.

ra Tqma unda, aseTma mxatvrulma garemocvam ganapiroba misi xatviT daintereseba da mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom zurab niJaraZem samxatvro akademia ferweris ganxriT daamTavra (a.qu-

TaTelaZis xelmZRvanelobiT), mis SemoqmedebaSi naxatma imTaviTve didi adgili dai Wira.

zurab niJaraZe Tavis SemoqmedebaSi intensiurad iyenebs im meTods, romelsac Zalian

zogadad xatvis klasikuri meTodi ewodeba, anu mxatvari Crdil-sinaTliT cdilobs Seqmnas

realuri sagnebis yvelasaTvis gasagebi gamosaxuleba. is xatavs portretebs, niuebs, figu-

rul kompoziciebs... misi mxatvruli Semoqmedebis ganxilvisas cxadi xdeba, rom misi xatvis

meTodi, misi realisturi naxati gansxvavdeba rusuli akademiuri naxatisgan. misi xatvis

meTodika renesansul reliastur naxats eyrdnoba. am ori tipis naxats Soris gansxvaveba

sakmaod didia. mTel rusul saxviT xelovnebas Tavisi ganviTarebis manZilze safuZvlad

udevs, rogorc kargad aris cnobili, rusuli akademiuri naxati. xatvis am meTods Teoriis

saxe misca cnobilma rusma mxatvar-pedagogma Cistiakovma, romelmac Tavisi pedagogiuri

moRvaweobis manZilze detalurad Camoayaliba da praqtikaSi gaatara rusuli akademiuri

naxatis meTodologia. xelovnebis istoriaSi rusuli naxati xSirad moiazreba, rogorc

realisturi, sinamdvileSi ki tipiuri rusuli naxatiT Sesrulebul namuSevrebs aSkara

naturalisturi naxatis kvali azis. xatvis yvela saxelmZRvaneloSi, maT Soris rusulSic,

ganmartebulia Tu rogor sruldeba naxati – garda imisa, rom unda iyos daculi propor-

ciis kanonebi, perspeqtivis kanonebi, aseve aucileblad dgas modelirebis sakiTxi. sagani,

romelsac gamoxatavs mxatvari unda emsgavsebodes realurad arsebul sagans, is unda iyos

gamosaxuli Tavisi proporciuli SefardebebiT da moculobiT. moculoba ki Semdegnairad

miiReba (rogorc amas ganmartavs xatvis yvela ostati, dawyebuli renesansi dan dRemde):

arsebobs sagani, mas aqvs ganaTebuli mxare, aqvs Crdili, aqvs naxevarCrdilebi, dacemuli

Crdili, refleqsi, anu garemos mier areklili sinaTle, romelic refleqsurad aRiqmeba

sagnis meore mxridan, yovelive amis gadmotana sibrtyeze iZleva moculobis STabeWdilebas.

realobaSic sagnis reliefurobas Tvali aRiqvams saganze dacemuli Crdilebisa da sinaT-

lis meSveobiT. saganze realobaSi ganawilebuli Crdilebisa da sinaTlis zusti gadmotana

Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovneba mzia CixraZe

20

sibrtyeze aris akademiuri xatvis

meTodis safuZveli. marTlac, sa-

gnis Crdilis, sinaTlis, refleqsis

gadmoxatviT sibrtyeze miiReba

sagnis reliefuri gamosaxuleba,

magram sagans aqvs kidev “raRac”,

rac marto Crdil-sinaTliT ar

gadmoicema. es aris sagnis forme-

bis realobaSi arsebuli faqizi,

unazesi gadasvlebi, gradaciebi.

yvela mxatvars surs, srulyofilad

gadmosces es gradaciebi, Zalian

zustad gahyves saganze ganawile-

bul simuqeebs da sinaTleebs, raTa

sibrtyeze miRebuli gamosaxu le-

ba rac SeiZleba zustad asaxavdes

sinamdviles. naxatisadmi aseTi

midgoma Zalian kargad gamoixata

frangi mxatvris engris Semoqmede-

baSi. saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom

engris xelovnebam didi gavlena

iqonia rusul mxatvrobaze da ker-

Zod, rusul akademiur naxatze.

sanam rusul da renesansul naxatebs SevadarebdeT, gvinda gavixsenoT erTi mniSvnelo-

va ni movlena, romelsac qarTuli saxviTi xelovnebis realobaSi hqonda adgili. es iyo dava

cnobil qarTvel moqandakeebs niko kandelaksa da iakob nikolaZes ASoris. es dava ki swored

saxviTi azrovnebis sxvadasxvaobaSi iRebs saTaves. nikolaZe, romelic Tavs rodenis mowa-

fed Tvlida, Tavis namuSevrebs Crdilisa da sinaTlis TamaSis safuZvelze agebda. maSin

roca kandelaki, romelic matveevis mowafe iyo, matveevi Semoqmedeba ki rogorc cnobilia,

burdelisa da maiolis xelovnebas eyrdnoboda, am Crdilebisa da sinaTlis gadmotanas

realobidan qandakebaSi kidev umatebda formis analizs. anu moqandake formas ki xedavs

Crdil-sinaTlis meSveobiT, magram am formas is Zerwavs ara mxolod Crdil-sinaTlis, aramed

formis mixedviT. ai, swored aq aris is niuansi, romelic qmnis gansxvavebas renesan sul da

rusul naxats Soris. rusuli naxati kmayofildeba relur saganze ganawilebu li Crdil-

isa da sinaTlis zusti gadmotaniT sibrtyeze, renesansuli naxatisTvis ki es sakmarisi ar

aris. renesansis ostats surs, rom mis naxatSi formebi rac SeiZleba srulyo fi lad iyos

warmodgenili. swored am survilma ganapiroba modilianis gamgzavreba ita liaSi, romelsac

surda Seeswavla renesansuli naxati, raTa Caswvdomoda mis saidumloebas da mieRwia Tavis

SemoqmedebaSi formis srulyofilebisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom modiliani mxatvrad

Camoyalibda qveyanaSi, sadac engri da davidi moRvaweobdnen da maTi namuSevrebi mas Tval-

saCinod yovelTvis hqonda, is mainc irCevs renesansul naxats, e.i. modilianic grZnobda

im gansxvavebas, romelzec Cven mogaxsenebT. am gansxvavebas grZnobs yvela mxatvari, vinc

marine mxeiZis p-ti


21

cdilobs Caswvdes figuris, sagnis Tu portretis gamosaxulebis saidumloebas. zurab niJa-

raZec mudmiv SemoqmedebiT ZiebaSia, raTa miaRwios formisa da Sesabamisad, gamosaxulebis

srulyofilebas. Mxatvari grZnobs, rom renesansuli naxati ufro srulyofilia, vidre

rusuli. rusul akademiur naxatSi mxolod Crdil-sinaTlis fiqsaciaa formis analizis

gareSe, renesansul naxatSi ki formis analizia, anu mxatvari marto Crdil-sinaTleze ki

ar fiqrobs, aramed formis analizidan gamomdinare Crdil-sinaTliT qmnis gamosaxulebas

sibrtyeze. da metic, rogorc fotoaparati ar fiqrobs formaze da ise afiqsirebs mas, ise

rusi mxatvari ar fiqrobs modelis formebze, meqaniku rad gadmoaqvs sibrtyeze TvaliT aR-

qmuli Crdilebisa da sinaTlis ganawileba am formebze da ase iRebs moculobebs sibrtyeze.

ra Tqma unda es ar Seexeba yvela konkretul mxatvarsa Tu namuSevars, magram zogadi suraTi

rusuli naxatisa swored aseTia. zogierTi rusi mxatvris namuSevrebi gamoirCeva farTo,

didi nasmebiT, Tavisufali weris maneriT, magaliTad, serovis “Saliapinis portreti”,

magram miuxedavad am monasmebisa aq forma ar ikiTxeba. XX saukunis mxatvrebma swored am

Tavisufali monasmebis silamaze dainaxes da calmxrivad ganaviTares am nasmebis Tavisu-

fleba da esTetizmi. am gzam ki isini sabolood abstraqciamde miiyvana, anu isini sabolood

daSordnen realistur naxats.

zurab niJaraZes ar akmayofilebs mxolod abstraqtuli forma, mas surs Seqmnas iseTi

naxati, sadac formac iqneba, esTeturad momxiblavi, mxatvrulad srulyofili kompozi-

ciac da mxatvruli saxis xasiaTic. swored amitom irCevs is Tavisi naxatis safuZvlad

renesansul naxats, ufro zustad ki, sxvadasxva “variacias renesansuli naxatis Temaze”.

xatavs ra realisturad, mxatvari xmarobs xatvis klasikur, renesansul meTods, misi xatvis

principebi momdinareobs renesansis iseTi klasikosebisgan, rogorebicaa: piero dela fran-

Ceska, botiCeli, rafaeli, leonardo da vinCi... Tumca niJaraZis mier gamoyenebuli xatvis

klasikuri meTodebi mainc saxecvlilia. niJaraZe rCeba ra Tanamedrove mxatvrad, is araso-

des ar aris Tanamedroveobis konteqstidan amovardnili, Sesabamisad, misi SemoqmedebiTi

xerxebi yovelTvis damorCilebulia Tanamedrove xatvisa da ferweris zogad principebs.

safuZveli ki, romelsac niJaraZe eyrdnoba Tavis naxatSi Semdegia: roca mxatvari qmnis gamo-

saxulebas sibrtyeze, is iyenebs Crdils, sinaTles, refleqss, anu rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,

im klasikur gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs, riTac sargeblobs yvela mxatvari, vinc xatavs

sibrtyeze CrdiliTa da naTeliT. e.i. mxatvari qmnis kon struqcias, agebs sagans, figuras

an portrets, icavs proporcias da akeTebs am gamosa xu le be bis modelirebas. ase iqmneba

sagnis gamosaxuleba saxatav sibrtyeze. xatvis am cnobil meTods mravali mxatvari iyenebs,

gansxvaveba maT Soris damokidebulia mxatvris temperamentze, midrekilebasa da niWze.

zurab niJaraZe Tavisi Semoqmedebis did gzaze xatavs, rogorc figurebs, portretebs,

ise mravalfigurian kompoziciebs, akeTebs Canaxatebs, eskizebs, wignis gaformemebs da a.S.

mis SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili uWiravs portretebs da SiSvel figurebs, romlebsac is

asrulebs rogorc ferSi, ise fanqarSi (aseve xmarobs naxSirs, souss, sanginas). misi xatvis

Tavisebureba gamoixateba SemdegSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, xatvis klasikuri meTodis gam-

oyenebisas mxatvari mimarTavs erTgvar, gadauWarbebel stilizacias. es stilizacia ar aris

aSkarad gamoxatuli, iseTi vTqvaT, rogorc modilians aqvs, aramed es aris “gemovne biani”

xazebisa da formebis harmoniuli erTobiT Seqmnili mxatvruli gamosaxule ba. mxatvari

cdilobs, rom naxats Seuqmnas erTgvari plastiuri riTmi, daumorCilos raRac denadobas,


22

silamazes. misi naxatebi umetesad “lamazad” Sesrulebulia, Tumca aris gamonaklisebic.

magaliTad, misi adreuli portretebidan o.ioselianis, v.kotetiSvilis portreti. miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom am ukanasknelSic modelirebis Suq-Crdilovani meTodia gamoyenebuli, mainc

sakmaod mZlavrad gamoZerwili formebia warmodgenili. qalebis portretebSi mxatvari

mimarTavs formis gamartivebas. aq is Crdil-sinaTles Zunwad xmarobs, ris gamoc gamosax-

uleba simkvrives kargavs, magram masTan es erTgvar mxatvrul xerxadac iqceva. saerTod,

zurab niJaraZisTvis damaxasiaTebelia is rom, maSinac ki, roca misi gamosaxuleba mkvrivad

naZerwia, magaliTad, mis adreul figurebSi, StudiebSi, es simkvrive mainc zomierad aris

gamoxatuli da is arasodes xazgasmuli, utrirebuli ar aris. aqve SevniSnavT, rom zogierT

mis portretSi amoikiTxeba antikuri naxatis niSnebic (vgulisxmobT, faiumis portretebs).

zurab niJaraZe Tavis portretebSi TiTqmis yovel Tvis iZleva gamosaxuli pirovnebis

Sinagan ganwyobas, mis fsiqologiur daxasiaTebas (mag. oTar WilaZis portretSi). ase, rom

mxatvrulobis TvalsazrisiT, miRebuli Sedegi cxadia. magram rodesac vakvirdebiT mxat-

vris mTel Semoqmedebas, vrwmundebiT, rom is mudmiv ZiebaSia, misi mxatvruli xerxebi mis-

aRwevi miznebidan gamomdinare sul icvleba. zurab niJaraZis Semoqmedebas aseve Tan sdevs

figuris gamosaxvis problemac. es is mudmivi problemaa, romelic TiTqmis yvela mxatvars

awvalebs. am Ziebis gzaze, niJaraZe Tavis bolodroindel namuSevrebSi TiTqos ukan ixevs,

anu is srulyofilad aRar Zerwavs formebs. mxatvari TiTqos cdilobs gaeqces Suq-Crdi-

lovani modelirebiT miRebuli gamo-

saxulebis fotografiulobas, amitom

is naxats bolomde aRar asrulebs

da mxatvruli efeqtis misaRwevad,

gamosaxulebis calkeul nawilebSi

is tovebs, vTqvaT, marto konturs an

Zalian Zunwad akeTebs Crdil-sinaT-

liT, vTqvaT, mkerds an saxes, danarCen

nawilebs ki mxolod konturulad as-

rulebs. es, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

misi mxatvruli xerxia. mxatvari naxatis

Sesrulebis aseT gzas irCevs, radganac,

roca is ufro Rrmad midis Suq-Crdi-

lovani modelirebis gzaze da zedmiw-

evniT zustad xatavs calkeul detals,

iRebs fotografiul naxats, romelic,

rogorc Cans mas ar akmayofilebs, ro-

melsac is Sinaganad mudmivad gaurbis.

z. niJaraZes surs Seqmnas real-

isturi gamosaxuleba. is iswrafvis

adamianis portretis, figuris mxat-

vruli saxis gamosaxvisas Caswvdes misi

formebis plastikas, silamazes, xasi-

aTs. iyenebs ra, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT,

roza kasraZis p-ti


23

Crdil-sinaTlis klasikur meTods, savarau dod, is awydeba naturalizmis problemas da

sxvadasxva mxatvruli xerxebis gamoyenebiT eZebs am problemidan gamosavals da cdilobs

miaRwios sasurvel Sedegs.

Tu Cven SevadarebT renesansul da antikur naxatebs, davinaxavT, rom berZnuli mxatv-

robis meTodi gansxvavdeba yovelive zemoT Tqmulisgan, aq muqi da naTeli sibrtyis Tvise-

bebis gaTvaliswinebiT aris naxmari, sadac sibrtyeze dadebuli muqi feri ukan midis da

naTeli win, xolo Crdil-sinaTle mxolod konkretuli momentis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyene ba.

niJaraZe, rasakvirvelia, grZnobs antikuri naxatis mxatvrul Rirebulebas da rogorc ukve

vTqviT, zogierT Tavis portretSi, magaliTad, r.kasraZis portretSi, is qmnis mxat vrul

saxes, romelic mogvagonebs kidec faiumis portretebs, magram es mxolod garegnuli efeq-

tia, sinamdvileSi zurab niJaraZis midgoma, misi xatvis principebi sruliad sxvanairia, anu

meTodi sxva aris da miswrafeba ki sxva.

yvela mxatvari, romelic realistur naxats qmnis, imavdroulad cdilobs Seqmnas mxat-

vruli nawarmoebi, romelic esTetiurad momxiblavi iqneba. mSvenierebis gancdis miRweva

naxatSi sakmaod rTuli fenomenia. mxolod fotografiuli msgavseba am gancdas ver qmnis. ra

Tqma unda, Tavad fotografias aqvs Tavisi esTetika, Tavisi momxibvleloba, magram es sxva

sferoa, romelic absoluturad gansxvavdeba namdvili naxatisagan. mxolod fotografi-

ulad Sesrulebuli naxati ar iZleva mSvenierebis gancdas, is ver qmnis esTetiurobas. es

pirvel rigSi imiT aris gamowveuli, rom aseT naxatSi ar aris gamoynebuli saxviTi masalis

specifika, misi Taviseburebani. saxatavi masala aris sibrtye, muqi da naTeli laqa. amrigad,

sibrtye, masze muqi da naTeli laqebiT unda gadaiqces iseT harmoniad, romelic Seqmnis ga-

mosaxulebas da es gamosaxuleba imavdroulad iqneba esTetiurad mSvenieri. aq gvaxsendeba

iaponuri xelovneba, sadac sibrtyeze mxolod konturiT iqmneba gamosaxuleba da am kon-

turis simZafriT miiRweva mxatvruli efeqti. anu es aris iaponuri xelovnebis mxatvruli

xerxi. z.niJaraZis naxatSic, sadac mxatvari bolomde ar akeTebs modelirebas da xmarobs

mkveTr konturs naxatisTvis xasiaTis, mxatvruli efeqtis misacemad. aseTi midgoma mis

mxatvrul xerxad gadaiqceva.

z. niJaraZis bolodroindel namuSevrebSi kargad Cans, rom mxatvari eZebs mxatvrul xe-

rxebs da gamosaxvis gzebs, riTac Seqmnis misTvis sasurvel mxatvrul saxes da Tanac miaRwevs

maqsimalur mxatvrul efeqts. am dros Seqmnili misi torsebi mogvagonebs miqelanjelos

torsebs, romlisTvisac mTlianoba da imavdroulad zusti gamoZerwva iyo mTavari prob-

lema. es problema kargad Cans mis “pieta rondaniniSi”, sadac is aRar Zerwavs detalebs. Tu

Tavisi Semoqmedebis dasawyisSi miqelanjelo, mag. “daviTSi”, sxeulis yvela nawils zedmiwev-

niT detalurad gadmoscems, Semdeg is xvdeba, rom detalebi unda damorCildes mTlianobas

da amitom bolos is sruliad ambobs uars am detalebze. sxvagvar midgomasTan gvaqvs saqme

berZnul qandakebaSi. iq detali da mTlianoba srul harmoniaSia da sxeulis yoveli nakvTi

erTiani riTmis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens, ufro metic mTeli gansazRvravs nawils,

xolo calkeuli detalebis harmoniuli mTlianoba ki nawar moe bis sarTo xasiaTs qmnis. zu-

rab niJaraZesTanac aris aseTi mTlianobis problema. is moxiblulia detaliT, simarTliT,

magram rogorc ki iwyebs am simarTlis gadmocemas, iyenebs ra akademiuri xatvis meTods, is

uciloblad dgeba fotografiuli naxatis problemis winaSe da rogorc zemoT mogaxseneT,

aq iwyeba am saSiSroebis daZlevis mcdelobebi da im mxatvruli meTodebisa da xerxebis Zieba,


24

romlebzedac Semdgom gveqneba saubari.

ganvixiloT zurab niJaraZis erT-erTi adreuli naxati – “c. ciciSvilis portreti”,

Sesrulebuli 1958 wels. es aris Zalian tradiciuli kompozicia. axalgazrda qalis Tavi

mTlianad avsebs sasuraTe sibrtyes, odnav Cans mxrebis nawili. e.i. mTeli yuradReba kon-

centrirebulia saxeze. saxe modelirebulia Crdilisa da sinaTlis, proporciebis zusti

dacviT. mxatvari zedmiwevniT zustad gadmoscems axalgazrda qalis odnav win wamoweul

tuCebs, wagrZelebuli, nuSiseburi formis Tvalebs da a.S. es aris dakvirvebuli, yuradre-

biani qalis saxe, romlis mzerac mayureblisken aris mimarTuli. cxadia, mxatvars surda

am adamianis ara marto garegnuli msgavsebis, aramed misi xasiaTis zustad gadmoce ma.

da marTlac, aq mxatvari Crdil-sinaTlis meSveobiT akeTebs saxis gamosaxulebas, sadac

sruliad gamokveTili xasiaTic aris mocemuli. igive meTodiT aris daxatuli mzia baqraZis

portreti (1955w.) pasteliT qaRaldze zustad aris gadmocemuli modelis Tmebis faqtura,

saxis siTeTre, naTelisa da muqis urTierTdamokidebuleba. aqac mxatvari Crdil-sinaTlis

meSveobiT zedmiwevniT zustad gadmoxatavs naturidan, sadac igi gadmoscems msgavsebasac

da modelis xasiaTsac. imave periodSia Sesrulebuli manana xidaSelis portretic (1977w).

sadac mxatvari aseve Crdil-sinaTliT akeTebs kompoziciis TiToeul detals, axalgazrda

qalis Tavi, romelic nazad aris daxrili, kiserTan erTad kompoziciis plastiur xazs qmnis

da mTeli kompoziciac garkveul silamazes iZens. mxatvari zustad icavs Crdil-sinaTlisa

da perpeqtivis kanonebs. magaliTad, is xatavs Tvalebs, sadac erTi Tvali, romelic mayure-

blisgan ufro axloa, SedarebiT didia meore Tvalze, yuric metismeti gulmodgine biT

zustad aris gadmoxatuli. marcxena Rawvze Crdili Sors midis, maSin roca nikapi da saxis

Sua nawili, romelic naTeli laqebiT aris aRniSnuli, win aris gamoweuli. Tu Cven imdroin-

del naxatebs SevadarebT Semdgomi periodisas, davinaxavT ra evolucia ganicada mxatvris

Semoqmedebam. ganvixiloT 1973 wels Sesrulebuli kobiaSvilis portreti. aq baqraZis da

ciciSvilis portretebisgan gansxvavebiT foni ar aris ise dapirispirebuli gamosaxule-

basTan, rom tonaloba gadmosces, magram samagierod, kompoziciaSi CaerTo Zalian Zlieri

konturi. mxatvars surs, rom formis is sirbile, rac baqraZisa da ciciSvi lis porteretbSia,

Secvalos mkvrivi, Weduri formebiT. aq aSkarad Cans, rom mas unda “renesansuli” portretis

gakeTeba, sadac formebis simkvrive da gamosaxulebis sizuste urTierTSerwymuli iqneba.

amitom is kompoziciaSi mZafri, Zlieri konturis gamoyenebiT qmnis qandakebasaviT naWed

gamosaxulebas. rbili, gacrecili formebi icvleba mkveTri, garkveuli formebiT. mTlianad

kompozicias medalis, monetis faqtura aqvs. Tavad gamosaxulebaSi modelTan konkretuli

msgavseba cota ukan ixevs, magram win aris wamoweu li, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, gamosaxulebis

erTi saSualeba – simkvrive. magram zurab niJa ra Ze erT konkretul mxatvrul xerxze ar

Cerdeba, is cdilobs sxvadasxva gzebiT wavides, mo Zeb nos sxvadasxva gamomsaxvelobiTi

saSualeba miznis misaRwevad.

gedevaniSvilis portretSi (1973w) mxatvari Zerwavs saxes, sadac saxe odnav gamuqebu lia.

aqac medalionis msgavsi kompoziciaa mocemuli, magram mxatvari aq aRar akeTebs iseT Zlier

konturs, rogorc kobiaSvilis portretSi hqonda. am SemTxvevaSi is mimarTavs gul da smiT

modelirebas, ris gamoc gamosaxuleba odnav gadaWarbebulad muqi xdeba da aqac erTgvari

pirobiToba Semodis. Tmas mxatvari TiTqmis daumuSavebels tovebs, mxolod riT mu li Strix-

ebiT aRniSnavs mas da kompoziciaSi amiT raRac bundovaneba, burusi Semoaqvs, romelic Tavis


25

mxriv mxatvrulobis efeqts iZleva. igive midgomasTan gvaqvs saqme 1972 wels Sesrulebul

“qalis portretSi”. aqac zurab niJaraZe cdilobs, rom gaaesTetu ros, gaam xat vru los,

gaalamazos gamosaxuleba.

1974 wels Sesrulebul rexviaSvilis portretSi mxatvari iyenebs mkveTrad dapirispi re-

bul Crdil-sinaTles, odnav muqi CrdilebiTa da naTeliT is akeTebs saxis modelirebas. ma-

ma kacis saxe odnav Camuqebulia da amiT mxatvari kvlav qmnis kompoziciis mxatvrul efeqts.

Tengiz maRalaSvilis portretSi (1975w) mxatvari sruliad garkveulad akeTebs romaeli

imperatorebis portretebis msgavs kompozicias. Zalian mkveTrad gamoyofili profiliT,

romelic mkacrad xazgasmulia konturiT da Zalian mkvrivad naWedi formebiT, Tmis varcx-

nilobac ise aris gamosaxuli, rom masSi dafnis gvirgvinis msgavsic ki isaxeba. am xerxiT

mxatvari xazs usvams gamosaxuli pirovnebis mniSvnelovanebasa da pompezurobas. portreti

mogvagonebs sergo qobulaZis dante alegieris portrets. romelsac hgavs ara marto ga-

mosaxuli mamakacis poza, aramed naxatis Sesrulebis manerac. aq mxatvari zogierT de tals

magaliTad, Tvals, yurs sruliad aRar xatavs, misTvis mniSvneloba aqvs mTliano bas da ga-

mosaxulebis saerTo xasiaTs. detali mas mxolod mTlianobis riTmul elementad sWirdeba,

amitom is maqsimalurad anzogadebs formebs da qmnis mkvriv, mkveTrad naWed ga mo sa xu lebas.

Tamriko sarCimeliZis portreti (1976w). axalgazrda qalis am portretSi mxatvari ga mo-

sa xulebis siluets da detalebs aseve konturiT aRniSnavs, magram am SemTxvevaSi konturi

aRar aris iseTi Zlieri, rogorc vTqvaT, maRalaSvilis an kobiaSvilis portre tebSi. esec

mxatvris mier gamoyenebuli erTgvari mxatvruli xerxia. mTel kompozicias odnav xaverdo-

vani struqturuli zedapiri aqvs da Sesabamisad, iqmneba burusis STabeWdi le ba, romelsac ar

arRvevs es faqizi konturi. is mxolod aqcentirebas akeTebs kompozi ciis calkeul nawilebze

da imavdroulad, es momrgvalebuli, denadi xazebi mTeli kompo zi ciis riTmul JReradobas

qmnis. miuxedavad imisa, rom aqac konkretuloba odnav Serbi le bu lia, mxatvruli saxe mainc

sruliad konkretuli fsiqologiuri xasiaTis matarebe lia. anu Cvens winaSe warmodgenilia

Cafiqrebuli, sevdiani, seriozuli axalgazrda qalis port reti, romlis Tvalebic TiTqos

ganzogadebul sevdas da SeiZleba iTqvas, SiSsac ki gamoxataven.

1980 wels Sesrulebul oTar WilaZis portretSi mxatvari aRar xmarobs konturul

xazs. mas unda, rom gaakeTos simkvrive, unda SeinarCunos mTlianoba da amitom ar gamoxa-

tavs calkeul detals. magaliTad, konkretulad Tvals aRar gamosaxavs, mas Zalian rbilad

akeTebs, da cdilobs, rom saerTo moculoba Seqmnas da mSvenivradac aRwevs am mizans. Tumca

mxatvari aq sxva amocanis winaSe dgeba – mxatvruli saxis xasiaTi cota ikargeba.

nino gordelaZis portretSi (1981) mxatvars konturic Semoaqvs odnav burusian formeb-

Si da iqmneba iseTi STabeWdileba, rom konturuli xazebi TiTqos zed adevs am formebs.

formebs, romlebsac ar aqvT gamoxatuli simkvrive (rogorc es aris kobiaSvilis an maRal-

aSvilis portretebSi), radgan qalis xasiaTs es naklebad uxdeba, magram TviTon saxasiaTo

detalebi mxatvars unda rom daxatos, amitom nikapic, cxviric, Tvalic xazgasmu lad kon-

turulia. anu aq aris zogadisa da konkretulis erTian mTlianobaSi gaerTianebis mcdeloba.

e.i. mxatvari kvlav ZiebaSia da es ganuwyveteli Zieba Tan axlavs mTel mis Semoqmedebas. mas,

rogorc manaTobeli Suqura win udgas natura, realoba da is eWideba am realobis gamosaxvis

amocanas, am amocanebis gadaWrisas is sargeblobs zemoT CamoTvlili mxatvruli xerxebiT.

xelovnebis istorikosis elena zingeris SefasebiT, zurab niJaraZe Tavis SemoqmedebaSi


26

iyenebs “xerxebis improvizirebul mravalferovnebas”. am azrs Cven ver daveTanxmebiT,

radganac migvaCnia, rom niJaraZesTan mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba-gamoyeneba yovelTvis gaaz-

rebuli da mizanmimarTulia da ara improvizirebuli, TavisTavad mosuli.

igive damokidebulebas vxvdebiT mis naturebSi, StudiebSi. biWi CitiT (1955w.). kompozi-

ciaSi gadmocemulia biWis SiSveli natura Zalian msubuqi modelirebiT. am namuSevarSi

esTetizmis niSnebi aSkarad iCens Tavs. zogierTi detali, magaliTad Tavi, xazgasmulad

mimqrqalad aris gamosaxuli. marTalia, mxatvari aqac iyenebs konturul xazebs, ris gamoc

mTeli sxeuli TiTqos gamokveTilad ikiTxeba fonze, magram Sida modelirebas, formebs,

niJaraZe Zalian msubuqad akeTebs. mxatvars am naxatSic iseTi xaverdovani struqturuli

zeda piri aqvs Seqmnili, romelic bundovanebas aZlevs gamosaxulebas da Sesabamisad, esTe-

tiz mis efeqti miiReba.

Mmjdomare SiSveli natura (1979w.), SiSveli (1979w.), niu (1979w.)... am namuSevrebSi qalis

sxeuli aris gamosaxuli. samive kompoziciaSi mxatvari irCevs specialur, rTul pozebs,

romlebSic qalis sxeulis plastika da misi silamaze lamaz kompoziciur mTlianobas Se-

qmnis. am figurebSic mxatvari Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiTa da siluetebis konturuli

aRniSvniT qmnis plastiur mTlianobas. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi es mTlianoba, figurebis

detaluri damuSavebis gamo cota irRveva, magram sxeulis sisavsis SegrZneba da misi plas-

tika TiTqmis yovelTvis gadmocemulia.

calke gamovyofT z.niJaraZis feradovan, pastelSi Sesrulebul naxatebs. margarita

CxeiZis (1975 w.) portreti - es aris feradovani kompozicia, sadac saerTo tonaloba odnav

daweulia, gamosaxuleba odnav stilizebulia, saxe, romelic TiTqmis mTlianad avsebs sa-

suraTe sibrtyes, Zalian rbilad aris modelirebuli. aqac da liziko gabunias portretSic

(1967w.) mxatvari isev profilSi warmodgenil gamosaxulebas mimrTavs. mxolod fanqarSi

Sesrulebuli msgavsi kompoziciis mqone (medalionis msgavsi) naxatebis gan gansxvavebiT,

aq z.niJaraZe formaTa Zalian rbil, faqiz modelirebas akeTebs.

oTar ioselianis portretSi (1978 w.) mxatvari fonisa da saxis feradovnebis dapirispi-

re biT, saxis Suq-Crdilovani modelirebiT Zerwavs saxes. formebi aqac odnav burusSia,

maT simkvrive akliaT. magram mxatvari moyavisfro-mooqrosfro feriT Sesrulebul ga-

mosaxulebas umorCilebs sasuraTe sibrtyes da SesaniSnavad aRwevs mxatvrul mTliano bas.

modelis xasiaTi am namuSevarSic, ise rogorc TiTqmis yvela mis portretSi, kargad aris

gadmocemuli. reJisoris fiqriani, dakvirvebuli mzera, dinji, Cafiqrebuli, odnav kiTxva-

narevi gamometyveleba am mxatvrul saxeSi aSkarad ikiTxeba. zurab niJaraZe aqac mxatvrul

xerxad iyenebs erTiani burusiT mocul formebs. es misi mxatvrul-esTetikuri mig ne baa,

romelic am SemTxvevaSi kompoziciis mxatvruli mTlianobis miRwevis ZiriTad xerxad

iqceva. Cvens mier ganxiluli masalidan kargad Cans, Tu rogor eZiebs Tavisi Semoqme de bis

gzaze zurab niJaraZe zemoT CamoTvlil mxatvrul xerxebs, vnaxeT, Tu rogor iyenebs is

Suq-Crdilovani modelirebis meTods mxatvruli saxis Sesaqmnelad, Semdeg rogor Semoaqvs

konturuli xazebi kompoziciaSi, Semdeg mimarTavs kompoziciis gaburuse bas, zog SemTxveva-

Si ki meti mxatvruli efeqtisa da mTlianobis misaRebad, feradovani gaburusebac Semoaqvs

kompoziciaSi. yovelive es imaze metyvelebs, rom zurab niJaraZe, mudam ZiebaSia, is eZebs

esTetizmis, mxatvrulobis gzebs. aseve ikveTeba, rom mxatvars awu xebs faiumis portretebis

simarTle da maTi gamomsaxveloba. es, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, kargad Cans roza kasraZis


27

portretSi, sadac adrindeli portretebis konkretuloba dakargulia, magram Semodis ax-

ali xerxi -xazgasmuli stilizeba. am etiudurad Sesrule bul suraTSi gamosaxulia Txeli,

nazi qali, romelsac TiTqos specialurad gadidebuli Tmis masa aqvs gamosaxuli Tavze,

raTa xazi gaesvas misi saxis sinatifes. am portretSi gamoyenebulia rbili modelireba,

rac gansxvavebulia faiumis portretebisgan. aramkvrivi formebi TiTqos bambisgan aris

gakeTebuli da am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs isic, rom mxatvari gamosaxulebas cxvirze,

loyaze, Rawvze, tuCze adebs TeTri carcis laqebs.

aRniSnul nawarmoebSi SesaniSnavad aris miRweuli kompoziciis erTianoba, gadmocemu-

lia axalgazrda qalis gamometyveleba, misi saocrad nazi qaluroba. aq gamoyenebulia

esTetizmis kidev erTi gza – stilizaciis gza. mxatvari gaurbis im sizustes, rac mas ci-

ciSvilis portretSi hqonda, gaurbis im simkvrives, rac kobiaSvili portretSi hqonda, ar

iyenebs im konturul monaxazs, rac maRalaSvilisa Tu goredlaZis poretretebSi hqon da.

magram mxatvars awuxebs ra silamazis Seqmnis problema da imave dros simarTlis gadmo ce mis

problema, is kompoziciis SigniT formebs Crdil-sinaTliT Zerwavs, ase gamosaxu li formebi

rbilad modelirebulia, rac, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, sruliad ucxoa faiumis portretebi-

saTvis, sadac formebi xazgasmulad mkvrivi da xelSesaxebia. xolo saerTo estetizmiTa da

xasiaTisa Tu garegnuli simarTlis gadmocemis surviliT “kasraZis portreti” swored rom

faiumis portretebs mogvagonebs.

mravalfigurian kompoziciebSi mxatvris midgoma igive rCeba, rac erTfigurianebSi. Tu

SevadarebT ukve ganxilul kompozicias – “biWi CitiT” da orfigurian namuSevars “axalgaz-

rda wyvili CitiT” davinaxavT, rom orive nawarmoebSi mxatvari erTnairi gulmo dgi ne biT

akeTebs figuraTa modelirebas. faqtobrivad, is gadmoixatavs realurad arsebul formebs

sibrtyeze. gansxvaveba mxolod imaSia, rom or da metfigurian kompozi ciebSi niJaraZe ufro

metad mimarTavs sasuraTe sibrteze gamosaxuli formebis gabundo va ne bas. es kargad Cans

mis mier 1980 wels Sesrulebul namuSevarSi “qali saxedarze”, sadac formebi Zlivs ikiTxeba

mTlianad bindiT moculi suraTis zedapiris qveS. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom mouxedavad

aseTi damokidebulebisa, sasuraTe sibrtyeze warmodgenili formebi mainc modelirebu-

lia, gansakuTrebiT ki qalis figura, romlis gaberili sxeulis nawilebi ufro mkveTrad

ikiTxeba, vidre saxedrisa, romelzec is aris Semomjdari. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom arc

erT kompoziciaSi arc “axalgazrda wyvili CitiT” da miT umetes arc “qali saxedarze”

sxeulis formebs ara aqvT simkvrive, xelSesaxebiToba. es ukanaskneli kompozicia imdenad

bundovani da arastruqturulia, rom miraJs emsgavseba. qalisa da saxedris gamosaxule-

bebis win Zlivs ikiTxeba biWunas Txeli, TiTqmis gamWvirvale firura, romelic aseve Cveni

warmosaxvis nayofs ufro hgavs, vidre kompoziciaSi realurad warmodgenil gamosaxule-

bas. saerTod, mTeli suraTi dekoratiulobiT gamoirCeva. mxatvari yovelTvis cdilobs

mis mier gamoyenebuli nebismieri mxatvruli xerxiT Seqmnas esTetizmisa da dekoratiuli

silamazis STabeWdileba. yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli imis Tqmis saSualebas gvaZlevs, rom

zurab niJaraZis winaSe mravalfiguriani kompoziciebis Seqmnisas uciloblad wamoiWreba

erTi problema, mxatvari cxadad grZnobs im gansxvavebis aucileblobas, rac erTfigurian

da mravalfigurian kompoziciebs Soris unda iyos. is xvdeba, rom erTfiguriani kompozicia

ufro detalur damuSavebas moiTxovs, vidre mravalfiguriani, magram misi xatvis principi

yvela SemTxvevaSi igive rCeba – Suq-Crdilo va ni modelirebiT formebis gadmoxatva sasu-


28

raTe sibrtyeze. xolo zemoT miniSnebuli gansxvavebis danaklisis Sevsebas mxatvari ukve

aRniSnuli gabundovanebis gziT cdilobs.

amdenad, zurab niJaraZis SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili uWiravs naxats. wlebis ganmavlo-

baSi mxatvari Tavis SemoqmedebaSi cdilobs gadaWras mxatvrobis ganviTarebis problemebi,

gaeqces akademiuri naxatis im Tvisebebs, romelTac xSirad CixSi SehyavT Semoqmedi. is mud-

mivad aRniSnuli problemebis gadaWris gzebis ZiebaSia da sxvadasxva mxatvruli xerxebis

gamoyenebiT aRwevs kidec dasaxul mizans. Sesabamisad, zurab niJaraZe qmnis sain te reso da

gansakuTrebul mxatvrul samyaros, romelic Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvrobis mniSvnelo-

van nawils warmoadgens.


29

xaTuna xabuliani

ekologiuri Temebi da Taamedrove

qarTuli xelovneba

Temis saTauri sakmaod akademiurad JRers, Tumca SeuZlebeli iqneba misi akademiuri

formatiT ganviTareba, radgan Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi TiTqmis ar aris ekologi-

isa da xelovnebis TanamSromlobis dasrulebuli precedenti.

saqarTveloSi muSaoben mxatvrebi, romlebic ekologiur motivebs mimarTaven Ta-

vianT namuSevrebSi, an iyeneben organul masalebs, magram es Tema jerjerobiT arcerTi

mxatvrisTvis ar qceula seriozuli kvlevisa, Tu inspiraciis sagnad.

Tu tradiciul qarTul ferweras gavixsenebT, ganyenebuli ekologiuri Temebi mx-

atvrobaSi ufro esTetizirebulia da landSafti, Tu naturmorti koloritul amocanebs

daqvemdebarebul rols asrulebs. klasikur magaliTad rCeba firosmanis tiloebi calkeu-

li cxovelebis gamosaxulebebiTa, Tu peizaJebiT.. aseve, daviT kakabaZis konceftualuri

landSaftebi. sabWoTa periodis mxatvrobaSi bunebis Tema ZiriTadad neitraluri TavSesaf-

ris rols asrulebda, sadac avtorebi eridebodnen sakamaTo Temebs da Tavs ufro daculad

grZnobdnen.

am werilis Tema ZiriTadad dReisaTvis aqtualur xelovnebas exeba, sadac avtore-

bi Tanamedrove teqnikasa da mediumebs iyeneben. Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovnebis zogad

tendenciebze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom isini nawilobriv ganisazRvreba post totalitaruli

qveynebis kulturuli situaciis zogadi maxasiaTeblebiT, Tumca, arsebobs garkveuli

specifiuri niSnebic. saqarTveloSi konceftualuri xelovnebiT daintereseba perestroi-

kis periods ukavSirdeba da es interesi dasavluri kulturis gacnobis survilsa da am

kulturis vizualur niSanTa sistemasTan identifikaciisaken swrafvas ufro gamoxatavda,

vidre mxatvarTa mxridan TviTrealizaciis aucileblobas. dReisaTvis situacia SedarebiT

Seicvala gamomdinare ukve miRebuli gamocdilebidan, ganviTarebuli kontaqtebidan da

mravali TanamSromlobiTi regionaluri, Tu saerTaSoriso proeqtidan.

proeqti ekotopia iZleva SesaZleblobas, rom mxatvrebi dainteresdnen garemos

TemiT da TavianTi poziciebisa, Tu mxatvruli formebis sistemad qceva moaxdinon. qarTuli

konteqstidan jerjerobiT am Temaze saubari mxolod im kuTxidan SeiZleba, Tu ra ZiriTadi

problemebi arsebobs da rogori perspeqtivebi SeiZleba arsebobdes maTTan mimarTebaSi.

am Temis momzadebisas SesaZlebloba mqonda Sevxvedrodi mxatvrebs, momesmina maTi

mosazrebebi. interviuebis nawili Sekrebilia mokle filmSi – “eco talks”, romlis naxvis

SesaZlebloba iyo gamofenaze –“ekotopia”. SekiTxvebi ZiriTadad exeboda maT interesebs

ekologiuri Temebis mimarT, maT momaval proeqtebs da aseve imas, Tu ras fiqroben isini

TavianT mSobliur qalaqSi mimdinare quCebis dizainis cvlilebis Sesaxeb da ra ideebs

miawodebdnen isini oficiozs, rom gaeumjobesebinaT garemo da ra saxiT CarTavdnen ekolo-

giur Temebs.

Tanamedrove qarTuli xelovneba xaTuna xabuliani

30

am SemTxvevaSi vgulixmob dReisaTvis yvelaze popularul Temas TbilisisaTvis – es aris

fasadebis dizainis cvlileba/ganaxleba. garda imisa, rom mosaxleobis nawils aRizianebs

is faqtori, rom

cvlileba exeba mxolod zedapirs da mis miRma Sinaarsi isev avariuli rCeba – prob-

lematuria Zveli ubnebis usafrTxoebisa da wyalgayvanilobis sistemebi, amis garda aq

vlindeba sxva problemac, romelic exeba uSualod xelovnebasTan dakavSirebul Temebs.

roca oficiozis dakveTis Semsrulebeli dizaineri iTvaliswinebs mxolod zedapirs, aq

vlindeba xelovnebis sakmaod konservatoruli gageba: obieqti - am SemTxvevaSi xelovnebis

nimuSi gamiznulia kedelze mosaTavseblad da aRsaqmelad- wasakiTxad. mokled, mxatvruli

namuSevari ver scdeba organzomilebianobas. ZiriTadi niSani ki Tanamedrove mxatvruli

azrovnebisa – es aris mravalganzomilebianoba.

samwuxaroa is faqtic, rom miuxedavad intensiurad mimdinare axali mSeneblobebisa da

samSeneblo firmaTa simravlisa, jerjerobiT arcerTi kompania prioritetad ar aRiarebs

ekologiur Temas da TiTqmis mis ignorirebasac akeTebs. mixedavad saqarTvelos klimaturi

pirobebisa aravis ucdia sacxovrebel sistemebSi mzis energiis utilitaruli daniSnulebi-

saTvis gamoyeneba.

am konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT Tanamedrove xelovnebaSi momuSave mxatvrebma

SeiZleba, rom gamoiCinon iniciativa da oficiozs SesTavazon TavianTi proeqtebi, sadac

mniSvnelovani faqtori SeiZleba ekologiurma Temebma iTamaSon. rasakvirvelia, sasurve-

lia es iyos damuSavebuli programa, sadac prioritetebi iqneba Tanamedrove vizualuri

xelovnebis ganviTareba- popularizacia kavSirSi ekologiur proeqtebTan.

rac Seexeba filmSi monawile zemoT aRniSnul mxatvrebs, erT-erTi maTgani - nino

sexniaSvili axalgazrda Taobis warmomadgeneli - ekologiur problemad Tvlis radiaciis

matebas da amasTan dakavSirebiT aqvs proeqti. gegmavs sxvadasxva galereebSi (jerjerobiT

samxreT kavkasiis regionSi) radiaciis gazomvasa da monacemTa Segrovebas. qalaqis dizainSi

cvlilebebis Sesatanad ki aqvs survili miscen mcire zomis adgili mozaikis gasakeTeblad.

(aq SeiZleba iTqvas Tanamedrove xelovnebasTan dakavSirebiT kulturuli politikis

TiTqmis ararsebobis Sesaxeb – Tanamedrove mxatvrebs, axal Taobas ar eZleva saSualeba

iniciativis gamovlenisa. kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministros mier am sferos

dafinanseba imdenad umniSvneloa, rom realuri Sedegebi TiTqmis ar miiRweva).

isev davubrundebi nino sexniaSvils, romelic mxatvrul mediumebad iyenebs iseT

organuli faqturebs, rogorebicaa bayayebis fitulebi, cvili, fisi, anu masala, romelic

TavisTavad atarebs sxvadasxva xarisxis informacias. vizualuri xelovnebis dRevandel

tendenciebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia xelovnebis leqsikonis gafarToeba - ganviTare-

bas da nino sexniaSvilis mcdelobebi am mxriv sainteresod gamoiyureba.

mxatvrebis mier mowyobili ekologiasTan dakavSirebul aqciebi qarTuli sinamdvil-

isaTvis xSir movlenas ar warmoadgens. erTi aseTi aqcia Catarda 1997 wels. aqcia saxelad

“завтрак на траве” moewyo aleqsandrovis parkSi, sadac saxeSeRebilma monawileebma daiwyes am parkis dagva-dasufTaveba.

ekologiuri motivaciis garda aq sxva gzavnilic iyo. es aqcia moewyo maSin, roca

pirvelad tardeboda festivali ‘saCuqari” da pompezuri mzadebis miuxedavad qalaqis

centralur nawilSi mdebare patara parki dausufTavebeli iyo. aq aqciis mowyobiT ga-


31

nacxadi gaakeTa TbilisSi arsebulma sub-kulturam, aq monawileobdnen is mxatvrebi, vinc

ar warmoadgenda oficialur kulturas. respodenti filmSi aris aqciis monawile paata

sabelaSvili, romelic saubrobs am aqciis istoriaze, xolo dRevandel problemad Tvlis

Jangbdis simcires zedmetad mWidrod ganlagebuli axali nagebobebis gamo. ambobs, rom ar

xdeba am SemTxvevisaTvis aucilebeli distanciis dacva.

Tanamedrove qarTul xelovnebaSi organuli faqturebis TemasTan dakavSirebiT, e.w.

environment artiT, ramdenime xelovani permanentuladaa dakavebuli. mag. Temo javaxiSvili,

romlis namuSevrebSi xSirad gamoiyeneba mcenareuli motivebi, arqiteqturuli faqture-

bi. NgalereaSi 2001 wels mowyobil gamofanaze warmodgenili iyo namuSevari “XX sarTuli”.

obieqti warmoadgenda did tilos cocxali jejiliT,. asamblaJis nawilebs Seadgenda mcire

zomis gamWvirvale boqsebi gaRvivebuli xorblis marcvlebiT. avtorisave TqmiT, mas surda

sakuTari xelovneba lingvisturi instrumentebiT gaemdidrebina da axali ganzomilebiTi

eqsperimentebiT dakavebuliyo. performansSi “qarT-veli” man gamoiyena sxvadasxva pigmen-

tebis grovebi da stiqiebis – qaris, qviSis, wylis, katastrofebis simboloebi.

environment artiT dakavebulia mamuka jafariZe, romlis umetes namuSevrebSi or-

ganuli faqturebis Tema ganmsazRvrelia da metalingvistur sistemas qmnis. aq qarTuli

alfavitis sawyisebi asocirdeba mcnareulsa da mineralebis TemebTan (“me leqsi davwere”);

zRvis napiras gakeTebuli lendarti - grafikuli ornamenti – “eyeye” mcenareuli sawyisis

kaligrafiul interpretacias aviTarebs.

mamuka jafariZem 2000 wels moawyo instalacia Tbilisis botanikur baRSi – es iyo

proeqcia xis qerqze arsebuli bunebrivi naxatebiT Seqmnili skulpturebiT, inspirirebu-

li druiduli miTologiiT. instalacia baRSi mdebare gvirabSi iyo naCvenebi da gamofenis

koncefcia namuSevris prezentaciis garda moicavda adamianebis Tavmoyrasac qalaqis iseT

nawilSi, sadac aqcenti ekologiur Temaze iqneboda.

mamuka jafariZesve ekuTvnis “mwvane” aqcia – “kakis xe” - iaponuri xurmis xis nergebis

dargva. xis es jiSi cnobilia imiT, rom is gadaurCa radiacias iaponiis cnobili tragediis

dros. aqciaSi monawileobas iRebdnen Zegvis bavSvTa saxlis aRsazrdelebi.

floris motivebi gansxvavebuli konteqstiT gamoCnda koka ramiSvilis namuSevarSi

“cudi da araswori sityvebi”. aq mwife nayofebi erotikul TemebTan asocirdeboda.

guram wibaxaSvilis seria “qoTnebi” erTgvari ironiuli asociaciebia aseve mcenareul

motivebTan – qoTnebidan, Tu balaxidan amozrdili adaminebis figurebi TiTqos mcenareebs

ganasaxiereben.

mcenareebis, mineralebisa da qvis faqturebs mimarTavs sofiko CerqeziSvili.. misi

Tema ufro intimursa da subieqtur gamocdilebebsa da emociebs exeba (“Sen ar gaqvs ufleba,

rom Secvalo Cemi guliscema“).

environment artTan dakavSirebuli gamofenebidan yvelaze didi formatisa gamofena “appendix 2: difuzia da misi topologia”(09.05.03-29.05.03, Tbilisi) iyo, romelsac sakmaod kargi da uxvi presa hqonda. organizatorTa mizani iyo Tanamedrove xelovnebis didi gamofe-

nis precedenti Seeqmna Tbilisuri realobisaTvis am saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi samxreT

kavkasieli xelovanebis garda monawileobdnen mxatvrebi evropis qveynebidan (germania,

niderlandebi, ruseTi, Sveicaria, safrangeTi). gamofenis Tema ukavSirdeboda farTo kon-

teqstis rols, kerZod, msoflioSi mimdinare globalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli procesebsa


32

da am procesebis ambivalentur xasiaTs.

proeqtSi monawileobisaTvis mowveuli xelovanebis umetesoba cnobilia masStab-

uri da radikaluri azrovnebiT (iohan grimonpre, filip mesti, iup van lishauti, harun faroki), razec metyvelebs gamofenisaTvis maT mier rogorc mxatvruli formebis, ise Temebis SerCevac.

gamofena ganawilebuli iyo Tbilisis ramdenime galereasa da qalaqis Ria sivrceeb-

Si. appendix 2-is proeqtis avtorebs ar surdaT Semofargluliyvnen daxuruli sagamofeno sivrceebiT da proeqtSi CarTes sivrcobrivi instalaciebi da interaqtiuli eqsperimentebi

sazogadoebriv adgilebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es proeqtis saukeTeso mxare iyo, ramdena-

dac Tbilisis sivrceebi moZravi da cocxali xelovnebis naklebobas SesamCnevad ganicdis.

uSualod ekologiuri Tema am gamofenaze ar dominirebda, aqtualuri konkretulad gare

sivrceSi CarTuli xelovnebis nimuSebi iyo. cxra aprilis saxelobis parkSi dadgmuli iyo

iup van lishautis mier Sesrulebuli instalacia – “cixe”, xolo qalaqis sxvadasxva adg-

ilebSi ganlagebuli iyo filip mestis proeqtis Semadgeneli

detalebi – qviSiT savse tomrebisgan agebuli barierebi. proeqtis Tema iyo sagangebo

mdgomareobis dros qalaqis TavdacviTi strategia.

aRniSnul filmSi Cawerili interviuebidan socialursa da administraciul Temebs

exeba sofo tabataZe. misTvis saqarTveloSi arsebuli problemebidan Zalian mwvaved gamoi-

yureba nagavsayrelebis arseboba da is kuriozuli situacia, roca aseT nagavsayrelebs saqa-

rtveloSi xSirad feSenebeluri vilebis siaxloves SeiZleba SexvdeT. am saxlebis patronebs

ar awuxebT ra xdeba maTi sakuTrebis galavans miRma. sofo tabataZe saubrobs aseve gaumar-

Tavi manqanebis problemaze, rasac realur katastrofad Tvlis. aq saubaria dasavleTidan,

umetesad germaniidan Semotanil meorad produqciaze da orazrovan damokidebulebaze am

problemis mxridan TviT dasavleTis mxridan – es qveynebi asufTaveben sakuTar sivrces,

magram „narCenebs“ agzavnian mesame samyaros qveynebSi. realurad problema isev rCeba, is

ubralod gadaadgildeba erTi adgilidan meore adgilas, Tan orive mxare „kmayofilia“ –

erTni Tavidan iSoreben narCenebs, meoreni iafad yiduloben manqanebs.

filmis meoTxe respodenti – mamuka samxraZe moqandakea, romelic dainteresebulia

aRmosavluri meditaciuri praqtikebiT. filmSi aris fragmenti erTi aseTi varjiSisa – es

aris meditaciuri cekva TbilisSi mdebare lisis tbis midamoebSi. performeri am adgils

gansakuTrebiT sainteresod Tvlis, radgan aq aris kontrastuli siaxlove tbasTan mdebare

landSaftisa sacxovrebel kvartlebTan, romlebic moqandakis azriT Zalian arahumanuria

da adamians aucileblad sWirdeba miwasTan Sexebaca da sivrcis aRqmac mis yoveldRiur

cxovrebaSi.

gamofenaze “ekotopia” naCvenebi iyo irina abJandaZis seria, romelic kosmosur sxe-

ulebsa da adamianis biologiur fragmentebis Soris kavSirebsa da identifikacias eZebda.

sxvadasxva rakursidan da ganaTebiT dafiqsirebuli gvamuri sxeulebi kosmosSi gadaRebuli

asteroidebisa da ucxo faqturebis asociacias iwvevda. avtoris mier ganxorcielebuli

idea erTgvarad alqimiur Temas wamowevda win. TiTqmis legendaruli istoriuli personaJis

– paracelsusis Cvenamdis moRweul CanawerebSi avtori Tavisi meTodebisa da mkurnalobis

Teoriaze saubrisas akavSirebs adamianis biologiur sxeuls kosmosurTan. is ambobs, rom

adamianis sxeulis korpusi zustad imeorebs samyaros konstruqcias im gansxvavebiT, rom

igi sazRvrulia, kosmosi ki usasrulo. aqedan gamomdinare, Terapiul saSualebebs igi gare


33

samyaroSi eZebs, sadac TiToeuli mcenare, Tu minerali atarebs samkurnalo Tvisebebs,

romlebic adamianis ama Tu im organosTanaa kavSirSi da misi gankurnebas SeuZlia daexmaros.

es zedmiwevniT ekologiuri Teoria, rasakvirvelia SeiZleba xelovanis inspiraciis sagnad

qceuliyo da sasurvelia ufro masStaburi proeqtis safuZvelic gaxdes.

mTlianad proeqti „ekotopia“ sasiamovno precedenti iyo Tanamedrove xelovnebisa

da ekologiuri Temebis SexvedrisaTvis da sasurveli iqneba momavalSi am hibridTan daka-

vSirebuli sxva iniciativebic gamoCndes.


34

maia izoria

Tanamedrove qarTuli mxatvruli keramikis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisTvis

(rezo iaSvilis 1950-iani wlebis Semoqmedebis mixedviT)

qarTuli keramikis unikaluri mxatvruli tradiciebis Sesaxeb araerTi samecniero

naSromi gamoqveynda. ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs im sulier faseulobaTa kvlevac, romelic

am tradiciebis aRmocenebas daedo safuZvlad. es vrceli arqeologiuri, eTnografiuli,

Tu saxelovnebaTmcodneo literatura erTxmad aRiarebs, rom am dargis umniSvnelovanesi,

uZvelesi xanidan Seqmnili nimuSebi adamianis samyaroseuli warmodgenebis SemoqmedebiTi

gansaxierebaa, romelsac saxviTi xerxebis (forma, naxati, feri) sinTezuri gamoyenebiT

ideis ukiduresad ganyenebuli, simboluri gadmocemisken miswrafeba axasiaTebs. es zoga-

dad qarTuli keramikis Tvisebaa da am mxriv Znelad Tu moviZiebT zRvars Tixis Zvelsa, Tu

axal-Tanadroul nimuSebs Soris.

qarTuli keramikis adreuli, TviTmyofadi Zeglebi msoflios wamyvani kulturebis

zegavlenis anabe

redaqtor-gamomcemlebidspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/153297/1/speqtri_2006...‘niko firosmani~,...

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