vaxtang beriZevaxtang beriZe

niko firosmanaSviliniko firosmanaSvili1862 -19181862 -1918

did mxatvarze dawerili monografiis avtori akad. v. beriZe did mxatvarze dawerili monografiis avtori akad. v. beriZe

(1914-2000) TviT iyo qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis didi mkvlevari (1914-2000) TviT iyo qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis didi mkvlevari

da Rirseuli mamuliSvili. amdenad niko firosmanis Semoqmedebaze da Rirseuli mamuliSvili. amdenad niko firosmanis Semoqmedebaze

mecnieris mravalwliani dakvirvebisa da kvlevis Sedegad momzade-mecnieris mravalwliani dakvirvebisa da kvlevis Sedegad momzade-

buli naSromi qarTuli xelovnebaTmcodneobisTvis mniSvnelovani buli naSromi qarTuli xelovnebaTmcodneobisTvis mniSvnelovani

SenaZenia. igi rusulad daiwera (1983 w.), Semdeg wigni qarTul, SenaZenia. igi rusulad daiwera (1983 w.), Semdeg wigni qarTul,

rusul da inglisur enebze gamosacemad moamzada g. marsagiSvilma rusul da inglisur enebze gamosacemad moamzada g. marsagiSvilma

(1988 w.), magram misi gamocema mxolod 2007 wels, Cveni kulturis (1988 w.), magram misi gamocema mxolod 2007 wels, Cveni kulturis

didi mecenatis, b-ni biZina ivaniSvilis wyalobiT ganxorcielda. didi mecenatis, b-ni biZina ivaniSvilis wyalobiT ganxorcielda.

ramdenadac wigni male gavrcelda, vifiqreT, rom niko firosmanaS-ramdenadac wigni male gavrcelda, vifiqreT, rom niko firosmanaS-

vilis saiubileo TariRisTvis Cvens mkiTxvels ukeTes monografias vilis saiubileo TariRisTvis Cvens mkiTxvels ukeTes monografias

verc SevTavazebdiT, radgan igi marTlac sasiamovno sakiTxavia.verc SevTavazebdiT, radgan igi marTlac sasiamovno sakiTxavia.

teqstsa da ilustraciebs vbeWdavT avtoris memkvidris, q-n teqstsa da ilustraciebs vbeWdavT avtoris memkvidris, q-n

maia beriZis Tavaziani nebarTviT. masTan erTad madlobas movax-maia beriZis Tavaziani nebarTviT. masTan erTad madlobas movax-

senebT saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumis direq-senebT saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumis direq-

tors, b-n giorgi marsagiSvils, gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis. amjerad tors, b-n giorgi marsagiSvils, gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis. amjerad

gTavazobT monografiis pirvel nawils; rac Seexeba meore nawils, gTavazobT monografiis pirvel nawils; rac Seexeba meore nawils,

igi Cveni Jurnalis momdevno nomerSi daibeWdeba.igi Cveni Jurnalis momdevno nomerSi daibeWdeba.

nawili pirvelinawili pirveli

I. niko firosmanaSvilis-firosmanis gardacvalebidan sa-I. niko firosmanaSvilis-firosmanis gardacvalebidan sa-

mocdaaTi weli gavida;mocdaaTi weli gavida;11cota xnis winaT jer kidev cocxali iyvnen cota xnis winaT jer kidev cocxali iyvnen

adamianebi, romlebic piradad icnobdnen mas; magram misi cxovrebis adamianebi, romlebic piradad icnobdnen mas; magram misi cxovrebis

naSromis qarTuli teqsti dawerilia 1987–88 wlebSi (g. m.).

17niko firosmanaSviliSesaxeb dokumenturad dadasturebuli faqtebi TiTqmis ar gagvaC-Sesaxeb dokumenturad dadasturebuli faqtebi TiTqmis ar gagvaC-

nia (gamonaklisi erTi-oria); misi dabadebis utyuari TariRic ki nia (gamonaklisi erTi-oria); misi dabadebis utyuari TariRic ki

ar viciT; firosmans tragikuli bedi xvda wilad, mZime cxovreba ar viciT; firosmans tragikuli bedi xvda wilad, mZime cxovreba

hqonda, uWirda, wlebis manZilze, arsebiTad, miusafari iyo. ro-hqonda, uWirda, wlebis manZilze, arsebiTad, miusafari iyo. ro-

gorc mxatvari igi „aRmoaCines“ gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre, gorc mxatvari igi „aRmoaCines“ gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre,

scades misTvis daxmarebis xeli gaewodebinaT, magram sxvadasxva scades misTvis daxmarebis xeli gaewodebinaT, magram sxvadasxva

mizezis gamo am cdas arsebiTi Sedegi ar gamouRia. firosmani mar-mizezis gamo am cdas arsebiTi Sedegi ar gamouRia. firosmani mar-

tod darCenili gardaicvala da misi saflavic daikarga. tod darCenili gardaicvala da misi saflavic daikarga.

pirveli cnobebi mis Sesaxeb Tbilisis presaSi 1912 da 1913 wleb-pirveli cnobebi mis Sesaxeb Tbilisis presaSi 1912 da 1913 wleb-

Si gamoCnda, maSin, rodesac igi daaxloebiT ormocdaaTi wlisa Si gamoCnda, maSin, rodesac igi daaxloebiT ormocdaaTi wlisa

iqneboda, amis Semdeg, samwuxarod, igi maleve gardaicvala (1918 iqneboda, amis Semdeg, samwuxarod, igi maleve gardaicvala (1918

w.). misma namuSevrebma axalgazrda mxatvrebisa da mwerlebis yu-w.). misma namuSevrebma axalgazrda mxatvrebisa da mwerlebis yu-

radReba miipyro. iwereboda aRfrTovanebuli werilebi – mis su-radReba miipyro. iwereboda aRfrTovanebuli werilebi – mis su-

raTebSi „bunebis pirvelqmnili saxe warmogvidgebao~. amavdrou-raTebSi „bunebis pirvelqmnili saxe warmogvidgebao~. amavdrou-

lad, imdroindeli presidan vigebT imasac, rom Cvenda gasakvirad, lad, imdroindeli presidan vigebT imasac, rom Cvenda gasakvirad,

TviT mxatvris Sesaxeb TiTqmis aravin araferi icoda: „amboben, ga-TviT mxatvris Sesaxeb TiTqmis aravin araferi icoda: „amboben, ga-

loTda da sadRac kaxeTSi gardaicvalao~, – werda 1916 wels erTi loTda da sadRac kaxeTSi gardaicvalao~, – werda 1916 wels erTi

avtori. avtori.

Tu ar CavTvliT poet ilia zdaneviCis dRiuris Canawerebs, sa-Tu ar CavTvliT poet ilia zdaneviCis dRiuris Canawerebs, sa-

dac, avtoris STabeWdilebaTa garda, Zalian cota cnobaa mxatvris dac, avtoris STabeWdilebaTa garda, Zalian cota cnobaa mxatvris

ganvlili cxovrebis Sesaxeb, yvelaferi, rac Cven mis cxovrebaze ganvlili cxovrebis Sesaxeb, yvelaferi, rac Cven mis cxovrebaze

viciT, ramdenime adamianis Sromis Sedegia (maT qvemoT SevexebiT); viciT, ramdenime adamianis Sromis Sedegia (maT qvemoT SevexebiT);

ukve firosmanis gardacvalebis Semdeg, ociani wlebis dasawyis-ukve firosmanis gardacvalebis Semdeg, ociani wlebis dasawyis-

Si, am adamianebma Seagroves firosmanis axloblebis mogonebebi. Si, am adamianebma Seagroves firosmanis axloblebis mogonebebi.

ra Tqma unda, am mogonebebSi bevri rame erTmaneTs ar eTanxmeba; ra Tqma unda, am mogonebebSi bevri rame erTmaneTs ar eTanxmeba;

roca mTxrobelni firosmans axasiaTeben, bunebrivia, Tavs iCens roca mTxrobelni firosmans axasiaTeben, bunebrivia, Tavs iCens

yoveli maTganis pozicia, faqtebis gansxvavebuli interpretacia. yoveli maTganis pozicia, faqtebis gansxvavebuli interpretacia.

amas garda, im mxatvarTa da poetTa mogonebebSi, romlebic cocxal amas garda, im mxatvarTa da poetTa mogonebebSi, romlebic cocxal

firosmans icnobdnen da misi xelovnebis pirveli propagandiste-firosmans icnobdnen da misi xelovnebis pirveli propagandiste-

bi gaxdnen, zogjer emociur „amaRlebulobasTan“ erTad igrZnoba bi gaxdnen, zogjer emociur „amaRlebulobasTan“ erTad igrZnoba

survili misi cxovrebisTvis romantikuli Seferilobis micemisa, survili misi cxovrebisTvis romantikuli Seferilobis micemisa,

calkeul SemTxvevaSi ki – aSkara „beletristuli“ TviTnebobac, calkeul SemTxvevaSi ki – aSkara „beletristuli“ TviTnebobac,

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, „gadaxveva“ prozauli WeSmaritebisagan. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, „gadaxveva“ prozauli WeSmaritebisagan.

ocian wlebSi qarTuli presa mudmivad aqveynebda „axal masa-ocian wlebSi qarTuli presa mudmivad aqveynebda „axal masa-

lebs firosmanis biografiisTvis“; 1926 wels gamovida pirveli lebs firosmanis biografiisTvis“; 1926 wels gamovida pirveli

mdidrulad dasuraTebuli wigni mis Sesaxeb. es aris mweralTa da mdidrulad dasuraTebuli wigni mis Sesaxeb. es aris mweralTa da

mxatvarTa werilebis krebuli qarTul, rusul da frangul enebze. mxatvarTa werilebis krebuli qarTul, rusul da frangul enebze.

firosmanis suraTebis mogroveba da gadarCena, misive sicocxlis firosmanis suraTebis mogroveba da gadarCena, misive sicocxlis

bolo wlebSi dawyebuli, SemdgomSic gagrZelda. moxerxda 200-ze bolo wlebSi dawyebuli, SemdgomSic gagrZelda. moxerxda 200-ze

18 vaxtang beriZemeti suraTis Tavmoyra. firosmanis gamofenebi ewyoboda TbilisSi, meti suraTis Tavmoyra. firosmanis gamofenebi ewyoboda TbilisSi,

sabWoTa kavSiris qalaqebSi. Semdeg daiwyo firosmanis miCqmalvis sabWoTa kavSiris qalaqebSi. Semdeg daiwyo firosmanis miCqmalvis

xana, romelic TiTqmis meoTxedi saukune grZeldeboda. amas ori xana, romelic TiTqmis meoTxedi saukune grZeldeboda. amas ori

mizezi hqonda: erTi mxriv, mxatvrul kritikaSi dogmatizmisa da mizezi hqonda: erTi mxriv, mxatvrul kritikaSi dogmatizmisa da

vulgaruli sociologizmis gabatoneba, meore mxriv – uaryofiTi vulgaruli sociologizmis gabatoneba, meore mxriv – uaryofiTi

(mtruli!) damokidebuleba im avtorebisadmi, romelTac firos-(mtruli!) damokidebuleba im avtorebisadmi, romelTac firos-

manis Semoqmedeba warmoaCines. 50-iani wlebis dasasrulidan ki manis Semoqmedeba warmoaCines. 50-iani wlebis dasasrulidan ki

firosmani kvlav sruli ZaliT „aJRerda“, misi saxeli da popu-firosmani kvlav sruli ZaliT „aJRerda“, misi saxeli da popu-

laroba sakvirveli siswrafiT izrdeboda ara marto saqarTvelo-laroba sakvirveli siswrafiT izrdeboda ara marto saqarTvelo-

Si, aramed mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi da mis farglebs gareTac: 1960-Si, aramed mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi da mis farglebs gareTac: 1960-

80-ian wlebSi misi suraTebis gamofenebi moewyo varSavaSi, praRaSi, 80-ian wlebSi misi suraTebis gamofenebi moewyo varSavaSi, praRaSi,

parizSi, nicaSi, venaSi, drezdenSi, aRmosavleT berlinSi, zagrebSi, parizSi, nicaSi, venaSi, drezdenSi, aRmosavleT berlinSi, zagrebSi,

buqarestSi, budapeStSi, solnokSi (ungreTSi), paduaSi, iaponiasa buqarestSi, budapeStSi, solnokSi (ungreTSi), paduaSi, iaponiasa

da dasavleT berlinSi. igi gaxda qarTveli da rusi dramaturgebis da dasavleT berlinSi. igi gaxda qarTveli da rusi dramaturgebis

piesebis, kinofilmis gmiri. am filmma msoflios ekranebi moiara; piesebis, kinofilmis gmiri. am filmma msoflios ekranebi moiara;

mas eZRvneba suraTebi, gamoCenil mweralTa moTxrobebi da leqsebi, mas eZRvneba suraTebi, gamoCenil mweralTa moTxrobebi da leqsebi,

simRerebi, simfoniebi, ramdenime specialuri wigni da narkvevi sx-simRerebi, simfoniebi, ramdenime specialuri wigni da narkvevi sx-

vadasxva enaze (maT Soris aris seriozuli naSromebic); Tbilisis vadasxva enaze (maT Soris aris seriozuli naSromebic); Tbilisis

erT-erT quCas misi saxeli ewoda, mas Zeglic daudges; saqarTvelos erT-erT quCas misi saxeli ewoda, mas Zeglic daudges; saqarTvelos

xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi firosmanis suraTebs calke dar-xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi firosmanis suraTebs calke dar-

bazi aqvs daTmobili, misi namuSevrebi aqvT kerZo koleqcionereb-bazi aqvs daTmobili, misi namuSevrebi aqvT kerZo koleqcionereb-

sac saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi, safrangeTSisac saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi, safrangeTSi;�� mis samSoblo sofelSi mis samSoblo sofelSi

(mirzaanSi) gaxsnilia memorialur muzeumi. (mirzaanSi) gaxsnilia memorialur muzeumi.

firosmanis xelovnebis gansakuTrebulma momxibvlelobam, misma firosmanis xelovnebis gansakuTrebulma momxibvlelobam, misma

tragikulma bedma, iseve rogorc mis Sesaxeb sabuTebis uqonlobam, tragikulma bedma, iseve rogorc mis Sesaxeb sabuTebis uqonlobam,

xeli Seuwyo imas, rom mxatvris saxeli TandaTanobiT legendebiT xeli Seuwyo imas, rom mxatvris saxeli TandaTanobiT legendebiT

Seimosa. saqarTveloSi igi iqca erTgvar poetur simbolod, mxat-Seimosa. saqarTveloSi igi iqca erTgvar poetur simbolod, mxat-

vris maRali Semoqmedebis gansaxierebad. ufleba gvaqvs vilapara-vris maRali Semoqmedebis gansaxierebad. ufleba gvaqvs vilapara-

koT im gavlenazec, romelic man moaxdina jer Cveni saukunis aTian koT im gavlenazec, romelic man moaxdina jer Cveni saukunis aTian

wlebSi asparezze gamosul qarTvel mxatvrebze, Semdeg ki 60-iani wlebSi asparezze gamosul qarTvel mxatvrebze, Semdeg ki 60-iani

wlebis Taobazec, Tumca es gavlena pirdapiri ar yofila. wlebis Taobazec, Tumca es gavlena pirdapiri ar yofila.

savsebiT bunebrivia, rom firosmans xSirad adarebdnen „mebaJe savsebiT bunebrivia, rom firosmans xSirad adarebdnen „mebaJe

rusos“, axali drois pirvel „naivur mxatvars“, romelmac didi sax-rusos“, axali drois pirvel „naivur mxatvars“, romelmac didi sax-

eli moixveWa da TviTnaswavli mxatvrebis erTgvar etalonad iqca. eli moixveWa da TviTnaswavli mxatvrebis erTgvar etalonad iqca.

es aRniSnulia frangi avtorebis TiTqmis yvela werilSi, romlebic es aRniSnulia frangi avtorebis TiTqmis yvela werilSi, romlebic

gamoqveynda, roca parizSi firosmanis gamofena moewyogamoqveynda, roca parizSi firosmanis gamofena moewyo.2 magram es magram es

safrangeTSi, poet lui aragonis koleqciaSi daculi niko firosmanaSvilis su-

raTi „ar-senalis mTa RamiT“, 2007 wels gaiyida auqcionze (g.m.).

igulisxmeba 1969 wels parizSi, dekoratiuli xelovnebis muzeumSi gamarTuli

niko firosmanaSvilis gamofena (g. m.).

19niko firosmanaSviliori mxatvari mxolod imiT hgavs erTmaneTs, rom arc erTs ar miuRia ori mxatvari mxolod imiT hgavs erTmaneTs, rom arc erTs ar miuRia

specialuri ganaTleba. hgvanan isini saxviTi enis zogi Tavisebure-specialuri ganaTleba. hgvanan isini saxviTi enis zogi Tavisebure-

biTac, rac axasiaTebT imaT, visac saskolo wvrTna ar gauvlia. es biTac, rac axasiaTebT imaT, visac saskolo wvrTna ar gauvlia. es

aris da es. sxva yvelaferi maT ganasxvavebs. rusom miiRo Tumc ki aris da es. sxva yvelaferi maT ganasxvavebs. rusom miiRo Tumc ki

daumTavrebeli, magram mainc raRac ganaTleba; mas yovelTvis hqonda daumTavrebeli, magram mainc raRac ganaTleba; mas yovelTvis hqonda

kontaqtebi „akademiuri“ xelovnebis samyarosTan. sakmarisia gavix-kontaqtebi „akademiuri“ xelovnebis samyarosTan. sakmarisia gavix-

senoT misi mudmivi saSvebi luvrSi, luqsemburgisa da sen-Jermenis senoT misi mudmivi saSvebi luvrSi, luqsemburgisa da sen-Jermenis

muzeumebSi; aTeuli wlebis manZilze „damoukidebelTa salonis“ muzeumebSi; aTeuli wlebis manZilze „damoukidebelTa salonis“

monawile iyo; misi Tematika „paraleluria“ profesiuli gana-monawile iyo; misi Tematika „paraleluria“ profesiuli gana-

Tlebis mqone mxatvarTa Tematikisa, sakmarisad „literaturuli“ Tlebis mqone mxatvarTa Tematikisa, sakmarisad „literaturuli“

da kosmopolituria. firosmani, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, mTeli da kosmopolituria. firosmani, rogorc qvemoT davinaxavT, mTeli

Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis maZilze „SeubRalavi“ darCa; bev-Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobis maZilze „SeubRalavi“ darCa; bev-

rad ufro metad, vidre ruso, igi dakavSirebuli iyo xalxur Semo-rad ufro metad, vidre ruso, igi dakavSirebuli iyo xalxur Semo-

qmedebasTan da, garkveulwilad, erovnuli xelovnebis saukunovan qmedebasTan da, garkveulwilad, erovnuli xelovnebis saukunovan

tradiciebTan. tradiciebTan.

Tumca profesiuli momzadeba ar gauvlia, niko firosmani mainc Tumca profesiuli momzadeba ar gauvlia, niko firosmani mainc

mxatvari-profesionali iyo. ara marto imitom, rom sakmaod didi mxatvari-profesionali iyo. ara marto imitom, rom sakmaod didi

xnis manZilze mxatvroba warmoadgenda mis erTaderT saarsebo wy-xnis manZilze mxatvroba warmoadgenda mis erTaderT saarsebo wy-

aros, aramed imitom (da es aris swored mTavari), rom is mxatvrad aros, aramed imitom (da es aris swored mTavari), rom is mxatvrad

iyo dabadebuli: Tuki rasme sxvas akeTebda, es iZulebiTi iyo, misi iyo dabadebuli: Tuki rasme sxvas akeTebda, es iZulebiTi iyo, misi

survilis winaaRmdeg – misi cxovrebis azrs ki mudam mxolod mxat-survilis winaaRmdeg – misi cxovrebis azrs ki mudam mxolod mxat-

vroba Seadgenda, romelic gatacebiT uyvarda da romelsac mTeli vroba Seadgenda, romelic gatacebiT uyvarda da romelsac mTeli

Tavisi sulieri Zalebi miuZRvna. Tavisi sulieri Zalebi miuZRvna.

II. niko firosmanaSvili daibada kaxeTis sofel mirzaanSi. mama-II. niko firosmanaSvili daibada kaxeTis sofel mirzaanSi. mama-

misi aslani da deda Tekle (toklikaSvilis qali) glexebi iyvnen. misi aslani da deda Tekle (toklikaSvilis qali) glexebi iyvnen.

maT kidev sami Svili hyavdaT, erTi vaJi da ori qaliSvili; mxolod maT kidev sami Svili hyavdaT, erTi vaJi da ori qaliSvili; mxolod

erTma, fefem, icocxla nikoze didxans. man SeZlo zogi ram moeTxro erTma, fefem, icocxla nikoze didxans. man SeZlo zogi ram moeTxro

nikos Sesaxeb, Tumca, rogorc Cans, mis naambobSi yvelaferi ar nikos Sesaxeb, Tumca, rogorc Cans, mis naambobSi yvelaferi ar

Seefereboda sinamdviles. saojaxo, sakmad romantikuli gadmoce-Seefereboda sinamdviles. saojaxo, sakmad romantikuli gadmoce-

miT, nikos papa Tu papis mama lekebs gautacniaT (XVIII saukuneSi es miT, nikos papa Tu papis mama lekebs gautacniaT (XVIII saukuneSi es

xom Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo), magram Tanasoflel mdevrebs gamoux-xom Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo), magram Tanasoflel mdevrebs gamoux-

sniaT. sniaT.

sakmaod didxans iTvleboda, rom niko daibada 1860 da 1863 sakmaod didxans iTvleboda, rom niko daibada 1860 da 1863

wlebs Sua. sxva TariRebsac asaxelebdnen. ramdenime xnis win aR-wlebs Sua. sxva TariRebsac asaxelebdnen. ramdenime xnis win aR-

moCnda „saqme“ 1890 wels nikos samsaxurSi Sesvlis Taobaze – TiTq-moCnda „saqme“ 1890 wels nikos samsaxurSi Sesvlis Taobaze – TiTq-

mis erTaderTi gadarCenili saarqivo sabuTi misi cxovrebis Ses-mis erTaderTi gadarCenili saarqivo sabuTi misi cxovrebis Ses-

axeb. iq aris cnoba, albaT misganve Cawerili, 28 wlisa varo. am axeb. iq aris cnoba, albaT misganve Cawerili, 28 wlisa varo. am

sabuTis mixedviT misi dabadebis TariRi 1862 weli gamodis. zogi sabuTis mixedviT misi dabadebis TariRi 1862 weli gamodis. zogi

20 vaxtang beriZeavtori dabadebis Tvesa da ricxvsac – 5 maiss asaxelebs, magram wy-avtori dabadebis Tvesa da ricxvsac – 5 maiss asaxelebs, magram wy-

aros miuTiTeblad. am bolo dros ki, sxva sabuTis Tanaxmad, kidev aros miuTiTeblad. am bolo dros ki, sxva sabuTis Tanaxmad, kidev

erTi TariRi – 1866 welierTi TariRi – 1866 weli1 – dasaxelda. – dasaxelda.

cnobebi nikos bavSvobis Sesaxeb erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba: zogi cnobebi nikos bavSvobis Sesaxeb erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba: zogi

monacemiT mamamisi jer kidev sofelSi gardacvlila, deda ki bavS-monacemiT mamamisi jer kidev sofelSi gardacvlila, deda ki bavS-

vebianad Tbiliss gadasaxlebula Tavis gaTxovil qaliSvilTan. vebianad Tbiliss gadasaxlebula Tavis gaTxovil qaliSvilTan.

sxva cnobebiT,sxva cnobebiT, mSobliuri sofeli mamis meTaurobiT mTelma ojaxma mSobliuri sofeli mamis meTaurobiT mTelma ojaxma datova, magram TbilisSi ki ar gadasaxlebulan, aramed sofel Su-datova, magram TbilisSi ki ar gadasaxlebulan, aramed sofel Su-

laverSi, sadac aslani aznaur qalanTarovebTan damdgara venaxis laverSi, sadac aslani aznaur qalanTarovebTan damdgara venaxis

mcvelad. glexis ojaxs, yovelTvis mWidrod dakavSirebuls miwasa mcvelad. glexis ojaxs, yovelTvis mWidrod dakavSirebuls miwasa

da sakuTar fesvebTan, mxolod gaWirveba Tu aiZulebda ayriliyo da sakuTar fesvebTan, mxolod gaWirveba Tu aiZulebda ayriliyo

mSobliuri kar-midamodan da sxvagan wasuliyo bedis saZieblad. mSobliuri kar-midamodan da sxvagan wasuliyo bedis saZieblad.

magram beds mainc ver ewien: yvela monacemis Tanaxmad, niko jer magram beds mainc ver ewien: yvela monacemis Tanaxmad, niko jer

kidev bavSvi yofila, roca mamamisi gardaicvala, aRarc dedasa da kidev bavSvi yofila, roca mamamisi gardaicvala, aRarc dedasa da

ufros das ucocxliaT didxans, xolo umcrosi da fefe dabruneb-ufros das ucocxliaT didxans, xolo umcrosi da fefe dabruneb-

ula mirzaanSi da sicocxlis bolomde iqidan fexi ar moucvlia. ula mirzaanSi da sicocxlis bolomde iqidan fexi ar moucvlia.

patara niko ki qalanTarovebTan darCenila, rogorc Cans, mojama-patara niko ki qalanTarovebTan darCenila, rogorc Cans, mojama-

gired. gired.

bedma didi xniT daakavSira niko qalanTarovebis mravalSvil-bedma didi xniT daakavSira niko qalanTarovebis mravalSvil-

ian ojaxs. qalanTarovebi im somexTaganni iyvnen, romelnic ukve ian ojaxs. qalanTarovebi im somexTaganni iyvnen, romelnic ukve

didi xania cxovrobdnen saqarTveloSi da romelTaTvisac qar-didi xania cxovrobdnen saqarTveloSi da romelTaTvisac qar-

Tuli mSobliur enad iqca. imaT ojaxSi Seiswavla nikom qarTuli Tuli mSobliur enad iqca. imaT ojaxSi Seiswavla nikom qarTuli

wera-kiTxva, cota gvian – rusulic. roca qalanTarovebi Tbiliss wera-kiTxva, cota gvian – rusulic. roca qalanTarovebi Tbiliss

gadasaxldnen, nikoc Tan waiyvanes. cxovrobdnen Zvel qalaqSi, gadasaxldnen, nikoc Tan waiyvanes. cxovrobdnen Zvel qalaqSi,

mtkvris marjvena napirze, nariyalas ZirSi. gaRma aRmarTuli iyo mtkvris marjvena napirze, nariyalas ZirSi. gaRma aRmarTuli iyo

metexis Zveli taZari, winaT, saqarTvelos mefeebis dros, cixesi-metexis Zveli taZari, winaT, saqarTvelos mefeebis dros, cixesi-

magris galavniT garSemortymuli, axla ki – cixis SenobebiT. magris galavniT garSemortymuli, axla ki – cixis SenobebiT.

es, albaT, samocdaaTiani wlebis Sua xanebSi iyo. es, albaT, samocdaaTiani wlebis Sua xanebSi iyo.

ras warmoadgenda maSin patara niko, ra mWidrod daukavSird-ras warmoadgenda maSin patara niko, ra mWidrod daukavSird-

eboda mTeli misi Semdgomi cxovreba, am qalaqs, romelic maSin eboda mTeli misi Semdgomi cxovreba, am qalaqs, romelic maSin

pirvelad naxa, qalaqs misi Zveli ubnebiT, gasaocrad Taviseburi pirvelad naxa, qalaqs misi Zveli ubnebiT, gasaocrad Taviseburi

yofiT da ganumeorebeli feradovnebiT. miT ufro ver warmoidgen-yofiT da ganumeorebeli feradovnebiT. miT ufro ver warmoidgen-

da, rom TviTonve gaxdeboda Zveli Tbilisis erT-erTi „RirsSesan-da, rom TviTonve gaxdeboda Zveli Tbilisis erT-erTi „RirsSesan-

iSnaoba“, romlis gareSec (romlis suraTebis gareSe!) dRes verc iSnaoba“, romlis gareSec (romlis suraTebis gareSe!) dRes verc

warmovidgenT maSindeli Tbilisis saxes. warmovidgenT maSindeli Tbilisis saxes.

Tbilisi XIX da XX saukuneTa mijnaze – qalaqi, romelSic Tbilisi XIX da XX saukuneTa mijnaze – qalaqi, romelSic

cxovrobda firosmani. odesRac saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi, axla ki cxovrobda firosmani. odesRac saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi, axla ki

ruseTis samefisnacvlos centri amierkavkasiaSi. qalaqi Wreli da ruseTis samefisnacvlos centri amierkavkasiaSi. qalaqi Wreli da

mravalsaxa. mravalsaxa.

21niko firosmanaSviliaxali xana mis istoriaSi, romlis pirveli safexurebi Soreuli axali xana mis istoriaSi, romlis pirveli safexurebi Soreuli

saukuneebis burusSi ikargeba, XIX saukunidan (rodesac saqarTve-saukuneebis burusSi ikargeba, XIX saukunidan (rodesac saqarTve-

lo ruseTis imperias SeuerTda) daiwyo. mas Semdeg, rac (sami sau-lo ruseTis imperias SeuerTda) daiwyo. mas Semdeg, rac (sami sau-

kunis manZilze mas iZulebiT hqonda mibrunebuli piri muslimanuri kunis manZilze mas iZulebiT hqonda mibrunebuli piri muslimanuri

aRmosavleTisken. gavixsenoT iranisa da TurqeTis Zalmomreoba!) aRmosavleTisken. gavixsenoT iranisa da TurqeTis Zalmomreoba!)

saqarTvelo evropuli kulturis wiaRs daubrunda. magram, garda saqarTvelo evropuli kulturis wiaRs daubrunda. magram, garda

politikuri cvlilebebisa (saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis politikuri cvlilebebisa (saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis

dakargva), XIX saukune gardatexis saukune iyo, upirvelesad, dakargva), XIX saukune gardatexis saukune iyo, upirvelesad,

ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis mxriv. XVIII saukunis ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis mxriv. XVIII saukunis

bolos, iranelTa gamanadgurebuli Semosevis Semdeg, pirvelad bolos, iranelTa gamanadgurebuli Semosevis Semdeg, pirvelad

gamococxlda dacemuli vaWroba, saukunis Sua xanebidan samrewve-gamococxlda dacemuli vaWroba, saukunis Sua xanebidan samrewve-

lo sawarmoebic gaCnda. es procesi didad daCqarda batonymobis lo sawarmoebic gaCnda. es procesi didad daCqarda batonymobis

gauqmebisa da glexTa ganTavisuflebis Semdeg. 60–70-iani wlebi-gauqmebisa da glexTa ganTavisuflebis Semdeg. 60–70-iani wlebi-

dan saqarTveloc CaerTo ruseTis imperiis swrafi kapitalistu-dan saqarTveloc CaerTo ruseTis imperiis swrafi kapitalistu-

ri ganviTarebis procesSi. am periodma bevri ram axali moitana: ri ganviTarebis procesSi. am periodma bevri ram axali moitana:

aSenda fabrika-qarxnebi, Tbilissa da sxva qarTul qalaqebsa da aSenda fabrika-qarxnebi, Tbilissa da sxva qarTul qalaqebsa da

amierkavkasiis zogierT qalaqs Soris rkinigza gaiyvanes (70–80-amierkavkasiis zogierT qalaqs Soris rkinigza gaiyvanes (70–80-

ian wlebSi); mkvidr TbiliselTa „tradiciul“ socialur fenaTa ian wlebSi); mkvidr TbiliselTa „tradiciul“ socialur fenaTa

– Tavadaznaurebis, glexebis, xelosnebis – gverdiT didad gaizar-– Tavadaznaurebis, glexebis, xelosnebis – gverdiT didad gaizar-

da vaWar-mrewvelTa xvedriTi wona (maT Soris ukve milionerebic da vaWar-mrewvelTa xvedriTi wona (maT Soris ukve milionerebic

Cndebian), gaizarda, agreTve, biurokratiuli aparati da, es dam-Cndebian), gaizarda, agreTve, biurokratiuli aparati da, es dam-

axasiaTebelia, Camoyalibda proletariati, muSaTa klasi. Tbilisi axasiaTebelia, Camoyalibda proletariati, muSaTa klasi. Tbilisi

tipur burJuaziul-Cinovnikur qalaqad gadaiqca. tipur burJuaziul-Cinovnikur qalaqad gadaiqca.

mkveTrma gardatexam socialursa da ekonomikur, imave dros, mkveTrma gardatexam socialursa da ekonomikur, imave dros,

kulturul ganviTarebaSi, feodalizmis saboloo rRvevam, bune-kulturul ganviTarebaSi, feodalizmis saboloo rRvevam, bune-

brivia, gavlena moaxdina yofa-cxovrebis wesebzec. feodaluri brivia, gavlena moaxdina yofa-cxovrebis wesebzec. feodaluri

Tbilisis gadaqcevam kapitalisturad xeli Seuwyo „evropis“ Tbilisis gadaqcevam kapitalisturad xeli Seuwyo „evropis“

SeWras „aziaSi“ qalaqis mcxovrebTa, upirvelesad, ra Tqma unda, SeWras „aziaSi“ qalaqis mcxovrebTa, upirvelesad, ra Tqma unda,

maRali fenebis, da bevrad ufro naklebad – xelosnebis, wvrili maRali fenebis, da bevrad ufro naklebad – xelosnebis, wvrili

vaWrebisa da muSebis yofis TvalsazrisiTac. Sendeba axali ubnebi, vaWrebisa da muSebis yofis TvalsazrisiTac. Sendeba axali ubnebi,

saxazino, sazogadoebrivi Senobebi, saswavleblebi, ufro gvian – saxazino, sazogadoebrivi Senobebi, saswavleblebi, ufro gvian –

bankebi, universaluri maRaziebi, fabrika-qarxnebi. magram arc Zve-bankebi, universaluri maRaziebi, fabrika-qarxnebi. magram arc Zve-

li qalaqi Tmobs Tavis poziciebs. saukunis Sua wlebSi Tbilisis li qalaqi Tmobs Tavis poziciebs. saukunis Sua wlebSi Tbilisis

rusuli gazeTi „kavkazi“ werda: „tfilisi.... garkveuli Tvalsaz-rusuli gazeTi „kavkazi“ werda: „tfilisi.... garkveuli Tvalsaz-

risiT orsaxa ianusia, romelic erTi saxiT azias uyurebs, meoreTi risiT orsaxa ianusia, romelic erTi saxiT azias uyurebs, meoreTi

ki _ evropas“. ki _ evropas“.

es daxasiaTeba SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ufro gvian xanasac, rode-es daxasiaTeba SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ufro gvian xanasac, rode-

sac firosmanma Segnebuli kontaqti daamyara qalaqTan, Tumca sac firosmanma Segnebuli kontaqti daamyara qalaqTan, Tumca

im dros axali saxlic meti iyo da yurTmajiani vaWrebis gver-im dros axali saxlic meti iyo da yurTmajiani vaWrebis gver-

22 vaxtang beriZediT ukve evropulad Cacmuli kapitalistebic momravldnen. Zvel diT ukve evropulad Cacmuli kapitalistebic momravldnen. Zvel

TbilisSi kidev didxans iarsebebs tradiciuli saxalxo dResas-TbilisSi kidev didxans iarsebebs tradiciuli saxalxo dResas-

waulebi – „yeenoba“, muSti-krivi, Tumca es yvelaferi mxolod waulebi – „yeenoba“, muSti-krivi, Tumca es yvelaferi mxolod

„dabali fenebisTvis“ iqneba gankuTvnili. gazeT „droebis“ si-„dabali fenebisTvis“ iqneba gankuTvnili. gazeT „droebis“ si-

tyviT, maRali, „ganaTlebuli“ sazogadoeba ukve ufro metad tyviT, maRali, „ganaTlebuli“ sazogadoeba ukve ufro metad

Teatrebsa da klubebs etaneba; iarsebebs Zveli qarvaslebi, go-Teatrebsa da klubebs etaneba; iarsebebs Zveli qarvaslebi, go-

girdis abanoebi (romlebic, imave dros, Tavisebur klubebsac war-girdis abanoebi (romlebic, imave dros, Tavisebur klubebsac war-

moadgenda, iq mTel dReebs atarebdnen), Wreli da xmauriani rigebi moadgenda, iq mTel dReebs atarebdnen), Wreli da xmauriani rigebi

xelosnebisa da wvrili vaWrebis duqnebiT, rigebi, sadac mTeli xelosnebisa da wvrili vaWrebis duqnebiT, rigebi, sadac mTeli

„komercia“ quCaSi iyo gamotanili; didxans iarsebeben kintoebi „komercia“ quCaSi iyo gamotanili; didxans iarsebeben kintoebi

da yaraCoxelebi, romelTa tipebi swored TbilisSi Camoyalibda. da yaraCoxelebi, romelTa tipebi swored TbilisSi Camoyalibda.

maTi tansacmeli (SeiZleba iTqvas – „forma“, raki igi ucvleli da maTi tansacmeli (SeiZleba iTqvas – „forma“, raki igi ucvleli da

yvelasTvis savaldebuli iyo), cxovrebis wesi, manerebi, adamian-yvelasTvis savaldebuli iyo), cxovrebis wesi, manerebi, adamian-

ebTan urTierToba – yvelaferi, yoveli wvrilmani „damuSavebuli“ ebTan urTierToba – yvelaferi, yoveli wvrilmani „damuSavebuli“

iyo. Zvel Tbiliss hyavda Tavisi poetebi da momRerlebi, romelTa iyo. Zvel Tbiliss hyavda Tavisi poetebi da momRerlebi, romelTa

Semoqmedeba organulad iyo Serwymuli Zveli ubnebis mkvidrTa Semoqmedeba organulad iyo Serwymuli Zveli ubnebis mkvidrTa

yoveldRiur yofasTan. zogi maTgani dakavSirebuli iyo aRmosav-yoveldRiur yofasTan. zogi maTgani dakavSirebuli iyo aRmosav-

luri aSuRebis tradiciebTan (magram ara yvela): maT Soris iyvnen luri aSuRebis tradiciebTan (magram ara yvela): maT Soris iyvnen

didad niWiernic, maTi leqsebi da simRerebi Zalian popularulic didad niWiernic, maTi leqsebi da simRerebi Zalian popularulic

gaxda da qarTuli poeziis saganZurSic Sevida. gaxda da qarTuli poeziis saganZurSic Sevida.

ai, es iyo is samyaro, ianusis is saxe, romelTanac mouxda Sex-ai, es iyo is samyaro, ianusis is saxe, romelTanac mouxda Sex-

vedra da romelsac daukavSira Tavisi cxovreba niko firosmanma. vedra da romelsac daukavSira Tavisi cxovreba niko firosmanma.

iyo, agreTve, Rvinis duqnebi, sardafebi, ara marto Zveli qalaqis iyo, agreTve, Rvinis duqnebi, sardafebi, ara marto Zveli qalaqis

ubnebSi, aramed sadguris mimdebare ubnebSic, im quCebze, romelTac ubnebSi, aramed sadguris mimdebare ubnebSic, im quCebze, romelTac

maSin Cerqezovisa da malaknebisa erqvaT (malaknebisa axla firos-maSin Cerqezovisa da malaknebisa erqvaT (malaknebisa axla firos-

manis saxels atarebs); iyo „mxiaruli“ dawesebulebebi baRebiT mt-manis saxels atarebs); iyo „mxiaruli“ dawesebulebebi baRebiT mt-

kvris napiras, orTaWalaSi. es duqnebi da baRebi, maTi muStrebi, kvris napiras, orTaWalaSi. es duqnebi da baRebi, maTi muStrebi,

agreTve, daimkvidreben adgils firosmanis samyaroSi da aisaxe-agreTve, daimkvidreben adgils firosmanis samyaroSi da aisaxe-

bian mis SemoqmedebaSi. magram Tbilisi marto msxvili da wvrili bian mis SemoqmedebaSi. magram Tbilisi marto msxvili da wvrili

vaWrebis, biurokratiisa da moqeifeTa qalaqi xom ar yofila. es vaWrebis, biurokratiisa da moqeifeTa qalaqi xom ar yofila. es

iyo, imave dros, XIX saukuneSi Camoyalibebuli inteligenciis qa-iyo, imave dros, XIX saukuneSi Camoyalibebuli inteligenciis qa-

laqic, qalaqi, sadac intensiuri sulieri cxovreba Rvioda, miT laqic, qalaqi, sadac intensiuri sulieri cxovreba Rvioda, miT

ufro, swored 60–70-iani wlebidan, rodesac samoRvaweo asparezze ufro, swored 60–70-iani wlebidan, rodesac samoRvaweo asparezze

gamovidnen didi demokrati mwerlebi, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebe-gamovidnen didi demokrati mwerlebi, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebe-

li ideebis damnergavni – ilia, akaki, Semdeg – vaJa-fSavela. maTi li ideebis damnergavni – ilia, akaki, Semdeg – vaJa-fSavela. maTi

Semoqmedeba mTeli xalxis sakuTreba iyo, am sityvis sruli mniS-Semoqmedeba mTeli xalxis sakuTreba iyo, am sityvis sruli mniS-

vnelobiT; niko icnobda da uyvarda maTi nawerebi, didad afasebda vnelobiT; niko icnobda da uyvarda maTi nawerebi, didad afasebda

maT Rvawls Tavisi xalxis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi; TbilisSi, maT Rvawls Tavisi xalxis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi; TbilisSi,

garda saopero da rusuli dramis Teatrebisa, arsebobda qarTuli garda saopero da rusuli dramis Teatrebisa, arsebobda qarTuli

23niko firosmanaSvilidramatuli Teatric, erTaderTi adgili, sadac maSin, erovnuli dramatuli Teatric, erTaderTi adgili, sadac maSin, erovnuli

Cagvris dros, kacs SeeZlo gaegona sajarod warmoTqmuli qarTu-Cagvris dros, kacs SeeZlo gaegona sajarod warmoTqmuli qarTu-

li sityva; mis scenaze, sxva piesebTan erTad, idgmeboda istoriul-li sityva; mis scenaze, sxva piesebTan erTad, idgmeboda istoriul-

patriotuli piesebic. firosmanisTvis ucxo ar yofila es Teatri, patriotuli piesebic. firosmanisTvis ucxo ar yofila es Teatri,

amas mowmobs zogi misi suraTi. 70–80-ian wlebSi ukve arsebobda amas mowmobs zogi misi suraTi. 70–80-ian wlebSi ukve arsebobda

samxatvro da samecniero sazogadoebebi, muzeumebi; ewyoboda samx-samxatvro da samecniero sazogadoebebi, muzeumebi; ewyoboda samx-

atvro gamofenebi, daarsda qandakebisa da ferweris skolac – ma-atvro gamofenebi, daarsda qandakebisa da ferweris skolac – ma-

gram es yvelaferi nikosTvis miuwvdomeli darCa. qalaqis marjvena gram es yvelaferi nikosTvis miuwvdomeli darCa. qalaqis marjvena

napiri – administraciul dawesebulebaTa, didi maRaziebis, bur-napiri – administraciul dawesebulebaTa, didi maRaziebis, bur-

Juaziis sacxovrebelTa ubnebi, misTvis, arsebiTad, ucxo iyo. Juaziis sacxovrebelTa ubnebi, misTvis, arsebiTad, ucxo iyo.

firosmanis dabadeba emTxveva glexTa gaTavisuflebas, rac mniS-firosmanis dabadeba emTxveva glexTa gaTavisuflebas, rac mniS-

vnelovan mijnas warmoadgenda ruseTis imperiisa da masSi Semavali vnelovan mijnas warmoadgenda ruseTis imperiisa da masSi Semavali

qveynebis ganviTarebaSi; xolo gardacvaleba daemTxva Zveli samyaros qveynebis ganviTarebaSi; xolo gardacvaleba daemTxva Zveli samyaros

daRupvas – imperiis damxobas da misi qveynisa da eris cxovrebaSic ax-daRupvas – imperiis damxobas da misi qveynisa da eris cxovrebaSic ax-

ali eris dasawyiss. firosmanis cxovrebis bolo wlebi – revoluciis ali eris dasawyiss. firosmanis cxovrebis bolo wlebi – revoluciis

kviraZalia, misTvis niSandoblivi yvela mniSvnelovani movleniTurT. kviraZalia, misTvis niSandoblivi yvela mniSvnelovani movleniTurT.

firosmani ar yofila maTi aqtiuri monawile, mxolod mowme iyo, ma-firosmani ar yofila maTi aqtiuri monawile, mxolod mowme iyo, ma-

gram mowme, romelic ar faravda Tavis damokidebulebas maTdami. gram mowme, romelic ar faravda Tavis damokidebulebas maTdami.

yvelaferi, rac zemoT iTqva, unda gvaxsovdes, Tu gvsurs yvelaferi, rac zemoT iTqva, unda gvaxsovdes, Tu gvsurs

gavigoT firosmanis samyaro, ara marto is, romelic fizikurad gavigoT firosmanis samyaro, ara marto is, romelic fizikurad

ertya mas gars, aramed sulieri samyaroc, romelmac anarekli pova ertya mas gars, aramed sulieri samyaroc, romelmac anarekli pova

mis Tavisebur SemoqmedebaSi. mis Tavisebur SemoqmedebaSi.

III. qalanTarovebis ojaxis wevrebi gulTbilad ekidebodnen III. qalanTarovebis ojaxis wevrebi gulTbilad ekidebodnen

firosmans. maTi mogonebebi saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovidginoT, firosmans. maTi mogonebebi saSualebas gvaZlevs warmovidginoT,

nawilobriv mainc, rogori iyo Wabuki niko TbilisSi cxovrebis nawilobriv mainc, rogori iyo Wabuki niko TbilisSi cxovrebis

pirvel wlebSi. pirvel wlebSi.

`patara niko Zalian gonieri ymawvili iyo. mas uyvarda wignebis `patara niko Zalian gonieri ymawvili iyo. mas uyvarda wignebis

kiTxva, xatvac.... iseTi patiosani da erTguli iyo, rom Cven mas kiTxva, xatvac.... iseTi patiosani da erTguli iyo, rom Cven mas

vandobdiT mTels Cvens ojaxs, romelic maSin mdidari iyo... faq-vandobdiT mTels Cvens ojaxs, romelic maSin mdidari iyo... faq-

izi bunebisa iyo, araCveulebrivi Tavmoyvare da amasTanave iSviaTi izi bunebisa iyo, araCveulebrivi Tavmoyvare da amasTanave iSviaTi

simarTlis moyvaruli. sawylis Sembrale“... „mas ise Rirseulad simarTlis moyvaruli. sawylis Sembrale“... „mas ise Rirseulad

eWira Tavi, rom veravin gaubedavda rame wyenas da daCagvras...“ eWira Tavi, rom veravin gaubedavda rame wyenas da daCagvras...“

„nivTieri simdidre ar ainteresebdao“. „nivTieri simdidre ar ainteresebdao“.

Cven ar viciT, rodis „Seipyro“ firosmani, lui aragonis si-Cven ar viciT, rodis „Seipyro“ firosmani, lui aragonis si-

tyvebiT rom vTqvaT, „xatvis giJurma Jinma“, magram, axlobelTa tyvebiT rom vTqvaT, „xatvis giJurma Jinma“, magram, axlobelTa

naambobis mixedviT, es sakmaod adre unda momxdariyo: „misTvis naambobis mixedviT, es sakmaod adre unda momxdariyo: „misTvis

arsebobda mxolod xatva da rodesac ki Tavisufali dro hqonda, arsebobda mxolod xatva da rodesac ki Tavisufali dro hqonda,

xatvaSi iyo garTuli“... „rodesac vinme groSebs aCuqebda, is maS-xatvaSi iyo garTuli“... „rodesac vinme groSebs aCuqebda, is maS-

24 vaxtang beriZeinve gaiqceoda, iyidda fanqars da saRebavebs da daiwyebda xatvas... inve gaiqceoda, iyidda fanqars da saRebavebs da daiwyebda xatvas...

misi oTaxis kedlebi naxSiriT an fanqriT iyo moxatuli... erTxel misi oTaxis kedlebi naxSiriT an fanqriT iyo moxatuli... erTxel

nikom Cveni saxlis saxuravidan daxata mSvenieri suraTi: gaRmiT nikom Cveni saxlis saxuravidan daxata mSvenieri suraTi: gaRmiT

mdebare metexis cixe-eklesia... xatavda portretebsac ise, rom mdebare metexis cixe-eklesia... xatavda portretebsac ise, rom

cocxal naturas ar iyenebda“. cocxal naturas ar iyenebda“.

„xSirad niko saxlis ezoSi erTi kuTxidan meoreSi dadioda Rrma „xSirad niko saxlis ezoSi erTi kuTxidan meoreSi dadioda Rrma

fiqrebiT garTuli. is im dros, albaT, ocnebobda da rodesac ase fiqrebiT garTuli. is im dros, albaT, ocnebobda da rodesac ase

dainaxavda mas Cemi da keke, SeSinebuli metyoda: xedav Cvens nikos, ro-dainaxavda mas Cemi da keke, SeSinebuli metyoda: xedav Cvens nikos, ro-

gor Cafiqrebuli dadis, Wkuazed ki ar Secdeso“. „axalgazrdobisas gor Cafiqrebuli dadis, Wkuazed ki ar Secdeso“. „axalgazrdobisas

sruliad ar svamda... xSirad miambobda Zvel qarTul sagmiro zRapre-sruliad ar svamda... xSirad miambobda Zvel qarTul sagmiro zRapre-

bs (es ojaxis erT-erTi umcrosi warmomadgenlis sityvebia. is maSin bs (es ojaxis erT-erTi umcrosi warmomadgenlis sityvebia. is maSin

jer kidev bavSvi iyo da nikosTan megobrobda. v.b.), gasaocari lamazi jer kidev bavSvi iyo da nikosTan megobrobda. v.b.), gasaocari lamazi

eniT, iseTi xelovnebiT momiTxrobda raindebis, devebis gasaocar sag-eniT, iseTi xelovnebiT momiTxrobda raindebis, devebis gasaocar sag-

miro ambebs, rom me mTlad yuradRebad viyavi gadaqceuli. amave dros, miro ambebs, rom me mTlad yuradRebad viyavi gadaqceuli. amave dros,

nikos win edo qaRaldi da fanqari, swrafad, oriode xazis mosmiT nikos win edo qaRaldi da fanqari, swrafad, oriode xazis mosmiT

xatavda im gmirebs, devebs, romlebzedac momiTxrobda zRaprebs... sx-xatavda im gmirebs, devebs, romlebzedac momiTxrobda zRaprebs... sx-

vaTa Soris, man Cem Tvalwin daxata wiTeli fanqriT rus-osmaloTa vaTa Soris, man Cem Tvalwin daxata wiTeli fanqriT rus-osmaloTa

omis suraTi 1877 wels...“ (firosmani maSin jer bavSvi iyo! – v.b.).... „me omis suraTi 1877 wels...“ (firosmani maSin jer bavSvi iyo! – v.b.).... „me

axla gaxsenebisas vrwmundebi imaSi, rom niko zogierT zRapars Tvi-axla gaxsenebisas vrwmundebi imaSi, rom niko zogierT zRapars Tvi-

Tonac Txzavda, radgan mas rac unda bevri hqonoda wakiTxuli, mainc Tonac Txzavda, radgan mas rac unda bevri hqonoda wakiTxuli, mainc

amdens ver miambobda. amitom, Cemi azriT, is iyo ara mxolod niWieri amdens ver miambobda. amitom, Cemi azriT, is iyo ara mxolod niWieri

mxatvari, aramed, amasTanave bunebiT niWieri poetic“. mxatvari, aramed, amasTanave bunebiT niWieri poetic“.

sofio qalanTarovis sityviT, nikos Zalian hyvarebia Teatri. sofio qalanTarovis sityviT, nikos Zalian hyvarebia Teatri.

„ro ca dedaCemi wavidoda operazed, nikoc ueWvelad wahyveboda „ro ca dedaCemi wavidoda operazed, nikoc ueWvelad wahyveboda

ga m osacileblad. igi avidoda qandarazed da iqidan ismenda. kar-ga m osacileblad. igi avidoda qandarazed da iqidan ismenda. kar-

gad max sovs, rom niko Tavis tol amxanagebTan Cveni saxlis ezoSi gad max sovs, rom niko Tavis tol amxanagebTan Cveni saxlis ezoSi

gamarTavdnen xolme warmodgenas. am warmodgenebSi nikoc monaw-gamarTavdnen xolme warmodgenas. am warmodgenebSi nikoc monaw-

ileobda...“, „erTxel man gagvikeTa patara sasaxle fanjrebiT, mS-ileobda...“, „erTxel man gagvikeTa patara sasaxle fanjrebiT, mS-

venieri fasadisa. igi gvedga yovelTvis sastumro darbazSi da aRd-venieri fasadisa. igi gvedga yovelTvis sastumro darbazSi da aRd-

gomas an axal weliwads Signidan sanTliT vanaTebdiT RamiT. metad gomas an axal weliwads Signidan sanTliT vanaTebdiT RamiT. metad

lamazi sanaxavi iyo“lamazi sanaxavi iyo“2. .

SesaZlebelia, am mogonebebSi zogi ram wamatebulic aris. raki SesaZlebelia, am mogonebebSi zogi ram wamatebulic aris. raki

saubari exeboda axlobel adamians, romelic saxelganTqmuli mxat-saubari exeboda axlobel adamians, romelic saxelganTqmuli mxat-

vari gaxda, mTxrobelni, bunebrivia, siamayis grZnobiT iyvnen aRvsil-vari gaxda, mTxrobelni, bunebrivia, siamayis grZnobiT iyvnen aRvsil-

ni; maT SeeZloT movaledac CaeTvalaT Tavi, rom Tavisi naambobisT-ni; maT SeeZloT movaledac CaeTvalaT Tavi, rom Tavisi naambobisT-

vis garkveuli, specifikuri saxe mieniWebinaT. magram mainc unda vis garkveuli, specifikuri saxe mieniWebinaT. magram mainc unda

gvaxsovdes, rom mTxrobelni sxvadasxva pirni iyvnen, sxvadasxva Tao-gvaxsovdes, rom mTxrobelni sxvadasxva pirni iyvnen, sxvadasxva Tao-

bis warmomadgenelni, maT Soris, savsebiT inteligenti adamianebic; da bis warmomadgenelni, maT Soris, savsebiT inteligenti adamianebic; da

yvelani erTxmad aRniSnavdnen, rom niko siyrmiTve gamoirCeoda gansa-yvelani erTxmad aRniSnavdnen, rom niko siyrmiTve gamoirCeoda gansa-

25niko firosmanaSvilikuTrebuli sulieri sifaqiziT, mxatvruli niWiT, idealizmiT, poet-kuTrebuli sulieri sifaqiziT, mxatvruli niWiT, idealizmiT, poet-

urobiT. maT TvalSi igi ukve maSin gansxvavdeboda sxvaTagan, ar iyo urobiT. maT TvalSi igi ukve maSin gansxvavdeboda sxvaTagan, ar iyo

„Cveulebrivi“, uferuli, is iyo „kaci ara am qveynidan“, zogierTni „Cveulebrivi“, uferuli, is iyo „kaci ara am qveynidan“, zogierTni

ki mas „netar nikolozsac“ eZaxdnen (es imave qalanTarovTa ojaxis ki mas „netar nikolozsac“ eZaxdnen (es imave qalanTarovTa ojaxis

Svilis, oficer soliko xankalamovis sityvebia). Svilis, oficer soliko xankalamovis sityvebia).

roca biWi wamoizarda, iTxova, romelsame xelosans mimabareT roca biWi wamoizarda, iTxova, romelsame xelosans mimabareT

saswavleblado. rogorc Cans, niko, niWierebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saswavleblado. rogorc Cans, niko, niWierebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

qalanTarovebma viRac mestambe germanels miabares. iq erTi weliwa-qalanTarovebma viRac mestambe germanels miabares. iq erTi weliwa-

di gaZlo, magram an TviT saqme ar mouvida TvalSi, an iqauri garemo di gaZlo, magram an TviT saqme ar mouvida TvalSi, an iqauri garemo

ar moewona („me iq yofna ar SemiZlia, iq erTi stambis momuSakisa-ar moewona („me iq yofna ar SemiZlia, iq erTi stambis momuSakisa-

gan garyvnili sityvebi mesmiso“), dabrunda Sin da Tqva, stambaSi gan garyvnili sityvebi mesmiso“), dabrunda Sin da Tqva, stambaSi

yofna aRar SemiZliao. oTxmociani wlebis dasawyisSia gadaRebu-yofna aRar SemiZliao. oTxmociani wlebis dasawyisSia gadaRebu-

li firosmanis pirveli utyuari fotosuraTi (aseTi suraTi sul li firosmanis pirveli utyuari fotosuraTi (aseTi suraTi sul

oria). es uwverulvaSo Wabukia, cocxali TvalebiT, imdroindel oria). es uwverulvaSo Wabukia, cocxali TvalebiT, imdroindel

Cveulebriv evropul samoselSi gamowyobili (pijaki, TeTri say-Cveulebriv evropul samoselSi gamowyobili (pijaki, TeTri say-

elo). daaxloebiT imave xanebs miekuTvneba erTi ambavi, nikos erTi elo). daaxloebiT imave xanebs miekuTvneba erTi ambavi, nikos erTi

saqcieli, romelmac misi „patronebis“ didi gakvirveba gamoiwvia, saqcieli, romelmac misi „patronebis“ didi gakvirveba gamoiwvia,

niko ki aiZula daetovebina is saxli, romelSic siWabukis wlebi niko ki aiZula daetovebina is saxli, romelSic siWabukis wlebi

gaatara: mas Seuyvarda qalanTarovebis erT-erTi qaliSvili, masze gaatara: mas Seuyvarda qalanTarovebis erT-erTi qaliSvili, masze

bevrad ufrosi, axlad daqvrivebuli; gadawyvita miewera misTvis. bevrad ufrosi, axlad daqvrivebuli; gadawyvita miewera misTvis.

Semdeg ki, roca uari miiRo, wavida saxlidan. Semdeg ki, roca uari miiRo, wavida saxlidan.

damaxasiaTebelia, swored im dros, rodesac mis winaSe mwvaved damaxasiaTebelia, swored im dros, rodesac mis winaSe mwvaved

daisva sakiTxi, ra gza aerCia, man rCevisaTvis mimarTa ara sxva vismes, daisva sakiTxi, ra gza aerCia, man rCevisaTvis mimarTa ara sxva vismes,

aramed mxatvars („namdvil“ mxatvars). es xom ueWveli dadasturebaa aramed mxatvars („namdvil“ mxatvars). es xom ueWveli dadasturebaa

imisa, rom mas ukve Sinaganad moumwifda gadawyvetileba xelovnebi-imisa, rom mas ukve Sinaganad moumwifda gadawyvetileba xelovnebi-

saTvis, ferwerisaTvis mieZRvna Tavisi cxovreba. sxva saqmea, rom am saTvis, ferwerisaTvis mieZRvna Tavisi cxovreba. sxva saqmea, rom am

gzaze man bevri simware gamoscada da bevri dabrkolebis gadalaxva gzaze man bevri simware gamoscada da bevri dabrkolebis gadalaxva

mouxda. mouxda.

„namdvili“ mxatvris rCeva iseTi iyo, rogoric unda yofiliyo: „namdvili“ mxatvris rCeva iseTi iyo, rogoric unda yofiliyo:

niWi gaqvs, unda iswavloo. magram swored swavlis saSualebas iyo niWi gaqvs, unda iswavloo. magram swored swavlis saSualebas iyo

moklebuli firosmanimoklebuli firosmani. . 3

misi cxovrebis momdevno wlebis qronologiis dadgena SeuZle-misi cxovrebis momdevno wlebis qronologiis dadgena SeuZle-

belia. zogi “carieli adgilis“ Sevseba dRes aRar ZalgviZs. oTx-belia. zogi “carieli adgilis“ Sevseba dRes aRar ZalgviZs. oTx-

mociani wlebisTvis Cven xelT aris mxolod erTi faqti, romelsac mociani wlebisTvis Cven xelT aris mxolod erTi faqti, romelsac

vicnobT gigo zaziaSvilis monaTxrobis wyalobiT. zaziaSvilic vicnobT gigo zaziaSvilis monaTxrobis wyalobiT. zaziaSvilic

TviTnaswavli mxatvari iyo, nikoze 5-6 wliT umcrosi, magram man TviTnaswavli mxatvari iyo, nikoze 5-6 wliT umcrosi, magram man

XX saukunis Sua wlebamde moaRwia. isini sul axalgazrdebi damego-XX saukunis Sua wlebamde moaRwia. isini sul axalgazrdebi damego-

brdnen, ganizraxes SeeswavlaT ferwera da, imave dros, gaexsnaT brdnen, ganizraxes SeeswavlaT ferwera da, imave dros, gaexsnaT

mxatvari iyo giorgi (gevorq) baSinjaRiani, es unda momxdariyo 1883 wlis Semdeg (g.m.).

26 vaxtang beriZesaxelosno, mieRoT SekveTebi abrebis Sesasruleblad. zaziaSvili saxelosno, mieRoT SekveTebi abrebis Sesasruleblad. zaziaSvili

arafers ambobs, Tu ra Sedegi gamoiRo „ferweris Seswavlam“ (ara-arafers ambobs, Tu ra Sedegi gamoiRo „ferweris Seswavlam“ (ara-

viTari Sedegi ar gamouRia!), saxelosnos gaxsna ki mainc moaxerxes. viTari Sedegi ar gamouRia!), saxelosnos gaxsna ki mainc moaxerxes.

gigo zaziaSvili: „erT dRes yof. veliaminovis quCaze gavxse-gigo zaziaSvili: „erT dRes yof. veliaminovis quCaze gavxse-

niT patara saxelosno. male darabaSi gamoCnda ramdenime naxati da niT patara saxelosno. male darabaSi gamoCnda ramdenime naxati da

erTi abra romeliRac meTevzisa, romelic didxans ido Cvens sax-erTi abra romeliRac meTevzisa, romelic didxans ido Cvens sax-

elosnoSi fulis gadauxdelobisa da patronis saidumlo gaqrobis elosnoSi fulis gadauxdelobisa da patronis saidumlo gaqrobis

mizeziT“. sxva SekveTebi aRar miuRiaT. „Tavni“ ukve Semogvelia mizeziT“. sxva SekveTebi aRar miuRiaT. „Tavni“ ukve Semogvelia

– sacodaobiT, SegirdobiT da mzareulobiT naSovni groSebi. raki – sacodaobiT, SegirdobiT da mzareulobiT naSovni groSebi. raki

saqmem ver gaimarjva, amxanagoba daiSala da patara kera gacivda”. saqmem ver gaimarjva, amxanagoba daiSala da patara kera gacivda”.

Semdeg nikom sxva kompanioni iSova, magram arc imasTan gamovida Semdeg nikom sxva kompanioni iSova, magram arc imasTan gamovida

araferi da man sabolood aiRo xeli am saqmezearaferi da man sabolood aiRo xeli am saqmeze3. .

1890 weli, aprilis 17. firosmani xelwerils aZlevs amierka-1890 weli, aprilis 17. firosmani xelwerils aZlevs amierka-

vkasiis rkinigzis sazogadoebis sammarTvelos, rom man, konduq-vkasiis rkinigzis sazogadoebis sammarTvelos, rom man, konduq-

torad muSaobis dawyebisas, miiRo saTanado instruqcia, rom kis-torad muSaobis dawyebisas, miiRo saTanado instruqcia, rom kis-

rulobs ganuxrelad Seasrulos yvela wesi da moTxovnileba da, rulobs ganuxrelad Seasrulos yvela wesi da moTxovnileba da,

kerZod, „daemorCilos samsaxurTan dakavSirebul fulad jarimebs, kerZod, „daemorCilos samsaxurTan dakavSirebul fulad jarimebs,

romelsac mas daadebs“ gzis sammarTvelo. aseTi jarima, samwux-romelsac mas daadebs“ gzis sammarTvelo. aseTi jarima, samwux-

arod, bevri iyo, erT jarimas meore mosdevda. samuSao mZime aR-arod, bevri iyo, erT jarimas meore mosdevda. samuSao mZime aR-

moCnda; niko satvirTo matareblebis konduqtorad gaamweses, mas moCnda; niko satvirTo matareblebis konduqtorad gaamweses, mas

uxdeboda Ria platformebiT mgzavroba sicxesa da yinvaSi, xSir-uxdeboda Ria platformebiT mgzavroba sicxesa da yinvaSi, xSir-

ad civdeboda, avadmyofobda, xan Svebulebas iTxovda, xan fulad ad civdeboda, avadmyofobda, xan Svebulebas iTxovda, xan fulad

daxmarebas... ra Tqma unda, am erTferovan, mosabezrebel samuSaos daxmarebas... ra Tqma unda, am erTferovan, mosabezrebel samuSaos

igi guls ver daudebda; advili warmosadgenia, ra gauxareli wle-igi guls ver daudebda; advili warmosadgenia, ra gauxareli wle-

bi iyo misTvis rkinigzaze gatarebuli oTxi weli. am samsaxuris bi iyo misTvis rkinigzaze gatarebuli oTxi weli. am samsaxuris

erTaderT sikeTed is SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom firosmanma imog-erTaderT sikeTed is SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom firosmanma imog-

zaura amierkavkasiaSi, zogi ram mainc naxa da, albaT, daimaxsovra zaura amierkavkasiaSi, zogi ram mainc naxa da, albaT, daimaxsovra

kidec. 1894 wels mas sabolood gauswores angariSi da mis winaSe kidec. 1894 wels mas sabolood gauswores angariSi da mis winaSe

– is ukve miuaxlovda ocdaaTi wlis mijnas – kvlav daisva sakiTxi: – is ukve miuaxlovda ocdaaTi wlis mijnas – kvlav daisva sakiTxi:

rogor ecxovra, rogor earseba? rogor ecxovra, rogor earseba?

man kidev erTxel scada bedi vaWrobaSi: gamoiyena samsaxuridan man kidev erTxel scada bedi vaWrobaSi: gamoiyena samsaxuridan

wamosvlisas aRebuli fuli, cota ram kidev iSova da gaxsna rZis wamosvlisas aRebuli fuli, cota ram kidev iSova da gaxsna rZis

duqani axlandeli rusTavelis prospeqtze, iq, sadac jer kidev duqani axlandeli rusTavelis prospeqtze, iq, sadac jer kidev

Senobebi ar idga, xrami iyo, romlis gayolebiTac mtkvrisken, ax-Senobebi ar idga, xrami iyo, romlis gayolebiTac mtkvrisken, ax-

lad agebuli xidisken (axla rom elbaqiZislad agebuli xidisken (axla rom elbaqiZis4xidi hqvia) eSveboda xidi hqvia) eSveboda

gza. amjerad saqme kargad wauvida; amxanagad aiyvana Tavisi Tanaso-gza. amjerad saqme kargad wauvida; amxanagad aiyvana Tavisi Tanaso-

fleli, vinme dimitri aluRiSvili. vaWroba gaiSala da orivem er-fleli, vinme dimitri aluRiSvili. vaWroba gaiSala da orivem er-

Tad axali duqani gaxsna „iarmukaze“. Tavdapirvelad yvelaferi Tad axali duqani gaxsna „iarmukaze“. Tavdapirvelad yvelaferi

dRes xidi galaktionis saxels atarebs (g.m.).

27niko firosmanaSvilirigianad aewyo, romeliRac mdidari Tbiliselisagan kreditic mi-rigianad aewyo, romeliRac mdidari Tbiliselisagan kreditic mi-

iRes; niko dauaxlovda dimitris ojaxs, qaliSvili mounaTla mas, iRes; niko dauaxlovda dimitris ojaxs, qaliSvili mounaTla mas,

Sinauri kaci gaxda mis saxlSi. Sinauri kaci gaxda mis saxlSi.

magram ase didxans ar gagrZelebula. male kompanionebi aeSal-magram ase didxans ar gagrZelebula. male kompanionebi aeSal-

nen erTmaneTs, daiwyo usiamovnebani da skandalebic ki. SemdegSi nen erTmaneTs, daiwyo usiamovnebani da skandalebic ki. SemdegSi

aluRiSvils miawerdnen yvela ubedurebas, rac nikos mouvida – aluRiSvils miawerdnen yvela ubedurebas, rac nikos mouvida –

mis gakotrebas, daqveiTebas. CvenTvis Znelia maTi gansja. magram mis gakotrebas, daqveiTebas. CvenTvis Znelia maTi gansja. magram

Tu samarTlianobas davicavT, mainc unda vaRiaroT, rom ganxeTq-Tu samarTlianobas davicavT, mainc unda vaRiaroT, rom ganxeTq-

ilebis saTave is iyo, rom niko ar dabadebula vaWrad, misTvis ilebis saTave is iyo, rom niko ar dabadebula vaWrad, misTvis

sruliad ucxo iyo fsiqologia da cxovrebis normebi im wrisa, sruliad ucxo iyo fsiqologia da cxovrebis normebi im wrisa,

romelSic igi Zalauneburad moeqca (daxlidar simon papiaSvilis romelSic igi Zalauneburad moeqca (daxlidar simon papiaSvilis

mogonebidan: „saerTod nikalas vaWroba kargi hqonda, magram metad mogonebidan: „saerTod nikalas vaWroba kargi hqonda, magram metad

gulkeTili da mxarjveli kaci iyo da amis gamo bolos daxura Ta-gulkeTili da mxarjveli kaci iyo da amis gamo bolos daxura Ta-

visi savaWro da didubes gadavida“). is suraTi, romelsac TviT al-visi savaWro da didubes gadavida“). is suraTi, romelsac TviT al-

uRiSvili gvixatavs, eWvs ar unda iwvevdes, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, uRiSvili gvixatavs, eWvs ar unda iwvevdes, Tumca, SesaZlebelia,

zogi wvrilmani dazustebasac moiTxovdes: zogi wvrilmani dazustebasac moiTxovdes:

„vaWroba ezareboda da kidec Takilobda. zafxulSi, gaCaRe-„vaWroba ezareboda da kidec Takilobda. zafxulSi, gaCaRe-

buli vaWrobis dros mimatovebda, ori viris sapane (buli vaWrobis dros mimatovebda, ori viris sapane (sicsic!) mwvane !) mwvane balaxs iyidda, aitanda duqnis Tavze sakuTar „balaxanaSi“, gaiS-balaxs iyidda, aitanda duqnis Tavze sakuTar „balaxanaSi“, gaiS-

lida da gamoexveoda: – sofelSi rom ver mivdivar, es miamebao! lida da gamoexveoda: – sofelSi rom ver mivdivar, es miamebao!

duqansac iameboda? me rogorc Tavgziani, daxlSi videqi, TiTon is duqansac iameboda? me rogorc Tavgziani, daxlSi videqi, TiTon is

an karebTan idga ayudebuli, an balaxanaSi xatavda. moiyvanda rome-an karebTan idga ayudebuli, an balaxanaSi xatavda. moiyvanda rome-

lime mezobels, daayenebda da etyoda: – modi, ise dagxato, Senze lime mezobels, daayenebda da etyoda: – modi, ise dagxato, Senze

maimuni aravin iyoso. erTxel mec damxata. Turme uCumrad gad-maimuni aravin iyoso. erTxel mec damxata. Turme uCumrad gad-

amiRo vaWrobis dros. didxans vinaxavdi saxlSi am suraTs, raRac amiRo vaWrobis dros. didxans vinaxavdi saxlSi am suraTs, raRac

sazareli Sesaxedi viyavi, Savferi... bavSvebs eSinodaT. davwviT“. sazareli Sesaxedi viyavi, Savferi... bavSvebs eSinodaT. davwviT“.

niko xan gaagdebda aluRiSvils, xan TviTon garboda. erTxel niko xan gaagdebda aluRiSvils, xan TviTon garboda. erTxel

Tavis sofelSi Cavida disa da siZis TxovniT... imaT xma miuvi-Tavis sofelSi Cavida disa da siZis TxovniT... imaT xma miuvi-

daT, nikos fuli gauCndao, warmoidgines, rom Zalian gamdidrda daT, nikos fuli gauCndao, warmoidgines, rom Zalian gamdidrda

da gadawyvites amiT esargeblaT: SeakeTebines saxli, rogorc da gadawyvites amiT esargeblaT: SeakeTebines saxli, rogorc

Cans, fulic gamostyues, mere ki usircxvilod moiSores Tavi-Cans, fulic gamostyues, mere ki usircxvilod moiSores Tavi-

dan. uTxres, giJi xaro da gamoagdes. niko TbilisSi dabrunda dan. uTxres, giJi xaro da gamoagdes. niko TbilisSi dabrunda

gaoflili, amogangluli, saSinlad aRgznebuli, imuqreboda, siZ-gaoflili, amogangluli, saSinlad aRgznebuli, imuqreboda, siZ-

es movklavo, gadareuls hgavda. halucinaciebic ki daewyo, saso-es movklavo, gadareuls hgavda. halucinaciebic ki daewyo, saso-

warkveTili muxlebze daemxoboda, qviTinebda, ambobda mTavaran-warkveTili muxlebze daemxoboda, qviTinebda, ambobda mTavaran-

gelozi da wminda giorgi gamomecxadneno. aluRiSvilis sityviT, gelozi da wminda giorgi gamomecxadneno. aluRiSvilis sityviT,

man Zlivs daaSoSmina niko. magram cota xanSi igi kvlav „aiSala“, man Zlivs daaSoSmina niko. magram cota xanSi igi kvlav „aiSala“,

erTxel kojorSi gaiqca, iq sazandrebsa da amxanagebSi gaflanga erTxel kojorSi gaiqca, iq sazandrebsa da amxanagebSi gaflanga

fuli, mere monaniebiTa da tiriliT daubrunda aluRiSvils. al-fuli, mere monaniebiTa da tiriliT daubrunda aluRiSvils. al-

28 vaxtang beriZeuRiSvilma, misive sityviT, kidev erTxel amaod scada miSveleboda, uRiSvilma, misive sityviT, kidev erTxel amaod scada miSveleboda,

magram nikos sul aeria gza-kvali da isini sabolood daSordnen magram nikos sul aeria gza-kvali da isini sabolood daSordnen

erTmaneTserTmaneTs4. .

es, rogorc Cans, ori saukunis mijnaze moxda, iqneb am saukunis es, rogorc Cans, ori saukunis mijnaze moxda, iqneb am saukunis

dasawyisSic. jer mas isev hqonda Tavisi oTaxi romeliRac miyrue-dasawyisSic. jer mas isev hqonda Tavisi oTaxi romeliRac miyrue-

bul quCaze... mere ki daiwyo xetiali, romelic cxovrebis bolomde bul quCaze... mere ki daiwyo xetiali, romelic cxovrebis bolomde

gagrZelda. xan erT meduqnes Seafarebda Tavs, xan meores, sakuTari gagrZelda. xan erT meduqnes Seafarebda Tavs, xan meores, sakuTari

TavSesafari aRar gaaCnda. bedis mware ironia: swored am droidan TavSesafari aRar gaaCnda. bedis mware ironia: swored am droidan

uZRvnis firosmani mTel Tavis cxovrebas mxatvrobas. imisaTvis, uZRvnis firosmani mTel Tavis cxovrebas mxatvrobas. imisaTvis,

rom Tavisi cxovrebis ocneba ganexorcielebina, mas unda daekarga rom Tavisi cxovrebis ocneba ganexorcielebina, mas unda daekarga

yvelaferi, aRar unda hqonoda adamianuri cxovrebis elementaru-yvelaferi, aRar unda hqonoda adamianuri cxovrebis elementaru-

li pirobebic kili pirobebic ki.��

am drois movlenaTa qronologiis dadgenac Znelia, radganac am drois movlenaTa qronologiis dadgenac Znelia, radganac

mogonebebSi TariRebi miaxloebiTia da arc yovelTvis eTanxmeba mogonebebSi TariRebi miaxloebiTia da arc yovelTvis eTanxmeba

erTmaneTs, magram amas arc aqvs didi mniSvneloba: „movlenebi“ ukve erTmaneTs, magram amas arc aqvs didi mniSvneloba: „movlenebi“ ukve

aRar iyo, icvleboda mxolod duqnebi, icvlebodnen „mecenatebi“ – aRar iyo, icvleboda mxolod duqnebi, icvlebodnen „mecenatebi“ –

meduqneebi. zogi mas kargad eqceoda, sxvebi – uaresad, zogi arc mis meduqneebi. zogi mas kargad eqceoda, sxvebi – uaresad, zogi arc mis

eqspluatacias erideboda, magram nikos cxovrebaSi amiT xom arsebi-eqspluatacias erideboda, magram nikos cxovrebaSi amiT xom arsebi-

Tad aRaraferi icvleboda, yvelaferi ukve erTnairad miedineboda: Tad aRaraferi icvleboda, yvelaferi ukve erTnairad miedineboda:

rac dro gadioda, ufro metad etaneboda smas, TandaTan galoTda rac dro gadioda, ufro metad etaneboda smas, TandaTan galoTda

kidec, janmrTelobamac umtyuna, igi sul ufro da ufro dabla eS-kidec, janmrTelobamac umtyuna, igi sul ufro da ufro dabla eS-

veboda. cxovrebis ukanaskneli 17–18 wlis ganmavlobaSi man bevrjer veboda. cxovrebis ukanaskneli 17–18 wlis ganmavlobaSi man bevrjer

gamoicvala TavSesafari, bevri SemkveTic gauCnda – meduqneebi, Rvi-gamoicvala TavSesafari, bevri SemkveTic gauCnda – meduqneebi, Rvi-

nis sardafebisa da samxiarulo dawesebulebaTa mepatroneebi: maT-nis sardafebisa da samxiarulo dawesebulebaTa mepatroneebi: maT-

Tvis xatavda abrebs, suraTebs, xatavda kedlebs. amis sanacvlod Tvis xatavda abrebs, suraTebs, xatavda kedlebs. amis sanacvlod

aWmevdnen, sasmelsac aZlevdnen. saqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom zogjer aWmevdnen, sasmelsac aZlevdnen. saqme iqamdec ki mivida, rom zogjer

suraTs asrulebda erTi Wiqa Rvinis an aryis, erTi sadilis fasad. suraTs asrulebda erTi Wiqa Rvinis an aryis, erTi sadilis fasad.

erTxans (1905–1910 wlebSi) firosmani cxovrobda meduqne be-erTxans (1905–1910 wlebSi) firosmani cxovrobda meduqne be-

gosTangosTan5 5 mtkvris marcxena napirze, riyeze, romelsac yovel wels, mtkvris marcxena napirze, riyeze, romelsac yovel wels,

wyaldidobis dros, wyali faravda, Semdeg orTaWalaSi _ „eldo-wyaldidobis dros, wyali faravda, Semdeg orTaWalaSi _ „eldo-

rados“ baRis patronTan. rados“ baRis patronTan.

firosmanis biografiebSi didi adgili eTmoba romantikul istorias misi gau-

ziarebeli siyvarulisa frangi Sansoneti qalisadmi, romelic Tbilisis kafe-San-

tanebSi gamodioda. es iyo vinme margarita, romlis portretic man marTlac Sea-

srula. zogni swored marga-ritas ukavSireben firosmanis tragedias, mis dacemas.

nikos axlo nacnobTagan mxolod daxlidari papiaSvili ixsenebs gakvriT, „erTi

frangis qals yvarobda, mgoni erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. saxeli ar maxsovso“. es aris

da es (S. dadiani. firosmani, axali biografi-uli cnobebi: gaz. „baxtrioni“, 1922,

# 10, 11.IX). Zneli saTqmelia, saidan momdinareobs es versia. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Tu

margaritas ambavi namdvilia, es safiqrebelia, „rZis duqnis periodSi“ momxdariyo. meduqne beglar stefanes Ze iaqaSvili (g.m.).

29niko firosmanaSvilimisi cxovrebis am periodTan dakavSirebuli bevri mogoneba moag-misi cxovrebis am periodTan dakavSirebuli bevri mogoneba moag-

rova da gamoaqveyna giorgi leoniZem (jer gazeT „baxtrionSi“, 1922 rova da gamoaqveyna giorgi leoniZem (jer gazeT „baxtrionSi“, 1922

wels – misi davalebiT sxvadasxva piris mier gakeTebuli CanawerebiT; wels – misi davalebiT sxvadasxva piris mier gakeTebuli CanawerebiT;

Semdeg Jurnal „mnaTobSi“, 1931 da 1938 wlebSi – „cxovreba firos-Semdeg Jurnal „mnaTobSi“, 1931 da 1938 wlebSi – „cxovreba firos-

manisa“). es mogonebebi, Tu mTlianad ver aRgvidgens misi cxovrebis manisa“). es mogonebebi, Tu mTlianad ver aRgvidgens misi cxovrebis

qronikas, saSualebas mainc gvaZlevs warmovidginoT misi cocxali qronikas, saSualebas mainc gvaZlevs warmovidginoT misi cocxali

saxe, misi mdgomareoba im wlebSi. ai, ras vgebulobT am mogonebebi-saxe, misi mdgomareoba im wlebSi. ai, ras vgebulobT am mogonebebi-

dan: niko iyo begos „karis mxatvari“, magram bego ar uSlida mas, rom dan: niko iyo begos „karis mxatvari“, magram bego ar uSlida mas, rom

sxvebis SekveTebic mieRo. piriqiT, sTxovda kidec Tavis nacnobebs, sxvebis SekveTebic mieRo. piriqiT, sTxovda kidec Tavis nacnobebs,

nikos suraTebi SeukveTeTo, cdilobda, riTac ki SeeZlo, daxmare-nikos suraTebi SeukveTeTo, cdilobda, riTac ki SeeZlo, daxmare-

boda. xSirad yidulobda misTvis gasamrjelod, naxmar tansacmels, boda. xSirad yidulobda misTvis gasamrjelod, naxmar tansacmels,

abanoSi dahyveboda, aWmevda da asmevda, uqme dReebSi TavisTan pati-abanoSi dahyveboda, aWmevda da asmevda, uqme dReebSi TavisTan pati-

Jebda. Jebda.

TviT begos naambobi: „Cems duqans patara baRi ekra, sayvavile far-TviT begos naambobi: „Cems duqans patara baRi ekra, sayvavile far-

dulebiT Semkobili da patara gubeebiT. roca niko fxizeli da Ta-dulebiT Semkobili da patara gubeebiT. roca niko fxizeli da Ta-

visufali iyo, baRSi gadioda, _ yvavilebs uvlida, miwas Cahyurebda. visufali iyo, baRSi gadioda, _ yvavilebs uvlida, miwas Cahyurebda.

mere didi kaklis qveS dajdeboda gaSterebuli. ufro zafxulSi ico-mere didi kaklis qveS dajdeboda gaSterebuli. ufro zafxulSi ico-

da baRSi ganmartoeba. martooba uyvarda. ucxo xalxs ar ekareboda. da baRSi ganmartoeba. martooba uyvarda. ucxo xalxs ar ekareboda.

_ nikalai, _ veubnebodi, – martooba Znelia, ojaxs moekide! _ nikalai, _ veubnebodi, – martooba Znelia, ojaxs moekide!

_ marto var dabadebuli, marto unda movkvdeo!_ marto var dabadebuli, marto unda movkvdeo!

_ ar aris kargi saqme, nikalai!_ ar aris kargi saqme, nikalai!

– aba erTi miTxari, romel did mwerals hqonia bina, rom me – aba erTi miTxari, romel did mwerals hqonia bina, rom me

mqondeso. Zvelad sul gamokaful kldeebSi da qarafebSi ucxovri-mqondeso. Zvelad sul gamokaful kldeebSi da qarafebSi ucxovri-

aT wmindanebiviT... netav vicode, rogor cxovrobs Cveni akaki aT wmindanebiviT... netav vicode, rogor cxovrobs Cveni akaki

wereTelio. ra mogvitania, ra unda waviRoTo? erTi megobari dam-wereTelio. ra mogvitania, ra unda waviRoTo? erTi megobari dam-

marxavs, dardi ara maqvso! viris kudiviT moklea wuTisofeli... marxavs, dardi ara maqvso! viris kudiviT moklea wuTisofeli...

Tu zarxoSad iyo, Cumi RiRini uyvarda: loTebo, netavi Cvena, da Tu zarxoSad iyo, Cumi RiRini uyvarda: loTebo, netavi Cvena, da

sxva. aiRebda Wiqas da ityoda: „gaumarjos pavlesa, daisxams da sxva. aiRebda Wiqas da ityoda: „gaumarjos pavlesa, daisxams da

dalevsa“. dalevsa“.

Rvinis vaWari nikoloz sozaSvili ixsenebs: „Zalian mSvidi da Rvinis vaWari nikoloz sozaSvili ixsenebs: „Zalian mSvidi da

uwyinari iyo... Tavis siRaribeSi sufTa kaci iyo...“ (sxvebi umate-uwyinari iyo... Tavis siRaribeSi sufTa kaci iyo...“ (sxvebi umate-

ben: ecva evropulad, amiT didad gamoirCeoda Tavis megobrebisa da ben: ecva evropulad, amiT didad gamoirCeoda Tavis megobrebisa da

mfarvel-meduqneebisagan. „xom CvenTan iyo, Cvens purmarilSi Sesu-mfarvel-meduqneebisagan. „xom CvenTan iyo, Cvens purmarilSi Sesu-

li, magram gana bolomdis Tavs gviyadrebda yaraCoRelebs?“). Tumca li, magram gana bolomdis Tavs gviyadrebda yaraCoRelebs?“). Tumca

nivTier damoukideblobas sruliad moklebuli iyo, „Tavisi kacoba nivTier damoukideblobas sruliad moklebuli iyo, „Tavisi kacoba

ar daukargia“... „sxva quCis mxatvrebiviT lukma purisaTvis fex-ar daukargia“... „sxva quCis mxatvrebiviT lukma purisaTvis fex-

qveS ar egeboda da maT kaprizebzed ar iyo damokidebuli. Tavmoyvare qveS ar egeboda da maT kaprizebzed ar iyo damokidebuli. Tavmoyvare

firosmans gamkilavi meduqneebi ironiiT grafs eZaxdnen...“ miuxeda-firosmans gamkilavi meduqneebi ironiiT grafs eZaxdnen...“ miuxeda-

vad amgvari damokidebulebisa misdami, rogorc Cans, yoveli maTgani vad amgvari damokidebulebisa misdami, rogorc Cans, yoveli maTgani

30 vaxtang beriZeqvecnobierad mainc grZnobda, rom Tumca firosmani maTzea damokide-qvecnobierad mainc grZnobda, rom Tumca firosmani maTzea damokide-

buli, Raribi, mSier-mwyurvali da ubeduria, Tumca is „aravin“ ar buli, Raribi, mSier-mwyurvali da ubeduria, Tumca is „aravin“ ar

aris, maTi toli mainc araa, raRaciT mainc maTTvis miuwvdomelia. aris, maTi toli mainc araa, raRaciT mainc maTTvis miuwvdomelia.

bolo wlebSi xSirad dadioda sozaSvilis duqanSi. „mijdeboda bolo wlebSi xSirad dadioda sozaSvilis duqanSi. „mijdeboda

kuTxeSi, moiTxovda arays, mwvanils da didxans ijda Cumad... xSir-kuTxeSi, moiTxovda arays, mwvanils da didxans ijda Cumad... xSir-

ad yofila, sardafis moqeifeebs daupatiJniaT TavisTan, an Rvino ad yofila, sardafis moqeifeebs daupatiJniaT TavisTan, an Rvino

miuwodebiaT, niko erTs ki etyoda zrdilobianad uars da mere, Tu miuwodebiaT, niko erTs ki etyoda zrdilobianad uars da mere, Tu

Caacivdebodnen, Zalian ewyineboda xolme. xuTmeti wlis ganmav-Caacivdebodnen, Zalian ewyineboda xolme. xuTmeti wlis ganmav-

lobaSi me niko ar minaxavs sxvebTan mjdomare da moqeife... mainc-lobaSi me niko ar minaxavs sxvebTan mjdomare da moqeife... mainc-

damainc ar iyo nakiTxi, magram arc ucodinari kaci iyo. qarTuli damainc ar iyo nakiTxi, magram arc ucodinari kaci iyo. qarTuli

mwerloba cota icoda. Zalian uyvarda vaJa-fSavela. TviTonac mwerloba cota icoda. Zalian uyvarda vaJa-fSavela. TviTonac

werda leqsebs. kai poeti iyo da me da Cems meuRlesac gvinaxavs werda leqsebs. kai poeti iyo da me da Cems meuRlesac gvinaxavs

misi leqsebis rveuli“ (Tuki aseTi rveuli marTlac arsebobda, misi leqsebis rveuli“ (Tuki aseTi rveuli marTlac arsebobda,

igi ukvalod gaqra, iseve rogorc firosmanis werilebi, romlebic igi ukvalod gaqra, iseve rogorc firosmanis werilebi, romlebic

mis das hqonia: Cvens saxlSi wvima atanda, nikos werilebi dasvelda mis das hqonia: Cvens saxlSi wvima atanda, nikos werilebi dasvelda

da dalpao. didad dasanania, rom nikos xeliT dawerili arc erTi da dalpao. didad dasanania, rom nikos xeliT dawerili arc erTi

striqoni ar gadarCenila).striqoni ar gadarCenila).6

Tavisi moxetiale cxovrebis pirvel wlebSi niko gulgrili ar Tavisi moxetiale cxovrebis pirvel wlebSi niko gulgrili ar

darCenila sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis movlenebisadmi. igi didad darCenila sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis movlenebisadmi. igi didad

auRelvebia 1905 wlis revoluciis ambebs. auRelvebia 1905 wlis revoluciis ambebs.

kvlav meduqne bego: firosmans sZulda policielebi. „xSirad kvlav meduqne bego: firosmans sZulda policielebi. „xSirad

moxdeboda, SuaRamisas policia daesxmoda Cems duqans dasazverad moxdeboda, SuaRamisas policia daesxmoda Cems duqans dasazverad

da upasporto xalxis saZebnelad. nikosac... mZinares aayenebdnen da upasporto xalxis saZebnelad. nikosac... mZinares aayenebdnen

da vinaobas hkiTxavdnen. gaigo Tu ara nikalam revolucia, misi da vinaobas hkiTxavdnen. gaigo Tu ara nikalam revolucia, misi

pirveli sityvebi iyo: – movrCi, axla aRar ikiTxaven, es vin ari, pirveli sityvebi iyo: – movrCi, axla aRar ikiTxaven, es vin ari,

aq raT aris! im dReebSi bavSviviT gaxarebuli dadioda, mitingebs aq raT aris! im dReebSi bavSviviT gaxarebuli dadioda, mitingebs

eswreboda da ityoda, movrCiT gansacdelso!” eswreboda da ityoda, movrCiT gansacdelso!”

1905 wlis zafxulSi nikom gamosWra qaRaldis asoebi, wiTelive 1905 wlis zafxulSi nikom gamosWra qaRaldis asoebi, wiTelive

qaRaldi Semoavlo dids „parusinis“ brezents“ da daakera duqnis qaRaldi Semoavlo dids „parusinis“ brezents“ da daakera duqnis

fardas quCaze: – gaumarjos erToba-amxanagobas! Zirs xelmwife, fardas quCaze: – gaumarjos erToba-amxanagobas! Zirs xelmwife,

maRla muSa! Zirs nikolai! maRla muSa! Zirs nikolai!

mesame dRes nacnobi boqauli momadga da Sinaurulad mirCia, mesame dRes nacnobi boqauli momadga da Sinaurulad mirCia,

Camomexsna, Torem saxalini aqeT damrCeboda...“ nikos biZaSvilis, Camomexsna, Torem saxalini aqeT damrCeboda...“ nikos biZaSvilis,

mose firosmanaSvilis cnobiT, nikos suraTic ki dauxatavs – `mit-mose firosmanaSvilis cnobiT, nikos suraTic ki dauxatavs – `mit-

ingi naZaladevSi~. ingi naZaladevSi~.

sxva mogonebebi gvixatavs nikos TandaTanobiTi dacemis suraTs. sxva mogonebebi gvixatavs nikos TandaTanobiTi dacemis suraTs.

„Rvino iyo misi maxrCobela, – gviambobs Rvinis vaWari mesxiSvili, „Rvino iyo misi maxrCobela, – gviambobs Rvinis vaWari mesxiSvili,

aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT, rom darCenilia anri rusos mier dawerili piesebi da

musikaluri Txzulebebic ki.

31niko firosmanaSvili– rogorc futkarma dilis manana aiRos, ise unda daevlo Rvinis – rogorc futkarma dilis manana aiRos, ise unda daevlo Rvinis

duqnebi. TviTonac dauqnel Rvinosebr iyo, erT adgils vera dge-duqnebi. TviTonac dauqnel Rvinosebr iyo, erT adgils vera dge-

boda. xan Wkvianad mogeCveneboda, xan WkvagaflangulaT... rodis-boda. xan Wkvianad mogeCveneboda, xan WkvagaflangulaT... rodis-

Rac vuTxari: – niko, geyo amdeni wanwali, modi CemTan, mojamagired Rac vuTxari: – niko, geyo amdeni wanwali, modi CemTan, mojamagired

imuSave. Tviur jamagirs daginiSnav, oTaxs, tanisamoss mogcem, imuSave. Tviur jamagirs daginiSnav, oTaxs, tanisamoss mogcem,

kviraSi erTxel abano geqneba, dReSi – Careqa Rvino. gaiCine SenT-kviraSi erTxel abano geqneba, dReSi – Careqa Rvino. gaiCine SenT-

vis yulaba da damSvidebiT icxovre. roca Cemi saqmeebidan moicli, vis yulaba da damSvidebiT icxovre. roca Cemi saqmeebidan moicli,

imxatvre, aras dagiSli. gaicina, borkilebs ver davidebo“imxatvre, aras dagiSli. gaicina, borkilebs ver davidebo“5. .

ra Tqma unda, Rvinis vaWrisTvis Zneli gasagebi iyo, rom TviTon ra Tqma unda, Rvinis vaWrisTvis Zneli gasagebi iyo, rom TviTon

da is, visac mojamagireobas sTavazobda, sxvadasxva enaze lapara-da is, visac mojamagireobas sTavazobda, sxvadasxva enaze lapara-

kobdnen, da Tumca yoveldRe xvdebodnen erTmaneTs, mainc TiTqos kobdnen, da Tumca yoveldRe xvdebodnen erTmaneTs, mainc TiTqos

sxvadasxva planetaze cxovrobdnen. sxvadasxva planetaze cxovrobdnen.

sarTiWaleli meduqne sinka cickrialaSvili: „nikala tanmaRa-sarTiWaleli meduqne sinka cickrialaSvili: „nikala tanmaRa-

li da xmeli kaci iyo... Tma da wveri grZlad CamoSvebuli hqonda. li da xmeli kaci iyo... Tma da wveri grZlad CamoSvebuli hqonda.

papiross eweoda xSirad, erTs rom moswevda, meores ukidebda, sul papiross eweoda xSirad, erTs rom moswevda, meores ukidebda, sul

dafiqrebuli dadioda, kacs ar gaucinebda (Sead. sxva cnoba: niko dafiqrebuli dadioda, kacs ar gaucinebda (Sead. sxva cnoba: niko

„mxiaruli kaci iyo, pirsiciliani“, – es bego iaxsievis sityve-„mxiaruli kaci iyo, pirsiciliani“, – es bego iaxsievis sityve-

bia. – v.b.); ro etyodnen, SegiZlia kargi rame daxatoo? upasuxebda bia. – v.b.); ro etyodnen, SegiZlia kargi rame daxatoo? upasuxebda

maRali xmiT: Svilo, maS ris xelosani var, rom ver gadagxatoo, maRali xmiT: Svilo, maS ris xelosani var, rom ver gadagxatoo,

Tqven ojaxSi ramdeni sulic iqnebiT, suyvelas erTad dagxatavT, Tqven ojaxSi ramdeni sulic iqnebiT, suyvelas erTad dagxatavT,

Tu TeTri arayi iqnebao. arayi ro dagesaxelebiaT, marTlac dajde-Tu TeTri arayi iqnebao. arayi ro dagesaxelebiaT, marTlac dajde-

boda, erTs ki Sexedavda adamians, TiTqos Tvalebsac ki xuWavda. boda, erTs ki Sexedavda adamians, TiTqos Tvalebsac ki xuWavda.

naxatebi ki sufTad gamohyavda. xelSi eWira mosakeci didi Cemo-naxatebi ki sufTad gamohyavda. xelSi eWira mosakeci didi Cemo-

dani, Cemodanze daxatuli hqonda cilindriani didi kaci. ro dae-dani, Cemodanze daxatuli hqonda cilindriani didi kaci. ro dae-

saxelebiaT, or Wiqa arayze gafrenil frinvels daxatavda“saxelebiaT, or Wiqa arayze gafrenil frinvels daxatavda“6. .

amdagvaria ramdenime sxva piris naambobic. magram rogor Sevu-amdagvaria ramdenime sxva piris naambobic. magram rogor Sevu-

TanxmoT erTmaneTs ori ram – erTi mxriv, firosmanis gabmuli lo-TanxmoT erTmaneTs ori ram – erTi mxriv, firosmanis gabmuli lo-

Toba, meore mxriv, misi daucxrobeli SemoqmedebiTi Sroma, is, rom Toba, meore mxriv, misi daucxrobeli SemoqmedebiTi Sroma, is, rom

igi qmnida kompoziciebsa da portretebs, romlebic mowmobs maTi igi qmnida kompoziciebsa da portretebs, romlebic mowmobs maTi

agebis Rrmad gaazrebas da gamosaxulis arsSi Rrmad Cawvdomis un-agebis Rrmad gaazrebas da gamosaxulis arsSi Rrmad Cawvdomis un-

ars? rogorc Cans, es mogonebebi mainc calmxrivi da zerelea. ars? rogorc Cans, es mogonebebi mainc calmxrivi da zerelea.

magram maT Soris gvxvdeba zogi ram arsebiTic, rac gvixatavs magram maT Soris gvxvdeba zogi ram arsebiTic, rac gvixatavs

firosmanis muSaobasTan dakavSirebul epizodebsfirosmanis muSaobasTan dakavSirebul epizodebs7. erTxel, zafxu-. erTxel, zafxu-

lis dRes, dilaadrian nikom gadaWima muSamba da eloda begos dava-lis dRes, dilaadrian nikom gadaWima muSamba da eloda begos dava-

lebas – ra daexata. bego sagonebelSi iyo, raki ver igonebda siu-lebas – ra daexata. bego sagonebelSi iyo, raki ver igonebda siu-

Jets. gavida quCaSi, iqneb rame Sesaferi davinaxoo. da uceb xedavs Jets. gavida quCaSi, iqneb rame Sesaferi davinaxoo. da uceb xedavs

„daCardaxul“ urems, TeleTSi mimavali mlocvelebiT. urems verZi „daCardaxul“ urems, TeleTSi mimavali mlocvelebiT. urems verZi

hyavs gamobmuli, ubia wiTeli xarebi. wiTelxalaTa biWi SoltiT hyavs gamobmuli, ubia wiTeli xarebi. wiTelxalaTa biWi SoltiT

erekeba. begos duqnidan gamohyavs firosmani, am scenis daxatvas erekeba. begos duqnidan gamohyavs firosmani, am scenis daxatvas

32 vaxtang beriZesTxovs, „niko urems daacqerda, duqanSi Sebrunda da funjs xeli sTxovs, „niko urems daacqerda, duqanSi Sebrunda da funjs xeli

dastaca. mere erTxel kidev amovida da, roca Semobrunda, arayi dastaca. mere erTxel kidev amovida da, roca Semobrunda, arayi

momTxova... meore dRes suraTi Camabara – Wkvidam SemSala, ise iyo momTxova... meore dRes suraTi Camabara – Wkvidam SemSala, ise iyo

damzgavsebuli“damzgavsebuli“.7

Rvinis vaWari mesxiSvili igonebs: „rasac gindoda, dagixatav-Rvinis vaWari mesxiSvili igonebs: „rasac gindoda, dagixatav-

da. saRebavebi jibiT dahqonda. spiCkis kolofze lomi exata xolme, da. saRebavebi jibiT dahqonda. spiCkis kolofze lomi exata xolme,

gaxsovT? erTxel aseT kolofidan lomi gadmomixata. ra suraTic gaxsovT? erTxel aseT kolofidan lomi gadmomixata. ra suraTic

migecaT, mimsgavsebiT dagixatavdaT. bevri aqvs ase gadmoxatuli migecaT, mimsgavsebiT dagixatavdaT. bevri aqvs ase gadmoxatuli

wignebidan sxvisi dakveTiT. sxvaTa Soris Cemi portreti gaadida“ wignebidan sxvisi dakveTiT. sxvaTa Soris Cemi portreti gaadida“

(ra Tqma unda, fotosuraTidan)(ra Tqma unda, fotosuraTidan)8. .

didad sayuradReboa sozaSvilis naambobi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-didad sayuradReboa sozaSvilis naambobi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-

gor abezrebdnen Tavs nikos SemkveTni – ereodnen mis muSaobaSi, gor abezrebdnen Tavs nikos SemkveTni – ereodnen mis muSaobaSi,

darigebas aZlevdnen, zog risame damatebasa da Secvlas moiTxovd-darigebas aZlevdnen, zog risame damatebasa da Secvlas moiTxovd-

nen. es firosmans Zalian aRizianebda da zogjer muSaobas Tavsac nen. es firosmans Zalian aRizianebda da zogjer muSaobas Tavsac

anebebda, wavidoda da gadaikargeboda. magram iseTi SemTxvevebic anebebda, wavidoda da gadaikargeboda. magram iseTi SemTxvevebic

iyo, roca iZulebuli xdeboda Seesrulebina „patronebis“ moTxov-iyo, roca iZulebuli xdeboda Seesrulebina „patronebis“ moTxov-

na. sozaSvilma aRiara, rom am mxriv arc TviTon iyo ucodveli: na. sozaSvilma aRiara, rom am mxriv arc TviTon iyo ucodveli:

“1913 wels me vaxatvinebdi did suraTs „rTveli“... suraTis plans “1913 wels me vaxatvinebdi did suraTs „rTveli“... suraTis plans

(sicsic!) me vaZlevdi. vatyobdi, rom Zalian swyinda Cemi Tavze dgoma !) me vaZlevdi. vatyobdi, rom Zalian swyinda Cemi Tavze dgoma da erTxel momibrunda: wadi aqedan, Sen giyuro, Tu amasao. erTxel da erTxel momibrunda: wadi aqedan, Sen giyuro, Tu amasao. erTxel

Zlivs daviyolie, rom daepataravebina rTvelis suraTze rumbi.... Zlivs daviyolie, rom daepataravebina rTvelis suraTze rumbi....

meore Cemi SeniSvna iyo dabali xarebis gamoyvanaze. amis gagonebaze meore Cemi SeniSvna iyo dabali xarebis gamoyvanaze. amis gagonebaze

nikom dasdo yalami da mTeli erTi kvira aRarc Semouxednia...“nikom dasdo yalami da mTeli erTi kvira aRarc Semouxednia...“9 9

aq ar SeiZleba ar gagvaxsendes is, rac TviT nikom uTxra ilia aq ar SeiZleba ar gagvaxsendes is, rac TviT nikom uTxra ilia

zdaneviCs: „ai, yvela Cems suraTs mifuWeben. magaliTad, am sura-zdaneviCs: „ai, yvela Cems suraTs mifuWeben. magaliTad, am sura-

Tze daxatulia kurdReli. risTvis aris kurdReli, vis rad unda? Tze daxatulia kurdReli. risTvis aris kurdReli, vis rad unda?

magram vinc SemikveTa, mTxova, Cemi xaTriT daxate kurdRelio. magram vinc SemikveTa, mTxova, Cemi xaTriT daxate kurdRelio.

mec vxatav, – Cxubi ar minda. ase mifuWeben yvela suraTs“mec vxatav, – Cxubi ar minda. ase mifuWeben yvela suraTs“1010. sxva-. sxva-

gan zdaneviCi gviambobs, erTi meduqne Cemi TandaswrebiT sTxovda gan zdaneviCi gviambobs, erTi meduqne Cemi TandaswrebiT sTxovda

nikos, suraTSi mTvare Caumateo, da Zalian gaabraza. nikos, suraTSi mTvare Caumateo, da Zalian gaabraza.

kirile zdaneviCis wignSi firosmanis Sesaxeb ramdenime gverdi kirile zdaneviCis wignSi firosmanis Sesaxeb ramdenime gverdi

aqvs daTmobili firosmanis cxovrebas „eldorados“ baRSi. Cemi aqvs daTmobili firosmanis cxovrebas „eldorados“ baRSi. Cemi

azriT, es aRwera ramdenadme idiliur suraTs gvixatavs. asea Tu azriT, es aRwera ramdenadme idiliur suraTs gvixatavs. asea Tu

ise, „eldoradoSi“ nikos suraTebis erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari da ise, „eldoradoSi“ nikos suraTebis erT-erTi yvelaze mdidari da

saintereso koleqcia hqondaT. baRis patrons Zalian gauZnelda saintereso koleqcia hqondaT. baRis patrons Zalian gauZnelda

maTi daTmoba. firosmani marto dazgur suraTebs ki ar asrulebda, maTi daTmoba. firosmani marto dazgur suraTebs ki ar asrulebda,

g. leoniZe, iqve. sainteresoa, rom arsebobs am moTxrobis sxva variantic: xarebi

Savia, verZis nacvlad urems nagazi ubia, aris sxva detelebic; am variantiT suraTi

ukve erTi saaTis Semdeg iyo mzad. kidev erTi maCvenebeli, rom mowmeTa moTxrobebs

mainc garkveuli sifrTxiliT unda movekidoT.

33niko firosmanaSvilikedlebzec xatavda. yvela es moxatuloba daiRupa: zogi SeaTeTres kedlebzec xatavda. yvela es moxatuloba daiRupa: zogi SeaTeTres

qalaqis sanitaruli instanciebis moTxovniT – duqnebis kedlebi qalaqis sanitaruli instanciebis moTxovniT – duqnebis kedlebi

sufTa unda iyoso; zogi TviT SenobebTan erTad gaqra, zogis saRe-sufTa unda iyoso; zogi TviT SenobebTan erTad gaqra, zogis saRe-

bavebi Camocvivda; daikarga agreTve abrebis umetesobac. abrebs bavebi Camocvivda; daikarga agreTve abrebis umetesobac. abrebs

niko Tunuqze asrulebda, Tunuqs ki praqtikuli saWiroebisTvis niko Tunuqze asrulebda, Tunuqs ki praqtikuli saWiroebisTvis

iyenebdnen, miT ufro omis wlebSi, romlis Sedegebmac kidev ufro iyenebdnen, miT ufro omis wlebSi, romlis Sedegebmac kidev ufro

daamZima „sawyali nikalas“ isedac mZime cxovreba. daamZima „sawyali nikalas“ isedac mZime cxovreba.

IV. mxatvari firosmani „aRmoaCines“ pirveli msoflio omis IV. mxatvari firosmani „aRmoaCines“ pirveli msoflio omis

dawyebamde cota xniT adre. rogorc davinaxeT, garkveul wreebSi dawyebamde cota xniT adre. rogorc davinaxeT, garkveul wreebSi

Tbilisis mkvidrTa garkveul socialur fenebSi, igi ukve karga Tbilisis mkvidrTa garkveul socialur fenebSi, igi ukve karga

xania cnobili da popularuli iyo, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas af-xania cnobili da popularuli iyo, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mas af-

asebdnen kidec: raki misi suraTebi Rvinis sardafebSi moqeifeT mo-asebdnen kidec: raki misi suraTebi Rvinis sardafebSi moqeifeT mo-

swondaT, duqnebis mepatroneebis moTxovnac garantirebuli iyo. am swondaT, duqnebis mepatroneebis moTxovnac garantirebuli iyo. am

wreebSi, ra Tqma unda, ar sWirdebodaT firosmanis aRmoCena. magram wreebSi, ra Tqma unda, ar sWirdebodaT firosmanis aRmoCena. magram

„kulturuli fenebi“, inteligencia (SemoqmedebiTi inteligen-„kulturuli fenebi“, inteligencia (SemoqmedebiTi inteligen-

ciac) firosmans an ar icnobda, an ver amCnevda. ciac) firosmans an ar icnobda, an ver amCnevda.

igi „aRmoaCines“ Zmebma zdaneviCebma – mxatvarma kirilem da poet-igi „aRmoaCines“ Zmebma zdaneviCebma – mxatvarma kirilem da poet-

ma iliam (dediT qarTvelebma da saqarTveloSi dabadebulebma)ma iliam (dediT qarTvelebma da saqarTveloSi dabadebulebma),8 da da

maTma amxanagma mxatvarma mixeil le-dantium; male misi suraTebis maTma amxanagma mxatvarma mixeil le-dantium; male misi suraTebis

gamovlinebisa da Tavmoyris „kampaniaSi“ CaerTnen axalgazrda qa-gamovlinebisa da Tavmoyris „kampaniaSi“ CaerTnen axalgazrda qa-

rTveli mxatvrebic – dimitri SevardnaZe, lado gudiaSvili, daviT rTveli mxatvrebic – dimitri SevardnaZe, lado gudiaSvili, daviT

kakabaZe, mixeil Wiaureli, sruliad axalgazrda poloneli mxat-kakabaZe, mixeil Wiaureli, sruliad axalgazrda poloneli mxat-

vari ziga (sigizmund) valiSevski, romelic saqarTveloSi cxovrob-vari ziga (sigizmund) valiSevski, romelic saqarTveloSi cxovrob-

da, poeti kolau Cerniavski, iuristi da Jurnalisti sandro yanCeli. da, poeti kolau Cerniavski, iuristi da Jurnalisti sandro yanCeli.

kiril zdaneviCis naambobi: is da misi amxanagi le–dantiu, kiril zdaneviCis naambobi: is da misi amxanagi le–dantiu,

oriveni peterburgis samxatvro akademiis studentebi, da misi Zma oriveni peterburgis samxatvro akademiis studentebi, da misi Zma

ilia, universitetis studenti, 1912 wlis zafxulze ardadegebis ilia, universitetis studenti, 1912 wlis zafxulze ardadegebis

dros, Camovidnen TbilisSi. maT ganzraxuli hqondaT „etiudebis dros, Camovidnen TbilisSi. maT ganzraxuli hqondaT „etiudebis

Sesruleba, xuroTmoZRvrebis Seswavla (ilia gulgrilad ver Sesruleba, xuroTmoZRvrebis Seswavla (ilia gulgrilad ver

laparakobda saqarTvelos didebuli taZrebis Sesaxeb), leqsebis laparakobda saqarTvelos didebuli taZrebis Sesaxeb), leqsebis

SeTxzva, xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebis Segroveba... 1912 wlis SeTxzva, xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebis Segroveba... 1912 wlis

zafxulis dasawyisis erT saRamos moxda ambavi, romelic dRevan-zafxulis dasawyisis erT saRamos moxda ambavi, romelic dRevan-

del dRemde maRelvebs, maxarebs da guls miTbobs. me davinaxe uc-del dRemde maRelvebs, maxarebs da guls miTbobs. me davinaxe uc-

nobi mxatvris suraTebi... nobi mxatvris suraTebi...

erT saRamos Cven samni, qalaqSi xetialis dros, sadguris mo-erT saRamos Cven samni, qalaqSi xetialis dros, sadguris mo-

edanTan mivediT, ukve saRamos bindi iyo... Cveni yuradReba miipyro edanTan mivediT, ukve saRamos bindi iyo... Cveni yuradReba miipyro

mama – mixeil andrias Ze saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul polonelTa STamomavali,

pedagogi, gimna-ziaSi aswavlida frangul enas. deda – valentina kiriles asuli

gamyreliZe ganaTlebiT musikosi iyo (g.m.).

34 vaxtang beriZesamikitno „variagis“ abram – zed gamoxatuli iyo brZola zRvaze... samikitno „variagis“ abram – zed gamoxatuli iyo brZola zRvaze...

SesasvlelSi – Cveulebrivi, gemovnebiT gawyobili vitrina... siR-SesasvlelSi – Cveulebrivi, gemovnebiT gawyobili vitrina... siR-

rmeSi, daxlTan, idga msuqani meduqne. Sesvlisas davinaxeT kedelze rmeSi, daxlTan, idga msuqani meduqne. Sesvlisas davinaxeT kedelze

uwesrigod dakiduli suraTebi... warmosadegi, grZelulvaSa ma-uwesrigod dakiduli suraTebi... warmosadegi, grZelulvaSa ma-

makaci, xelSi RviniT savse yanwiT. mkacrad gviyurebda didi Savi makaci, xelSi RviniT savse yanwiT. mkacrad gviyurebda didi Savi

TvalebiT.... Cven warmogvidga mxatvroba, romelic srulebiT ar TvalebiT.... Cven warmogvidga mxatvroba, romelic srulebiT ar

hgavda imas, rac amgvar dawesebulebebSi gvenaxa“. gaocebuli axal-hgavda imas, rac amgvar dawesebulebebSi gvenaxa“. gaocebuli axal-

gazrdebi akvirdebian suraTebs, ekiTxebian samikitnos patrons maTi gazrdebi akvirdebian suraTebs, ekiTxebian samikitnos patrons maTi

avtoris Sesaxeb, igeben mis gvars, misi misamarTis gagebac surT. avtoris Sesaxeb, igeben mis gvars, misi misamarTis gagebac surT.

„eh, sawyali, – upasuxeben maT, – ukve mravali weliwadia oTaxi „eh, sawyali, – upasuxeben maT, – ukve mravali weliwadia oTaxi

aRara aqvs, moxetiale kacia, aiRebs saRebavebis yuTs da midis, da aRara aqvs, moxetiale kacia, aiRebs saRebavebis yuTs da midis, da

sad midis – veravin ver getyviT“. sad midis – veravin ver getyviT“.

aRtacebuli axalgazrdebi iwyeben Zebnas. aRtacebuli axalgazrdebi iwyeben Zebnas.

ilia zdaneviCis dRiuridan: „mxatvari movZebneT. mivuaxlovdiT ilia zdaneviCis dRiuridan: „mxatvari movZebneT. mivuaxlovdiT

erT saxls malaknebis quCaze, iq dagvanaxes niko, romelic tro-erT saxls malaknebis quCaze, iq dagvanaxes niko, romelic tro-

tuarze idga. funjiT kedelze akeTebda warweras „sarZeve“, Semo-tuarze idg