recycling of plastics in indian perspective

RECYCLING OF PLASTICS IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Presented By:Dr. Smita MohantyDirector (Principal Scientist), CIPET:SARP-APDDRL, BengaluruDepartment of Chemicals & PetrochemicalsMinistry of Chemicals & FertilizersGovt. of India

@ UNIDO Office, VIC, Vienna

Government of India

• Plastics Consumption in India- Few Statistics

• Structure of Plastics Industry in India

• Plastics Products Demand – Growth Drivers

• Plastics Waste Generation – Key Challenges

• Circular Economy & EPR in India – Challenges in India

• Plastics Waste Recycling & its value addition

• CIPET’s initiative in Plastics Recycling

• Collaboration with UNIDO

AGENDA OF TALK Government of India

PLASTIC CONSUMPTION IN INDIA

• Plastics have become an integral and important part of

the global economy due to its low cost, versatility,

durability and high strength to-weight ratio.

• The Plastics Processing Industry has grown at a CAGR of

10 % in volume terms from 8.3 MMTPA in FY10 to 13.4

MMTPA in FY15

• Expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 10.5 % from

FY15 to FY20 to reach 22 MMTPA due to its extensive

application.

(Source: Industry reports, TATA strategic analysis)

• In India the Govt. initiative such as “Make In India”, Skill In

India” and “Digital India” have increased the growth of

plastic products.

Government of India

INDIA’S PLASTIC

CONSUMPTION

IS A TENTH OF US’S

Source: AIPMA and PlastIndia, TATA Strategic analysis

Government of India

RISE OF PLASTIC

CONSUMPTION

IN INDIA (Per Year)

Source: Central Pollution Control Board

Government of India

STRUCTURE OF INDIAN PLASTIC INDUSTRY

Source: CRISIL, Plastindia Foundation, Kanvic, TSMG Analysis

Government of India

The entire chain in the Plastic industry classified as:

(A) Upstream sector: Manufacturing of polymers and

(B) Downstream sector:

Conversion of polymers into plastic articles

• The upstream polymermanufacturers - commissioned

globally competitive size plants

with imported state-of-art

technology from the world

leaders.

• The downstream plasticprocessing industry - highly

fragmented - consists of micro,

small and medium units

PLASTIC PRODUCTS DEMAND GROWTH DRIVERS

Agriculture

• Advanced Agricultural Technology

• Distribution Channels

• Refrigerated Storage

Infrastructure

• Building & Construction

• Public Utility Services

• Mega Highway Projects

Packaging

Industry

• Food/Processed Food

• FMCG Items

• Packaged & Fast Food Industry

Other Growth

Areas

• Industrial / Rigid Packaging

• Automotive / Appliances

• Medical / Personal Care

Source: FICCI

Government of India

PLASTIC WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

Central Pollution Control Board has estimated for the

2017-18

Plastic Waste in India : 26,000 TPD : 9.4 MTA

Plastic Waste Recycled : 15,600 TPD : 5.6 MTA

Uncollected and littered : 9,400 TPD: 3.8 MTA

Government of India

PROBLEMS RELATING TO PLASTIC WASTE IN INDIA: KEY CHALLENGES

Challenges across the value chain…..

• Smaller Skilled units – low value with no incentive to collect

• Lack of awareness –littering, non segregation at source

• High cost of collection and transportation

• Manual processes lacks automation

• Absence of a comprehensive and consistent policy

• Challenges in implementation

Government of India

INNOVATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES SYSTEMATICALLY

Maximize through awareness campaign

Minimize through regulatory intervention and landfill taxation

Minimize waste and maximize value through

circular economyapproach

Prevention/Reduction

Reuse

Recycle

Waste to earth

Incineration

Land filling

Co-processing100 % material recovery

100 % energy recovery

Beneficial

use of material and

energy

Waste disposal

Government of India

RISING PLASTIC WASTE:NEED OF RECYCLING

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Government of India

CURRENT DEFAULT MODEL : LINEAR ECONOMIC MODEL

RISING PLASTIC WASTE:NEED OF RECYCLING

Government of India

Linear economic model - unprecedented prosperity for billions of people ; innovation and global supply chains.

Circular Economy - continuous economic growth, sustainability, social responsibilities

CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR PLASTICS EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY

Extending Producer’s Responsibility

beyond consumption

Key objectives of EPR:

1. Design for environment

2. Resource Security

3. Share/Transfer the responsibility/cost of

collection & disposal

One Man’s Waste is other’s RESOURCE Towards ZERO WASTE…

Maximize recycling through unconventional solutions, sustained funding……….

Government of India

EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR)-REGULATION IN INDIA

• Lead Acid Batteries since 2000

• E Waste Management Rules, 2011, 2016

• Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016

Issues:

• Lack of understanding around EPR- what would work

for India with a large rural base

• No consistent long term strategy around CE and EPR

• Lack of infrastructure for collection and recycling,

largely informal, can't be tracked

• Not much clarity on the roles and responsibilities of

different stake holders

• Inadequate monitoring, provision for penal action

Government of India

EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) EXECUTION PARTNER Government of India

EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) FOR PLASTICS: CHALLENGES IN

INDIA

• Lack of infrastructure for primary collection

• Lack of recycling and processing facilities

• Large percentage of unbranded litter

• Strict Monitoring and control

• Recycling vs WtE and Co-processing

Government of India

ECONOMIC ASPECT OF RECYCLING IN INDIA

Financial Benefits

• Make money selling recyclables

• Community Financial Benefits

Saves Energy

• Use of recycled materials reduce the

energy consumption

Resource Conservation

• Proper utilization of plastics leads to lesser production demand

Builds Community

•People work together, Communicate,

Share ideas, Support each other

Job Creation

•Sector is ripe with work opportunities for middle-class people and those with limited education•Green jobs are essential for our economy and have an equally significant hand in making our planet a better place to live on

Government of India

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT OF RECYCLING IN INDIA

Landfill sites are reduced• Waste is disposed of in the landfills which causes a number

of environmental problems• Choosing to recycle materials like paper, cardboard,

metal, plastic, etc., means you are keeping them awayfrom landfills

Energy Consumption is Minimized• Making recycled plastic products requires less energy and

resources as compared to making new plastic products forexample.

Pollution is Reduced• When you recycle the waste instead of sending it to the

landfills, you are directly reducing the pollution that occursas a result of landfill. Further, recycling various productsleads to less carbon emissions, reducing the carbon

footprint that product.

Government of India

RECYCLING PROCESS AND TECHNIQUES ADOPTED IN INDIA

COLLECTION

SORTING

SHREDDING

CLEANING

MELTING

REUSING

Government of India

MAJOR SOURCES OF PLASTICS WASTEIN INDIA

Packaging

E-Waste

Biomedical

Auto-waste

PACKAGING WASTE CONSTITUTES THEMAJOR PART OF PLASTIC WASTE IN INDIA

• Plastics Recycling rate - 60%

• PET recycling rate - 90%

• PET Composition - 10%

• Non PET recycling rate - 55-60%

• Solutions required for :

Chips and Confectionery bags- Multilayer

Garbage Bag

Food Bag

One time use sachets

Sanitary Waste/Diapers

Government of India

CURRENT PLASTIC PACKAGING RECYCLING RATE

…….Better Recycling rates in IndiaIndia fares far better in plastic recycling –

THANKS TO THE WASTE PICKER BASED RECYCLING ECONOMY……

Government of India

VALUE ADDITION OF RECYCLED PLASTIC PACKAGING MATERIAL IN INDIA

A thriving informal market for recycling plastics in India has emerged HOWEVER, IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO MULTIPLE CHALLENGES…….

Government of India

UNCONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS –HIDDEN OPPORTUNITIES……

Plastics have extremely good binding properties• Improves performance of road• Minimize moisture absorption • Improves impact, abrasion and

crushing value

Safe disposal of waste plastics� Minimal segregation, cleaning

required � All types of packing materials can

be used

Waste Plastic – a binder in road construction

Time to use plastic waste for laying our roads –

MAKE OUR ROADS POT HOLES FREE

Government of India

Waste Plastic – a hidden fuel

UNCONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS –HIDDEN OPPORTUNITIES…… Government of India

Constructed eco-friendly structures using discarded plastic bottles and mud for storage

UNCONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS –HIDDEN OPPORTUNITIES…… Government of India

ELECTRONIC WASTE IN INDIA

Composition of all materials in E-waste Composition of all plastics in E-waste

Source: Inventorisation of E-Waste and Developing a Policy – Bulk Consumer Perspective, 2016XiaoningYang, “Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review-2013.

Government of India

� Projection by International Association of Electronic Recycler (IAER).

• 3 billion electronic and electrical appliances became WEEE in 2010.

• Globally about to 20 – 50 million tonnes of E-Waste are disposed of each year.

� According to Comptroller and Auditor-General’s (CAG) Report, • 4 lakh Tonnes of electronic waste, are generated in the country

annually

� According to the joint study by ASSOCHAM-NEC, out of the total E-waste produced in 2016, only 20 per cent (8.9 MT) is documented to be collected properly and recycled, while there is no record of the remaining e-waste

� According to a joint study by ASSOCHAM-NEC, Maharashtra contributes the most to the 2 million tonnes of e-waste generated in India. The state generates 19.8 per cent (3,96,000 tonnes per annum) of country’s E-waste, but recycles only about 47,810 tonnes per annum

ELECTRONIC WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA Government of India

Source of E-Waste

• IT and Telecom equipment

• Large household appliances

• Small Household appliances

• Consumer and Lighting equipment

• Electrical and electronic tools

• Medical devices

• Toys and sports equipment


E-WASTE COMPONENTS AND ITS CONTRIBUTION Government of India

ELECTRONIC WASTEMANAGEMENT IN INDIA Government of India

Government of India

ELECTRONIC WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

VALUE ADDITION OF RECYCLED ELECTRONIC WASTE

Decorative glass panels

Wood Plastic Panels

Acoustic Panels

Government of India

• More than 500 tonnes/day of biomedical waste is generatedfrom 1,69,913 healthcare facilities (HCFs) (Source: CPCB)

• India generated 4.95lakh kg bio-medical waste a day in 2014,5.01lakh kg a day in 2015, and 5.19lakh kg a day in 2016

• Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 -18 require thatthe effluent generated or treated from the premises of HCFsshould conform to the specified standard as provided inSchedule-II (8) before their discharge into the sewer.

• According to the state-wise report, Maharashtra generates81,522 kg/day. Second on the list is Karnataka (at 75,773 kg/day), followed by Tamil Nadu (46,229 kg a day) and Kerala(43,061 kg/day).

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

Government of India

WASTE CATEGORY TYPES OF WASTE

Category No.1 Anatomical Waste

Category No.2 Animal Waste

Category No.3 Microbiology and biotechnology waste

Category No.4 Sharp waste

Category No.5 Discarded medicine and cytotoxic drugs

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE - CATEGORY

WASTE CATEGORY TYPES OF WASTE

Category No.6 Soiled waste

Category No.7 Solid Waste

Category No.8 Liquid Waste

Category No.9 Incineration ash

Category No.10 Chemical waste Radioactive materials

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE - CATEGORY

• Improper practices – dumping : leads to the

spread of diseases.

• Emissions from incinerators & open burning -leads to exposure to harmful gases causing

cancer and respiratory diseases.

• Exposure to radioactive waste in the wastestream - causes serious health hazards.

• Increasing number of diabetics - with insulin,

home nurses in terminally ill patients etc. -

generate bio-medical waste -cause health

hazards.

HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO BIO-MEDICAL WASTE Government of India

SEGREGATION OFBIO-MEDICAL WASTE Government of India

TREATMENT OPTIONS forBIO-MEDICAL WASTE Government of India

• Incineration – Once the method of choice. Still the only method for human/animal tissues and body parts.

• Autoclaving – Steam treatment. Once treated, waste can be disposed of normally in solid-waste landfills.

• Microwaving – High-powered microwave renders waste inert. Can

then be disposed of normally - RECYLING

• Chemical – Works for some biomedical waste but mostly for chemical waste.

• Biological – Uses enzymes. Still experimental.

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENTIN INDIA Government of India

PLASTICS INBIO-MEDICAL WASTE Government of India

• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – Most commonly –pre-sterilised

applications

• Polypropylene (PP)

• Polyethylene (PE)

• Polystyrene (PS)

• Nylon

• Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

• Polyimide (PA)

• Polycarbonate (PC)

• Acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS)

• Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)

• Polyurethane (PU).

Bed pans, insulin pens, IV tubes, tube fittings, plastic cups & pitchers, eye patches, surgical and examination gloves, inflatable splints, inhalation masks, tubing for dialysis, disposable gowns, wipes and droppers, urine continence and ostomy products

Application Arena

VALUE ADDITION OF PLASTICS INBIO-MEDICAL WASTE

Waste PVC recovered from Biomedical waste after Microwave treatment – high quality Original Products

Government of India

Application Potential

AUTO-WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

Government of India

Leading Manufacturers

AUTO WASTE Estimated potential -in Indian Market

Remain un-utilized

Expected growth@ 10-12% per annum

Plastics in ELV

Materials in ELV

PLASTICS IN AUTO-WASTE

Government of India

Value ADDITION of PLASTICS IN AUTO-WASTE Government of India

Value added metalValue added plastics

Dismantling

metalsplastics

New car After End of life

50

CIPET’s – NATIONAL PRESENCE

Government of India

AHMEDABAD

BHUBANESWAR

CHENNAI

COCHIN

LUCKNOW

E-waste

Recycling

Flyash

Utilization

Biopolymers

Nanocomposites

Green Technology

Fuel Cells

Solar Cells

Gas Separation

Water Purification

Conducting

Polymers

Shape Memory

Polymers

Carbon Nanotubes

Biosensors

Piezoelectric

Polymers

Foul Release

Coatings

Conductive

Adhesives

Bio-based

systems

51

RESEARCH (FOCUSED) AREAS

@ SARP

Government of India

Lab to Pilot Scale – Automotive Waste

Bio-based natural fiberreinforced composites

Development of short / long fiber & microfibril

composites

Product development & validation

LIGHT WEIGHT AUTO-PARTS FROM BIO-COMPOSITES

Products validated as per standards & are ready for ToT

52

CIPET’s – INITIATIVE IN PLASTICS RECYCLING

Government of India

Segregation & identification of

plastics from WEEE

Optimization of processing parameters

Product development & validation

HIGH-END PRODUCTS FROM WEEE PLASTICS

Products validated as per Intl. standards & Technology Transferred

E-Waste to Wealth

Incubation Cell for Incubation Cell for Incubation Cell for Incubation Cell for

EntrepreneursEntrepreneursEntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

(Hand(Hand(Hand(Hand----holding)holding)holding)holding)

53

Government of India


• Trainedprofessional forPlastics RecyclingIndustries

• TechnicalSupport Servicesto PlasticsRecyclingIndustries

A Model Centre on “Plastics Waste Management” @ CIPET Guwahati

1 Ton of mixed plastics waste to 400-500 ltrs. of Heavy Oil


Government of India

Biopolymer based products

Eco-friendly packaging & agro-products

Process optimization vis-à-vis conventional

materials & technologies

Biodegradability / Compostability

Validation

ECO-FRIENDLY PACKAGING & AGRO- PRODUCTS

Lab to Pilot Scale

55


Government of India

Bio-transducers from conducting biocompatible polymers for detection of metabolites

Platform for sensing cholesterol,triglycerides, low / high densitylipo-proteins

Integration into handy portablediagnostic device

Flexible Electronic Devices for on-line monitoring of body parameters

Piezoelectric polymer membranesfor determining temperature, heartbeat, pulse, blood pressure etc.

Wearable & comfy devices to beassimilated onto garments forcontinuous monitoring

High performance hollow fiber membranes for hemodialysis

Hollow fiber membranes withdesired porosity for removal oftoxins of varied sizes

Indigenous alternative for currentlyimported dialysis cartridges

56

CIPET’s – INITIATIVE IN OTHERPLASTICS BASED PRODUCTS

Government of India

Conductive Adhesives

Weld-free technology : Adhesives with thermal conductivity for sensingtemperature under controlled conditions

Effective glue material for metals & FRPs at wide range of temperatures

Conductive Composites with EMI Shielding

Formulation development for injection moldable composites for EMI shieldingapplications

Alternative for currently used metal housings (aluminium / magnesium)

Piezoelectric Composite Membranes

Cost-effective, easily processable and light weight alternative for heavy ceramichydrophones

Membranes with high piezo-sensitivity for use as SONARs in marine navigationsystems

57

CIPET’s – OTHERTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS

Government of India

COMPOSTING FACILITY @ APARTMENTSKitchen Waste to Compost – Facility Set-up

Government of India

• Addressing theComposability ofthe CompostablePolymers

The Boeing Company, USA

Synthesis of diphenylethynyl end-caps & Polyimide

thereof

M/s Artlux Toffliners, Mexico

Weather and UV resistant coatings for automobile

liners

Bio-based Composites for Automotive Applications

CanadaWashington

India

Michigan

Mexico

South Africa

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, South Africa

Rigid & Flexible packaging for perishable & non-perishable

items

CURRENT OVERSEAS - TIE-UPS

59

Government of India

ASSETS & ACHIEVEMENTS (R&D)

� Patented Technologies

� Technology Transfer Initiatives

� Many Text Books & Book Chapters

� Awards & recognitions for innovative research by various agencies

� Seminars / Workshops / Training Programmes for Indian / Overseas candidates

� National / International tie-ups with leading Universities / Industries / Organizations

300+Conference

Presentations

30+Scientists

50+Sponsored

Projects

400+International Publications

Research Scholars

70+

60

Government of India

COLLABORATIVE ASSIGNMENTS: CIPET & UNIDO

The New Plastics Economy:

Eco-solutions for balancing Economic and Environmental Sustainability

Circular Economy: Role and Implementation

in Plastic Packaging

Waste to Resource (W2R):

A Conceptual Framework &

Entrepreneurship Opportunities

Plastic Recycling Technologies:

Current Industry Trends and Challenges in India

Government of India

Design & Development of New Polymers – As an Alternative to existing Petroleum Feedstock

1

2

3

4

Emerging Trends in Plastics Recycling – Improving Technology Development in Processes & Materials

Generating Waste out ofWealth – Value addition ofWaste Plastics for High EndApplications

Promoting Circular Economy &EPR Management in theCountry

Need a mindset change“Not In My Back Yard”-mindset cannot continue, for

nature this entire planet is its backyard

Collaborate for the futureCreate a win-win for both present and the future

Use technology as a partner

Catalyze the development and implementation of circular business models

“YES WE CAN”

Let’s come together to help spearhead India as a global leader in circular economy

CONCLUSION

Government of India

Thank You

recycling of plastics in indian perspective

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