recovery and transition: building resilient community

Slide 1

Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:

Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction

Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure

Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery

Explain Community Disaster Resilience

Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

Disaster Recovery
Recovery

... focuses on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses.

In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programs to ensure that their inputs become assets for development.

(source: United Nations Development Program 2001)

CommunityPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood(Vulnerable)
Hazard
RisksPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood
Capacities usedTo manage Risks,(Damages, Losses Needs)
Recovery/Rehabilitation
Emergency
Disaster
Recovery Phase

Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (DANA) a description of what has happened and what needs to be done Direct damage

Damage Assessment and Loss Analysis (DALA) includes quantification of direct, indirect, economic, social, and psychological damage incurred by a disaster indirect losses

Comprehensive DALA:

indirect losses

estimation of macro-economic impacts national income government debt trade deficit development prospects

estimation of intangible impacts social psychological environmental loss of life


What are the damages and lossesincurred in a typhoon disaster, the needs, and the capacities utilized during the response operations that we need to rebuild, recover for the better?

Exercise 1

Risks of DisasterAreas for recoveryNeeds for recoveryPartnersDamagesLossesOther capacities utilized

Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time

stagetime-framegeneral needshealth needsimmediatefirst 24 hourssearch and rescueevacuation / shelterfoodwaterpublic information systemfirst aidtriageprimary medical caretransport / ambulancesacute medical and surgical careemergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability registers)short-termend of first weeksecurityenergy (fuel, heating, light, etc.)environmental health services for:vector controlpersonal hygienesanitation, waste disposal etc.emergency epidemiological surveillance for Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potentialcontrol of disease of public health significancecontrol of acute intestinal and respiratory diseasecare of the deadgeneral curative servicesnutritional surveillance and support (including micronutrient supplementation)measles vaccination and Vitamin A

Health Roles in Managing Risks

stagetime-framegeneral needshealth needsmedium termend of first monthprotection (legal and physical)employmentpublic transportpublic communicationspsychosocial services(re) establishment of the health information systemrestoration of preventive health care services such as EPI, MCH, etc.restoration of priority disease control programmes such as TB, malaria, etc.restoration of services of non-communicable diseases / obstetricscare of the disabledlong termend of 3 monthseducationagricultureenvironmental protectionreconstruction and rehabilitationspecific training programmeshealth information campaigns / health education programmesdisability and psychosocial careconclusioncompensation / reconstructionevaluation of lessons learnedrestitution / rehabilitationrevision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plansprevention and preparednessupgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes


1. Saving Lives 2. Emergency Aid 3. Short term Intervention4.Emergency Funding 5. Providing for the Community. 6. Emergency (Relief) Aid. 7. Spontaneous Interventions 8. Consumption Subsidy 9. Politicization of Emergencies. 10. Short Time Frame used advantageously.
1. Saving Livelihoods2. Support to rehabilitation3. Longer term planning4. Combined Funding Proposals

5. Working with the community 6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support7. Appropriate Interventions8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence 10. Strengthening of Coping Strategies
1. Building Livelihoods 2. Building Communities3.Long Term Development 4. Developmental Funding5. Understanding the community 6. Developmental Support 7. Planned strategies. 8. Investment Subsidy9. Political Proficiency10. Sustainability

TRANSITION
RESPONSE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Recovery - from Response to Development


Opportunities in disasters

What are the opportunities in recovery and reconstruction that might be considered for long-term capacity development?

Q & A

Some opportunities for development (of health systems):

additional financial resources (national / international)

additional human resources (national / international)

lessons learned from experience, including gaps in health system

demonstration and opportunities for training needs

reconstruction but build back better

social pressure and political will to reduce risk and enhance capacity

Warning Indicators(Flash Points)
WARNING PHASE

Months / Weeks / Hours
EMERGENCYPHASE

Days / Weeks
MitigationPreparedness
Search & Rescue
Emergency Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Ongoing Development
Rapid / Detailed Assessment
SuddenImpact
Rehabilitation / Recovery

Many Months
TIME
ACTIVITY
1
2
3
4
5
Emergency Response and Recovery

From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction
If there is no clear cut boundary between responses and recovery processes this means:

Dont wait, think ahead!

Build on the momentum of response to anticipate longer-term recovery and reconstruction.

Medium-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process
Some key health effects from disasters: contamination of food and water supplies, emotional stress, epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.endemic diseasesreduced health levels decline in nutritional status

Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery Process
PsychosocialConcurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental health services, increase in incidence of common mental health problemsPsycho physiologicalBehavioralEmotionalCognitive

Emergency health care system addresses acute cases and initiate long-term plan for community- based psychological interventions.

Q & A
What is your concept about Resilience in the context of disaster management?

Resilience
The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential structures and functions

ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster

Resilience
Resilience of a community in respect to potential hazard events is determined by the degree to which the community has the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself both to and during times of need

Q & A
Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient Community based on the definition given?

Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.

Resilient Community
A resilient community has the capacity to:

absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance or adaptation

manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disasters

recover or bounce back after and event

Exercise 2: Resilient Community
Revisit the Exercise 1 Output. From this the community can now recover for better.

Based from your outputs, conceptualize by listing down the Elements of a Resilient Community.

Resilience vs. Capacity
Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior, strategies and measures for risk reduction and management that are normally understood as capacities

though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity often mean the same as resilience

focus of resilience what communities can do for themselves and how to strengthen their capacities rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to disaster or their needs in an emergency

Resilient Community

Disaster Resilient Community is ideal that no community can ever be completely safe from natural and man-made hazards!!!

Components of Resilient Community
Governance

Risk Assessment

Knowledge and Education

Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction

Disaster Preparedness and Response

1. Governance
Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment Legal and regulatory systems Integration with development policies and planning Integration with emergency response and recovery Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures; allocation of responsibilities Partnership Accountability

2. Risk Assessment
Hazards/Risks data assessment Vulnerability and impact data assessment Scientific and technical capacities and innovation
3. Knowledge and Education
Public awareness, knowledge and skills Information management sharing Education and training Cultures, attitudes, motivation Learning and research

4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction
Environment and natural resource management Health and well being Sustainable livelihoods Social protection Financial instruments Physical protection; structural and technical measures Planning regimes

5. Disaster Preparedness and Response
Organizational capacities and coordination Early Warning Systems Preparedness and contingency planning Emergency resources and infrastructure Emergency response and recovery Participation, volunteerism, accountability

ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience
A community organization A DRR and disaster preparedness plan A community early warning system Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer house construction, fire fighting Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc. Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions A community disaster reduction fund to implement risk reduction activities Safer sources of livelihood

Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:

Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction

Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure

Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery

Explain Community Disaster Resilience

Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

Thank You

Point out the different time points to be considered in the activity.
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the safest possible commuity that we have the knowledge to design and build in a natural hazard context; minimizing its vulnerabilities by maximizing the application of DRR measures DRR is therefore the collection of actions or process, undertaken towards achieving resilience DRR is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster; aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as Dealing with th environmental and other hazards that trigger them; it is the responsibility of development and relief agencies alike
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recovery and transition: building resilient community

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