Recovery and Transition: Building Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this course, the participant should be able to:

Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction

Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure

Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery

Explain Community Disaster Resilience

Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Disaster RecoveryRecovery

“... focuses on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses.

In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programs to ensure that their inputs become assets for development.”

(source: United Nations Development Program 2001)

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

CommunityPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood(Vulnerable)

Hazard RisksPeoplePropertyEnvironmentServicesLivelihood

Capacities usedTo manage Risks,(Damages, Losses Needs)

Recovery/Rehabilitation

Emergency

Disaster

Recovery Phase

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

What are the damages and lossesincurred in an earthquake disaster, the

needs, and the capacities utilized during the response operations that we need to

rebuild, recover for the better?

Exercise 1

Risks of Disaster Areas for recovery Needs for recovery Partners

Damages

Losses

Other capacities utilized

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time

stagetime-frame

general needs health needs

immediatefirst 24 hours

search and rescueevacuation / shelterfoodwaterpublic information system

first aid

triage

primary medical care

transport / ambulances

acute medical and surgical care

emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability registers)

short-term

end of first week

securityenergy (fuel, heating, light, etc.)environmental health services for:•vector control•personal hygiene•sanitation, waste disposal etc.

emergency epidemiological surveillance for Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential

control of disease of public health significance

control of acute intestinal and respiratory disease

care of the dead

general curative services

nutritional surveillance and support (including micronutrient supplementation)

measles vaccination and Vitamin A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Health Roles in Managing Risksstage

time-frame

general needs health needs

medium term

end of first

month

protection (legal and physical)employmentpublic transportpublic communicationspsychosocial services

(re) establishment of the health information system

restoration of preventive health care services such as EPI, MCH, etc.

restoration of priority disease control programmes such as TB, malaria, etc.

restoration of services of non-communicable diseases / obstetrics

care of the disabled

long term end of 3 months

educationagricultureenvironmental protection

reconstruction and rehabilitation

specific training programmes

health information campaigns / health education programmes

disability and psychosocial care

conclusion compensation / reconstruction

evaluation of lessons learned

restitution / rehabilitation

revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans

prevention and preparedness

upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

1. Saving Lives 2. Emergency Aid 3. Short term Intervention4.Emergency Funding 5. Providing for the Community. 6. Emergency (Relief) Aid. 7. Spontaneous Interventions 8. Consumption Subsidy 9. Politicization of Emergencies. 10. Short Time Frame used advantageously.

1. Saving Livelihoods2. Support to rehabilitation3. Longer term planning4. Combined Funding Proposals

5. Working with the community 6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support7. Appropriate Interventions8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence 10. Strengthening of Coping Strategies 1. Building Livelihoods 2. Building Communities

3.Long Term Development 4. Developmental Funding5. Understanding the community 6. Developmental Support 7. Planned strategies. 8. Investment Subsidy9. Political Proficiency10. Sustainability

TRANSITION

RESPONSE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Recovery - from Response to Development

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

“Opportunities in disasters”

What are the opportunities in recovery and reconstruction that might be considered for long-term capacity

development?

Q & A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Some opportunities for development (of health systems):

additional financial resources (national / international)

additional human resources (national / international)

lessons learned from experience, including gaps in health system

demonstration and opportunities for training needs

reconstruction but “build back better”

social pressure and political will to reduce risk and enhance capacity

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Warning Indicators(Flash Points)

WARNING PHASE

Months / Weeks / Hours

EMERGENCYPHASE

Days / Weeks

MitigationPreparedness

Search & Rescue

Emergency Relief

Rehabilitation

Reconstruction

Ongoing Development

Rapid / Detailed Assessment

SuddenImpact

Rehabilitation / Recovery

Many Months

TIME

ACTIVITY

12

34 5

Emergency Response and Recovery

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction

If there is no clear cut boundary between responses and recovery

processes… this means:

Don’t wait, think ahead!

Build on the momentum of response to anticipate longer-term

recovery and reconstruction.

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Medium-term Health Considerations for the

Recovery Process

Some key health effects from disasters:

contamination of food and water supplies,

emotional stress,

epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.

endemic diseases

reduced health levels

decline in nutritional status

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Long-term Health Considerations for the Recovery

ProcessPsychosocialConcurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental health services, increase in incidence of common mental health problems•Psycho physiological•Behavioral•Emotional•Cognitive

Emergency health care system addresses acute cases and initiate long-term plan for community- based psychological interventions.

Q & A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

What is your concept about Resilience in the context of disaster management?

Resilience

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential structures and functions

ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster

Resilience

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Resilience of a community in respect to potential hazard events is determined by the degree to which the community has the necessary resources and is capable of organizing itself both to and during times of need

Q & A

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient Community based on the definition given?

Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.

Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

A resilient community has the capacity to:

absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance or adaptation

manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disasters

recover or bounce back after and event

Resilience vs. Capacity

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior, strategies and measures for risk reduction and management that are normally understood as capacities

though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity often mean the same as resilience

focus of resilience – what communities can do for themselves and how to strengthen their capacities rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to disaster or their needs in an emergency

Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

“Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no community can ever be completely safe from natural and man-made hazards……!!!

Components of Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

1. Governance

2. Risk Assessment

3. Knowledge and Education

4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction

5. Disaster Preparedness and Response

1. Governance

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment Legal and regulatory systems Integration with development policies and planning Integration with emergency response and recovery Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures; allocation of responsibilities Partnership Accountability

2. Risk Assessment

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Hazards/Risks data assessment Vulnerability and impact data assessment Scientific and technical capacities and innovation

3. Knowledge and Education Public awareness, knowledge and skills Information management sharing Education and training Cultures, attitudes, motivation Learning and research

4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Environment and natural resource management Health and well being Sustainable livelihoods Social protection Financial instruments Physical protection; structural and technical measures Planning regimes

5. Disaster Preparedness and Response

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Organizational capacities and coordination Early Warning Systems Preparedness and contingency planning Emergency resources and infrastructure Emergency response and recovery Participation, volunteerism, accountability

ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level of resilience

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

A community organization A DRR and disaster preparedness plan A community early warning system Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue, medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer house construction, fire fighting Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc. Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions A community disaster reduction fund to implement risk reduction activities Safer sources of livelihood

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this course, the participant should be able to:

Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster recovery and reconstruction

Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of health services and infrastructure

Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and health systems capacity development during disaster recovery

Explain Community Disaster Resilience

Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Thank You