A Nation UnitedA Nation UnitedA Nation UnitedA Nation United

**NORTH’S ECONOMY**NORTH’S ECONOMY

• Northern and Midwest economy Northern and Midwest economy booming booming because of war profits.because of war profits.

• Northerners Northerners sought to expand markets.sought to expand markets.

• Northern factory owners had become rich Northern factory owners had become rich off of the war. off of the war.

• Would lead to the Industrial Revolution Would lead to the Industrial Revolution

TRANSCONTINENTAL RRTRANSCONTINENTAL RR18691869

**TRANSCONTINENTAL RR**TRANSCONTINENTAL RR

• COMPLETED IN COMPLETED IN 18691869

• SPURRED SPURRED WESTWARD EXPANSIONWESTWARD EXPANSION

• MOVED SETTLERS MOVED SETTLERS BETWEEN THE BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND THE PACIFIC MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND THE PACIFIC OCEANOCEAN

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

**SOUTH’S ECONOMY**SOUTH’S ECONOMY• The South’s economy was ruined: The South’s economy was ruined:

sharecroppingsharecropping grew as labor system- grew as labor system-poor tenant farming.poor tenant farming.

• Thousands of acres of farmland had been Thousands of acres of farmland had been destroyed in total wardestroyed in total war

• Poorest section of the US for decadesPoorest section of the US for decades

• Atlanta and Richmond ruined-largest Atlanta and Richmond ruined-largest cities in the Southcities in the South

SharecroppingSharecropping

Ruined SouthRuined South

Ruined SouthRuined South

**CARPETBAGGERS**CARPETBAGGERS

Northerners who came South to take advantage of economic conditions-

Called “carpetbaggers”

**President Lincoln’s Plan

**President Lincoln’s Plan

* BELIEVED THAT THE ATTEMPTED SECESSION WAS ILLEGAL BUT DID NOT WANT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO PUNISH THE SOUTH

* HE WANTED RECONSTRUCTION TO QUICKLY RESTORE LEGITIMATE STATE GOVERNMENTS THAT WERE LOYAL TO THE UNION

***LINCOLN’S QUOTE***LINCOLN’S QUOTE

• HE SAID REGARDING THE SOUTH-THE HE SAID REGARDING THE SOUTH-THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ACT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD ACT ““WITH MALICE TOWARDS NONE AND WITH MALICE TOWARDS NONE AND CHARITY FOR ALL… TO BIND UP THE CHARITY FOR ALL… TO BIND UP THE NATION’S WOUNDSNATION’S WOUNDS””

**RADICAL REPUBLICANS

• BELIEVED IN AGGRESSIVELY GUARANTEEING VOTING AND OTHER CIVIL RIGHTS TO AFRICAN

AMERICANS

**WANTED TO PUNISH THE SOUTH**CLASHED WITH JOHNSON OVER CIVIL

RIGHTS FOR FREED SLAVES**IMPEACHED HIM-FAILED TO REMOVE

FROM OFFICE

**Reconstruction Act of 1867-SAD-by Radical

Republicans

SAD FOR THE SOUTH

**Reconstruction Act of 1867-SAD-by Radical

Republicans

SAD FOR THE SOUTH* S-Set up requirements for

readmission to the Union

* A-abolished state governments approved by Lincoln and Johnson

* D-Divided the Southern States into 5 military districts.

5 MILITARY DISTRICTS5 MILITARY DISTRICTS

**13th Amendment-ABOLISHED SLAVERY**13th Amendment-

ABOLISHED SLAVERY Neither slavery nor involuntary

servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

**14th Amendment-

EQUAL RIGHTS TO ALL

**14th Amendment-

EQUAL RIGHTS TO ALLSTATES ARE PROHIBITED FROM

DENYING EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW TO ANY AMERICAN (BLACK CITIZENS)

**15th Amendment

VOTING RIGHTS TO BLACK MALES

**15th Amendment

VOTING RIGHTS TO BLACK MALES

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

President Ulysses S. GrantPresident Ulysses S. Grant

**COMPROMISE OF 1877-**COMPROMISE OF 1877-

MCJMCJ• M-M-MILITARY OCCUPATION ENDED IN SOUTH MILITARY OCCUPATION ENDED IN SOUTH IN IN RETURNRETURN-SUPPORT IN ELECTORAL COLLEGE FROM -SUPPORT IN ELECTORAL COLLEGE FROM SOUTHERNSOUTHERN DEMOCRATS FOR REPUBLICAN DEMOCRATS FOR REPUBLICAN CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT-CANDIDATE FOR PRESIDENT-RUTHERFORD B. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES.HAYES.

• C-C-FORMER FORMER CONFEDERATESCONFEDERATES ABLE TO GAIN ABLE TO GAIN CONTROL OF DEMOCRATIC PARTYCONTROL OF DEMOCRATIC PARTY

• J-J-““JIM CROW” ERA JIM CROW” ERA BEGAN-LAWS DISCRIMINATING BEGAN-LAWS DISCRIMINATING AGAINST BLACKS IN THE SOUTH-TOTAL WHITE AGAINST BLACKS IN THE SOUTH-TOTAL WHITE CONTROL OF THE SOUTHCONTROL OF THE SOUTH-EX. VOTING POLL TAXES, -EX. VOTING POLL TAXES, LITERACY TESTS,LYNCHINGS, AND THE RISE OF THE LITERACY TESTS,LYNCHINGS, AND THE RISE OF THE KKK.KKK.

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

The “Invisible Empire of the South”

**ULYSSES GRANTAFTERMATH

• OPPOSED PUNISHING THE SOUTH

• ELECTED PRESIDENT-SERVED DURING

RECONSTRUCTION

**ROBERT E. LEE -AFTERMATH

• URGED SOUTHERNERS TO RECONCILE

• PRESIDENT WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY

• EMPHASIZED EDUCATION FOR NATION’S FUTURE

**FREDERICK DOUGLASS-AFTERMATH• SUPPORTED EQUALITY FOR AFRICAN

AMERICANS IN 14TH & 15TH AMENDMENTS

• ENCOURAGED GOVERNMENT TO HELP

FREEDMEN IN SOUTH

• SERVED AS AMBASSADOR TO HAITI AND IN

CIVIL SERVICE

DID THE CIVIL WAR DECIDE DID THE CIVIL WAR DECIDE THE ISSUE OF THE ISSUE OF

NULLIFICATION(VOIDING NULLIFICATION(VOIDING ACTS OF CONGRESS?ACTS OF CONGRESS?