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Ministry of Forestsand Lands

RECOMMENDED VERNACULARNAMES FOR COMMON PLANTS

OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

Compiledby

Del Meidinger

RR 87002-HQ

R·E·S·E·A·R·C·HREPORT

Internal Reports of the Ministry of Forestsand Lands Research Program

RECOMMENDED VERNACULAR NAMES FOR COMMON PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

compiled byDel Meidinger

Research BranchBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests and Lands

Victoria, B.C.

September 1987

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This publication is RR87002-HQ

Copies of this report may be obtained, depending upon supply from:

Research BranchB.C. Ministry of Forests and Lands1450 Government StreetVictoria, B.C.

Citation:

Meidinger, D. 1987. Recommended vernacular names for common plants of British Columbia. B.C. Min. For.and Lands, Research Report RR87002-HQ.

The contents of this report may not be cited in whole or in part with out the approval of the Director of Research,B.C. Ministry of Forests and Lands, Victoria.

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PREFACE

The main objective of this publication is to recommend common names for the indicator plants used in EcologyProgramme publications. For some species, there are many common names — for others, there may be onlyone or even none in “common” usage. For species with many vernacular names, the choice of any one name isoften arbitrary, however, I tried to choose the name that is most commonly used in floras and plant guidesrelevant to British Columbia. For species with no real “common” name, I used whatever I could find or whateverhas been suggested to users of the Ecosystem Classification system at Ministry training courses.

This list does not present common names for all plant species in British Columbia, but only for those that: 1)have “indicator” value; 2) are not rare or localized in distribution; and, 3) could be useful in ecosystemidentification as they do not require a compound microscope or specialized chemicals for identification (as domost mosses, lichens and liverworts). The term “indicator” has a very broad and varied usage, but for thispublication it generally refers to plants that are general to specific indicators of climate, soil moisture and soilnutrient regime, or successional development. Scientific names (latin names) are from the following sources:

Crum, H.A., W.C. Steere and L.E. Anderson. 1973. A new list of mosses of North America north of Mexico.The Bryologist 73:499-543.

Hale, M.E. Jr. and W.L. Culberson. 1970. A fourth checklist of the lichens of the continental United States andCanada. The Bryologist 73:499-543.

Stottler, R. and B. Crandall-Stottler. 1977. A checklist of the liverworts and hornworts of North America. TheBryologist 80:405-428.

Taylor, R.L. and B. MacBryde. 1977. Vascular plants of British Columbia: a descriptive resource inventory.The University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, B.C.

For vascular plants not found in Taylor and MacBryde (1977), scientific nomenclature follows:

Kartesz, J.T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States,Canada, and Greenland. Volume\II. The biota of North America. The University of North CarolinaPress. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, U.S.A. 498 p.

In addition to Taylor and MacBryde (1977), the following references were used for determining commonnames:

Clark, L.J. 1973. Wild flowers of British Columbia. Gray’s Publishing Ltd. Sidney, B.C., Canada. 591 p.

Douglas, G.W. 1982. The sunflower family (Asteraceae) of British Columbia. Voume I - Senecioneae.Province of British Columbia, Ministry of the Provincial Secretary and Government Services. Victoria,B.C. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial Museum No. 23. 180 p.

Harthill, M.P. and I. O’Connor. 1975. Common mosses of the Pacific coast. Naturegraph Publishers, Inc.Healdsburg, Calif. U.S.A. 119 p.

Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. An illustrated manual. University ofWashington Press. Seattle, Wash., U.S.A. 730 p.

Lyons, C.P. 1974. Trees, shrubs and flowers to know in British Columbia. J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd. 194 p.

Moss, E.H. 1974. Flora of Alberta. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 546 p.

Pojar, J., R. Love, D. Meidinger and R. Scagel. 1982. Some common plants of the Sub-Boreal Spruce Zone.Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests. Victoria, B.C. Land Management Handbook No. 6.102 p.

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Porsild, A.E. 1974. Rocky Mountain wildflowers. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. NaturalHistory Series, No. 2. 454 p.

Scoggan, H.J. 1978/79. The flora of Canada. Parts 2-4. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.Publications in Botany No.\7(2-4).

Welsh, S.L. 1974. Anderson’s flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Brigham Young University Press.Provo, Utah. 724 p.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the many individuals that helped me with the list — their encouragement and valuablecomments were greatly appreciated. My Forest Service colleagues — Ray Coupe and Anna Roberts (WilliamsLake), Jim Pojar (Smithers), Fraser Russell (Kamloops), and Bob Green (Vancouver) — all were very helpful.Ted Lea (Victoria), Gail Ross (Chilliwack) and especially Bill Merilees (North Vancouver) of the Ministry ofEnvironment and Parks all provided useful comments. George Douglas was also very helpful in the commentshe offered. Carmen Cadrin and Tracy Fleming assisted in producing the earlier versions of this list. Linda Fraser,Louise Gronmyr and Jean Stringer typed the manuscript, and the typesetting was done by Beth Collins.

LATIN NAME COMMON NAME

Abies amabilis amabilis firAbies grandis grand firAbies lasiocarpa subalpine firAbronia latifolia yellow sand-verbenaAcer circinatum vine mapleAcer glabrum Douglas mapleAcer macrophyllum bigleaf mapleAchillea millefolium yarrowAchillea millefolium var. lanulosa western yarrowAchlys triphylla vanilla-leafAconitum columbianum Columbian monkshoodAconitum delphiniifolium mountain monkshoodActaea rubra baneberryAdenocaulon bicolor pathfinderAdiantum pedatum maidenhair fernAgoseris aurantiaca orange agoserisAgoseris elata tall agoserisAgoseris glauca pale agoserisAgoseris grandiflora large-flowered agoserisAgoseris heterophylla annual agoserisAgropyron dasystachyum downy wheatgrassAgropyron pectiniforme crested wheatgrassAgropyron repens quackgrassAgropyron smithii western wheatgrassAgropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrassAgropyron trachycaulum* slender wheatgrass

(syn.Agropyron pauciflorum)Agropyron violaceum broad-glumed wheatgrassAgrostis aequivalvis northern bentgrassAgrostis exarata spike bentgrassAgrostis gigantea redtopAgrostis humilis alpine bentgrassAgrostis idahoensis Idaho bentgrassAgrostis pallens dune bentgrassAgrostis scabra hair bentgrassAgrostis stolonifera creeping bentgrassAgrostis thurberiana Thurber’s bentgrassAgrostis variabilis mountain bentgrassAira caryophyllea silver hairgrassAira praecox early hairgrassAlisma plantago-aquatica water-plantainAllium acuminatum Hooker’s onionAllium cernuum nodding onionAllium geyeri Geyer’s onionAllium schoenoprasum wild chivesAllotropa virgata candystick

* not in Taylor and MacBryde

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Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia mountain alderAlnus rubra red alderAlnus viridis ssp. fruticosa green alderAlnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sitka alderAlopecurus aequalis little meadow-foxtailAlopecurus arundinaceus* creeping meadow-foxtailAlopecurus geniculatus water meadow-foxtailAlopecurus pratensis meadow-foxtailAlyssum alyssoides pale alyssumAmbrosia chamissonis silver burweedAmelanchier alnifolia saskatoonAmerorchis rotundifolia round-leaved orchisAmsinckia menziesii small-flowered fiddleneckAnaphalis margaritacea pearly everlastingAndromeda polifolia bog-rosemaryAndrosace septentrionalis northern fairy-candelabraAnemone drummondii alpine anemoneAnemone lyallii Lyall’s anemoneAnemone multifida cut-leaved anemoneAnemone narcissiflora narcissus anemoneAnemone parviflora northern anemoneAnemone richardsonii yellow anemoneAngelica arguta sharptooth angelicaAngelica genuflexa kneeling angelicaAntennaria dimorpha low pussytoesAntennaria lanata woolly pussytoesAntennaria luzuloides woodrush pussytoesAntennaria microphylla rosy pussytoesAntennaria neglecta field pussytoesAntennaria parvifolia Nuttall’s pussytoesAntennaria pulcherrima ssp. anaphaloides tall pussytoesAntennaria pulcherrima ssp. pulcherrima showy pussytoesAntennaria racemosa racemose pussytoesAntennaria umbrinella umber pussytoesAnthemis arvensis corn chamomileAnthemis tinctoria yellow chamomileAnthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernalgrassApocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbaneApocynum cannabinum hemp dogbaneAquilegia brevistyla blue columbineAquilegia flavescens yellow columbineAquilegia formosa red columbineArabis divaricarpa spreading-pod rockcressArabis drummondii Drummond’s rockcressArabis glabra tower mustardArabis hirsuta hairy rockcressArabis holboellii Holboell’s rockcressArabis lyallii Lyall’s rockcressArabis lyrata lyre-leaved rockcressArabis sparsiflora sickle-pod rockcress

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Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparillaArbutus menziesii arbutusArceuthobium campylopodum western dwarf mistletoeArctagrostis latifolia polargrassArctium lappa great burdockArctium minus common burdockArctostaphylos alpina alpine bearberryArctostaphylos columbiana hairy manzanitaArctostaphylos rubra red bearberryArctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnickArenaria capillaris thread-leaved sandwortAristida longiseta red three-awnArmeria maritima thriftArnica alpina alpine arnicaArnica amplexicaulis streambank arnicaArnica chamissonis meadow arnicaArnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnicaArnica fulgens orange arnicaArnica latifolia mountain arnicaArnica mollis hairy arnicaArnica parryi Parry’s arnicaArnica rydbergii Rydberg’s arnicaArtemisia arctica mountain sagewortArtemisia campestris northern wormwoodArtemisia dracunculus tarragonArtemisia frigida pasture sageArtemisia lindleyana Columbia mugwortArtemisia ludoviciana western mugwortArtemisia michauxiana Michaux’s mugwortArtemisia suksdorfii Suksdorf’s mugwortArtemisia tilesii Aleutian mugwortArtemisia tridentata big sagebrushArtemisia tripartita threetip sagebrushAruncus dioicus goatsbeardAsarum caudatum wild gingerAsclepias speciosa showy milkweedAsparagus officinalis asparagusAsplenium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwortAsplenium viride green spleenwortAster alpinus alpine asterAster borealis rush asterAster campestris meadow asterAster ciliolatus fringed asterAster conspicuus showy asterAster eatonii Eaton’s asterAster engelmannii Engelmann’s asterAster foliaceus leafy asterAster modestus great northern asterAster occidentalis western asterAster pansus tufted white prairie aster

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Aster sibiricus arctic asterAster subspicatus Douglas’ asterAstragalus aboriginum Indian milk-vetchAstragalus agrestis field milk-vetchAstragalus alpinus alpine milk-vetchAstragalus americanus American milk-vetchAstragalus beckwithii Weiser milk-vetchAstragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetchAstragalus collinus hillside milk-vetchAstragalus eucosmus elegant milk-vetchAstragalus filipes threadstalk milk-vetchAstragalus lotiflorus lotus milk-vetchAstragalus miser timber milk-vetchAstragalus purshii woollypod milk-vetchAstragalus robbinsii Robbins’ milk-vetchAstragalus tenellus pulse milk-vetchAthyrium filix-femina lady fernAulacomnium palustre glow mossagrohordeum macounii Macoun’s wildrye

Balsamorhiza deltoidea deltoid balsamrootBalsamorhiza sagittata arrow-leaved balsamrootBarbilophozia lycopodioides common leafy liverwortBartramia pomiformis apple mossBassia hyssopifolia five-hooked bassiaBeckmannia syzigachne sloughgrassBellis perennis English daisyBetula glandulosa scrub birchBetula nana swamp birchBetula neoalaskana Alaska paper birchBetula occidentalis water birchBetula papyrifera paper birchBidens cernua nodding beggarticksBistorta bistortoides American bistortBistorta vivipara alpine bistortBlechnum spicant deer fernBoschniakia hookeri groundconeBotrychium boreale northern grape fernBotrychium lunaria moonwortBotrychium multifidum leathery grape fernBotrychium virginianum rattlesnake fernBouteloua gracilis blue gramaBoykinia occidentalis coast boykiniaBrachythecium albicans lawn mossBrasenia schreberi watershieldBrassica rapa bird rape mustardBromus anomalus nodding bromeBromus carinatus California bromeBromus ciliatus fringed bromeBromus inermis ssp. inermis smooth bromeBromus inermis ssp. pumpellianus pumpelly brome

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Bromus mollis soft bromeBromus sitchensis Alaska bromeBromus tectorum cheatgrassBromus vulgaris Columbia brome

Calamagrostis canadensis bluejointCalamagrostis inexpansa narrow-spiked reedgrassCalamagrostis lapponica Lapland reedgrassCalamagrostis nutkaensis Pacific reedgrassCalamagrostis purpurascens purple reedgrassCalamagrostis rubescens pinegrassCalamagrostis scribneri Scribner’s reedgrassCalamagrostis stricta slimstem reedgrassCallitriche palustris spring water-starwortCalochortus apiculatus threespot mariposa lilyCalochortus macrocarpus sagebrush mariposa lilyCaltha leptosepala white marsh-marigoldCaltha leptosepala var. biflora two-flowered white marsh-marigoldCaltha leptosepala var. leptosepala alpine white marsh-marigoldCalypso bulbosa fairyslipperCalystegia sepium hedge bindweedCalystegia soldanella beach bindweedCamassia leichtlinii great camasCamassia quamash common camasCamelina microcarpa little-podded falseflaxCampanula lasiocarpa mountain harebellCampanula rotundifolia common harebellCampanula scouleri Scouler’s harebellCapsella bursa-pastoris shepherd’s purseCardamine bellidifolia alpine bitter-cressCardamine breweri Brewer’s bitter-cressCardamine cordifolia heart-leaved bitter-cressCardamine nuttallii Nuttall’s bitter-cressCardamine occidentalis western bitter-cressCardamine oligosperma little western bitter-cressCardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bitter-cressCardamine umbellata Siberian bitter-cressCarduus nutans nodding thistleCarex aenea bronze sedgeCarex albonigra two-toned sedgeCarex amplifolia bigleaf sedgeCarex angustior narrow-leaved sedgeCarex aperta Columbia sedgeCarex aquatilis water sedgeCarex arcta northern clustered sedgeCarex atherodes awned sedgeCarex athrostachya slender-beaked sedgeCarex atrosquama black-scaled sedgeCarex aurea golden sedgeCarex bebbii Bebb’s sedgeCarex bipartita two-parted sedgeCarex breweri Brewer’s sedge

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Carex brunnescens brownish sedgeCarex buxbaumii Buxbaum’s sedgeCarex canescens grey sedgeCarex capillaris hairlike sedgeCarex capitata capitate sedgeCarex chordorrhiza cordroot sedgeCarex concinna low northern sedgeCarex concinnoides northwestern sedgeCarex crawfordii Crawford’s sedgeCarex cusickii Cusick’s sedgeCarex deflexa bent sedgeCarex deweyana Dewey’s sedgeCarex diandra lesser panicled sedgeCarex dioica ssp. gynocrates yellow bog sedgeCarex disperma soft-leaved sedgeCarex douglasii Douglas’ sedgeCarex eburnea bristle-leaved sedgeCarex enanderi Enander’s sedgeCarex filifolia thread-leaved sedgeCarex flava yellow-fruited sedgeCarex foenea hay sedgeCarex heleonastes Hudson Bay sedgeCarex hendersonii Henderson’s sedgeCarex hoodii Hood’s sedgeCarex hystericina porcupine sedgeCarex illota sheep sedgeCarex interior inland sedgeCarex laeviculmis smooth-stemmed sedgeCarex lanuginosa woolly sedgeCarex lasiocarpa slender sedgeCarex lenticularis lens-fruited sedgeCarex leporina harefoot sedgeCarex leptalea bristle-stalked sedgeCarex limosa shore sedgeCarex livida pale sedgeCarex loliacea ryegrass sedgeCarex macloviana thick-headed sedgeCarex macrochaeta large-awned sedgeCarex media Scandinavian sedgeCarex mertensii Mertens’ sedgeCarex microchaeta small-awned sedgeCarex microglochin few-seeded bog sedgeCarex nardina spikenard sedgeCarex nigricans black alpine sedgeCarex obnupta slough sedgeCarex obtusata blunt sedgeCarex oederi green sedgeCarex parryana Parry’s sedgeCarex pauciflora few-flowered sedgeCarex paupercula poor sedgeCarex paysonis Payson’s sedge

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Carex peckii Peck’s sedgeCarex pensylvanica long-stoloned sedgeCarex petasata pasture sedgeCarex phaeocephala dunhead sedgeCarex phyllomanica coastal stellate sedgeCarex podocarpa short-stalked sedgeCarex praeceptorum teacher’s sedgeCarex praegracilis field sedgeCarex prairea* prairie sedgeCarex praticola meadow sedgeCarex proposita Smokey Mountain sedgeCarex pyrenaica Pyrenean sedgeCarex raynoldsii Raynolds’ sedgeCarex retrorsa long-bracted sedgeCarex richardsonii Richardson’s sedgeCarex rossii Ross’ sedgeCarex rostrata beaked sedgeCarex sartwellii Sartwell’s sedgeCarex saxatilis russet sedgeCarex saximontana Rocky Mountain sedgeCarex scirpoidea single-spiked sedgeCarex scopulorum Holm’s Rocky Mountain sedgeCarex simulata* short-beaked sedgeCarex sitchensis Sitka sedgeCarex spectabilis showy sedgeCarex sprengelii Sprengel’s sedgeCarex stenophylla narrow-leaved sedgeCarex stipata awl-fruited sedgeCarex stylosa long-styled sedgeCarex sychnocephala long-beaked sedgeCarex tenera* tender sedgeCarex tenuiflora sparse-leaved sedgeCarex trisperma three-seeded sedgeCarex vaginata sheathed sedgeCarex vesicaria inflated sedgeCassiope lycopodioides club-moss mountain-heatherCassiope mertensiana white mountain-heatherCassiope stelleriana Alaskan mountain-heatherCassiope tetragona four-angled mountain-heatherCastilleja angustifolia northwestern paintbrushCastilleja cervina deer paintbrushCastilleja cusickii Cusick’s paintbrushCastilleja hispida harsh paintbrushCastilleja hyetophila coastal red paintbrushCastilleja lutescens yellowish paintbrushCastilleja miniata common red paintbrushCastilleja parviflora small-flowered paintbrushCastilleja rhexifolia alpine paintbrushCastilleja sulphurea sulphur paintbrushCastilleja thompsonii Thompson’s paintbrushCeanothus sanguineus redstem ceanothus

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Ceanothus velutinus snowbrushCentaurea cyanus cornflowerCentaurea diffusa diffuse knapweedCentaurea maculosa spotted knapweedCentaurea nigra black knapweedCentaurea repens Russian knapweedCerastium arvense field chickweedCerastium beeringianum Bering chickweedCerastium fischerianum Fischer’s chickweedCerastium fontanum mouse-ear chickweedCeratophyllum demersum coontailChaenactis douglasii hoary false yarrowChamaecyparis nootkatensis yellow-cedarChamaedaphne calyculata leatherleafChamaerhodos erecta chamaerhodosChamomilla suaveolens pineapple weedCheilanthes feei Fees’ lip fernChenopodium album lamb’s-quartersChenopodium capitatum strawberry-bliteChenopodium rubrum red goosefootChimaphila menziesii Menzies’ pipsissewaChimaphila umbellata prince’s pineChorispora tenella blue-mustardChrysosplenium tetrandrum northern golden-saxifrageChrysothamnus nauseosus rabbit-brushCichorium intybus chicoryCicuta douglasii water-hemlockCinna latifolia nodding wood-reedCircaea alpina enchanter’s nightshadeCirsium arvense Canada thistleCirsium brevistylum short-styled thistleCirsium edule edible thistleCirsium hookerianum Hooker’s thistleCirsium undulatum wavy-leaved thistleCirsium vulgare bull thistleCladina rangiferina reindeer lichenCladothamnus pyroliflorus copperbushClarkia pulchella pink fairiesClaytonia cordifolia heart-leaved springbeautyClaytonia lanceolata western springbeautyClaytonia perfoliata miner’s-lettuceClaytonia sibirica Siberian miner’s-lettuceClematis ligusticifolia white clematisClematis occidentalis blue clematisClintonia uniflora queen’s cupCollinsia grandiflora large-flowered blue-eyed MaryCollinsia parviflora small-flowered blue-eyed MaryCollomia grandiflora large-flowered collomiaCollomia heterophylla vari-leaved collomiaCollomia linearis narrow-leaved collomia

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Comandra umbellata pale comandraConium maculatum poison-hemlockConyza canadensis horseweedCoptis aspleniifolia fern-leaved goldthreadCoptis trifolia three-leaved goldthreadCorallorhiza maculata spotted coralrootCorallorhiza maculata ssp. maculata spotted coralrootCorallorhiza maculata ssp. mertensiana western coralrootCorallorhiza striata striped coralrootCorallorhiza trifida yellow coralrootCornus canadensis bunchberryCornus nuttallii western flowering dogwoodCornus sericea red-osier dogwoodCornus unalaschkensis cordilleran bunchberryCorydalis aurea golden corydalisCorydalis pauciflora blue corydalisCorydalis sempervirens pink corydalisCorylus cornuta beaked hazelnutCrataegus columbiana red hawthornCrataegus douglasii black hawthornCrataegus monogyna common hawthornCrepis atrabarba slender hawksbeardCrepis capillaris smooth hawksbeardCrepis elegans elegant hawksbeardCrepis intermedia gray hawksbeardCrepis occidentalis western hawksbeardCrepis tectorum annual hawksbeardCryptogramma crispa parsley fernCynoglossum boreale northern hound’s-tongueCynoglossum officinale common hound’s-tongueCynosurus echinatus hedgehog dogtailCypripedium calceolus yellow ladyslipperCypripedium passerinum sparrow’s-egg ladyslipperCypripedium montanum mountain ladyslipperCystopteris fragilis fragile fernCystopteris montana mountain bladder fernCytisus scoparius Scotch broom

Dactylis glomerata orchardgrassDanthonia californica California oatgrassDanthonia canadensis Canadian oatgrassDanthonia intermedia* timber oatgrassDanthonia sericea downy oatgrassDanthonia spicata poverty oatgrassDaucus carota wild carrotDaucus pusillus American wild carrotDelphinium bicolor Montana larkspurDelphinium glaucum tall larkspurDelphinium menziesii Menzies’ larkspurDelphinium nuttallianum upland larkspurDeschampsia cespitosa tufted hairgrass

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Deschampsia elongata slender hairgrassDescurainia pinnata western tansymustardDescurainia richardsonii Richardson’s tansymustardDescurainia sophia flixweedDicentra formosa bleeding heartDicentra uniflora steer’s headDicranum fuscescens curly heron’s-bill mossDicranum polysetum wavy-leaved mossDicranum scoparium broom mossDicranum tauricum broken-leaf mossDigitalis purpurea foxgloveDisporum hookeri Hooker’s fairybellsDisporum smithii Smith’s fairybellsDisporum trachycarpum rough-fruited fairybellsDistichlis spicata seashore saltgrassDistichlis stricta alkali saltgrassDodecatheon conjugens slimpod shootingstarDodecatheon hendersonii broad-leaved shootingstarDodecatheon jeffreyi Jeffrey’s shootingstarDodecatheon pulchellum few-flowered shootingstarDraba aurea golden drabaDraba cana lance-leaved drabaDraba cinerea gray-leaved drabaDraba crassifolia thick-leaved drabaDraba densifolia Nuttall’s drabaDraba glabella smooth drabaDraba incerta Yellowstone drabaDraba lonchocarpa lance-fruited drabaDraba nemorosa woods drabaDraba oligosperma few-seeded drabaDraba paysonii Payson’s drabaDraba praealta tall drabaDraba reptans* Carolina drabaDraba stenoloba Alaska drabaDracocephalum parviflorum American dragonheadDrepanocladus uncinatus sickle mossDrosera anglica long-leaved sundewDrosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundewDryas drummondii yellow mountain-avensDryas integrifolia entire-leaved mountain-avensDryas octopetala white mountain-avensDryopteris assimilis spiny wood fernDryopteris filix-mas male fernDryopteris fragrans fragrant shield fern

Echium vulgare viper’s buglossElaeagnus commutata wolf-willowEleocharis acicularis needle spike-rushEleocharis ovata blunt spike-rushEleocharis palustris common spike-rushEleocharis quinqueflora few-flowered spike-rush

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Eleocharis rostellata beaked spike-rushElymus canadensis Canada wildryeElymus cinereus giant wildryeElymus glaucus blue wildryeElymus hirsutus hairy wildryeElymus innovatus fuzzy-spiked wildryeElymus mollis dune wildryeEmpetrum nigrum crowberryEpilobium anagallidifolium alpine willowherbEpilobium angustifolium fireweedEpilobium ciliatum purple-leaved willowherbEpilobium glaberrimum smooth willowherbEpilobium glandulosum sticky willowherbEpilobium hornemannii Hornemann’s willowherbEpilobium latifolium broad-leaved willowherbEpilobium luteum yellow willowherbEpilobium minutum small-flowered willowherbEpilobium palustre swamp willowherbEquisetum arvense common horsetailEquisetum fluviatile swamp horsetailEquisetum hyemale scouring-rushEquisetum laevigatum smooth scouring-rushEquisetum palustre marsh horsetailEquisetum pratense meadow horsetailEquisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring-rushEquisetum sylvaticum wood horsetailEquisetum telmateia giant horsetailEquisetum variegatum northern scouring-rushErigeron acris bitter fleabaneErigeron aureus golden fleabaneErigeron caespitosus tufted fleabaneErigeron compositus cut-leaved daisyErigeron corymbosus long-leaved fleabaneErigeron divergens spreading fleabaneErigeron filifolius thread-leaved fleabaneErigeron flagellaris trailing fleabaneErigeron glabellus smooth daisyErigeron grandiflorus large-flowered daisyErigeron linearis line-leaved fleabaneErigeron lonchophyllus spear-leaved fleabaneErigeron peregrinus subalpine daisyErigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabaneErigeron pumilus shaggy fleabaneErigeron speciosus showy fleabaneErigeron strigosus rough-stemmed fleabaneEriogonum flavum yellow buckwheatEriogonum heracleoides parsnip-flowered buckwheatEriogonum niveum snow buckwheatEriogonum ovalifolium cushion buckwheatEriogonum umbellatum sulfur buckwheat

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Eriophorum angustifolium narrow-leaved cotton-grassEriophorum brachyantherum short-anthered cotton-grassEriophorum chamissonis Chamisso’s cotton-grassEriophorum gracile slender cotton-grassEriophorum scheuchzeri Scheuchzer’s cotton-grassEriophorum vaginatum sheathed cotton-grassEriophorum viridicarinatum green-keeled cotton-grassEriophyllum lanatum woolly eriophyllumErodium cicutarium stork’s-billErophila verna spring whitlow-grassErysimum asperum prairie rocketErysimum cheiranthoides wormseed mustardErysimum inconspicuum small wallflowerErythronium grandiflorum glacier lilyErythronium oregonum white fawn lilyErythronium revolutum pink fawn lilyEuphorbia esula leafy spurge

Fauria crista-galli deer-cabbageFestuca altaica Altai fescueFestuca arundinacea tall fescueFestuca baffinensis Baffin fescueFestuca brachyphylla alpine fescueFestuca idahoensis Idaho fescueFestuca occidentalis western fescueFestuca pratensis meadow fescueFestuca rubra red fescueFestuca saximontana Rocky Mountain fescueFestuca scabrella rough fescueFestuca subulata bearded fescueFestuca subuliflora crinkle-awned fescueFestuca viridula green fescueFragaria chiloensis coastal strawberryFragaria vesca wood strawberryFragaria virginiana wild strawberryFragaria virginiana ssp. glauca blue-leaved strawberryFritillaria camschatcensis northern rice-rootFritillaria lanceolata chocolate lilyFritillaria pudica yellow bell

Gaillardia aristata brown-eyed SusanGaleopsis tetrahit common hemp-nettleGalium aparine cleaversGalium boreale northern bedstrawGalium cymosum Pacific bedstrawGalium kamtschaticum boreal bedstrawGalium trifidum small bedstrawGalium triflorum sweet-scented bedstrawGaultheria hispidula creeping-snowberryGaultheria humifusa alpine-wintergreen

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Gaultheria ovatifolia western tea-berryGaultheria shallon salalGentiana affinis prairie gentianGentiana calycosa mountain bog gentianGentiana douglasiana swamp gentianGentiana glauca glaucous gentianGentiana platypetala broad-petalled gentianGentiana prostrata moss gentianGentiana sceptrum king gentianGentianella amarella northern gentianGentianella propinqua four-parted gentianGentianella tenella slender gentianGeocaulon lividum bastard toad-flaxGeranium bicknellii Bicknell’s geraniumGeranium carolinianum Carolina geraniumGeranium erianthum northern geraniumGeranium molle dovefoot geraniumGeranium richardsonii white geraniumGeranium robertianum Robert geraniumGeranium viscosissimum sticky geraniumGeum aleppicum yellow avensGeum calthifolium caltha-leaved avensGeum macrophyllum large-leaved avensGeum perincisum sharp-toothed avensGeum rivale water avensGeum rossii Ross’ avensGeum schofieldii Queen Charlotte avensGeum triflorum old man’s whiskersGilia capitata globe giliaGlaux maritima sea-milkwortGlyceria borealis northern mannagrassGlyceria elata tall mannagrassGlyceria grandis reed mannagrassGlyceria occidentalis western mannagrassGlyceria striata fowl mannagrassGnaphalium chilense cotton-batting cudweedGnaphalium purpureum purple cudweedGnaphalium uliginosum marsh cudweedGoodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-plantainGoodyera repens dwarf rattlesnake orchidGrindelia integrifolia Puget Sound gumweedGrindelia nana low gumweedGrindelia squarrosa curly-cup gumweedGymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern

Hackelia arida sagebrush stickseedHackelia deflexa nodding stickseedHackelia diffusa spreading stickseedHackelia floribunda many-flowered stickseedHackelia micrantha blue stickseedHaplopappus lyallii Lyall’s goldenweedHedysarum alpinum alpine hedysarum

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Hedysarum boreale northern hedysarumHedysarum sulphurescens yellow hedysarumHemitomes congestum gnome-plantHeracleum sphondylium cow-parnsipHeterotheca villosa hairy golden-asterHeuchera chlorantha meadow alumrootHeuchera cylindrica round-leaved alumrootHeuchera glabra smooth alumrootHeuchera micrantha small-flowered alumrootHieracium albertinum western hawkweedHieracium albiflorum white-flowered hawkweedHieracium aurantiacum orange hawkweedHieracium canadense Canada hawkweedHieracium cynoglossoides hound’s-tongue hawkweedHieracium gracile slender hawkweedHieracium scouleri Scouler’s hawkweedHieracium triste woolly hawkweedHieracium umbellatum narrow-leaved hawkweedHierochloe alpina alpine sweetgrassHierochloe odorata common sweetgrassHippuris vulgaris mare’s-tailHolcus lanatus Yorkshire fogHolodiscus discolor ocean-sprayHonkenya peploides seabeach sandwortHordeum brachyantherum meadow barleyHordeum jubatum foxtail barleyHuperzia selago fir clubmossHydrophyllum capitatum bullhead waterleafHydrophyllum tenuipes Pacific waterleafHylocomium splendens step mossHypericum anagalloides bog St. John’s-wortHypericum formosum western St. John’s-wortHypericum perforatum common St. John’s-wortHypochaeris glabra smooth cat’s-earHypochaeris radicata hairy cat’s-earHypopitys monotropa pinesapImpatiens aurella orange touch-me-notImpatiens capensis spotted touch-me-notImpatiens ecalcarata spurless touch-me-notImpatiens glandulifera policeman’s helmetImpatiens noli-tangere common touch-me-notIpomopsis aggregata scarlet giliaIris missouriensis western blue irisIris pseudacorus yellow irisIsopterygium elegans elegant mossIsothecium spiculiferum variable moss

Juncus acuminatus tapered rushJuncus alpinoarticulatus alpine rushJuncus arcticus arctic rush

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Juncus articulatus jointed rushJuncus bolanderi Bolander’s rushJuncus bufonius toad rushJuncus castaneus chestnut rushJuncus confusus Colorado rushJuncus drummondii Drummond’s rushJuncus effusus common rushJuncus ensifolius dagger-leaved rushJuncus filiformis thread rushJuncus gerardii mud rushJuncus kelloggii Kellogg’s rushJuncus longistylis long-styled rushJuncus mertensianus ssp. mertensianus Mertens’ rushJuncus mertensianus ssp. gracilis Nevada rushJuncus nodosus tuberous rushJuncus parryi Parry’s rushJuncus tenuis slender rushJuncus torreyi Torry’s rushJuncus triglumis three-flowered rushJuncus vaseyi Vasey’s rushJuniperus communis common juniperJuniperus horizontalis creeping juniperJuniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper

Kalmia microphylla spp. microphylla alpine bog-laurelKalmia microphylla ssp. occidentalis bog-laurelKobresia myosuroides Bellard’s kobresiaKobresia simpliciuscula simple kobresiaKoeleria macrantha junegrass

Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuceLactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella blue lettuceLamium amplexicaule common dead-nettleLappula redowskii western stickseedLappula squarrosa bristly stickseedLarix laricina tamarackLarix lyallii alpine larchLarix occidentalis western larchLathyrus japonicus beach peaLathyrus latifolius broad-leaved peavineLathyrus nevadensis purple peavineLathyrus ochroleucus creamy peavineLedum glandulosum trapper’s teaLedum groenlandicum Labrador teaLedum palustre northern Labrador teaLemna minor common duckweedLemna trisulca ivy-leaved duckweedLepidium bourgeauanum branched pepper-grassLepidium densiflorum prairie pepper-grass

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Lepidium perfoliatum clasping-leaved pepper-grassLepidium virginicum tall pepper-grassLeptarrhena pyrolifolia leatherleaf saxifrageLesquerella douglasii Columbia bladderpodLeucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisyLeucolepis menziesii palm tree mossLewisia pygmaea alpine lewisiaLewisia rediviva bitterrootLigusticum calderi Calder’s lovageLigusticum canbyi Canby’s lovageLigusticum grayi Gray’s lovageLilaeopsis occidentalis western lilaeopsisLilium columbianum tiger lilyLilium philadelphicum wood lilyLinanthus harknessii Harkness’ flaxflowerLinanthus septentrionalis northern flaxflowerLinaria dalmatica dalmatian toadflaxLinaria vulgare butter-and-eggsLinnaea borealis twinflowerLinum lewisii wild blue flaxListera borealis northern twaybladeListera caurina northwestern twaybladeListera convallarioides broad-leaved twaybladeListera cordata heart-leaved twaybladeLithophragma glabrum smooth woodland starLithophragma parviflorum small-flowered woodland starLithophragma tenellum slender woodland starLithospermum incisum yellow gromwellLithospermum ruderale lemonweedLloydia serotina alp lilyLobaria pulmonaria lungwortLobelia dortmanna water lobeliaLoiseleuria procumbens alpine-azalea Lolium perenne perennial ryegrassLomatium ambiguum swale desert-parsleyLomatium dissectum fern-leaved desert-parsleyLomatium geyeri Geyer’s desert-parsleyLomatium gormanii Gorman’s desert-parsleyLomatium macrocarpum large-fruited desert-parsleyLomatium nudicaule barestem desert-parsleyLomatium triternatum narrow-leaved desert-parsleyLomatium utriculatum spring goldLonicera ciliosa western trumpet honeysuckleLonicera dioica red honeysuckleLonicera hispidula hairy honeysuckleLonicera involucrata black twinberryLonicera utahensis Utah honeysuckleLotus corniculatus birds-foot trefoilLotus denticulatus meadow birds-foot trefoilLuetkea pectinata partridgefoot

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Lupinus arcticus arctic lupineLupinus bicolor two-coloured lupineLupinus burkei bigleaf lupineLupinus lepidus prairie lupineLupinus littoralis seashore lupineLupinus nootkatensis Nootka lupineLupinus polyphyllus large-leaved lupineLupinus sericeus silky lupineLupinus sulphureus sulphur lupineLuzula arctica arctic woodrushLuzula arcuata curved alpine woodrushLuzula hitchcockii smooth woodrushLuzula multiflora many-flowered woodrushLuzula parviflora small-flowered woodrushLuzula piperi Piper’s woodrushLuzula spicata spiked woodrushLuzula wahlenbergii Wahlenberg’s woodrushLychnis coronaria rose campionLycopodium alpinum alpine clubmossLycopodium annotinum stiff clubmossLycopodium clavatum running clubmossLycopodium complanatum ground-cedarLycopodium obscurum ground-pineLycopodium sitchense Alaska clubmossLygodesmia juncea rush-like skeletonplantLysichiton americanum skunk cabbageLysimachia thyrsiflora tufted loosestrife

Madia exigua little tarweedMadia glomerata clustered tarweedMadia gracilis slender tarweedMadia madioides woodland tarweedMahonia aquifolium tall Oregon-grapeMahonia nervosa dull Oregon-grapeMahonia repens creeping Oregon-grapeMaianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valleyMaianthemum dilatatum false lily-of-the-valleyMalus fusca Pacific crab appleMatteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fernMedicago lupulina black medicMedicago sativa alfalfaMelampyrum lineare cow-wheatMelica bulbosa oniongrassMelica smithii Smith’s melicMelica subulata Alaska oniongrassMelilotus alba white sweet-cloverMelilotus officinalis yellow sweet-cloverMentha arvensis field mintMentha spicata spearmint

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Mentzelia albicaulis small-flowered mentzeliaMentzelia laevicaulis blazing-starMenyanthes trifoliata buckbeanMenziesia ferruginea false azaleaMertensia longiflora long-flowered bluebellsMertensia maritima sea bluebellsMertensia paniculata tall bluebellsMicroseris borealis apargidiumMicroseris nutans nodding microserisMicrosteris gracilis pink twinkMimulus alsinoides chickweed monkey-flowerMimulus floribundus purple-stemmed monkey-flowerMimulus guttatus yellow monkey-flowerMimulus guttatus ssp. guttatus yellow monkey-flowerMimulus guttatus ssp. haidensis Haida monkey-flowerMimulus lewisii pink monkey-flowerMimulus moschatus musk-flowerMimulus tilingii mountain monkey-flowerMinuartia biflora mountain sandwortMinuartia nuttallii Nuttall’s sandwortMinuartia obtusiloba alpine sandwortMinuartia rossii northern sandwortMinuartia rubella boreal sandwortMinuartia tenella slender sandwortMitella breweri Brewer’s mitrewortMitella nuda common mitrewortMitella ovalis oval-leaved mitrewortMitella pentandra five-stamened mitrewortMitella trifida three-toothed mitrewortMnium leafy mossMnium spinulosum red-mouthed leafy mossMoehringia lateriflora blunt-leaved sandwortMoehringia macrophylla big-leaved sandwortMonarda fistulosa var. mollis wild bergamotMonarda menthifolia mint-leaved bergamotMoneses uniflora single delightMonotropa uniflora Indian-pipeMontia chamissoi Chamisso’s montiaMontia fontana blinksMontia linearis narrow-leaved montiaMontia parvifolia small-leaved montiaMuhlenbergia asperifolia alkali muhlyMuhlenbergia filiformis slender muhlyMuhlenbergia glomerata marsh muhlyMuhlenbergia richardsonis mat muhlyMycelis muralis wall-lettuceMyosotis arvensis field forget-me-notMyosotis asiatica mountain forget-me-notMyosotis laxa small-flowered forget-me-notMyosotis scorpioides common forget-me-notMyosotis stricta blue forget-me-not

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Myosotis sylvatica wood forget-me-notMyosotis verna spring forget-me-notMyosurus aristatus bristly mousetailMyrica gale sweet galeMyriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens northern spiked water-milfoilNemophila breviflora Great Basin nemophilaNemophila menziesii baby-blue-eyesNuphar lutea yellow waterlilyNymphaea odorata fragrant waterlilyNymphaea tetragona pygmy waterlily

Oemleria cerasiformis Indian-plumOenanthe sarmentosa water-parsleyOenothera depressa yellow evening-primroseOenothera pallida pale evening-primroseOnobrychis viciifolia sainfoinOplopanax horridus devil’s clubOpuntia fragilis brittle prickly-pear cactusOpuntia polyacantha plains prickly-pear cactusOrobanche californica California broomrapeOrobanche fasciculata clustered broomrapeOrobanche uniflora naked broomrapeOrthilia secunda one-sided wintergreenOrthocarpus bracteosus rosy owl-cloverOrthocarpus luteus yellow owl-cloverOrthocarpus tenuifolius thin-leaved owl-cloverOryzopsis asperifolia rough-leaved ricegrassOryzopsis exigua little ricegrassOryzopsis micrantha little-seeded ricegrassOryzopsis pungens short-awned ricegrassOsmorhiza chilensis mountain sweet-cicelyOsmorhiza depauperata blunt-fruited sweet-cicelyOsmorhiza occidentalis western sweet-cicelyOsmorhiza purpurea purple sweet-cicelyOxyria digyna mountain sorrelOxytropis campestris field locoweedOxytropis deflexa pendant-podded locoweedOxytropis nigrescens blackish locoweedOxytropis podocarpa stalked-pod locoweedOxytropis sericea silky locoweedOxytropis splendens showy locoweed

Panicum capillare common witchgrassPanicum occidentale western witchgrassPanicum oligosanthes Scribner’s witchgrassParnassia fimbriata fringed grass-of-ParnassusParnassia kotzebuei Kotzebue’s grass-of-ParnassusParnassia palustris northern grass-of-ParnassusParnassia parviflora small-flowered grass-of-ParnassusPaxistima myrsinites falsebox

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Pedicularis bracteosa bracted lousewortPedicularis capitata capitate lousewortPedicularis contorta coil-beaked lousewortPedicularis groenlandica elephant’s headPedicularis labradorica Labrador lousewortPedicularis langsdorfii Langsdorf’s lousewortPedicularis macrodonta boreal lousewortPedicularis ornithorhyncha bird’s-beak lousewortPedicularis parviflora small-flowered lousewortPedicularis racemosa sickletop lousewortPellaea glabella smooth cliff-brakePeltigera canina dog lichenPenstemon albertinus Alberta penstemonPenstemon attenuatus taper-leaved penstemonPenstemon confertus yellow penstemonPenstemon davidsonii Davidson’s penstemonPenstemon ellipticus oval-leaved penstemonPenstemon eriantherus fuzzy-tongued penstemonPenstemon fruticosus shrubby penstemonPenstemon nemorosus woodland penstemonPenstemon ovatus broad-leaved penstemonPenstemon procerus small-flowered penstemonPenstemon serrulatus coast penstemonPerideridia gairdneri yampahPetasites frigidus sweet coltsfootPetasites nivalis arctic coltsfootPetasites palmatus palmate coltsfootPetasites sagittatus arrow-leaved coltsfootPhacelia franklinii Franklin’s phaceliaPhacelia hastata silverleaf phaceliaPhacelia heterophylla varileaf phaceliaPhacelia leptosepala narrow-sepaled phaceliaPhacelia linearis thread-leaved phaceliaPhacelia sericea silky phaceliaPhalaris arundinacea reed canarygrassPhalaris canariensis canarygrassPhiladelphus lewisii mock-orangePhilonotis fontana spring mossPhleum alpinum alpine timothyPhleum pratense timothyPhlox caespitosa tufted phloxPhlox diffusa spreading phloxPhlox longifolia long-leaved phloxPhlox speciosa showy phloxPhragmites australis common reedPhyllodoce empetriformis pink mountain-heatherPhyllodoce glanduliflora yellow mountain-heatherPhysocarpus capitatus Pacific ninebarkPhysocarpus malvaceus mallow ninebarkPicea engelmannii Engelmann spruce

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Picea glauca white sprucePicea glauca x engelmannii hybrid white sprucePicea mariana black sprucePicea sitchensis Sitka sprucePicea sitchensis x glauca (= P. x lutzii) Roche sprucePinguicula vulgaris butterwortPinus albicaulis whitebark pinePinus banksiana jack pinePinus contorta var. contorta shore pinePinus contorta var. latifolia lodgepole pinePinus flexilis limber pinePinus monticola western white pinePinus ponderosa ponderosa pine / yellow pinePlagiobothrys scouleri Scouler’s popcornflowerPlagiothecium undulatum flat mossPlantago elongata slender plantainPlantago lanceolata ribwort plantainPlantago major common plantainPlantago patagonica Indian-wheatPlatanthera chorisiana small bog-orchidPlatanthera dilatata white bog-orchidPlatanthera hyperborea green-flowered bog-orchidPlatanthera obtusata one-leaved rein-orchidPlatanthera orbiculata round-leaved rein-orchidPlatanthera stricta slender bog-orchidPlatanthera unalascensis Alaska rein-orchidPlectritis congesta sea blushPleurozium schreberi red-stemmed feathermossPoa alpina alpine bluegrassPoa annua annual bluegrassPoa arctica arctic bluegrassPoa bulbosa bulbous bluegrassPoa canbyi Canby’s bluegrassPoa compressa Canada bluegrassPoa cusickii Cusick’s bluegrassPoa fendleriana muttongrassPoa glauca glaucous bluegrassPoa glaucifolia pale-leaved bluegrassPoa gracillima Pacific bluegrassPoa incurva curly bluegrassPoa interior inland bluegrassPoa juncifolia alkali bluegrassPoa lanata hairy bluegrassPoa laxiflora lax-flowered bluegrassPoa leptocoma bog bluegrassPoa lettermanii Letterman’s bluegrassPoa nemoralis wood bluegrassPoa nervosa Wheeler’s bluegrassPoa nevadensis Nevada bluegrassPoa palustris fowl bluegrass

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Poa pattersonii Patterson’s bluegrassPoa pratensis Kentucky bluegrassPoa reflexa nodding bluegrassPoa rupicola timberline bluegrassPoa sandbergii Sandberg’s bluegrassPoa stenantha Trinius’ bluegrassPoa trivialis roughstalk bluegrassPolemonium boreale northern Jacob’s-ladderPolemonium caeruleum tall Jacob’s-ladderPolemonium elegans elegant Jacob’s-ladderPolemonium micranthum annual Jacob’s-ladderPolemonium pulcherrimum showy Jacob’s-ladderPolemonium viscosum sticky Jacob’s-ladderPolygonum amphibium water smartweedPolygonum aviculare prostrate knotweedPolygonum douglasii Douglas’ knotweedPolygonum fowleri Fowler’s knotweedPolygonum hydropiper marshpepper smartweedPolygonum hydropiperoides swamp smartweedPolygonum kelloggii Kellogg’s knotweedPolygonum majus wiry knotweedPolygonum minimum leafy dwarf knotweedPolygonum nuttallii Nuttall’s knotweedPolygonum paronychia beach knotweedPolygonum persicaria lady’s-thumbPolygonum ramosissimum yellow-flowered knotweedPolygonum spergulariiforme spurry knotweedPolypodium glycyrrhiza licorice fernPolypodium hesperium western polypodyPolypodium montense Pacific polypodyPolypodium scouleri leatherleaf polypodyPolystichum braunii Braun’s holly fernPolystichum lonchitis mountain holly fernPolystichum munitum sword fernPolytrichum juniperinum juniper haircap mossPolytrichum piliferum awned haircap mossPopulus balsamifera poplarPopulus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera balsam poplarPopulus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa black cottonwoodPopulus tremuloides trembling aspenPotamogeton alpinus northern pondweedPotamogeton epihydrus ribbon-leaved pondweedPotamogeton filiformis slender-leaved pondweedPotamogeton foliosus closed-leaved pondweedPotamogeton gramineus grass-leaved pondweedPotamogeton natans floating-leaved pondweedPotamogeton nodosus long-leaved pondweedPotamogeton pectinatus fennel-leaved pondweedPotamogeton pusillus small pondweedPotamogeton robbinsii Robbin’s pondweed

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Potamogeton vaginatus sheathed pondweedPotamogeton zosteriformis eel-grass pondweedPotentilla anserina silverweedPotentilla argentea silvery cinquefoilPotentilla arguta white cinquefoilPotentilla diversifolia diverse-leaved cinquefoilPotentilla drummondii Drummond’s cinquefoilPotentilla flabellifolia fan-leaved cinquefoilPotentilla fruticosa shrubby cinquefoilPotentilla glandulosa sticky cinquefoilPotentilla gracilis graceful cinquefoilPotentilla hippiana woolly cinquefoilPotentilla hookeriana Hooker’s cinquefoilPotentilla hyparctica arctic cinquefoilPotentilla nivea snow cinquefoilPotentilla norvegica Norwegian cinquefoilPotentilla ovina sheep cinquefoilPotentilla palustris marsh cinquefoilPotentilla pensylvanica prairie cinquefoilPotentilla quinquefolia five-leaved cinquefoilPotentilla rivalis brook cinquefoilPotentilla uniflora one-flowered cinquefoilPotentilla villosa villous cinquefoilPrenanthes alata western rattlesnake-rootPrenanthes racemosa purple rattlesnake-rootPrunella vulgaris self-healPrunus emarginata bitter cherryPrunus pensylvanica pin cherryPrunus virginiana choke cherryPseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca interior Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii coast Douglas-firPteridium aquilinum brackenPterospora andromedea pinedropsPtilium crista-castrensis knight’s plumePuccinellia borealis northern alkaligrassPuccinellia distans weeping alkaligrassPuccinellia interior inland alkaligrassPuccinellia nutkaensis Pacific alkaligrassPuccinellia nuttalliana Nuttall’s alkaligrassPuccinellia pumila dwarf alkaligrassPulsatilla occidentalis western pasqueflowerPulsatilla patens ssp. multifida prairie crocusPurshia tridentata antelope-brushPyrola asarifolia pink wintergreenPyrola chlorantha green wintergreenPyrola dentata Nootka wintergreenPyrola elliptica white wintergreenPyrola grandiflora arctic wintergreenPyrola minor lesser wintergreenPyrola picta white-veined wintergreen

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Quercus garryana Garry oak

Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaved buttercupRanunculus acris meadow buttercupRanunculus amphibius stiff-leaved water-buttercupRanunculus aquatilis white water-buttercupRanunculus cardiophyllus heart-leaved buttercupRanunculus cooleyae Cooley’s buttercupRanunculus cymbalaria shore buttercupRanunculus eschscholtzii subalpine buttercupRanunculus flabellaris yellow water-buttercupRanunculus flammula lesser spearwortRanunculus glaberrimus sagebrush buttercupRanunculus gmelinii small yellow water-buttercupRanunculus hyperboreus far-northern buttercupRanunculus inamoenus unlovely buttercupRanunculus lapponicus Lapland buttercupRanunculus macounii Macoun’s buttercupRanunculus nivalis snow buttercupRanunculus occidentalis western buttercupRanunculus orthorhynchus straight-beaked buttercupRanunculus pedatifidus birdfoot buttercupRanunculus pensylvanicus Pensylvania buttercupRanunculus repens creeping buttercupRanunculus reptans spear-leaved buttercupRanunculus sceleratus celery-leaved buttercupRanunculus uncinatus little buttercupRanunculus verecundus modest buttercupRhacomitrium canescens grey frayed-cap mossRhamnus alnifolius alder-leaved buckthornRhamnus purshianus cascaraRhinanthus minor yellow rattleRhododendron albiflorum white-flowered rhododendronRhododendron lapponicum Lapland rosebayRhododendron macrophyllum Pacific rhododendronRhus glabra sumacRhynchospora alba beak-sedgeRhytidiadelphus loreus lanky mossRhytidiadelphus squarrosus bent-leaf mossRhytidiadelphus triquetrus electrified cat’s-tail mossRhytidiopsis robusta pipecleaner mossRibes bracteosum stink currantRibes cereum squaw currantRibes divaricatum wild gooseberryRibes glandulosum skunk currantRibes howellii maple-leaved currantRibes hudsonianum northern black currantRibes inerme white-stemmed gooseberryRibes irriguum Idaho gooseberryRibes lacustre black gooseberry

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Ribes laxiflorum trailing black currantRibes lobbii gummy gooseberryRibes montigenum mountain gooseberryRibes oxyacanthoides northern gooseberryRibes sanguineum red-flowering currantRibes triste red swamp currantRibes viscosissimum sticky currantRicciocarpos natans floating liverwortRobinia pseudoacacia black locustRomanzoffia sitchensis Sitka mistmaidenRorippa curvipes blunt-leaved yellow cressRorippa sylvestris creeping yellow cressRosa acicularis prickly roseRosa gymnocarpa baldhip roseRosa nutkana Nootka roseRosa pisocarpa clustered wild roseRosa woodsii prairie roseRubus arcticus dwarf nagoonberryRubus chamaemorus cloudberryRubus discolor Himalayan blackberryRubus idaeus red raspberryRubus laciniatus evergreen blackberryRubus leucodermis black raspberryRubus nivalis snow brambleRubus parviflorus thimbleberryRubus pedatus five-leaved brambleRubus pubescens trailing raspberryRubus spectabilis salmonberryRubus ursinus trailing blackberryRumex acetosa garden sorrelRumex acetosella sour weedRumex crispus curly dockRumex maritimus golden dockRumex obtusifolius broad-leaved dockRumex occidentalis western dock

Sagina saginoides arctic pearlwortSagittaria latifolia wapatoSalicornia europaea European glasswortSalicornia europaea ssp. europaea green European glasswortSalicornia europaea ssp. rubra red European glasswortSalix alaxensis Alaska willowSalix amygdaloides peach-leaf willowSalix arbusculoides northern bush willowSalix arctica arctic willowSalix athabascensis Athabasca willowSalix barclayi Barclay’s willowSalix barrattiana Barratt’s willowSalix bebbiana Bebb’s willowSalix brachycarpa short-fruited willowSalix candida hoary willow

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Salix cascadensis Cascade willowSalix commutata variable willowSalix discolor pussy willowSalix drummondiana Drummond’s willowSalix exigua coyote willowSalix farriae Farr’s willowSalix geyeriana Geyer’s willowSalix glauca grey-leaved willowSalix hookeriana Hooker’s willowSalix interior sandbar willowSalix lanata woolly willowSalix lasiandra Pacific willowSalix maccalliana Maccall’s willowSalix mackenzieana Mackenzie’s willowSalix myrtillifolia bilberry willowSalix novae-angliae New England willowSalix pedicellaris bog willowSalix planifolia tea-leaved willowSalix polaris polar willowSalix pseudomonticola mountain willowSalix pyrifolia balsam willowSalix reticulata netted willowSalix reticulata ssp. nivalis snow willowSalix scouleriana Scouler’s willowSalix sessilifolia soft-leaved willowSalix sitchensis Sitka willowSalix stolonifera stoloniferous willowSalix vestita rock willowSalsola kali Russian thistleSambucus cerulea blue elderberrySambucus racemosa red elderberrySanguisorba annua annual burnetSanguisorba canadensis Sitka burnetSanguisorba menziesii Menzies’ burnetSanguisorba officinalis great burnetSanicula crassicaulis Pacific sanicleSanicula graveolens Sierra sanicleSanicula marilandica black snake-rootSarracenia purpurea pitcher-plantSatureja douglasii yerba buenaSaxifraga adcendens wedge-leaved saxifrageSaxifraga aizoides evergreen saxifrageSaxifraga bronchialis spotted saxifrageSaxifraga cernua nodding saxifrageSaxifraga cespitosa tufted saxifrageSaxifraga ferruginea Alaska saxifrageSaxifraga flagellaris stoloniferous saxifrageSaxifraga integrifolia grassland saxifrageSaxifraga lyallii red-stemmed saxifrageSaxifraga mertensiana wood saxifrage

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Saxifraga nelsoniana brook saxifrageSaxifraga nivalis alpine saxifrageSaxifraga occidentalis western saxifrageSaxifraga odontoloma stream saxifrageSaxifraga oppositifolia purple mountain saxifrageSaxifraga rufidula rusty-haired saxifrageSaxifraga tolmiei Tolmie’s saxifrageSaxifraga tricuspidata three-toothed saxifrageScheuchzeria palustris scheuchzeriaSchizachne purpurascens false melicSchoenocrambe linifolia flax-leaved plainsmustardScirpus lacustris great bulrushScirpus microcarpus small-flowered bulrushScirpus nevadensis Nevada bulrushScirpus paludosus alkali bulrushScolochloa festucacea sprangle-topScutellaria angustifolia narrow-leaved skullcapScutellaria galericulata marsh skullcapScutellaria lateriflora blue skullcapSedum divergens spreading stonecropSedum integrifolium roserootSedum lanceolatum lance-leaved stonecropSedum oreganum Oregon stonecropSedum spathulifolium broad-leaved stonecropSedum stenopetalum worm-leaved stonecropSelaginella densa compact selaginellaSelaginella selaginoides low selaginellaSelaginella sibirica northern selaginellaSelaginella wallacei Wallace’s selaginellaSenecio canus woolly groundselSenecio conterminus high alpine butterweedSenecio cymbalarioides alpine meadow butterweedSenecio eremophilus dryland ragwortSenecio foetidus sweet-marsh butterweedSenecio indecorus rayless mountain butterweedSenecio integerrimus western groundselSenecio jacobaea tansy ragwortSenecio lugens black-tipped groundselSenecio newcombei Newcombe’s butterweedSenecio pauciflorus rayless alpine butterweedSenecio pauperculus Canadian butterweedSenecio pseudaureus streambank butterweedSenecio streptanthifolius Rocky Mountain butterweedSenecio sylvaticus wood groundselSenecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundselSenecio vulgaris common groundselSetaria viridis green bristlegrassShepherdia canadensis soopolallieSibbaldia procumbens sibbaldia

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Silene acaulis moss campionSilene alba white campionSilene antirrhina sleepy catchflySilene dichotoma forked catchflySilene douglasii Douglas’ campionSilene menziesii Menzies’ campionSilene noctiflora night-flowering catchflySilene parryi Parry’s campionSilene scouleri Scouler’s campionSilene vulgaris bladder campionSisymbrium altissimum tall tumble-mustardSisymbrium loeselii Loesel’s tumble-mustardSisymbrium officinale hedge mustardSisyrinchium californicum golden-eyed grassSisyrinchium douglasii satin-flowerSisyrinchium idahoense Idaho blue-eyed-grassSisyrinchium inflatum purple blue-eyed-grassSisyrinchium littorale shore blue-eyed-grassSisyrinchium montanum mountain blue-eyed-grassSisyrinchium septentrionale northern blue-eyed-grassSitanion hystrix squirreltail grassSium sauve water-parsnipSmelowskia calycina alpine smelowskiaSmilacina racemosa false Solomon’s-sealSmilacina stellata star-flowered false Solomon’s-sealSmilacina trifolia three-leaved false Solomon’s-sealSolanum americanum black nightshadeSolanum dulcamara bittersweetSolanum rostratum buffalo-burSolanum triflorum cut-leaved nightshadeSolidago canadensis Canada goldenrodSolidago gigantea smooth goldenrodSolidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrodSolidago multiradiata northern goldenrodSolidago spathulata spike-like goldenrodSonchus arvensis perennial sow-thistleSonchus oleraceus annual sow-thistleSorbus aucuparia European mountain-ashSorbus scopulina western mountain-ashSorbus sitchensis Sitka mountain-ashSparganium emersum emersed bur-reedSparganium emersum var. angustifolium narrow-leaved bur-reedSparganium emersum var. emersum simple-stemmed bur-reedSparganium emersum var. multipedunculatum floating bur-reedSparganium eurycarpum broad-fruited bur-reedSparganium hyperboreum northern bur-reedSparganium minimum small bur-reedSpartina gracilis alkali cordgrassSpergula arvensis corn-spurrySpergularia canadensis Canadian sand-spurry

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Spergularia macrotheca beach sand-spurrySpergularia rubra red sand-spurrySphagnum sphagnumSphagnum capillaceum common red sphagnumSphagnum fuscum common brown sphagnumSphagnum girgensohnii common green sphagnumSpiraea betulifolia birch-leaved spireaSpiraea densiflora subalpine spireaSpiraea douglasii hardhackSpiraea douglasii ssp. douglasii hardhackSpiraea douglasii ssp. menziesii pink spireaSpiraea pyramidata pyramid spireaSpiranthes romanzoffiana ladies’ tressesSpirodela polyrhiza great duckweedSporobolus cryptandrus sand dropseedStachys cooleyae Cooley’s hedge-nettleStachys mexicana Mexican hedge-nettleStachys palustris swamp hedge-nettleStellaria calycantha northern starwortStellaria crispa crisp starwortStellaria longifolia long-leaved starwortStellaria longipes long-stalked starwortStellaria media chickweedStenanthium occidentale mountainbellsStephanomeria tenuifolia narrow-leaved skeletonweedStipa comata needle-and-thread grassStipa hymenoides Indian-ricegrassStipa occidentalis stiff needlegrassStipa richardsonii spreading needlegrassStipa spartea porcupinegrassStipa viridula green needlegrassStokesiella oreganum Oregon beaked mossStreptopus amplexifolius clasping twistedstalkStreptopus roseus rosy twistedstalkStreptopus streptopoides small twistedstalkSuaeda depressa seabliteSuksdorfia ranunculifolia buttercup-leaved saxifrageSuksdorfia violacea violet saxifrageSymphoricarpos albus common snowberrySymphoricarpos mollis trailing snowberrySymphoricarpos occidentalis western snowberrySymphoricarpos oreophilus mountain snowberry

Tanacetum bipinnatum western dune tansyTanacetum vulgare common tansyTaraxacum ceratophorum horned dandelionTaraxacum laevigatum red-seeded dandelionTaraxacum lyratum horned dandelionTaraxacum officinale common dandelionTaxus brevifolia western yew

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Tellima grandiflora tall fringecupTetradymia canescens gray horsebrushThalictrum alpinum alpine meadowrueThalictrum occidentale western meadowrueThalictrum sparsiflorum few-flowered meadowrueThalictrum venulosum veiny meadowrueThelypteris phegopteris beech fernThlaspi arvense field pennycressThuja plicata western redcedarTiarella laciniata cut-leaved foamflowerTiarella trifoliata three-leaved foamflowerTiarella unifoliata one-leaved foamflowerTofieldia coccinea northern false asphodelTofieldia glutinosa sticky false asphodelTofieldia pusilla common false asphodelTolmiea menziesii piggy-back plantTomenthypnum nitens golden fuzzy fen mossTorreyochloa pauciflora weak false-mannaToxicodendron diversilobum poison-oakToxicodendron rydbergii poison-ivyTragopogon dubius yellow salsifyTragopogon porrifolius common salsifyTragopogon pratensis meadow salsifyTrautvetteria caroliniensis false bugbaneTrichophorum alpinum Hudson Bay clubrushTrichophorum cespitosum tufted clubrushTrientalis europaea northern starflowerTrientalis latifolia broad-leaved starflowerTrifolium aureum yellow cloverTrifolium dubium small hop cloverTrifolium hybridum alsike cloverTrifolium pratense red cloverTrifolium repens white cloverTriglochin maritimum seaside arrow-grassTriglochin palustre marsh arrow-grassTrillium ovatum western trilliumTrisetum cernuum nodding trisetumTrisetum spicatum spike trisetumTriteleia hyacinthina fool’s-onionTrollius laxus globeflowerTsuga heterophylla western hemlockTsuga mertensiana mountain hemlockTypha latifolia cattail

Ulex europaeus gorseUrtica dioica stinging nettleUtricularia intermedia flat-leaved bladderwortUtricularia minor lesser bladderwortUtricularia vulgaris greater bladderwort

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Vaccinium alaskaense Alaskan blueberryVaccinium caespitosum dwarf blueberryVaccinium deliciosum blue-leaved huckleberryVaccinium membranaceum black huckleberryVaccinium microcarpum dwarf bog cranberryVaccinium myrtilloides velvet-leaved blueberryVaccinium myrtillus low bilberryVaccinium ovalifolium oval-leaved blueberryVaccinium ovatum evergreen huckleberryVaccinium oxycoccos bog cranberryVaccinium parvifolium red huckleberryVaccinium scoparium grouseberryVaccinium uliginosum bog blueberryVaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberryVahlodea atropurpurea mountain hairgrassValeriana dioica marsh valerianValeriana sitchensis Sitka valerianValeriana sitchensis ssp. scouleri Scouler’s Sitka valerianVeratrum viride Indian helleboreVerbascum blattaria moth mulleinVerbascum phlomoides woolly mulleinVerbascum thapsus great mulleinVeronica americana American brooklimeVeronica anagallis-aquatica water speedwellVeronica cusickii Cusick’s speedwellVeronica filiformis slender speedwellVeronica peregrinus purslane speedwellVeronica scutellata marsh speedwellVeronica serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwellVeronica wormskjoldii alpine speedwellViburnum edule highbush-cranberryViburnum opulus American bush-cranberryVicia americana American vetchVicia cracca tufted vetchVicia gigantea giant vetchVicia sativa common vetchVicia villosa hairy vetchViola adunca early blue violetViola canadensis Canada violetViola glabella stream violetViola langsdorfii Alaska violetViola macloskeyi small white violetViola nephrophylla northern bog violetViola nuttallii Nuttall’s violetViola nuttallii ssp. nuttallii yellow prairie violetViola nuttallii ssp. praemorsa yellow montane violetViola nuttallii ssp. vallicola yellow sagebrush violetViola orbiculata round-leaved violetViola palustris marsh violetViola renifolia kidney-leaved violet

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Viola sempervirens trailing yellow violetViola septentrionalis northern violetVulpia myuros rattail fescueVulpia octoflora six-weeks fescue

Woodsia glabella smooth woodsiaWoodsia oregana Oregon woodsiaWoodsia scopulina Rocky Mountain woodsia

Xerophyllum tenax bear-grass

Zigadenus elegans mountain death-camasZigadenus venenosus meadow death-camas

COMMON NAME LATIN NAME

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agoseris, annual Agoseris heterophyllaagoseris, large-flowered Agoseris grandifloraagoseris, orange Agoseris aurantiacaagoseris, pale Agoseris glaucaagoseris, tall Agoseris elataalder, green Alnus viridis ssp. fruticosaalder, mountain Alnus incana ssp. tenuifoliaalder, red Alnus rubraalder, Sitka Alnus viridis ssp. sinuataalfalfa Medicago sativaalkaligrass, dwarf Puccinellia pumilaalkaligrass, inland Puccinellia interioralkaligrass, northern Puccinellia borealisalkaligrass, Nuttall’s Puccinellia nuttallianaalkaligrass, Pacific Puccinellia nutkaensisalkaligrass, weeping Puccinellia distansalpine-azalea Loiseleuria procumbensalpine-wintergreen Gaultheria humifusaalumroot, meadow Heuchera chloranthaalumroot, round-leaved Heuchera cylindricaalumroot, small-flowered Heuchera micranthaalumroot, smooth Heuchera glabraalyssum, pale Alyssum alyssoidesAmerican brooklime Veronica americanaanemone, alpine Anemone drummondiianemone, cut-leaved Anemone multifidaanemone, Lyall’s Anemone lyalliianemone, narcissus Anemone narcissifloraanemone, northern Anemone parvifloraanemone, yellow Anemone richardsoniiangelica, kneeling Angelica genuflexaangelica, sharptooth Angelica argutaantelope-brush Purshia tridentataapargidium Microseris borealisapple, Pacific crab Malus fuscaarbutus Arbutus menziesiiarnica, alpine Arnica alpinaarnica, hairy Arnica mollisarnica, heart-leaved Arnica cordifoliaarnica, meadow Arnica chamissonisarnica, mountain Arnica latifoliaarnica, orange Arnica fulgensarnica, Parry’s Arnica parryiarnica, Rydberg’s Arnica rydbergiiarnica, streambank Arnica amplexicaulisarrow-grass, marsh Triglochin palustrearrow-grass, seaside Triglochin maritimumasparagus Asparagus officinalisaspen, trembling Populus tremuloidesasphodel, common false Tofieldia pusilla


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asphodel, northern false Tofieldia coccineaasphodel, sticky false Tofieldia glutinosaaster, alpine Aster alpinusaster, arctic Aster sibiricusaster, Douglas’ Aster subspicatusaster, Eaton’s Aster eatoniiaster, Engelmann’s Aster engelmanniiaster, fringed Aster ciliolatusaster, great northern Aster modestusaster, leafy Aster foliaceusaster, meadow Aster campestrisaster, rush Aster borealisaster, showy Aster conspicuusaster, tufted white prairie Aster pansusaster, western Aster occidentalisavens, caltha-leaved Geum calthifoliumavens, large-leaved Geum macrophyllumavens, Queen Charlotte Geum schofieldiiavens, Ross’ Geum rossiiavens, sharp-toothed Geum perincisumavens, water Geum rivaleavens, yellow Geum aleppicumazalea, false Menziesia ferruginea

baby-blue-eyes Nemophila menziesiibalsamroot, arrow-leaved Balsamorhiza sagittatabalsamroot, deltoid Balsamorhiza deltoideabaneberry Actaea rubrabarley, foxtail Hordeum jubatumbarley, meadow Hordeum brachyantherumbassia, five-hooked Bassia hyssopifoliabeak-sedge Rhynchospora albabear-grass Xerophyllum tenaxbearberry, alpine Arctostaphylos alpinabearberry, red Arctostaphylos rubrabedstraw, boreal Galium kamtschaticumbedstraw, northern Galium borealebedstraw, Pacific Galium cymosumbedstraw, small Galium trifidumbedstraw, sweet-scented Galium triflorumbeggarticks, nodding Bidens cernuabentgrass, alpine Agrostis humilisbentgrass, creeping Agrostis stoloniferabentgrass, dune Agrostis pallensbentgrass, hair Agrostis scabrabentgrass, Idaho Agrostis idahoensisbentgrass, mountain Agrostis variabilisbentgrass, northern Agrostis aequivalvisbentgrass, spike Agrostis exaratabentgrass, Thurber’s Agrostis thurberiana


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bergamot, mint-leaved Monarda menthifoliabergamot, wild Monarda fistulosa var. mollisbilberry, low Vaccinium myrtillusbindweed, beach Calystegia soldanellabindweed, hedge Calystegia sepiumbirch, Alaska paper Betula neoalaskanabirch, paper Betula papyriferabirch, scrub Betula glandulosabirch, swamp Betula nanabirch, water Betula occidentalisbistort, alpine Bistorta viviparabistort, American Bistorta bistortoidesbitter-cress, alpine Cardamine bellidifoliabitter-cress, Brewer’s Cardamine breweribitter-cress, heart-leaved Cardamine cordifoliabitter-cress, little western Cardamine oligospermabitter-cress, Nuttall’s Cardamine nuttalliibitter-cress, Pennsylvania Cardamine pensylvanicabitter-cress, Siberian Cardamine umbellatabitter-cress, western Cardamine occidentalisbitterroot Lewisia redivivabittersweet Solanum dulcamarablackberry, evergreen Rubus laciniatusblackberry, Himalayan Rubus discolorblackberry, trailing Rubus ursinusbladderpod, Columbia Lesquerella douglasiibladderwort, flat-leaved Utricularia intermediabladderwort, greater Utricularia vulgarisbladderwort, lesser Utricularia minorblazing-star Mentzelia laevicaulisbleeding heart Dicentra formosablinks Montia fontanablue-eyed Mary, large-flowered Collinsia grandiflorablue-eyed Mary, small-flowered Collinsia parviflorablue-eyed-grass, Idaho Sisyrinchium idahoenseblue-eyed-grass, mountain Sisyrinchium montanumblue-eyed-grass, northern Sisyrinchium septentrionaleblue-eyed-grass, purple Sisyrinchium inflatumblue-eyed-grass, shore Sisyrinchium littoraleblue-mustard Chorispora tenellabluebells, long-flowered Mertensia longiflorabluebells, sea Mertensia maritimabluebells, tall Mertensia paniculatablueberry, Alaskan Vaccinium alaskaenseblueberry, bog Vaccinium uliginosumblueberry, dwarf Vaccinium caespitosumblueberry, oval-leaved Vaccinium ovalifoliumblueberry, velvet-leaved Vaccinium myrtilloidesbluegrass, alkali Poa juncifoliabluegrass, alpine Poa alpinabluegrass, annual Poa annua


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bluegrass, arctic Poa arcticabluegrass, bog Poa leptocomabluegrass, bulbous Poa bulbosabluegrass, Canada Poa compressabluegrass, Canby’s Poa canbyibluegrass, curly Poa incurvabluegrass, Cusick’s Poa cusickiibluegrass, fowl Poa palustrisbluegrass, glaucous Poa glaucabluegrass, hairy Poa lanatabluegrass, inland Poa interiorbluegrass, Kentucky Poa pratensisbluegrass, lax-flowered Poa laxiflorabluegrass, Letterman’s Poa lettermaniibluegrass, Nevada Poa nevadensisbluegrass, nodding Poa reflexabluegrass, Pacific Poa gracillimabluegrass, pale-leaved Poa glaucifoliabluegrass, Patterson’s Poa pattersoniibluegrass, roughstalk Poa trivialisbluegrass, Sandberg’s Poa sandbergiibluegrass, timberline Poa rupicolabluegrass, Trinius’ Poa stenanthabluegrass, Wheeler’s Poa nervosabluegrass, wood Poa nemoralisbluejoint Calamagrostis canadensisbog-laurel Kalmia microphylla ssp. occidentalisbog-laurel, alpine Kalmia microphylla spp. microphyllabog-orchid, green-flowered Platanthera hyperboreabog-orchid, slender Platanthera strictabog-orchid, small Platanthera chorisianabog-orchid, white Platanthera dilatatabog-rosemary Andromeda polifoliaboykinia, coast Boykinia occidentalisbracken Pteridium aquilinumbramble, five-leaved Rubus pedatusbramble, snow Rubus nivalisbristlegrass, green Setaria viridisbrome, Alaska Bromus sitchensisbrome, California Bromus carinatusbrome, Columbia Bromus vulgarisbrome, fringed Bromus ciliatusbrome, nodding Bromus anomalusbrome, pumpelly Bromus inermis ssp. pumpellianusbrome, smooth Bromus inermis ssp. inermisbrome, soft Bromus mollisbroom, Scotch Cytisus scopariusbroomrape, California Orobanche californicabroomrape, clustered Orobanche fasciculata


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broomrape, naked Orobanche uniflorabrown-eyed Susan Gaillardia aristatabuckbean Menyanthes trifoliatabuckthorn, alder-leaved Rhamnus alnifoliusbuckwheat, cushion Eriogonum ovalifoliumbuckwheat, parsnip-flowered Eriogonum heracleoidesbuckwheat, snow Eriogonum niveumbuckwheat, sulfur Eriogonum umbellatumbuckwheat, yellow Eriogonum flavumbuffalo-bur Solanum rostratumbugbane, false Trautvetteria caroliniensisbugloss, viper’s Echium vulgarebulrush, alkali Scirpus paludosusbulrush, great Scirpus lacustrisbulrush, Nevada Scirpus nevadensisbulrush, small-flowered Scirpus microcarpusbunchberry Cornus canadensisbunchberry, cordilleran Cornus unalaschkensisbur-reed, broad-fruited Sparganium eurycarpumbur-reed, emersed Sparganium emersumbur-reed, floating Sparganium emersum var. multipedunculatumbur-reed, narrow-leaved Sparganium emersum var. angustifoliumbur-reed, northern Sparganium hyperboreumbur-reed, simple-stemmed Sparganium emersum var. emersumbur-reed, small Sparganium minimumburdock, common Arctium minusburdock, great Arctium lappaburnet, annual Sanguisorba annuaburnet, great Sanguisorba officinalisburnet, Menzies’ Sanguisorba menziesiiburnet, Sitka Sanguisorba canadensisburweed, silver Ambrosia chamissonisbush-cranberry, American Viburnum opulusbutter-and-eggs Linaria vulgarebuttercup, birdfoot Ranunculus pedatifidusbuttercup, celery-leaved Ranunculus sceleratusbuttercup, Cooley’s Ranunculus cooleyaebuttercup, creeping Ranunculus repensbuttercup, far-northern Ranunculus hyperboreusbuttercup, heart-leaved Ranunculus cardiophyllusbuttercup, kidney-leaved Ranunculus abortivusbuttercup, Lapland Ranunculus lapponicusbuttercup, little Ranunculus uncinatusbuttercup, Macoun’s Ranunculus macouniibuttercup, meadow Ranunculus acrisbuttercup, modest Ranunculus verecundusbuttercup, Pensylvania Ranunculus pensylvanicusbuttercup, sagebrush Ranunculus glaberrimusbuttercup, shore Ranunculus cymbalariabuttercup, snow Ranunculus nivalis


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buttercup, spear-leaved Ranunculus reptansbuttercup, straight-beaked Ranunculus orthorhynchusbuttercup, subalpine Ranunculus eschscholtziibuttercup, unlovely Ranunculus inamoenusbuttercup, western Ranunculus occidentalisbutterweed, alpine meadow Senecio cymbalarioidesbutterweed, Canadian Senecio pauperculusbutterweed, high alpine Senecio conterminusbutterweed, Newcombe’s Senecio newcombeibutterweed, rayless alpine Senecio pauciflorusbutterweed, rayless mountain Senecio indecorusbutterweed, Rocky Mountain Senecio streptanthifoliusbutterweed, streambank Senecio pseudaureusbutterweed, sweet-marsh Senecio foetidusbutterwort Pinguicula vulgaris

cactus, brittle prickly-pear Opuntia fragiliscactus, plains prickly-pear Opuntia polyacanthacamas, common Camassia quamashcamas, great Camassia leichtliniicampion, bladder Silene vulgariscampion, Douglas’ Silene douglasiicampion, Menzies’ Silene menziesiicampion, moss Silene acauliscampion, Parry’s Silene parryicampion, rose Lychnis coronariacampion, Scouler’s Silene scoulericampion, white Silene albacanarygrass Phalaris canariensiscanarygrass, reed Phalaris arundinaceacandystick Allotropa virgatacarrot, American wild Daucus pusilluscarrot, wild Daucus carotacascara Rhamnus purshianuscat’s-ear, hairy Hypochaeris radicatacat’s-ear, smooth Hypochaeris glabracatchfly, forked Silene dichotomacatchfly, night-flowering Silene noctifloracatchfly, sleepy Silene antirrhinacattail Typha latifoliaceanothus, redstem Ceanothus sanguineuschamaerhodos Chamaerhodos erectachamomile, corn Anthemis arvensischamomile, yellow Anthemis tinctoriacheatgrass Bromus tectorumcherry, bitter Prunus emarginatacherry, choke Prunus virginianacherry, pin Prunus pensylvanicachickweed Stellaria mediachickweed, Bering Cerastium beeringianum


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chickweed, field Cerastium arvensechickweed, Fischer’s Cerastium fischerianumchickweed, mouse-ear Cerastium fontanumchicory Cichorium intybuschives, wild Allium schoenoprasumcinquefoil, arctic Potentilla hyparcticacinquefoil, brook Potentilla rivaliscinquefoil, diverse-leaved Potentilla diversifoliacinquefoil, Drummond’s Potentilla drummondiicinquefoil, fan-leaved Potentilla flabellifoliacinquefoil, five-leaved Potentilla quinquefoliacinquefoil, graceful Potentilla graciliscinquefoil, Hooker’s Potentilla hookerianacinquefoil, marsh Potentilla palustriscinquefoil, Norwegian Potentilla norvegicacinquefoil, one-flowered Potentilla unifloracinquefoil, prairie Potentilla pensylvanicacinquefoil, sheep Potentilla ovinacinquefoil, shrubby Potentilla fruticosacinquefoil, silvery Potentilla argenteacinquefoil, snow Potentilla niveacinquefoil, sticky Potentilla glandulosacinquefoil, villous Potentilla villosacinquefoil, white Potentilla argutacinquefoil, woolly Potentilla hippianacleavers Galium aparineclematis, blue Clematis occidentalisclematis, white Clematis ligusticifoliacliff-brake, smooth Pellaea glabellacloudberry Rubus chamaemorusclover, alsike Trifolium hybridumclover, red Trifolium pratenseclover, small hop Trifolium dubiumclover, white Trifolium repensclover, yellow Trifolium aureumclubmoss, Alaska Lycopodium sitchenseclubmoss, alpine Lycopodium alpinumclubmoss, fir Huperzia selagoclubmoss, running Lycopodium clavatumclubmoss, stiff Lycopodium annotinumclubrush, Hudson Bay Trichophorum alpinumclubrush, tufted Trichophorum cespitosumcollomia, large-flowered Collomia grandifloracollomia, narrow-leaved Collomia lineariscollomia, vari-leaved Collomia heterophyllacoltsfoot, arctic Petasites nivaliscoltsfoot, arrow-leaved Petasites sagittatuscoltsfoot, palmate Petasites palmatuscoltsfoot, sweet Petasites frigiduscolumbine, blue Aquilegia brevistyla


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columbine, red Aquilegia formosacolumbine, yellow Aquilegia flavescenscomandra, pale Comandra umbellatacoontail Ceratophyllum demersumcopperbush Cladothamnus pyrolifloruscoralroot, spotted Corallorhiza maculatacoralroot, spotted Corallorhiza maculata ssp. maculatacoralroot, striped Corallorhiza striatacoralroot, western Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertensianacoralroot, yellow Corallorhiza trifidacordgrass, alkali Spartina graciliscorn-spurry Spergula arvensiscornflower Centaurea cyanuscorydalis, blue Corydalis paucifloracorydalis, golden Corydalis aureacorydalis, pink Corydalis sempervirenscotton-grass, Chamisso’s Eriophorum chamissoniscotton-grass, green-keeled Eriophorum viridicarinatumcotton-grass, narrow-leaved Eriophorum angustifoliumcotton-grass, Scheuchzer’s Eriophorum scheuchzericotton-grass, sheathed Eriophorum vaginatumcotton-grass, short-anthered Eriophorum brachyantherumcotton-grass, slender Eriophorum gracilecottonwood, black Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpacow-parnsip Heracleum sphondyliumcow-wheat Melampyrum linearecranberry, bog Vaccinium oxycoccoscranberry, dwarf bog Vaccinium microcarpumcreeping-snowberry Gaultheria hispidulacress, blunt-leaved yellow Rorippa curvipescress, creeping yellow Rorippa sylvestriscrowberry Empetrum nigrumcudweed, cotton-batting Gnaphalium chilensecudweed, marsh Gnaphalium uliginosumcudweed, purple Gnaphalium purpureumcurrant, maple-leaved Ribes howelliicurrant, northern black Ribes hudsonianumcurrant, red swamp Ribes tristecurrant, red-flowering Ribes sanguineumcurrant, skunk Ribes glandulosumcurrant, squaw Ribes cereumcurrant, sticky Ribes viscosissimumcurrant, stink Ribes bracteosumcurrant, trailing black Ribes laxiflorum

daisy, cut-leaved Erigeron compositusdaisy, English Bellis perennisdaisy, large-flowered Erigeron grandiflorusdaisy, oxeye Leucanthemum vulgaredaisy, smooth Erigeron glabellus


41

daisy, subalpine Erigeron peregrinusdandelion, common Taraxacum officinaledandelion, horned Taraxacum ceratophorum (lyratum)dandelion, red-seeded Taraxacum laevigatumdead-nettle, common Lamium amplexicauledeath-camas, meadow Zigadenus venenosusdeath-camas, mountain Zigadenus elegansdeer-cabbage Fauria crista-gallidesert-parsley, barestem Lomatium nudicauledesert-parsley, fern-leaved Lomatium dissectumdesert-parsley, Geyer’s Lomatium geyeridesert-parsley, Gorman’s Lomatium gormaniidesert-parsley, large-fruited Lomatium macrocarpumdesert-parsley, narrow-leaved Lomatium triternatumdesert-parsley, swale Lomatium ambiguumdevil’s club Oplopanax horridusdock, broad-leaved Rumex obtusifoliusdock, curly Rumex crispusdock, golden Rumex maritimusdock, western Rumex occidentalisdogbane, hemp Apocynum cannabinumdogbane, spreading Apocynum androsaemifoliumdogstail, hedgehog Cynosurus echinatusdogwood, red-osier Cornus sericeadogwood, western flowering Cornus nuttalliiDouglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesiiDouglas-fir, coast Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesiiDouglas-fir, interior Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glaucadraba, Alaska Draba stenolobadraba, Carolina Draba reptans* draba, few-seeded Draba oligospermadraba, golden Draba aureadraba, gray-leaved Draba cinereadraba, lance-fruited Draba lonchocarpadraba, lance-leaved Draba canadraba, Nuttall’s Draba densifoliadraba, Payson’s Draba paysoniidraba, smooth Draba glabelladraba, tall Draba praealtadraba, thick-leaved Draba crassifoliadraba, woods Draba nemorosadraba, Yellowstone Draba incertadragonhead, American Dracocephalum parviflorumdropseed, sand Sporobolus cryptandrusduckweed, common Lemna minorduckweed, great Spirodela polyrhizaduckweed, ivy-leaved Lemna trisulca

elderberry, blue Sambucus ceruleaelderberry, red Sambucus racemosa


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elephant’s head Pedicularis groenlandicaeriophyllum, woolly Eriophyllum lanatumevening-primrose, pale Oenothera pallidaevening-primrose, yellow Oenothera depressa

fairy-candelabra, northern Androsace septentrionalisfairybells, Hooker’s Disporum hookerifairybells, rough-fruited Disporum trachycarpumfairybells, Smith’s Disporum smithiifairyslipper Calypso bulbosafalse Solomon’s-seal Smilacina racemosafalse Solomon’s-seal, star-flowered Smilacina stellatafalse Solomon’s-seal, three-leaved Smilacina trifoliafalse-manna, weak Torreyochloa pauciflorafalsebox Paxistima myrsinitesfalseflax, little-podded Camelina microcarpafeathermoss, red-stemmed Pleurozium schreberifern, beech Thelypteris phegopterisfern, Braun’s holly Polystichum brauniifern, deer Blechnum spicantfern, Fees’ lip Cheilanthes feeifern, fragile Cystopteris fragilisfern, fragrant shield Dryopteris fragransfern, lady Athyrium filix-feminafern, leathery grape Botrychium multifidumfern, licorice Polypodium glycyrrhizafern, maidenhair Adiantum pedatumfern, male Dryopteris filix-masfern, mountain bladder Cystopteris montanafern, mountain holly Polystichum lonchitisfern, northern grape Botrychium borealefern, oak Gymnocarpium dryopterisfern, ostrich Matteuccia struthiopterisfern, parsley Cryptogramma crispafern, rattlesnake Botrychium virginianumfern, spiny wood Dryopteris assimilisfern, sword Polystichum munitumfescue, alpine Festuca brachyphyllafescue, Altai Festuca altaicafescue, Baffin Festuca baffinensisfescue, bearded Festuca subulatafescue, crinkle-awned Festuca subuliflorafescue, green Festuca viridulafescue, Idaho Festuca idahoensisfescue, meadow Festuca pratensisfescue, rattail Vulpia myurosfescue, red Festuca rubrafescue, Rocky Mountain Festuca saximontanafescue, rough Festuca scabrellafescue, six-weeks Vulpia octoflora


43

fescue, tall Festuca arundinaceafescue, western Festuca occidentalisfiddleneck, small-flowered Amsinckia menziesiifir, amabilis Abies amabilisfir, grand Abies grandisfir, subalpine Abies lasiocarpafireweed Epilobium angustifoliumflax, wild blue Linum lewisiiflaxflower, Harkness’ Linanthus harknessiiflaxflower, northern Linanthus septentrionalisfleabane, bitter Erigeron acrisfleabane, golden Erigeron aureusfleabane, line-leaved Erigeron linearisfleabane, long-leaved Erigeron corymbosusfleabane, Philadelphia Erigeron philadelphicusfleabane, rough-stemmed Erigeron strigosusfleabane, shaggy Erigeron pumilusfleabane, showy Erigeron speciosusfleabane, spear-leaved Erigeron lonchophyllusfleabane, spreading Erigeron divergensfleabane, thread-leaved Erigeron filifoliusfleabane, trailing Erigeron flagellarisfleabane, tufted Erigeron caespitosusflixweed Descurainia sophiafoamflower, cut-leaved Tiarella laciniatafoamflower, one-leaved Tiarella unifoliatafoamflower, three-leaved Tiarella trifoliatafool’s-onion Triteleia hyacinthinaforget-me-not, blue Myosotis strictaforget-me-not, common Myosotis scorpioidesforget-me-not, field Myosotis arvensisforget-me-not, mountain Myosotis asiaticaforget-me-not, small-flowered Myosotis laxaforget-me-not, spring Myosotis vernaforget-me-not, wood Myosotis sylvaticafoxglove Digitalis purpureafringecup, tall Tellima grandiflora

gentian, broad-petalled Gentiana platypetalagentian, four-parted Gentianella propinquagentian, glaucous Gentiana glaucagentian, king Gentiana sceptrumgentian, moss Gentiana prostratagentian, mountain bog Gentiana calycosagentian, northern Gentianella amarellagentian, prairie Gentiana affinisgentian, slender Gentianella tenellagentian, swamp Gentiana douglasianageranium, Bicknell’s Geranium bicknelliigeranium, Carolina Geranium carolinianum


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geranium, dovefoot Geranium mollegeranium, northern Geranium erianthumgeranium, Robert Geranium robertianumgeranium, sticky Geranium viscosissimumgeranium, white Geranium richardsoniigilia, globe Gilia capitatagilia, scarlet Ipomopsis aggregataglasswort, European Salicornia europaeaglasswort, green European Salicornia europaea ssp. europaeaglasswort, red European Salicornia europaea ssp. rubraglobeflower Trollius laxusgnome-plant Hemitomes congestumgoatsbeard Aruncus dioicusgolden-aster, hairy Heterotheca villosagolden-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium californicumgolden-saxifrage, northern Chrysosplenium tetrandrumgoldenrod, Canada Solidago canadensisgoldenrod, Missouri Solidago missouriensisgoldenrod, northern Solidago multiradiatagoldenrod, smooth Solidago giganteagoldenrod, spike-like Solidago spathulatagoldenweed, Lyall’s Haplopappus lyalliigoldthread, fern-leaved Coptis aspleniifoliagoldthread, three-leaved Coptis trifoliagooseberry, black Ribes lacustregooseberry, gummy Ribes lobbiigooseberry, Idaho Ribes irriguumgooseberry, mountain Ribes montigenumgooseberry, northern Ribes oxyacanthoidesgooseberry, white-stemmed Ribes inermegooseberry, wild Ribes divaricatumgoosefoot, red Chenopodium rubrumgorse Ulex europaeusgrama, blue Bouteloua gracilisgrass, needle-and-thread Stipa comatagrass, squirreltail Sitanion hystrixgrass-of-Parnassus, fringed Parnassia fimbriatagrass-of-Parnassus, Kotzebue’s Parnassia kotzebueigrass-of-Parnassus, northern Parnassia palustrisgrass-of-Parnassus, small-flowered Parnassia parvifloragromwell, yellow Lithospermum incisumground-cedar Lycopodium complanatumground-pine Lycopodium obscurumgroundcone Boschniakia hookerigroundsel, arrow-leaved Senecio triangularisgroundsel, black-tipped Senecio lugensgroundsel, common Senecio vulgarisgroundsel, western Senecio integerrimusgroundsel, wood Senecio sylvaticusgroundsel, woolly Senecio canus


45

grouseberry Vaccinium scopariumgumweed, curly-cup Grindelia squarrosagumweed, low Grindelia nanagumweed, Puget Sound Grindelia integrifolia

hairgrass, early Aira praecoxhairgrass, mountain Vahlodea atropurpureahairgrass, silver Aira caryophylleahairgrass, slender Deschampsia elongatahairgrass, tufted Deschampsia cespitosahardhack Spiraea douglasiihardhack Spiraea douglasii ssp. douglasiiharebell, common Campanula rotundifoliaharebell, mountain Campanula lasiocarpaharebell, Scouler’s Campanula scoulerihawksbeard, annual Crepis tectorumhawksbeard, elegant Crepis eleganshawksbeard, gray Crepis intermediahawksbeard, slender Crepis atrabarbahawksbeard, smooth Crepis capillarishawksbeard, western Crepis occidentalishawkweed, Canada Hieracium canadensehawkweed, hound’s-tongue Hieracium cynoglossoideshawkweed, narrow-leaved Hieracium umbellatumhawkweed, orange Hieracium aurantiacumhawkweed, Scouler’s Hieracium scoulerihawkweed, slender Hieracium gracilehawkweed, western Hieracium albertinumhawkweed, white-flowered Hieracium albiflorumhawkweed, woolly Hieracium tristehawthorn, black Crataegus douglasiihawthorn, common Crataegus monogynahawthorn, red Crataegus columbianahazelnut, beaked Corylus cornutahedge-nettle, Cooley’s Stachys cooleyaehedge-nettle, Mexican Stachys mexicanahedge-nettle, swamp Stachys palustrishedysarum, alpine Hedysarum alpinumhedysarum, northern Hedysarum borealehedysarum, yellow Hedysarum sulphurescenshellebore, Indian Veratrum viridehemlock, mountain Tsuga mertensianahemlock, western Tsuga heterophyllahemp-nettle, common Galeopsis tetrahithighbush-cranberry Viburnum edulehoneysuckle, hairy Lonicera hispidulahoneysuckle, red Lonicera dioicahoneysuckle, Utah Lonicera utahensishoneysuckle, western trumpet Lonicera ciliosahorsebrush, gray Tetradymia canescens


46

horsetail, common Equisetum arvensehorsetail, giant Equisetum telmateiahorsetail, marsh Equisetum palustrehorsetail, meadow Equisetum pratensehorsetail, swamp Equisetum fluviatilehorsetail, wood Equisetum sylvaticumhorseweed Conyza canadensishound’s-tongue, common Cynoglossum officinalehound’s-tongue, northern Cynoglossum borealehuckleberry, black Vaccinium membranaceumhuckleberry, blue-leaved Vaccinium deliciosumhuckleberry, evergreen Vaccinium ovatumhuckleberry, red Vaccinium parvifolium

Indian-pipe Monotropa unifloraIndian-plum Oemleria cerasiformisIndian-ricegrass Stipa hymenoidesIndian-wheat Plantago patagonicairis, western blue Iris missouriensisiris, yellow Iris pseudacorus

Jacob’s-ladder, annual Polemonium micranthumJacob’s-ladder, elegant Polemonium elegansJacob’s-ladder, northern Polemonium borealeJacob’s-ladder, showy Polemonium pulcherrimumJacob’s-ladder, sticky Polemonium viscosumJacob’s-ladder, tall Polemonium caeruleumjunegrass Koeleria macranthajuniper, common Juniperus communisjuniper, creeping Juniperus horizontalisjuniper, Rocky Mountain Juniperus scopulorum

kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursiknapweed, black Centaurea nigraknapweed, diffuse Centaurea diffusaknapweed, Russian Centaurea repensknapweed, spotted Centaurea maculosaknight’s plume Ptilium crista-castrensisknotweed, beach Polygonum paronychiaknotweed, Douglas’ Polygonum douglasiiknotweed, Fowler’s Polygonum fowleriknotweed, Kellogg’s Polygonum kelloggiiknotweed, leafy dwarf Polygonum minimumknotweed, Nuttall’s Polygonum nuttalliiknotweed, prostrate Polygonum aviculareknotweed, spurry Polygonum spergulariiformeknotweed, wiry Polygonum majusknotweed, yellow-flowered Polygonum ramosissimumkobresia, Bellard’s Kobresia myosuroideskobresia, simple Kobresia simpliciuscula


47

Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicumLabrador tea, northern Ledum palustreladies’ tresses Spiranthes romanzoffianalady’s-thumb Polygonum persicarialadyslipper, mountain Cypripedium montanumladyslipper, sparrow’s-egg Cypripedium passerinumladyslipper, yellow Cypripedium calceoluslamb’s-quarters Chenopodium albumlarch, alpine Larix lyalliilarch, western Larix occidentalislarkspur, Menzies’ Delphinium menziesiilarkspur, Montana Delphinium bicolorlarkspur, tall Delphinium glaucumlarkspur, upland Delphinium nuttallianumleatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculatalemonweed Lithospermum ruderalelettuce, blue Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchellalettuce, tall blue Lactuca biennislewisia, alpine Lewisia pygmaealichen, dog Peltigera caninalichen, reindeer Cladina rangiferinalilaeopsis, western Lilaeopsis occidentalislily, alp Lloydia serotinalily, chocolate Fritillaria lanceolatalily, glacier Erythronium grandiflorumlily, pink fawn Erythronium revolutumlily, sagebrush mariposa Calochortus macrocarpuslily, threespot mariposa Calochortus apiculatuslily, tiger Lilium columbianumlily, white fawn Erythronium oregonumlily, wood Lilium philadelphicumlily-of-the-valley, false Maianthemum dilatatumlily-of-the-valley, wild Maianthemum canadenselingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaealiverwort, common leafy Barbilophozia lycopodioidesliverwort, floating Ricciocarpos natanslobelia, water Lobelia dortmannalocoweed, blackish Oxytropis nigrescenslocoweed, field Oxytropis campestrislocoweed, pendant-podded Oxytropis deflexalocoweed, showy Oxytropis splendenslocoweed, silky Oxytropis sericealocoweed, stalked-pod Oxytropis podocarpalocust, black Robinia pseudoacacialoosestrife, tufted Lysimachia thyrsifloralousewort, bird’s-beak Pedicularis ornithorhynchalousewort, boreal Pedicularis macrodontalousewort, bracted Pedicularis bracteosalousewort, capitate Pedicularis capitata


48

lousewort, coil-beaked Pedicularis contortalousewort, Labrador Pedicularis labradoricalousewort, Langsdorf’s Pedicularis langsdorfiilousewort, sickletop Pedicularis racemosalousewort, small-flowered Pedicularis parvifloralovage, Calder’s Ligusticum calderilovage, Canby’s Ligusticum canbyilovage, Gray’s Ligusticum grayilungwort Lobaria pulmonarialupine, arctic Lupinus arcticuslupine, bigleaf Lupinus burkeilupine, large-leaved Lupinus polyphylluslupine, Nootka Lupinus nootkatensislupine, prairie Lupinus lepiduslupine, seashore Lupinus littoralislupine, silky Lupinus sericeuslupine, sulphur Lupinus sulphureuslupine, two-coloured Lupinus bicolor

mannagrass, fowl Glyceria striatamannagrass, northern Glyceria borealismannagrass, reed Glyceria grandismannagrass, tall Glyceria elatamannagrass, western Glyceria occidentalismanzanita, hairy Arctostaphylos columbianamaple, bigleaf Acer macrophyllummaple, Douglas Acer glabrummaple, vine Acer circinatummare’s-tail Hippuris vulgarismarsh-marigold, alpine white Caltha leptosepala var. leptosepalamarsh-marigold, two-flowered white Caltha leptosepala var. bifloramarsh-marigold, white Caltha leptosepalameadow-foxtail Alopecurus pratensismeadow-foxtail, creeping Alopecurus arundinaceus*meadow-foxtail, little Alopecurus aequalismeadow-foxtail, water Alopecurus geniculatusmeadowrue, alpine Thalictrum alpinummeadowrue, few-flowered Thalictrum sparsiflorummeadowrue, veiny Thalictrum venulosummeadowrue, western Thalictrum occidentalemedic, black Medicago lupulinamelic, false Schizachne purpurascensmelic, Smith’s Melica smithiimentzelia, small-flowered Mentzelia albicaulismicroseris, nodding Microseris nutansmilk-vetch, alpine Astragalus alpinusmilk-vetch, American Astragalus americanusmilk-vetch, Canada Astragalus canadensismilk-vetch, elegant Astragalus eucosmusmilk-vetch, field Astragalus agrestismilk-vetch, hillside Astragalus collinus


49

milk-vetch, Indian Astragalus aboriginummilk-vetch, lotus Astragalus lotiflorusmilk-vetch, pulse Astragalus tenellusmilk-vetch, Robbins’ Astragalus robbinsiimilk-vetch, threadstalk Astragalus filipesmilk-vetch, timber Astragalus misermilk-vetch, Weiser Astragalus beckwithiimilk-vetch, woollypod Astragalus purshiimilkweed, showy Asclepias speciosaminer’s-lettuce Claytonia perfoliataminer’s-lettuce, Siberian Claytonia sibiricamint, field Mentha arvensismistletoe, western dwarf Arceuthobium campylopodummistmaiden, Sitka Romanzoffia sitchensismitrewort, Brewer’s Mitella brewerimitrewort, common Mitella nudamitrewort, five-stamened Mitella pentandramitrewort, oval-leaved Mitella ovalismitrewort, three-toothed Mitella trifidamock-orange Philadelphus lewisiimonkey-flower, chickweed Mimulus alsinoidesmonkey-flower, Haida Mimulus guttatus ssp. haidensismonkey-flower, mountain Mimulus tilingiimonkey-flower, pink Mimulus lewisiimonkey-flower, purple-stemmed Mimulus floribundusmonkey-flower, yellow Mimulus guttatusmonkey-flower, yellow Mimulus guttatus ssp. guttatusmonkshood, Columbian Aconitum columbianummonkshood, mountain Aconitum delphiniifoliummontia, Chamisso’s Montia chamissoimontia, narrow-leaved Montia linearismontia, small-leaved Montia parvifoliamoonwort Botrychium lunariamoss, apple Bartramia pomiformismoss, awned haircap Polytrichum piliferummoss, bent-leaf Rhytidiadelphus squarrosusmoss, broken-leaf Dicranum tauricummoss, broom Dicranum scopariummoss, curly heron’s-bill Dicranum fuscescensmoss, electrified cat’s-tail Rhytidiadelphus triquetrusmoss, elegant Isopterygium elegansmoss, flat Plagiothecium undulatummoss, glow Aulacomnium palustremoss, golden fuzzy fen Tomenthypnum nitensmoss, grey frayed-cap Rhacomitrium canescensmoss, juniper haircap Polytrichum juniperinummoss, lanky Rhytidiadelphus loreusmoss, lawn Brachythecium albicansmoss, leafy Mniummoss, Oregon beaked Stokesiella oreganum


50

moss, palm tree Leucolepis menziesiimoss, pipecleaner Rhytidiopsis robustamoss, red-mouthed leafy Mnium spinulosummoss, sickle Drepanocladus uncinatusmoss, spring Philonotis fontanamoss, step Hylocomium splendensmoss, variable Isothecium spiculiferummoss, wavy-leaved Dicranum polysetummountain-ash, European Sorbus aucupariamountain-ash, Sitka Sorbus sitchensismountain-ash, western Sorbus scopulinamountain-avens, entire-leaved Dryas integrifoliamountain-avens, white Dryas octopetalamountain-avens, yellow Dryas drummondiimountain-heather, Alaskan Cassiope stellerianamountain-heather, club-moss Cassiope lycopodioidesmountain-heather, four-angled Cassiope tetragonamountain-heather, pink Phyllodoce empetriformismountain-heather, white Cassiope mertensianamountain-heather, yellow Phyllodoce glandulifloramountainbells Stenanthium occidentalemousetail, bristly Myosurus aristatusmugwort, Aleutian Artemisia tilesiimugwort, Columbia Artemisia lindleyanamugwort, Michaux’s Artemisia michauxianamugwort, Suksdorf’s Artemisia suksdorfiimugwort, western Artemisia ludovicianamuhly, alkali Muhlenbergia asperifoliamuhly, marsh Muhlenbergia glomeratamuhly, mat Muhlenbergia richardsonismuhly, slender Muhlenbergia filiformismullein, great Verbascum thapsusmullein, moth Verbascum blattariamullein, woolly Verbascum phlomoidesmusk-flower Mimulus moschatusmustard, bird rape Brassica rapamustard, hedge Sisymbrium officinalemustard, tower Arabis glabramustard, wormseed Erysimum cheiranthoidesmuttongrass Poa fendleriana

nagoonberry, dwarf Rubus arcticusneedlegrass, green Stipa viridulaneedlegrass, spreading Stipa richardsoniineedlegrass, stiff Stipa occidentalisnemophila, Great Basin Nemophila brevifloranettle, stinging Urtica dioicanightshade, black Solanum americanumnightshade, cut-leaved Solanum triflorumnightshade, enchanter’s Circaea alpina


51

ninebark, mallow Physocarpus malvaceusninebark, Pacific Physocarpus capitatus

oak, Garry Quercus garryanaoatgrass, California Danthonia californicaoatgrass, Canadian Danthonia canadensisoatgrass, downy Danthonia sericeaoatgrass, poverty Danthonia spicataoatgrass, timber Danthonia intermedia* ocean-spray Holodiscus discolorold man’s whiskers Geum triflorumonion, Geyer’s Allium geyerionion, Hooker’s Allium acuminatumonion, nodding Allium cernuumoniongrass Melica bulbosaoniongrass, Alaska Melica subulataorchardgrass Dactylis glomerataorchid, dwarf rattlesnake Goodyera repensorchis, round-leaved Amerorchis rotundifoliaOregon-grape, creeping Mahonia repensOregon-grape, dull Mahonia nervosaOregon-grape, tall Mahonia aquifoliumowl-clover, rosy Orthocarpus bracteosusowl-clover, thin-leaved Orthocarpus tenuifoliusowl-clover, yellow Orthocarpus luteus

paintbrush, alpine Castilleja rhexifoliapaintbrush, coastal red Castilleja hyetophilapaintbrush, common red Castilleja miniatapaintbrush, Cusick’s Castilleja cusickiipaintbrush, deer Castilleja cervinapaintbrush, harsh Castilleja hispidapaintbrush, northwestern Castilleja angustifoliapaintbrush, small-flowered Castilleja parviflorapaintbrush, sulphur Castilleja sulphureapaintbrush, Thompson’s Castilleja thompsoniipaintbrush, yellowish Castilleja lutescenspartridgefoot Luetkea pectinatapasqueflower, western Pulsatilla occidentalispathfinder Adenocaulon bicolorpea, beach Lathyrus japonicuspearlwort, arctic Sagina saginoidespearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritaceapeavine, broad-leaved Lathyrus latifoliuspeavine, creamy Lathyrus ochroleucuspeavine, purple Lathyrus nevadensispennycress, field Thlaspi arvensepenstemon, Alberta Penstemon albertinuspenstemon, broad-leaved Penstemon ovatuspenstemon, coast Penstemon serrulatuspenstemon, Davidson’s Penstemon davidsonii


52

penstemon, fuzzy-tongued Penstemon eriantheruspenstemon, oval-leaved Penstemon ellipticuspenstemon, shrubby Penstemon fruticosuspenstemon, small-flowered Penstemon proceruspenstemon, taper-leaved Penstemon attenuatuspenstemon, woodland Penstemon nemorosuspenstemon, yellow Penstemon confertuspepper-grass, branched Lepidium bourgeauanumpepper-grass, clasping-leaved Lepidium perfoliatumpepper-grass, prairie Lepidium densiflorumpepper-grass, tall Lepidium virginicumphacelia, Franklin’s Phacelia frankliniiphacelia, narrow-sepaled Phacelia leptosepalaphacelia, silky Phacelia sericeaphacelia, silverleaf Phacelia hastataphacelia, thread-leaved Phacelia linearisphacelia, varileaf Phacelia heterophyllaphlox, long-leaved Phlox longifoliaphlox, showy Phlox speciosaphlox, spreading Phlox diffusaphlox, tufted Phlox caespitosapiggy-back plant Tolmiea menziesiipine, jack Pinus banksianapine, limber Pinus flexilispine, lodgepole Pinus contorta var. latifoliapine, ponderosa/yellow Pinus ponderosapine, shore Pinus contorta var. contortapine, western white Pinus monticolapine, whitebark Pinus albicaulispineapple weed Chamomilla suaveolenspinedrops Pterospora andromedeapinegrass Calamagrostis rubescenspinesap Hypopitys monotropapink fairies Clarkia pulchellapink twink Microsteris gracilispipsissewa, Menzies’ Chimaphila menziesiipitcher-plant Sarracenia purpureaplainsmustard, flax-leaved Schoenocrambe linifoliaplantain, common Plantago majorplantain, ribwort Plantago lanceolataplantain, slender Plantago elongatapoison-hemlock Conium maculatumpoison-ivy Toxicodendron rydbergiipoison-oak Toxicodendron diversilobumpolargrass Arctagrostis latifoliapoliceman’s helmet Impatiens glanduliferapolypody, leatherleaf Polypodium scouleripolypody, Pacific Polypodium montensepolypody, western Polypodium hesperiumpondweed, closed-leaved Potamogeton foliosus


53

pondweed, eel-grass Potamogeton zosteriformispondweed, fennel-leaved Potamogeton pectinatuspondweed, floating-leaved Potamogeton natanspondweed, grass-leaved Potamogeton gramineuspondweed, long-leaved Potamogeton nodosuspondweed, northern Potamogeton alpinuspondweed, ribbon-leaved Potamogeton epihydruspondweed, Robbin’s Potamogeton robbinsiipondweed, sheathed Potamogeton vaginatuspondweed, slender-leaved Potamogeton filiformispondweed, small Potamogeton pusilluspopcornflower, Scouler’s Plagiobothrys scouleripoplar Populus balsamiferapoplar, balsam Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamiferaporcupinegrass Stipa sparteaprairie crocus Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifidaprince’s pine Chimaphila umbellatapussytoes, field Antennaria neglectapussytoes, low Antennaria dimorphapussytoes, Nuttall’s Antennaria parvifoliapussytoes, racemose Antennaria racemosapussytoes, rosy Antennaria microphyllapussytoes, showy Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. pulcherrimapussytoes, tall Antennaria pulcherrima ssp. anaphaloidespussytoes, umber Antennaria umbrinellapussytoes, woodrush Antennaria luzuloidespussytoes, woolly Antennaria lanata

quackgrass Agropyron repensqueen’s cup Clintonia uniflora

rabbit-brush Chrysothamnus nauseosusragwort, dryland Senecio eremophilusragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaearaspberry, black Rubus leucodermisraspberry, red Rubus idaeusraspberry, trailing Rubus pubescensrattle, yellow Rhinanthus minorrattlesnake-plantain Goodyera oblongifoliarattlesnake-root, purple Prenanthes racemosarattlesnake-root, western Prenanthes alataredcedar, western Thuja plicataredtop Agrostis giganteareed, common Phragmites australisreedgrass, Lapland Calamagrostis lapponicareedgrass, narrow-spiked Calamagrostis inexpansareedgrass, Pacific Calamagrostis nutkaensisreedgrass, purple Calamagrostis purpurascensreedgrass, Scribner’s Calamagrostis scribnerireedgrass, slimstem Calamagrostis stricta


54

rein-orchid, Alaska Platanthera unalascensisrein-orchid, one-leaved Platanthera obtusatarein-orchid, round-leaved Platanthera orbiculatarhododendron, Pacific Rhododendron macrophyllumrhododendron, white-flowered Rhododendron albiflorumrice-root, northern Fritillaria camschatcensisricegrass, little Oryzopsis exiguaricegrass, little-seeded Oryzopsis micrantharicegrass, rough-leaved Oryzopsis asperifoliaricegrass, short-awned Oryzopsis pungensrockcress, Drummond’s Arabis drummondiirockcress, hairy Arabis hirsutarockcress, Holboell’s Arabis holboelliirockcress, Lyall’s Arabis lyalliirockcress, lyre-leaved Arabis lyratarockcress, sickle-pod Arabis sparsiflorarockcress, spreading-pod Arabis divaricarparocket, prairie Erysimum asperumrose, baldhip Rosa gymnocarparose, clustered wild Rosa pisocarparose, Nootka Rosa nutkanarose, prairie Rosa woodsiirose, prickly Rosa acicularisrosebay, Lapland Rhododendron lapponicumroseroot Sedum integrifoliumrush, alpine Juncus alpinoarticulatusrush, arctic Juncus arcticusrush, Bolander’s Juncus bolanderirush, chestnut Juncus castaneusrush, Colorado Juncus confususrush, common Juncus effususrush, dagger-leaved Juncus ensifoliusrush, Drummond’s Juncus drummondiirush, jointed Juncus articulatusrush, Kellogg’s Juncus kelloggiirush, long-styled Juncus longistylisrush, Mertens’ Juncus mertensianus ssp. mertensianusrush, mud Juncus gerardiirush, Nevada Juncus mertensianus ssp. gracilisrush, Parry’s Juncus parryirush, slender Juncus tenuisrush, tapered Juncus acuminatusrush, thread Juncus filiformisrush, three-flowered Juncus triglumisrush, toad Juncus bufoniusrush, Torry’s Juncus torreyirush, tuberous Juncus nodosusrush, Vasey’s Juncus vaseyiryegrass, perennial Lolium perenne


55

sage, pasture Artemisia frigidasagebrush, big Artemisia tridentatasagebrush, threetip Artemisia tripartitasagewort, mountain Artemisia arcticaSt. John’s-wort, bog Hypericum anagalloidesSt. John’s-wort, common Hypericum perforatumSt. John’s-wort, western Hypericum formosumsainfoin Onobrychis viciifoliasalal Gaultheria shallonsalmonberry Rubus spectabilissalsify, common Tragopogon porrifoliussalsify, meadow Tragopogon pratensissalsify, yellow Tragopogon dubiussaltgrass, alkali Distichlis strictasaltgrass, seashore Distichlis spicatasand-spurry, beach Spergularia macrothecasand-spurry, Canadian Spergularia canadensissand-spurry, red Spergularia rubrasand-verbena, yellow Abronia latifoliasandwort, alpine Minuartia obtusilobasandwort, big-leaved Moehringia macrophyllasandwort, blunt-leaved Moehringia lateriflorasandwort, boreal Minuartia rubellasandwort, mountain Minuartia biflorasandwort, northern Minuartia rossiisandwort, Nuttall’s Minuartia nuttalliisandwort, seabeach Honkenya peploidessandwort, slender Minuartia tenellasandwort, thread-leaved Arenaria capillarissanicle, Pacific Sanicula crassicaulissanicle, Sierra Sanicula graveolenssaskatoon Amelanchier alnifoliasatin-flower Sisyrinchium douglasiisaxifrage, Alaska Saxifraga ferrugineasaxifrage, alpine Saxifraga nivalissaxifrage, brook Saxifraga nelsonianasaxifrage, buttercup-leaved Suksdorfia ranunculifoliasaxifrage, evergreen Saxifraga aizoidessaxifrage, grassland Saxifraga integrifoliasaxifrage, leatherleaf Leptarrhena pyrolifoliasaxifrage, nodding Saxifraga cernuasaxifrage, purple mountain Saxifraga oppositifoliasaxifrage, red-stemmed Saxifraga lyalliisaxifrage, rusty-haired Saxifraga rufidulasaxifrage, spotted Saxifraga bronchialissaxifrage, stoloniferous Saxifraga flagellarissaxifrage, stream Saxifraga odontolomasaxifrage, three-toothed Saxifraga tricuspidatasaxifrage, Tolmie’s Saxifraga tolmieisaxifrage, tufted Saxifraga cespitosa


56

saxifrage, violet Suksdorfia violaceasaxifrage, wedge-leaved Saxifraga adcendenssaxifrage, western Saxifraga occidentalissaxifrage, wood Saxifraga mertensianascheuchzeria Scheuchzeria palustrisscouring-rush Equisetum hyemalescouring-rush, dwarf Equisetum scirpoidesscouring-rush, northern Equisetum variegatumscouring-rush, smooth Equisetum laevigatumsea blush Plectritis congestasea-milkwort Glaux maritimaseablite Suaeda depressasedge, awl-fruited Carex stipatasedge, awned Carex atherodessedge, Bebb’s Carex bebbiisedge, beaked Carex rostratasedge, bent Carex deflexasedge, bigleaf Carex amplifoliasedge, black alpine Carex nigricanssedge, black-scaled Carex atrosquamasedge, blunt Carex obtusatasedge, Brewer’s Carex brewerisedge, bristle-leaved Carex eburneasedge, bristle-stalked Carex leptaleasedge, bronze Carex aeneasedge, brownish Carex brunnescenssedge, Buxbaum’s Carex buxbaumiisedge, capitate Carex capitatasedge, coastal stellate Carex phyllomanicasedge, Columbia Carex apertasedge, cordroot Carex chordorrhizasedge, Crawford’s Carex crawfordiisedge, Cusick’s Carex cusickiisedge, Dewey’s Carex deweyanasedge, Douglas’ Carex douglasiisedge, dunhead Carex phaeocephalasedge, Enander’s Carex enanderisedge, few-flowered Carex pauciflorasedge, few-seeded bog Carex microglochinsedge, field Carex praegracilissedge, golden Carex aureasedge, green Carex oederisedge, grey Carex canescenssedge, hairlike Carex capillarissedge, harefoot Carex leporinasedge, hay Carex foeneasedge, Henderson’s Carex hendersoniisedge, Holm’s Rocky Mountain Carex scopulorumsedge, Hood’s Carex hoodiisedge, Hudson Bay Carex heleonastessedge, inflated Carex vesicaria


57

sedge, inland Carex interiorsedge, large-awned Carex macrochaetasedge, lens-fruited Carex lenticularissedge, lesser panicled Carex diandrasedge, long-beaked Carex sychnocephalasedge, long-bracted Carex retrorsasedge, long-stoloned Carex pensylvanicasedge, long-styled Carex stylosasedge, low northern Carex concinnasedge, meadow Carex praticolasedge, Mertens’ Carex mertensiisedge, narrow-leaved Carex angustiorsedge, narrow-leaved Carex stenophyllasedge, northern clustered Carex arctasedge, northwestern Carex concinnoidessedge, pale Carex lividasedge, Parry’s Carex parryanasedge, pasture Carex petasatasedge, Payson’s Carex paysonissedge, Peck’s Carex peckiisedge, poor Carex pauperculasedge, porcupine Carex hystericinasedge, prairie Carex prairea*sedge, Pyrenean Carex pyrenaicasedge, Raynolds’ Carex raynoldsiisedge, Richardson’s Carex richardsoniisedge, Rocky Mountain Carex saximontanasedge, Ross’ Carex rossiisedge, russet Carex saxatilissedge, ryegrass Carex loliaceasedge, Sartwell’s Carex sartwelliisedge, Scandinavian Carex mediasedge, sheathed Carex vaginatasedge, sheep Carex illotasedge, shore Carex limosasedge, short-beaked Carex simulata*sedge, short-stalked Carex podocarpasedge, showy Carex spectabilissedge, single-spiked Carex scirpoideasedge, Sitka Carex sitchensissedge, slender Carex lasiocarpasedge, slender-beaked Carex athrostachyasedge, slough Carex obnuptasedge, small-awned Carex microchaetasedge, Smokey Mountain Carex propositasedge, smooth-stemmed Carex laeviculmissedge, soft-leaved Carex dispermasedge, sparse-leaved Carex tenuiflorasedge, spikenard Carex nardinasedge, Sprengel’s Carex sprengelii


58

sedge, teacher’s Carex praeceptorumsedge, tender Carex tenera*sedge, thick-headed Carex maclovianasedge, thread-leaved Carex filifoliasedge, three-seeded Carex trispermasedge, two-parted Carex bipartitasedge, two-toned Carex albonigrasedge, water Carex aquatilissedge, woolly Carex lanuginosasedge, yellow bog Carex dioica ssp. gynocratessedge, yellow-fruited Carex flavaselaginella, compact Selaginella densaselaginella, low Selaginella selaginoidesselaginella, northern Selaginella sibiricaselaginella, Wallace’s Selaginella wallaceiself-heal Prunella vulgarisshepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastorisshootingstar, broad-leaved Dodecatheon hendersoniishootingstar, few-flowered Dodecatheon pulchellumshootingstar, Jeffrey’s Dodecatheon jeffreyishootingstar, slimpod Dodecatheon conjugenssibbaldia Sibbaldia procumbenssilverweed Potentilla anserinasingle delight Moneses unifloraskeletonplant, rush-like Lygodesmia junceaskeletonweed, narrow-leaved Stephanomeria tenuifoliaskullcap, blue Scutellaria laterifloraskullcap, marsh Scutellaria galericulataskullcap, narrow-leaved Scutellaria angustifoliaskunk cabbage Lysichiton americanumsloughgrass Beckmannia syzigachnesmartweed, marshpepper Polygonum hydropipersmartweed, swamp Polygonum hydropiperoidessmartweed, water Polygonum amphibiumsmelowskia, alpine Smelowskia calycinasnake-root, black Sanicula marilandicasnowberry, common Symphoricarpos albussnowberry, mountain Symphoricarpos oreophilussnowberry, trailing Symphoricarpos mollissnowberry, western Symphoricarpos occidentalissnowbrush Ceanothus velutinussoopolallie Shepherdia canadensissorrel, garden Rumex acetosasorrel, mountain Oxyria digynasour weed Rumex acetosellasow-thistle, annual Sonchus oleraceussow-thistle, perennial Sonchus arvensisspearmint Mentha spicataspearwort, lesser Ranunculus flammulaspeedwell, alpine Veronica wormskjoldiispeedwell, Cusick’s Veronica cusickii


59

speedwell, marsh Veronica scutellataspeedwell, purslane Veronica peregrinusspeedwell, slender Veronica filiformisspeedwell, thyme-leaved Veronica serpyllifoliaspeedwell, water Veronica anagallis-aquaticasphagnum Sphagnumsphagnum, common brown Sphagnum fuscumsphagnum, common green Sphagnum girgensohniisphagnum, common red Sphagnum capillaceumspike-rush, beaked Eleocharis rostellataspike-rush, blunt Eleocharis ovataspike-rush, common Eleocharis palustrisspike-rush, few-flowered Eleocharis quinquefloraspike-rush, needle Eleocharis acicularisspirea, birch-leaved Spiraea betulifoliaspirea, pink Spiraea douglasii ssp. menziesiispirea, pyramid Spiraea pyramidataspirea, subalpine Spiraea densifloraspleenwort, green Asplenium viridespleenwort, maidenhair Asplenium trichomanessprangle-top Scolochloa festucaceaspring gold Lomatium utriculatumspringbeauty, heart-leaved Claytonia cordifoliaspringbeauty, western Claytonia lanceolataspruce, black Picea marianaspruce, Engelmann Picea engelmanniispruce, hybrid white Picea glauca x engelmanniispruce, Roche Picea sitchensis x glauca (= P. x lutzii)spruce, Sitka Picea sitchensisspruce, white Picea glaucaspurge, leafy Euphorbia esulastarflower, broad-leaved Trientalis latifoliastarflower, northern Trientalis europaeastarwort, crisp Stellaria crispastarwort, long-leaved Stellaria longifoliastarwort, long-stalked Stellaria longipesstarwort, northern Stellaria calycanthasteer’s head Dicentra uniflorastickseed, blue Hackelia micranthastickseed, bristly Lappula squarrosastickseed, many-flowered Hackelia floribundastickseed, nodding Hackelia deflexastickseed, sagebrush Hackelia aridastickseed, spreading Hackelia diffusastickseed, western Lappula redowskiistonecrop, broad-leaved Sedum spathulifoliumstonecrop, lance-leaved Sedum lanceolatumstonecrop, Oregon Sedum oreganumstonecrop, spreading Sedum divergensstonecrop, worm-leaved Sedum stenopetalum


60

stork’s-bill Erodium cicutariumstrawberry, blue-leaved Fragaria virginiana ssp. glaucastrawberry, coastal Fragaria chiloensisstrawberry, wild Fragaria virginianastrawberry, wood Fragaria vescastrawberry-blite Chenopodium capitatumsumac Rhus glabrasundew, long-leaved Drosera anglicasundew, round-leaved Drosera rotundifoliasweet gale Myrica galesweet-cicely, blunt-fruited Osmorhiza depauperatasweet-cicely, mountain Osmorhiza chilensissweet-cicely, purple Osmorhiza purpureasweet-cicely, western Osmorhiza occidentalissweet-clover, white Melilotus albasweet-clover, yellow Melilotus officinalissweetgrass, alpine Hierochloe alpinasweetgrass, common Hierochloe odorata

tamarack Larix laricinatansy, common Tanacetum vulgaretansy, western dune Tanacetum bipinnatumtansymustard, Richardson’s Descurainia richardsoniitansymustard, western Descurainia pinnatatarragon Artemisia dracunculustarweed, clustered Madia glomeratatarweed, little Madia exiguatarweed, slender Madia gracilistarweed, woodland Madia madioidestea-berry, western Gaultheria ovatifoliathimbleberry Rubus parviflorusthistle, bull Cirsium vulgarethistle, Canada Cirsium arvensethistle, edible Cirsium edulethistle, Hooker’s Cirsium hookerianumthistle, nodding Carduus nutansthistle, Russian Salsola kalithistle, short-styled Cirsium brevistylumthistle, wavy-leaved Cirsium undulatumthree-awn, red Aristida longisetathrift Armeria maritimatimothy Phleum pratensetimothy, alpine Phleum alpinumtoad-flax, bastard Geocaulon lividumtoadflax, dalmatian Linaria dalmaticatouch-me-not, common Impatiens noli-tangeretouch-me-not, orange Impatiens aurellatouch-me-not, spotted Impatiens capensistouch-me-not, spurless Impatiens ecalcaratatrapper’s tea Ledum glandulosum


61

trefoil, birds-foot Lotus corniculatustrefoil, meadow birds-foot Lotus denticulatustrillium, western Trillium ovatumtrisetum, nodding Trisetum cernuumtrisetum, spike Trisetum spicatumtumble-mustard, Loesel’s Sisymbrium loeseliitumble-mustard, tall Sisymbrium altissimumtwayblade, broad-leaved Listera convallarioidestwayblade, heart-leaved Listera cordatatwayblade, northern Listera borealistwayblade, northwestern Listera caurinatwinberry, black Lonicera involucratatwinflower Linnaea borealistwistedstalk, clasping Streptopus amplexifoliustwistedstalk, rosy Streptopus roseustwistedstalk, small Streptopus streptopoides

valerian, marsh Valeriana dioicavalerian, Scouler’s Sitka Valeriana sitchensis ssp. scoulerivalerian, Sitka Valeriana sitchensisvanilla-leaf Achlys triphyllavernalgrass, sweet Anthoxanthum odoratumvetch, American Vicia americanavetch, common Vicia sativavetch, giant Vicia giganteavetch, hairy Vicia villosavetch, tufted Vicia craccaviolet, Alaska Viola langsdorfiiviolet, Canada Viola canadensisviolet, early blue Viola aduncaviolet, kidney-leaved Viola renifoliaviolet, marsh Viola palustrisviolet, northern Viola septentrionalisviolet, northern bog Viola nephrophyllaviolet, Nuttall’s Viola nuttalliiviolet, round-leaved Viola orbiculataviolet, small white Viola macloskeyiviolet, stream Viola glabellaviolet, trailing yellow Viola sempervirensviolet, yellow montane Viola nuttallii ssp. praemorsaviolet, yellow prairie Viola nuttallii ssp. nuttalliiviolet, yellow sagebrush Viola nuttallii ssp. vallicola

wallflower, small Erysimum inconspicuumwall-lettuce Mycelis muraliswapato Sagittaria latifoliawater-buttercup, small yellow Ranunculus gmeliniiwater-buttercup, stiff-leaved Ranunculus amphibiuswater-buttercup, white Ranunculus aquatiliswater-buttercup, yellow Ranunculus flabellariswater-hemlock, Douglas’ Cicuta douglasii


62

waterleaf, bullhead Hydrophyllum capitatumwaterleaf, Pacific Hydrophyllum tenuipeswaterlily, fragrant Nymphaea odoratawaterlily, pygmy Nymphaea tetragonawaterlily, yellow Nuphar luteawater-milfoil, northern spiked Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescenswater-milfoil, whorled Myriophyllum verticillatumwater-parsley Oenanthe sarmentosawater-parsnip Sium sauvewater-plantain Alisma plantago-aquaticawatershield Brasenia schreberiwater-starwort, spring Callitriche palustriswheatgrass, bluebunch Agropyron spicatumwheatgrass, broad-glumed Agropyron violaceumwheatgrass, crested Agropyron pectiniformewheatgrass, downy Agropyron dasystachyumwheatgrass, slender Agropyron trachycaulum*

(Agropyron pauciflorum)wheatgrass, western Agropyron smithiiwhitlow-grass, spring Erophila vernawild ginger Asarum caudatumwild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicauliswildrye, blue Elymus glaucuswildrye, Canada Elymus canadensiswildrye, dune Elymus molliswildrye, fuzzy-spiked Elymus innovatuswildrye, giant Elymus cinereuswildrye, hairy Elymus hirsutuswildrye, Macoun’s x Agrohordeum macouniiwillow, Alaska Salix alaxensiswillow, arctic Salix arcticawillow, Athabasca Salix athabascensiswillow, balsam Salix pyrifolia willow, Barclay’s Salix barclayiwillow, Barratt’s Salix barrattianawillow, Bebb’s Salix bebbianawillow, bilberry Salix myrtillifoliawillow, bog Salix pedicellariswillow, Cascade Salix cascadensiswillow, coyote Salix exiguawillow, Drummond’s Salix drummondianawillow, Farr’s Salix farriaewillow, Geyer’s Salix geyerianawillow, grey-leaved Salix glaucawillow, hoary Salix candidawillow, Hooker’s Salix hookerianawillow, Maccall’s Salix maccallianawillow, Mackenzie’s Salix mackenzieanawillow, mountain Salix pseudomonticolawillow, netted Salix reticulata


63

willow, New England Salix novae-angliaewillow, northern bush Salix arbusculoideswillow, Pacific Salix lasiandrawillow, peach-leaf Salix amygdaloideswillow, polar Salix polariswillow, pussy Salix discolorwillow, rock Salix vestitawillow, sandbar Salix interiorwillow, Scouler’s Salix scoulerianawillow, short-fruited Salix brachycarpawillow, Sitka Salix sitchensiswillow, snow Salix reticulata ssp. nivaliswillow, soft-leaved Salix sessilifoliawillow, stoloniferous Salix stoloniferawillow, tea-leaved Salix planifoliawillow, variable Salix commutatawillow, woolly Salix lanatawillowherb, alpine Epilobium anagallidifoliumwillowherb, broad-leaved Epilobium latifoliumwillowherb, Hornemann’s Epilobium hornemanniiwillowherb, purple-leaved Epilobium ciliatumwillowherb, small-flowered Epilobium minutumwillowherb, smooth Epilobium glaberrimumwillowherb, sticky Epilobium glandulosumwillowherb, swamp Epilobium palustrewillowherb, yellow Epilobium luteumwintergreen, arctic Pyrola grandiflorawintergreen, green Pyrola chloranthawintergreen, lesser Pyrola minorwintergreen, Nootka Pyrola dentatawintergreen, one-sided Orthilia secundawintergreen, pink Pyrola asarifoliawintergreen, white Pyrola ellipticawintergreen, white-veined Pyrola pictawitchgrass, common Panicum capillarewitchgrass, Scribner’s Panicum oligosantheswitchgrass, western Panicum occidentalewolf-willow Elaeagnus commutatawood-reed, nodding Cinna latifoliawoodland star, slender Lithophragma tenellumwoodland star, small-flowered Lithophragma parviflorumwoodland star, smooth Lithophragma glabrumwoodrush, arctic Luzula arcticawoodrush, curved alpine Luzula arcuatawoodrush, many-flowered Luzula multiflorawoodrush, Piper’s Luzula piperiwoodrush, small-flowered Luzula parviflorawoodrush, smooth Luzula hitchcockiiwoodrush, spiked Luzula spicatawoodrush, Wahlenberg’s Luzula wahlenbergii


64

woodsia, Oregon Woodsia oreganawoodsia, Rocky Mountain Woodsia scopulinawoodsia, smooth Woodsia glabellawormwood, northern Artemisia campestris

yampah Perideridia gairdneriyarrow Achillea millefoliumyarrow, hoary false Chaenactis douglasiiyarrow, western Achillea millefolium var. lanulosayellow bell Fritillaria pudicayellow-cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensisyerba buena Satureja douglasiiyew, western Taxus brevifoliaYorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

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