recommendation of the executive ... - heritage - heritage · heritage act 1995. • the heritage...

Name: K G Luke Factory Hermes Number: 200966

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Recommendation of the Executive Director and assessment of cultural heritage significance under s.32 of the Heritage Act 1995

Name K G Luke Factory Location 26-56 Queens Parade, Fitzroy North Hermes Number 200966 Heritage Overlay Number City of Yarra, HO327 (North Fitzroy Precinct)

K G Luke Factory (August 2017)

This recommendation report has been issued by the Executive Director, Heritage Victoria under s.32 of the Heritage Act 1995. It has not been considered or endorsed by the Heritage Council of Victoria.

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RECOMMENDATION TO THE HERITAGE COUNCIL:

• That the place NOT be included in the Victorian Heritage Register under Section 32 (1)(b) of the Heritage Act 1995.

• The Heritage Council may wish to consider exercising its powers under s42 (1)(d)(i) of the Heritage Act 1995 to refer the recommendation to the City of Yarra for amendment to the local Heritage Overlay (HO327) to include the K G Luke Factory in its entirety. At present, a small section of the eastern end of the place is not included in the Heritage Overlay.

Steven Avery Executive Director Recommendation Date: 22 September 2017


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EXTENT OF NOMINATION Date that the nomination was accepted by the Executive Director 9 August 2017 Written extent of nomination

The extent of nomination is the Art Deco/Moderne K G Luke Factory on the land area outlined in green. Nomination extent diagram – The nominated extent is outlined in green, indicated by the green arrow.


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EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RESPONSE SUMMARY It is the view of the Executive Director that this place should not be included in the Victorian Heritage Register for the reasons outlined in this report. The local heritage significance of the K G Luke Factory is reflected in its partial inclusion in the Heritage Overlay of the City of Yarra Planning Scheme (HO327 - North Fitzroy Precinct). The City of Yarra holds a Statement of Significance for the building, as well as a Statement of Significance for the North Fitzroy Precinct. The place nominated as the Former K G Luke Factory is only partially included in the current City of Yarra Heritage Overlay, as indicated in the plan below. The pink shading indicates the extent of HO327 and the black dotted line indicates the nominated place. The City Of Yarra are currently reviewing the Heritage Overlay for this area.


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RECOMMENDATION REASONS REASONS FOR NOT RECOMMENDING INCLUSION IN THE VICTORIAN HERITAGE REGISTER [s.34A(2)] Following is the Executive Director's assessment of the place against the tests set out in The Victorian Heritage Register Criteria and Thresholds Guidelines (2014).

CRITERION A Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION A

The place/object has a CLEAR ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life in Victoria’s cultural history.

Plus

The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history.

Plus

The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory was established at 28-30 Queens Parade in 1929 by Kenneth George Luke as an electroplating factory which produced silverware, stainless steel surgical equipment, plated goods and glass-washing machines. The factory also produced insignia, buttons and medals for ANZAC and US Forces during World War II, medals for the Melbourne Olympics and medallions for various sporting clubs and associations. The K G Luke Factory has an association with the manufacture of equipment and items for various events, organisations and the armed forces. This association is no longer evident in the physical fabric of the place but is evident in documentary resources. The process of manufacturing in general has made a strong contribution to Victoria and the products produced by K G Luke contributed to the medical, defence and sporting industries. Criterion A is likely to be satisfied. STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION A

The place/object allows the clear association with the event, phase etc. of historical importance to be UNDERSTOOD BETTER THAN MOST OTHER PLACES OR OBJECTS IN VICTORIA WITH SUBSTANTIALLY THE

SAME ASSOCIATION.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory is one of many surviving early twentieth century factories throughout Victoria, and there are more than ten similar places in the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR). More intact examples of factories include the Sanitarium Health Food Company and Signs Publishing Company, Warburton (VHR H0619), Ford Motor Company (VHR H2305) and the Burge Brothers Factory (VHR H1216). These factories did not all produce the same items, but all have an association with processes and manufacturing. The K G Luke Factory does not allow the association with manufacturing to be understood better than most other places or objects in Victoria with substantially the same association. Criterion A is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.


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CRITERION B Possession of uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of Victoria’s cultural history. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION B

The place/object has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, custom or way of life of importance in Victoria’s cultural history.

Plus

The association of the place/object to the event, phase, etc IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources or oral history.

Plus

The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, being one of a small number of places/objects remaining that demonstrates the important event, phase etc.

OR The place/object is RARE OR UNCOMMON, containing unusual features of note that were not widely

replicated OR

The existence of the class of place/object that demonstrates the important event, phase etc is ENDANGERED to the point of rarity due to threats and pressures on such places/objects.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory has an association with the manufacture of equipment and items for various associations, events and organisations. This association is no longer evident in the physical fabric of the place but is evident in documentary resources. There are many surviving early twentieth century factories throughout Victoria, and there are more than ten in the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR). These factories did not all produce the same items, but all have an association with processes and manufacturing. The K G Luke Factory is not rare or uncommon and does not contain unusual features of note that were not widely replicated. The place is not endangered to the point of rarity. Criterion B is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION C Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Victoria’s cultural history. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION C

The: • visible physical fabric; &/or • documentary evidence; &/or

• oral history, relating to the place/object indicates a likelihood that the place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE of

historical interest that is NOT CURRENTLY VISIBLE OR UNDERSTOOD.

Plus

From what we know of the place/object, the physical evidence is likely to be of an INTEGRITY and/or CONDITION that it COULD YIELD INFORMATION through detailed investigation.


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Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory has been well researched and documented. The visible physical fabric, documentary evidence or oral history relating to the place does not indicate a likelihood that the place contains physical evidence of historical interest that is not currently visible or understood. Criterion C is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION D Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places and objects. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION D

The place/object is one of a CLASS of places/objects that has a clear ASSOCIATION with an event, phase, period, process, function, movement, important person(s), custom or way of life in Victoria’s history.

Plus

The EVENT, PHASE, etc is of HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, having made a strong or influential contribution to Victoria.

Plus

The principal characteristics of the class are EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response The Former K G Luke Factory is one of the class of ‘factories’ which has an association with the process of manufacturing in Victoria. Some of the principal characteristics of the class are evident at the K G Luke Factory, such as a large footprint, saw tooth roof and dominent façade.

Criterion D is likely to be satisfied. STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION D

The place/object is a NOTABLE EXAMPLE of the class in Victoria (refer to Reference Tool D).

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory is a dominant place within the streetscape, but is not a notable example of the class of ‘factories’. The Art Deco influenced façade was constructed in a number of stages and does not present as a cohesive or considered design. Criterion D is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION E Importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION E

The PHYSICAL FABRIC of the place/object clearly exhibits particular aesthetic characteristics.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory exhibits aesthetic characteristics through its façade which references the Art Deco style, particularly in the parapet design. Criterion E is likely to be satisfied.


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STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION E

The aesthetic characteristics are APPRECIATED OR VALUED by the wider community or an appropriately-related discipline as evidenced, for example, by:

• critical recognition of the aesthetic characteristics of the place/object within a relevant art, design, architectural or related discipline as an outstanding example within Victoria; or

• wide public acknowledgement of exceptional merit in Victoria in medium such as songs, poetry, literature, painting, sculpture, publications, print media etc.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory has not received critical recognition for its aesthetic characteristics within a relevant art, design, architectural or related discipline as an outstanding example within Victoria, or wide public acknowledgement of exceptional merit in Victoria in medium such as songs, poetry, literature, painting, sculpture, publications, print media etc. Criterion E is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.

CRITERION F Importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION F

The place/object contains PHYSICAL EVIDENCE that clearly demonstrates creative or technical ACHIEVEMENT for the time in which it was created.

Plus

The physical evidence demonstrates a HIGH DEGREE OF INTEGRITY.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory is constructed using materials and methods common for the time in which it was created. It does not contain physical evidence that clearly demonstrates creative or technical achievements. Criterion F is not likely to be satisfied.

CRITERION G Strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. This includes the significance of a place to indigenous people as part of their continuing and developing cultural traditions. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION G

Evidence exists of a DIRECT ASSOCIATION between the place/object and a PARTICULAR COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP.

(For the purpose of these guidelines, ‘COMMUNITY or CULTURAL GROUP’ is defined as a sizable group of persons who share a common and long-standing interest or identity).

Plus

The ASSOCIATION between the place/object and the community or cultural group is STRONG OR SPECIAL, as evidenced by the regular or long-term use of/engagement with the place/object or the enduring

ceremonial, ritual, commemorative, spiritual or celebratory use of the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory does not have a direct association with a particular community or cultural group. Criterion G is not likely to be satisfied.


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CRITERION H Special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in Victoria’s history. STEP 1: A BASIC TEST FOR SATISFYING CRITERION H

The place/object has a DIRECT ASSOCIATION with a person or group of persons who have made a strong or influential CONTRIBUTION to the course of Victoria’s history.

Plus

The ASSOCIATION of the place/object to the person(s) IS EVIDENT in the physical fabric of the place/object and/or in documentary resources and/or oral history.

Plus

The ASSOCIATION:

• directly relates to ACHIEVEMENTS of the person(s) at, or relating to, the place/object; or

• relates to an enduring and/or close INTERACTION between the person(s) and the place/object.

Executive Director’s Response The K G Luke Factory has a direct association with its founder, Kenneth George Luke (later Sir Kenneth Luke). He established the business in 1921 and built it from a small manufacturing business to a publically registered company which employed 650 staff and produced silverware, stainless steel surgical equipment, plated goods, glass-washing machines, medallions for the Melbourne Olympics and insignia and buttons for the Australian and US Forces. The association between K G Luke the company, and its founder Kenneth George Luke is evident in the physical fabric of the place, which is indicative of the growth and expansion of the company. Criterion H is likely to be satisfied. STEP 2: A BASIC TEST FOR DETERMINING STATE LEVEL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CRITERION H

The place/object allows the clear association with the person or group of persons to be READILY APPRECIATED BETTER THAN MOST OTHER PLACES OR OBJECTS IN VICTORIA.

Executive Director’s Response The association between K G Luke the company, and its founder Kenneth George Luke is now more readily appreciated through the objects which the company produced than through the factory itself. These included silverware, medals and insignia. Many of these items still survive and are readily available. Kenneth George Luke is arguably better remembered for his association with the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was strongly involved with the VFL and was its President from 1956 – 1971 when he consolidated central administration and professionalised the game for players. His VFL legacy is VFL Park (now known as Waverley Park, VHR H1883) which he envisaged as an alternative to the Melbourne Cricket Ground for football finals. Criterion H is not likely to be satisfied at the State level.


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ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR’S ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE [s.34A(2)(d)] The K G Luke Factory is locally significant as an example of a large factory building in the Art Deco style and is partially included in the City of Yarra Planning Scheme HO327.

RELEVANT INFORMATION Local Government Authority City of Yarra Heritage Overlay Yes (HO327 – North Fitzroy Precinct) Heritage Overlay Controls External Paint: No

Internal Alteration: No Tree: No

Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register No Other Listings No Other Names Gumley Smash Repairs

Middendorp Electrics

HISTORY Industry in Fitzroy In the latter half of the nineteenth century, Fitzroy and Collingwood were the two leading manufacturing suburbs in Melbourne, with the earliest manufacturers producing food, drink, household goods and building materials. By the 1880s, small engineering works and foundries were being established, and the number of boot and shoes factories increased in the 1890s. In 1930, most factories were concentrated along Queens Parade, Nicholson Street and St Georges Road and were producing cordial and aerated waters, hats and clothing, furniture and brushes and brooms. There were also knitting mills, and small engineering works. The K G Luke Factory The company of K G Luke was established by Kenneth George Luke who left school in 1910 at the age of 14 to work as an apprentice engraver in a silver factory. In 1921, he became a partner in a small metal-spinning and silverware business at Carlton, and later became the sole owner. By 1929, Luke had purchased a brick building at 28-30 Queen's Parade, adjacent to Tait and Baird’s sheet metal factory at 26 Queens Parade. Production increased during World War II and the K G Luke Factory produced buttons and insignia for Australian and US Forces. In 1936-37, Luke purchased 26 Queens Parade and vacant land at 42 Queens Parade. By 1937, a new brick factory incorporating parts of the original building at No. 28-30 had been constructed. An addition to the north east was completed later in the same year and the factory was extended to the property at 26 Queens Parade in 1938. The extensions and new buildings were individually constructed, but by 1938 they had been made to appear as a single building through the construction of the existing facade. It incorporated elements of the earlier buildings which resulted in an asymmetrical appearance, with the skyline parapet described as ‘irregular’, in Decoration and Glass in 1938. A new reception area, offices and showrooms were completed at the same time, finished in Queensland walnut veneer, with bent glass screens in metal frames, and rubber and terrazzo floors. In 1965, substantial additions were made to the eastern end of the factory which are not included in the nomination. It is not known when K G Luke vacated the factory, but by the early 1990s the premises were occupied by Gumley Smash Repairs and the façade was painted grey with blue detailing. The premises were later occupied by Middendorp Electrics who painted the façade in its company colours (and the existing


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scheme) of pink and blue. The pink originated with the use of a delivery van painted in pink auto primer in the 1940s, to the existing bright pink which is now registered as Middy’s Pink with major paint companies.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS Architects: Meldrum and Partners (1965 extension) Architectural style name: Art Deco Builder name: Designed and built by K G Luke (c.1938 extensions) Construction started date: 1929 Construction ended date: 1965

PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The K G Luke Factory is a large warehouse complex with a two storeyed façade designed in the Art Deco style. The façade is constructed of cement and bricks, which are painted bright pink with dark blue detailing. The façade is divided into irregular bays separated by pilasters. The parapet features brickwork detailing of varying shapes and sizes which rise and fall to produce an irregular silhouette. The parapet at the western end forms a similar pattern, but with no brick detailing. All brickwork is painted and/or rendered, but differently patterned bricks indicate the different building phases. Most of the steel framed windows remain, but some have been replaced with aluminium frames. Window and door openings on the ground floor have been altered, although the main entrance door with small portico survives. Air conditioning units have been attached to the façade. Behind the façade are what were three separate warehouse buildings and the rooflines of these are evident across the rear elevation. Internally, large sections of walls have been removed to form open spaces with lightweight office partitioning and suspended ceilings. Remnant brick walls (now painted) survive in some areas. The first floor has also been substantially altered, with stairwells relocated and lightweight office partitioning and suspended ceilings installed. Exposed roof trusses survive in the central section, and elements of the 1938 reception and showroom area, including walls with a curved corner, cornice and the stairwell opening survive at the eastern end adjoining the 1965 addition.

INTEGRITY/INTACTNESS Intactness – The intactness of the place is fair. The K G Luke Factory has been substantially altered. Window and door openings have been filled in or enlarged and the façade which is constructed of brickwork with cement rendered details has been rendered in places, and painted. Interior walls have been removed to form large open spaces with remnant brick walls (now painted). Stairwells have been relocated. (August 2017). Integrity – The integrity of the K G Luke Factory is fair. The cultural heritage values of the place are difficult to read in the extant fabric. The pink and blue paint conceals the original decorative intent of the brick and cement render and the alterations to window and door openings compromise the understanding of the building’s former use. Internally, the building is made up of large open spaces with suspended ceilings and lightweight office partitioning. External signage identifying the building as the premises of K G Luke has been removed. (August 2017).

CONDITION The façade of the K G Luke Factory is in fair condition. The brickwork has been rendered and painted, but appears intact beneath the paintwork. The interior is also in fair condition. (April 2017).


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COMPARISONS Sanitarium Health Food Company and Signs Publishing Company, Warburton (VHR H0619)

The Sanitarium Health Food Company Signs and Publishing Company is of historical and architectural significance at a State level. The buildings and their rural setting reflects the health and fitness philosophy of the Seventh Day Adventist Church and provide insight into the historical importance of the church's missionary work and its role in the development of the Australian health food industry. The buildings are important early examples of modern architecture in Victoria influenced by contemporary European models. They were built for the Seventh Day Adventist Church in 1936 and the two buildings form an integrated industrial complex despite performing largely different functions. The architect was Edward F Billson an important figure in the development of early modern architecture in Victoria. In 1914 he was Melbourne University's first architecture graduate and was Walter Burley Griffin's only articled student. The design draws heavily on the personal style of Dutch architect W M Dudok which had in turn developed through the influence of the De Stijl movement and the work of Walter Gropius. There are obviously parallels between the three storey east end of the Sanitarium Health Food Company building and the Fagus Works designed by Gropius in 1911. The Sanitarium Health Food Co. building was distinguished in 1940 when it won that year's Royal Victorian Institute of Architects Street Architecture Award, the first awarded to a building outside the metropolitan area.

Sanitarium Health Food Company and Signs Publishing Company, Warburton (VHR H0619)


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Ford Motor Company (VHR H2305) The Ford Motor Company Complex is of historical and technological significance at a State level as the first large factory complex in the State designed specifically to accommodate mass production using assembly line methods. It is of architectural significance as a relatively intact example of a large-scale industrial complex of the interwar period, and for its innovative design and the way in which it was influenced by international developments in the planning and architecture of large-scale manufacturing plants during the interwar period. The Ford Motor Company Complex is of aesthetic significance as a competent example of the interwar Stripped Classical style of building. It is of social significance to the community of Geelong for the central role Ford has played in the development of Victoria's second major city over some 50 years. The Ford Motor Company Complex in Norlane, Geelong, consists of two steel-framed factory buildings with attached offices behind. After the Commonwealth Government banned the importation of car bodies during World War I, Ford fitted imported chassis with bodies made in small plants until the Ford Motor Company of Canada, which ran Ford's operations throughout the British Commonwealth, established Australian headquarters in Geelong. From 1918, Ford's architect Albert Kahn designed a new type of plant building to suit the assembly line. This widely applied solution was used by Ford Canada for its 1923 Toronto plant, which in turn provided the model for the Geelong buildings. The buildings were constructed in stages between 1925 and 1942 with Stripped Classical style facades and the engineers were Fyvie and Stewart in association with architect W.J. Grassick. From 1934, both buildings were extended eastwards in the same configuration. Ford developed military vehicles at Geelong for the Defence Department from 1936, and commenced large-scale production of military vehicles and armaments in 1939. In 1959, assembly operations were moved to a major new plant at Campbellfield, and the Australian headquarters moved there in 1961.

Ford Motor Company (VHR H2305)


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Burge Brothers Factory (VHR H1216) The Former Burge Bros Factory, Flemington is of scientific and architectural importance at a State level. It is technologically (scientifically) important as an early and probably the oldest known surviving example of glue-laminated timber arch construction in Australia. It is architecturally important for the way in which the laminated arches, together with the Symonds patent purlin system and the subsidiary ties, form an aesthetic and strikingly efficient use of materials. The façade is of architectural interest as an excellent example of Moderne style in dichromatic brickwork with the curved form reflecting the arched roof behind in an unusual manifestation of this generally rectilinear style reminiscent of the work of Dutch modernist Willem Dudok. The factory is important for its association with the pioneering firm of Ralph Symonds, which was the first manufacturer of glue-laminated timber structural members in Australia. The Former Burge Bros Factory was constructed in 1945-46 to a design conceived in 1943 by C T Gilbertson, personal friend of manufacturer Dick Burge and building estimator with R & E Seccul, master builders. The curved roof of the large factory space is supported on glue-laminated arches spanning 30 metres, which were manufactured by Ralph Symonds in Sydney. The arches, which are 600mm deep by 100mm wide in section, are made up of 29 laminated sections of coachwood, and together with the Symonds patent purlin system and subsidiary ties, form a large column-free factory area.

Burge Brothers Factory (VHR H1216)


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SUMMARY OF COMPARISONS The three comparative buildings were constructed at a similar period to the K G Luke Factory, but unlike the K G Luke Factory, which developed as separate buildings constructed over a number of years, all were designed as singular structures. They are all significant for their innovative and considered designs, and as notable examples of the Art Deco style of architecture and its derivatives. All three places, and the Ford Motor Company and Sanitarium Health Food Company and Signs Publishing Company in particular are still considerably intact and able to be read as places where manufacturing and processing took place. These three places better demonstrate factories built during the interwar/postwar period than the K G Luke Factory.

KEY REFERENCES USED TO PREPARE ASSESSMENT Grow, Robin (2009) Melbourne Art Deco, Ripe off the Press, Melbourne Lovell Chen (2017) Heritage Impact Statement for the Proposed Redevelopment of the Former K G Luke Factory Complex Southern Capital’s Latest Commercial Structure (1938) Decoration and Glass, Vol. 3, No. 12, p. 28 Vines, G & Churchward, M (1992) Northern Suburbs Factory Study


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ADDITIONAL IMAGES

2017, Photo-montage of façade

2017, Entrance door with portico 2017, Detail of façade

The exterior of the building was first known to have been painted in the early 1990s when it was occupied by Gumley Smash Repairs. It was painted in the existing colour scheme when it was occupied by Middendorp Electric. Pink is their company colour, originated in the 1940s and now their established company colour.

Examples of existing Middy’s premises, which are all painted in Middy’s Pink


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2017, Aerial view showing the site and the various roof forms behind the façade. The subject site is outlined in red.

1992, The building when occupied by Gumley Smash Repairs.

Source: Vines, G & Churchward, M (1992) Northern Suburbs Factory Study


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1965, Plans of additions to the building.

Source: PROV in Lovell Chen Heritage Impact Statement

1937; Extensions to the east of early buildings on the site Source: PROV in Lovell Chen Heritage Impact Statement


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c.1937; showing conversion of original building on the site into a two storey building Source: PROV in Lovell Chen Heritage Impact Statement


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1938, The completed façade in 1938, showing its unpainted brick and cement finishes (top).

The reception area on the first floor (bottom) Source: Decoration and Glass, Vol. 3, No. 12, p. 28


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Products manufactured by K G Luke


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Chronology of building phases:

1929, Pre-existing single storey building on the site when purchased by K G Luke.

c.1937, Redevelopment of the existing building

into a larger two storey building. The red circle indicates the existing portico,

also evident on the drawing below.

c. 1938, Addition to the eastern end of building.The green arrow indicates the 1938 entrance, also evident on the

drawing below.

1938, Facade as indicated on the drawings for the 1965 extension (part of which is visible at the right of the drawing).

The new parapet conceals the double peak (refer to drawing above left) and the straight roofline (refer to drawing above right).

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