recent trends in civil engineering & technology (vol4, issue2)
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May-August 2014
(RTCET)
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
ISSN: 2321-6476
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Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology
(ISSN: 2321–6476)
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology
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Puneet Pandeya
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Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
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External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr. Nilanchal Patel Professor Department of Remote Sensing
Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (A Deemed University),
Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Prof. (Dr.) Shamsher Bahadur SinghCivil Engineering Department Vidya Vihar
Campus Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Vasant Matsagar Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Delhi, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor Department of Civil
Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Professor Ashvani Kumar Gosain Department of Civil Engineering Indian
Insitute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. Rajiv Gupta Birla Institute of Technology and Science,
Pilani, India.
Professor Jyant KumarProfessor, Civil Engineering Department,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Professor D Nagesh KumarProfessor Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India.
Dr. Pranab Kumar MohapatraUniversity of South Carolina Columbia
SC, USA, United States.
Prof S. MohanIndian Institute of Technology, Madras
Chennai, India.
Editorial Board
Dr. S. P. Agrawal Chief Scientist & Adviser Central
Building Research Institute ROORKEE, India.
Sekhar Kumar Chakrabarti Professor Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India.
Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Das Sr. Associate Professor, National Institute of
Construction Management and Research (NICMAR) Goa Campus Ponda, Goa, India.
Dr. P V SivapulliahDepartment of Civil Engineering Indian
Institute of Science Bangalore - 560 012, India.
Dr. P. C. ThapliyalPrincipal Scientist, The Central Building
Research Institute, Roorkee, India.
Dr. Nagendra RoyNational Institute of Technology Rourkela,
India.
Dr. Sukhdeo KaradeCSIR-Central Building Research Institute,
Roorkee and AcSIR, India
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Recent Trends
in Civil Engineering & Technology (RTCET). The intension of RTCET is to create an atmosphere
that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Civil Engineering & Technology.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RTCET provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Civil Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Civil Engineering & Technology.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for Flyover Foundations K. M. Bipul Shahriar, Shuchita Shahnaz 1
2. Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper Waste and Cement Gobinath R., Saranyadevi D., Jeevanantham E., Dinesh J., Karthick S., Karthickeyan S. 7
3. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected to Monotonic LoadingShivaji T. Bidgar, Partha Bhattacharya 12
4. Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample Sizes Using Triaxial TestsS. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi 22
5. Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a MediaAshi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S., Gobinath R., Shobana K. S. 30
ContentsRecent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology
RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for
Flyover Foundations
K. M. Bipul Shahriar*, Shuchita Shahnaz ACE Consultants Ltd., DOHS Baridhara, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh
Abstract Bangladesh is a densely populated country in the world. So, for the movement of this
large population needs a good transport system. Every day people are moving hundreds
of kilometers for their personal and official works and using different road transport system. Reality is the roads are very narrow. The present situation says people are
making traffic jams though not intentionally. People have to work or stay at home, though
it is not possible to stay at home without work. There is no space on the road for road widening. This is the best solution to make flyovers at different locations where huge
traffic congestion is observed. Transport plays an important role in the development of a country. Flyover means a bridge-like part of a road by the upper level of a crossing of
two highways at different levels. This report shows three flyover foundation design based
on underground soil strata at Kona Bari, Chandra and Sohagpur. These flyovers are situated from Joydevpur to Elanga route on the highway.
Keywords: Bangladesh, Konabari, Chandra, Sohagpur, Flyover, Joydevpur
RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper
Waste and Cement
Gobinath R, Saranyadevi D*, Jeevanantham E, Dinesh J, Karthick S, Karthickeyan S
Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Paper bricks are key construction materials for buildings in general and for low cost housing in particular. To keep up with sustainable development movements and
increasing competitive pressure in the industry, building materials of the future have to
be of lighter weight, more energy efficient and lower cost. The use of recycled materials is also critical for long-term sustainability. The objective of this study is to develop
lightweight paper brick from waste paper with minimum cost. Different mixtures of waste
paper were used as raw materials. The paper was hydrated and spun to obtain paper-pulp slurry after mixing with cement, and cast to shape. Compressive strength and water
absorption were found. The results showed that experimental bricks had higher compressive strength and water absorption when compared to those of existing masonry
blocks. Quick cost estimation indicated that bricks could be made at a lower cost than
those available in the market. It is concluded that paper bricks from waste paper possess attractive properties and good strength. Sustainability and cost issues are also addressed.
The result shows the combination of paper waste and cement provides better results for
producing economical new bricks.
Keywords: Lightweight paper bricks, waste paper, cement, compressive strength,
water absorption
RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced
Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected
to Monotonic Loading
Shivaji T. Bidgar*, Partha Bhattacharya
Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
Abstract A numerical analysis of exterior beam-column joint subjected to constant axial load on
the column top and monotonic load applied at the beam tip is presented in this work. A strain-based nonlinear finite element program is developed in MATLAB R2009a. The
nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structural member is carried out considering it as a two-phase system. The concrete in nonlinear range is considered as orthotropic
material having different stress-strain relationship in tension and compression. The
reinforcement is modeled as a linear elastic – perfectly plastic material. An incremental iterative procedure is adopted with secant stiffness approach for the present nonlinear
finite element analysis. The present model is capable of retrieving the load at the
initiation of the first crack, the load at the failure and type of failure of beam-column sub-assemblage. The numerical model is also able to locate the position and depth of cracks
occurred in the joint assembly under the assumed boundary condition and applied loading. The results of numerical analysis are compared with experimental values and
they are in good agreements.
Keywords: Exterior beam column joint, reinforced concrete, monotonic load,
nonlinear analysis, secant stiffness, plastic hinge, finite element formulation
RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample
Sizes Using Triaxial Tests
S. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi*
College of Engineering Pune, Wellesley Road, Shivajinager, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract A total of 54 isotropically consolidated un-drained triaxial compression tests on various
sample sizes were conducted to study the effect of sample size on liquefaction behavior of
clean sand. Specimens were prepared using moist placement and dry deposition methods with different initial relative densities and tested for different confining pressures. It was
observed that as the sample size increases, deviator stress also increases. Peak value of
deviator stress increased as the confining pressure and relative density increased for all sample sizes for moist placement method. After reaching peak, deviator stress remained
constant for large percentage of axial strain for smaller sample size, while larger-size sample offered maximum resistance to liquefaction. However, for dry deposition method
opposite trend was observed especially for smaller sample sizes. Unstable zone already
established by authors has been studied for all sample sizes with these two sample preparation methods. The ratio of excess pore pressure to mean effective stress at the
maximum pore pressure point has been defined. The threshold value of this ratio has been found to indicate the transition from contractive to dilative behavior.
Keywords: Clean sand, triaxial compression, sample size, liquefaction, unstable
zone, un-drained testing
RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch
Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a Media
Ashi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S.*, Gobinath R., Shobana K. S.
Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,
Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract Dairy industry wastewater is being a challenge to the environment. The effluent from the diary industries contain high amount of sulphate, sulphide, ammonia, chloride, nitrate,
oil and grease, etc. To treat dairy waste water many methods were developed by
researchers in the last few decades. Modified sequencing batch reactors (MSBRs) process used for different type of wastewater such as municipal wastewater, landfill leachate,
dairy wastewater slaughter house, etc. Main operating parameters and MSBR technique
are cycle time, aeration time, volume of reactor, hydraulic detention time (HRT) and other parameters. In present study the treatment efficiency of the reactor is determined by
considering the removal of certain parameters like COD, BOD, nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, sulphide, chloride, oil and grease, etc. The active working of MSBR, in this
study, was done by introducing high density poly ethylene (HDPE) as medium and also
by varying the aeration time.
Keywords: modified sequential batch reactor, dairy waste water, COD, BOD, nitrate,
oil and grease, aeration time, HDPE media