recent fmd outbreaks and control strategy in mongolia · recent fmd outbreaks and control strategy...
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Recent FMD outbreaks and
control strategy in Mongolia
GANZORIG Khuukhenbaatar, DVM
Director, State Central Veterinary Laboratory,
Government Implementation Agency for Veterinary and
Animal Breeding,
2011.12.01 Tokyo, Japan
•Mongolia divided into 3 types of administrative districts ;
•21 aimag,
•356 soum,
•1600 bag.
•An Aimag is a self-dependant administrative and territorial division of Mongolia
Topography and border line of Mongolia
NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK, THOUSANDS
Table 2. Development of the livestock population from 2000-2010 (in ‘000 heads)
Year Camel Horse Cattle* Sheep Goats Total
2000 315.5 2609.4 3028.3 13206.0 10077.5 29236.7
2001 285.2 2190.8 2069.6 11928.1 9584.6 26058.3
2002 253.0 1988.9 1884.3 10636.6 9134.6 23897.4
2003 256.7 1968.9 1792.8 10756.4 10652.9 25427.7
2004 256.6 2005.3 1841.6 11686.4 12238.0 28027.9
2005 254.2 2029.1 1963.6 12884.5 13267.4 30398.8
2006 253.5 2114.8 2167.9 14815.1 15451.7 34802.9
2007 260.6 2239.5 2425.8 16990.1 18347.8 40263.8
2008 266.4 2186.9 2503.4 18362.3 19969.4 43288.5
2009 277.1 2221.3 2599.3 19274.7 19651.5 44023.9
2010 269.6 2176.0 1920.3 14480.4 13883.2 32929.5 Source: Mongolian Statistical Yearbook-2001-2010, National Statistical Office of Mongolia
*Percentage of yaks in the cattle population is on average 15-20%.
→ CHINA (all available kinds of animal products),
→ RUSSIA (frozen meat and livestock products for IU)
→ KOREA (preserved meat products and antlers)
→ JAPAN (cashmere and horse meat)
→ GERMANY (sheep casings, cashmere )
→ ITALY and HOLLAND (sheep casings and cashmere)
→ TURKEY (sheep casings and livestock products)
→ JORDAN and SA(sheep casings and live sheep)
→ UK, USA and MEXICO(cashmere) and etc.;
EXPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
IMPORT OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
← CHINA, RUSSIA, KOREA & JAPAN (marine products, pork, chicken
and high productive animals
FUTURE MARKETS
» EU
» SOUTH EAST ASIA
» MIDDLE EAST
MAIN PROBLEMS IN TRADE
• DISEASE SITUATION (FMD, SHEEP AND GOAT
POX BRUSELLOSIS AND etc.)
• RESIDUE TESTING IN FOOD RPODUCTS
TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASE STATUS
Disease Last case Status
FMD April, 2010 infected
Rinderpest Dec. 1991 Infection free May
2005
CBPP 1973 Under surveillance
Sheep pox Jan. 2007 infected
Goat pox Oct 2008 infected
Avian Influenza 2005, 2006, 2009,
2010, 2011
Cases in wild bird,
but not in domestic
OFFICIALLY RECORDED OUTBREAKS OF FMD IN MONGOLIA
Nu
mb
er o
f p
rov
ince
s
1937-1947 1964-1974 2000 – 2010
22 18 10 5 2
Artificial infection
vaccination
Primary and secondary outbreaks of FMD during 2000-2006 and 2010
FMD situation in Mongolia and neighbouring countries in Asia ( January – December 2010 and January - April 2011).
Outbreaks of FMD in 2010
4/30 21:25
5/01 04:50
5/01 05:00
5/01 11:00
5/01 10:30
5/01 19:30
Sample
+
+
NaDr
qRT-PCR FMDV DETECTION
Isolation of RNA
RT-PCR FMDV DETECTION
04/30 21:05
05/01 20:00
5/01 20:20
REPORTING TEST RESULT TO VETSERVICE
OIE
TIME FRAME FOR FMD LAB/DIAGNOSIS AND NOTIFICATION TO CVO, OIE AND ReLa
23 hours
+
RT-PCR FMDV SEROTYPE
INFORM TO CVO INFORM TO CVO INFORM TO CVO
4/30 21:25
5/01 04:50
Serum separation
5/01 16:30
“О”+
Cell culture BHK 21
LPB ELISA for FMDV AG 5/01 21:25
+
5/01 05:00
5/01 11:00
+ NSP ELISA 3AB&3ABC zeer+/-
BSL III
REF/LAB (APR-MAY/2010 CASE)
05/04
Timing and number of FMD outbreaks from 2000-2010.
Source: VABA, NEMA
Number of culled livestock for FMD during outbreaks in 2000–2010
Years
Pro
vin
ce
Sou
m
Her
din
g h
ou
seh
old
Total number of susceptible livestock in
outbreak zone
Number of culled livestock
Expenses for compensation
(thousand MNT)
2000 1 2 91 22,948 916 48,456.0
2001 6 16 496 760,915 1,201 96,720.0
2002 2 3 166 20,704 485 36,804.0
2004 3 8 374 90,804 2,317 254,325.0
2005 1 1 37 15,779 235 17,700.0
2006 1 1 1 24 24 774.0
2010 6 24 1,078 465,285 25,933 2,494,500.0
399,700
Sum 20 55 2,243 1,376,459 31,111 2,894,200,0
Source: VABA, NEMA
Year Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Total
2000 54 552 152 158 0 916
2001 4 1159 16 20 2 1201
2002 0 435 46 4 0 485
2003 0 0 0 0 0 0
2004 0 2072 157 88 0 2317
2005 0 186 28 21 0 235
2006 0 4 20 0 0 24
2010 10 6730 13495 5698 0 25933
Sum 68 11138 13914 5989 2 31092
Number of culled livestock, by species (2000-2010)
Source: VABA, NEMA
Percentage nucleotide di fference
012 10 8 416 6 218 1420
Institute for Animal Health,
Vladimir, Russia
2002-10-29
2004-02-18
Nucleotide (VP1 gene) difference of Mongolian FMD isolates
01
02
00
04
Confirmation test at
international reference
laboratories
FGI-ARRIAH, Russia
2010-06-05
Pirbright,
WRL, UK
2010-11-03
SEA topotype Mya-98 lineage
Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997
WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP
Sokolov and Lushchekina, 1997
WHITE TAILED GAZELLE RANGE MAP
FMD IN GAZELLE
Black tailed gazelle-
Procarpa gutturosa
gutturosa/subgutturos
a, (in 2000 approx.
150.000)
White tailed gazelle-
Procapra gutturosa
(approx. 2 million in
1997, estimates
in 2003 >1.5 million)
Procapra gutturosa (Pallas, 1777)
During the FMD and other severe infection, infected herd
migrate faster, changing normal direction, leaving sick one
FMDV RNA detection by rapid test
Results: FMD detected from gazelle saliva from Matad soum of Dornod province.
SVANOVA DIP FMDV-Ag TEST
Sp 99.5%,
Sn 83.7%
Provinces Soums Local name Clinical signs Real time
PCR result
NSP ELISA
results Sex Age
Sample
collection
date Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative M 3 2010.11.13
Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no negative negative F 3 2010.11.13
Dundgovi Tsagaandelger Sumiin oir no positive negative M 1 2010.11.14
Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M 5 2010.11.15
Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no negative negative M 4 2010.11.17
Tuv Bayantsagaan Onkh no positive negative M 3 2010.11.17
Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M 3 2010.11.18
Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative M 5 2010.11.18
Tuv Bayantsagaan Dov no positive negative F 2 2010.11.18
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive F 3 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F 3 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no positive positive F 4 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative negative F 2 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur no negative positive M 2 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive negative M 3 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Ulaan undur yes positive positive F 4 2010.11.21
Khentii Darkhan Bor undur no positive F 2 2010.11.21
Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F 3 2010.11.22
Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive F 4 2010.11.22
Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M 2 2010.11.22
Dornogovi Ikhhet no positive positive M 2 2010.11.22
Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg no positive сөрөг F 2 2010.11.23
Dornogovi Altanshiree Har teeg yes positive сөрөг F 1 2010.11.23
Sukhbaatar Tumuntsogt no positive сөрөг F 3 2010.11.26
FMD infection surveillance in Gazelles, November 2010
UKG/10/2001 (AJ311722) O/JPN/2000 (AB050978)
O/Mongolia/2000 O/Mongolia/2001
O/CHA/2/99 (AJ318831) O/Russia/2000
O/Mongolia/2002 O/Russia/2004
O/Tajikistan/2003 O/Tajikistan/2001 O/Tajikistan/2002
O/AFG/201/2004 (EF457985) O/ISR/7/2007 (FJ561315)
O/JOR/6/2006 (FJ561317) O/Kazakhstan/1/2007
O/PAK/10/2006 (EF494503) O1/Manisa/Turkey/69 (AJ251477)
O/HLJOC12/CHA/03 (DQ119643) O/Mongolia/2004
O/MYA/2/2000 (DQ164927) O/LAO/2/2001 (EU667445)
O/MYA/7/2002 (DQ164928) O/VN/SL192/2009 (HM055508) O/VN/QN133/2009 (GU582121) O/Mongolia/CO3/2010 O/Mongolia/C05/2010 TAW/81/97 AJ296321
O/Russia/1995 O/HKN/12/91 (AJ294921)
O/PHI/5/95 (DQ164946) O/Corrientes/Arg/06 (DQ834727) O1/BFS (J02185)
0.02
Cathay
EURO-SA
ME-SA
SEA
ARRIAH FMD Laboratory, Russia
Phylogenetic tree of FMDV
Confirmation of Diagnosis
FMD outbreaks have:
• usually been extensions of livestock-
associated Asian pandemics (e.g.
2000/1/2; 2005; 2010)
• these pandemic viruses did not persist
therefore,
• FMD is not endemic to Mongolia
(accepted internationally!)
but Mongolia has a high-risk area -
eastern Steppe
Immunization of susceptible species in 2000-2010 (1,000 head)
Year P
rovin
ce
Soum
Camel Cattle Sheep Goat Pig Young
animals Total
2000 1 11 32.4 75.9 430.8 375.3 0.0 0.0 914.3
2001 11 102 95.2 1377.1 5812.4 2801.1 16.2 170.3 10272.2
2002 13 104 158.9 1446.2 7459.0 5022.4 23.7 155.5 14265.7
2003 10 85 143.5 814.9 4226.0 3896.9 4.1 1024.7 10110.1
2004 9 75 54.1 340.0 2627.4 1436.0 0.1 0.0 4457.6
2005 10 61 99.9 295.3 1839.1 2133.0 0.0 0.0 4367.2
2006 6 64 108.4 433.9 1472.8 943.1 24.6 0.0 2982.8
2007 6 65 140.5 426.1 1577.1 1211.3 8.2 0.0 3363.2
2008 8 72 104.6 454.5 2152.6 2310.0 0.0 0.0 5021.7
2009 4 49 93.3 299.3 584.8 583.3 0.0 0.0 1560.7
2010 7 71 28.1 506.3 3,583.6 2,601.4 1.6 0.0 6,720.9
Total 85 759 1,058.8 6,469.4 31,765.3 23,313.8 78.53 1,350.53 64,036.4
FAO TCP/MON 3304
-Further impact of FMD on livestock, wildlife and
human health is prevented
- Awareness about FMD issues is raised among
stakeholders from different disciplines and
backgrounds (farmers, rural dwellers, Agriculture and
Natural Resource Ministries, NGO’s, etc.)
- Role of wildlife (Mongolian gazelle) in the FDM
outbreak situation determined
- Transition from stage 0 to Stage 1 of the FMD PCP
approach in Mongolia supported
- Epidemiology/ecology of FMD in Mongolia
understood
914.3
10272.3
14265.7
10110.2
4457.6 4367.2
2960.6 3363.2
5021.6
1900.8
6720.9
0.0
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Number of vaccinated animals in 2000-2010 (1,000 head)
2001 emergency and strategic vaccination map
2002 and 2003 vaccination map
2004 and 2005 vaccination map
2006 and 2007 vaccination map
2008 and 2009 vaccination map
2010 and 2011 vaccination map
ZONE DISEASE FREE WITHOUT VACCINETION
Cabinet meeting on 24 August 2011 has adopted the regulation of FMD free
zone establishment
FMD free zone, without vaccination
• 95 soum of 7 aimag .
• Over 300 private vet units
• 95 government vet and breeding units
Location of slaughter plants and major movement
pattern of slaughter animals
Number of livestock in FMD free zone, without vaccination
Veterinary units and veterinarians in FMD free zone (June, 2011)
Diagnostic capacity of FMD in provincial and central level
•Ongoing activities:
• FMD contingency plan Done
• Regulation to determine zones of FMD distribution,
organizations of veterinary activities and control
activities of animal movement. Done
• Regulation on animal identification and
establishment of Central animal identification and
information database Done
• Government Vet and breeding units has established
• In 329 Soums
• Vehicles, IT equipments and Internet, epidemiology and GIS
• Mobile laboratory
• Improvement of sanitary and quarantine
capacity
• Mobile disinfection units
• Sprayers
• Foggers
• Fixed disinfection units
• Supply with mobile corrals and disinfection units
Sampling frame for serological surveillance in FMD free
zone in 2010
Sampling frame for serological surveillance in
FMD free zone in 2011
sample size was set at 155 herds and 60
samples per herd.
28 October 2011
On site risk assessment with Russian FMD experts and inspection officers
Thank you for your attention