Really Zero Waste

11th March 2009Institute of Materials and Mining, London

Peter Jones, OBE

ecolateraljones@btinternet.com

Energy from Waste & Biomass

Total UK Raw Resource Usage and Disposal per Annum (excludes water)

570

mill

ion

tonn

es

(was

tage

- U

K)

600

mill

ion

tonn

es

(raw

res

ourc

es -

UK

)60

0 m

illio

n to

nne

s(r

aw r

esou

rces

- U

K)

Other 16%Other 16%

Minerals and Rock

50%

Minerals and Rock

50%

Fossil Fuels 34%

Fossil Fuels 34%

Public Sector GoodsNot Measured

Public Sector GoodsNot Measured

IndustrialGoods

Not Measured

IndustrialGoods

Not Measured

Power Transport& Heat34%

Power Transport& Heat34%

Packaging 3%Packaging 3%

Consumer Goods10%

Consumer Goods10%

‘Lasting’ Products 1%‘Lasting’ Products 1%

Dredgings 4%Dredgings 4%

Air Emissions 34%Air Emissions 34%

Mining Waste 20%Mining Waste 20%

Landfill 15%Landfill 15%

Agricultural Waste 16%Agricultural Waste 16%

Sewage 5%Sewage 5%

Recycling 5%Recycling 5%

70 million tonnes re-use - UK70 million tonnes re-use - UK

Ove

rsea

s im

pact

s60

0 m

illio

n to

nne

sO

vers

eas

impa

cts

600

mill

ion

tonn

es

Ove

rsea

s im

pact

s60

0 m

illio

n to

nne

s

Matter can neither be created nor destroyedInputs Use UK

Disposal1200 million tonnes 1200 million tonnes

600 million tonnes

The Three Musketeers of Policy Implementation

ECONOMICS TECHNOLOGY ATTITUDE

The Carbon Competitors

Landfiller Energy Boy Composter Recycler

Long term - Handicaps- PlanningConsents- Taxes- Better odds elsewhere

- Traded Permits- Renewable targets- Import dependency on rivals- Rising logistics costs- High value prizes- Improving technology

- EU targets- Energy trends- High value prizes- Traded Permits- Producer reuse

Form

Early Faller

Expensive Thoroughbred Regular Winner

Stayer Good ValueAll Rounder

- Low value prizes- Staying power- Plenty of local runners- Cheap setup- Soils directive- Low distribution costs

Timing the Landfill Transition 2007

1997 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Tonnes to Landfill(millions)

£ GateFee

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Operator Fee per tonneGate Fee per tonne

Tonnage Inputs

?

Biffa Enclosed Digester - Etwall

Bedfordia Biogen Plant, Milton Ernest

Source: BIOGEN

Biffa-Leicester MHW Treatment

New cascade ball mill-Bursom

Willesden: A Typical Shredder

Licensed, paved and full drainageRail sidings and loading equipment

Weighbridges, offices and communicationsExperienced management and data handling

350,000 tpa vehicles and white goods & other light iron

Source: EMR

Source: Teg Environmental

MBT in Action: Waste is Shredded at Ecodeco’s Montanaso Plant in Italy

Central BottlingOverview of tank system where digestion occurs

Gasification Plant – Isle of Wight

Waste2Tricity

Marchwood EFW 165,000 tpa

Source: Veolia

The Lights Go Out???

Source: DTI

Meeting the Energy Challenge

0

200

100

Each wedge = 17 TWh

5000 x 500kW CHP units

+18% fuel economy for all cars

4 x 800 MW nuclear reactors

2500 x 500kW biomass CHP

5000 x 2MW wind turbines

200 million X 1m2 PV panels

1 Severn Barrage

10% transport biofuels

TWhr

2006 2020

The Hierarchy of Policy

Material Flow Mapping• National Level

– Carbon footprinting methodology– Legal frameworks for special purpose

• Regional Level– Co-located mapping of fossil energy sinks– Planning spatial strategy– Co-funding shares in SPVs

• Resources Sector– Risk takers on fuel feedstock– Risk takers on energy off take– Risk takers on energy demand– Risk takers on technology

1 tonne bale of waste floc

The Resources Hierarchy

• Compost/fertiliser soil fuels

• Recycling into new materials

• Anaerobic digestion

• Gasification/steam turbine

• Gasification/internal combustion

• Gasification/hydrogen/fuel cells

Value by Financial and Fossil Carbon Tradeoffs

The Regional Government Role

Identify fossil energy sinks, which are– Long term stayers

– On good logistics infrastructure

– Away from housing

– Adjacent to land owned by the RDA

– On contaminated sites

– Near feedstock sources

– On secondary power grid networks

Establish planning based impact criteriaEstablish local community benefit/planning gainIdentify possible SPV structures for ESCOs

What Comprises Good Target Fossil Sinks?

Food chain RDCs/freezer centres/food preparation/retail complexes

Diversified industrial estatesHospitalsPrisonsBus and truck complexesDocksAirportsData centresLinear energy distribution pipes and wiresConfectionary factoriesSewage plantsRoad fuel distribution depotsIndustrial gases operations

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