reactive power control in wind farms by using the capability of wind generators: real experience and...

Reactive power control in Wind Farms by using the capability of wind generators: real experience and results

Milan, May 9th, 2007

Emilio Fernández-AntónTechnical Services

Iberdrola Renewables Energies

IBERDROLA RENEWABLES ENERGIES 2May 9th, 2007

2007-2009: IBERDROLA’s renewable capacity will reach over 7.000MW as established by the Strategic Plan.

3.994 4.6405.554

440586

1.447

2006 2007E 2009E

4.4345.226

7.001

International Capacity

National Capacity

• These figures imply an average annual growth of over 850 MW

• International capacity will reach a significant importance with over 20% of total capacity

• New technologies will add power: TermoSolar, PV, Wave Energy and Bio-mass


Iberdrola is applying its own professional production management model to wind energy

Maximize economic performance of every wind farm

during the extension of its lifetime

Starting point

Production Management Model

Main goal Iberdrola’s 100 years

utility culture Wide O&M expertise:

Hydroelectric Gas combine cycles Nuclear Renewables Fuel oil Coal Cogeneration

• Iberdrola doesn’t develop a wind farm to sell it

• Iberdrola develops to create value

Systems and procedures

Strategy

Organization & functions

“Dominate technology and key management

factors”


Wind in the Grid. Iberdrola’s position

• Large scale integration on the grid may be one of most important barriers for the development of wind energy. Will we reach the EU on wind energy generation if we do not find the way of solving these problems?

• Iberdrola has got a valuable experience in the Spanish case: wind energy must be quite alike conventional plants. Additionally, the grid must be able to feed in as much as wind energy be possible.

• Iberdrola, as one of the main player of the world market, is using its position in the wind sector to…

– propose technical improvements to manufacturers, pushing the market to give solutions to these new requirements

– define and install new solutions for wind energy management, showing they are useful and feasible

– cooperate with the OS and the sector to achieve realistic solutions


Reactive Power Requirements. The Spanish case.

During the last two years, these requirements had to be fulfilled in Spain:

Bonus (%)

Power Factor High Load Medium Load Low Load

Lagging

<0,95 -4 -4 8

<0,96 & ≥ 0,95 -3 0 6

<0,97 & ≥ 0,96 -2 0 4

<0,98 & ≥ 0,97 -1 0 2

<1 & ≥ 0,98 0 2 0

1 0 4 0

Leading

<1 & ≥ 0,98 0 2 0

<0,98 & ≥ 0,97 2 0 -1

<0,97 & ≥ 0,96 4 0 -2

<0,96 & ≥ 0,95 6 0 -3

<0,95 8 -4 -4


Iberdrola’s Results (I)

• Each Iberdrola’s turbine regulates reactive power.

• Each Iberdrola’s wind farm regulates reactive power in the connection point.

• Additionally, Iberdrola’s wind farms follow special requirements from the System Operator (REE) when the grid needs it.

• Results have been achieved exclusively based on the wind turbine regulation capability, no capacitors or similar solutions at the substation have been used.


Iberdrola’s Results (II). Fulfilling regulation

[PE] BORDECOREX NORTE

From: 01/01/2007 To: 31/01/2007

Date Time P(kWh) Q2(kWh) Q3(kWh)Cos Phi

Lag/Lead Period Bonus

Total 4878250 881010 547150 1 6,12%

01/01/2007 0:15 2030 1090 0 0,88 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 0:30 2480 1080 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 0:45 2310 1070 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 1:00 2240 1020 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 1:15 2550 1110 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 1:30 2560 1130 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 1:45 2540 1120 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 2:00 3000 1310 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 2:15 3810 1640 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 2:30 4320 1890 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 2:45 3050 1320 0 0,92 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 3:00 4080 1570 0 0,93 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 3:15 4910 1920 0 0,93 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 3:30 4320 1940 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 3:45 3710 1730 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%

01/01/2007 4:00 2970 1370 0 0,91 IND Valle 8,00%


Iberdrola’s Results (III). Fulfilling TSO requirements

• During the day 15/02/2007, (01:32 a.m.), REE asked for a reduction of the consumed reactive power in Pedregal Wind Farm, due to the low voltage level.

• Thanks to its centralized Renewable Energies Control Centre (CORE), Iberdrola reduced the reactive power absorbed by the Wind Farm, going to fdp=1.

• Consequently, the voltage level grew, reaching stable levels.


Iberdrola’s Results (IV). Fulfilling TSO requirements. Active Power.


Iberdrola’s Results (V). Fulfilling TSO requirements.Reactive Power.


Iberdrola’s Results (VI). Fulfilling TSO requirements. Voltage Level.


Conclusions

• Iberdrola’s wind farms are able to regulate reactive power and voltage level, cooperating with TSOs in order to assure the grid stability.

• The obtained results shows that wind farms can cooperate with the grid stability in a similar way that conventional power plants do.

reactive power control in wind farms by using the capability of wind generators: real experience and...

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