An Assessment of Remote Sensing Applications in Hydrologic Engineering September 1974 Approved for Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. RD-4

US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to the Department of Defense, Executive Services and Communications Directorate (0704-0188). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ORGANIZATION. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) September 1974

2. REPORT TYPE Research Document

3. DATES COVERED (From - To)

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Assessment of Remote Sensing Applications in Hydrologic Engineering

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S) Robert H. Burgy & V. Ralph Algazi Burgy and Associates Davis, CA 95616 5F. WORK UNIT NUMBER

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616-4687

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER RD-4

10. SPONSOR/ MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 11. SPONSOR/ MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)

12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES . 14. ABSTRACT The current status of techniques, limitations, and applications of remote sensing to hydrologic problems of rainfall estimation, snow cover monitoring, water quality monitoring, and hydrologic modeling and runoff computation was reviewed. Tabulated data for twenty-nine remote sensors indicated for each sensor the resolution range, spectral interval, spacecraft or aircraft that sensor has or could be flow on, and the major hydrologic parameters that could be measured on infrared. The thirteen hydrologic parameters listed were: surface temperature, cloud cover, atmospheric liquid water content, snow cover, water equivalent of snow pack, vegetation, land use, soil moisture, short wave radiation in radiation budget, long wave radiation in radiation budget, water bodies configuration, soil types, and basin area. Each sensor was capable of measuring from one to none of theses parameters. The capability of remote sensing to gather regional scale synoptic information offers the potential of greatly enhancing watershed modeling. 15. SUBJECT TERMS reviews, remote sensing, hydrologic data, instrumentation, exploration, measurement, surveys, hydrologic aspects, hydrology, water resources, watersheds (basins), radiation, meteorology, water quality 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT U

b. ABSTRACT U

c. THIS PAGE U

17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU

18. NUMBER OF PAGES 64 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER

An Assessment of Remote Sensing Applications in Hydrologic Engineering

September 1974 US Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources Hydrologic Engineering Center 609 Second Street Davis, CA 95616 (530) 756-1104 (530) 756-8250 FAX www.hec.usace.army.mil RD-4

Front CoverForewordTable of ContentsSection I - IntroductionSection II - The Approach and Sensors of Remote SensingOptical-Mechanical ScannerPhotographyT.V. SensorsMicrowave RadiometryRadar

Section III - The Techniques and Problems of Remote SensingIntroductionDigitization of ImagesGeometric Manipulation and Geometric Correction of ImagesChange of ScaleScene RegistrationsLocation Correction

Information ExtractionImage EnhancementAutomatic Classification

Data Processing and Information Flow in Remote Sensing

Section IV - Applications of Remote Sensing to Water ResourcesRainfall EstimationAreal Statistics ApproachBrightness TechniquesInfrared Technique

Snow Cover MonitoringWater Quality MonitoringHydrologic Modeling and Runoff Computation

Section V - Identification of Future Remote Sensing Research in Hydrologic EngineeringBasin Modeling and Streamflow ForecastingUrban Runoff Studies

ReferencesSources of Information on Remote Sensing Applications