rashmi comp generations

8/9/2019 Rashmi Comp Generations

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#COMPUTER GENERATIONS#

Presented by:

Rashmi Ranjan Malla

PGDM-RM(09-11)


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#INTRODUCTION#

#Generation of computers provide a framework

for the growth of the computer industry.

#We can observe major development oftechnologies during the generations.

#Up to now there are 5 generation of

computers.


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FIRST GENERATION(1942-1955)

#They were the fastest calculating device of

their time.

#They were too bulky in size, requiring largerooms for installation.

#They were made of vacuum tubes.

#Due to presence of number of vacuum tubes

they emitted large amount of heat so the

rooms in which they were being kept were

properly air conditioned.


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Vacuum tubes

ENIAC


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#The power consumption of these computerswere very high due to the presence of more

than ten thousand vacuum tubes(half watt ofpower for each vacuum tube).

#Use of filaments in the vacuum tubes madethese computers prone to hardware failure.

#Thousands of components had to beassembled manually so commercial

production of these computers was verydifficult and costly.

#EXAMPLES:ENIAC,EDVAC,EDSAC.


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SECOND GENERATION(1955-1964)

#In place of vacuum tubes transistors wereused.

#They were much easier to handle than thetubes as they were made of germanium

semiconductor material.

#Operation was very much faster than the

tubes.#They were smaller and less expensive.

#They consumed less power and emitted lessheat.


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TRANSISTOR

HONEYWELL-300


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#Memory of these computers was composed ofmagnetic cores. Magnetic tapes and magneticdisks were the main secondary storage of thesecomputers.

#High level machine languages like

FO

RT

RAN

,COBO

L were developed during thisgeneration so these computers were easier toprogram.

#They were more reliable and less prone tohardware failures.

Example:Honeywell-400,IBM-7030,CDC-1604.


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THIRD GENERATION(1964-1975)

#They were much more powerful than thesecond generation computers performingabout 1 million instructions per second.

#They were much smaller than secondgeneration computers.

#They were made of integrated circuits which

consisted of transistors ,resistors andcapacitors grown on a single silicon chip.

#They consumed less power and dissipated lessheat than second generation computers.


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INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

PDP-8


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#They were more reliable and less prone to

hardware failures.#They had faster and larger primary and secondary

storage as compared to second generationcomputers.

#C

ommercial production of these systems wascheaper and easier.

#Standardization of high level programminglanguage allowed programs written for onecomputer to be easily ported to and executed on

another computer.Example:IBM 360\370,PDP-8,PDP-11


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FOURTH GENERATION(1975-1989)

#In these computers all the electroniccomponents were integrated on a single chipcalled Micro processor .

#Micro processor contained all the circuitsneeded to perform arithmetic logic andcontrol functions.

#

Magnetic core memories were replaced bysemiconductor memories resulting in largerandom access memories and fast accesstime.


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MICROPROCESSOR


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#Local area network(LAN),Wide area network(WAN)were used for data transferring.

#These computers were smaller and cheaper than themainframes or minicomputers of the thirdgeneration.

#They consumed less power and dissipated less heatso no air-conditioning was required.

#They had faster and larger primary and secondarystorage as compared to third generation computers.

#Graphical User Interface(GUI) enable new users toquickly learn how to use computers.

#Example: IBM Pc,Apple ii,TRS 80


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FIFTH GENERATION(PRESENT)

#These are computers having very powerfulmicroprocessor and increased size ofmemory.

#During this generation optical disks emergedas a popular portable mass storage device.

#These are much more smaller than the pc of

the fourth generation.#They are very powerful but consume less

power than the computers of fourthgeneration


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IBM NOTEBOOK


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#They are more reliable and less prone tohardware failures than their predecessors.

#They have faster and larger primary andsecondary storage.

#Use of standard high level language allowsprogram written for one computer to be easilyported to and executed on another computer.

#Newer and more powerful applications likemultimedia make the systems useful in every

occupation.#Example: IBM notebooks, Pentium pc, PARAM

10000


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JOBEXECUTION

SLIDE PREPARED BY: RashmiRanjanMalla

DATACOLLECTED BY: RashmiRanjan Malla


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rashmi comp generations

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