Rainer Friedrich, Sandra Torras Ortiz, Ganlin Huang

Institute for Energy Economics and the rational Use of Energy – University Stuttgart, Germany

Jouni T. Tuomisto, Marjo Niittynen

National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland

City Partners

WP 2 Energy

● Work Package Energy

i. Energy balance

ii. Energy scenarios for future years

● Results

i. Traffic interventions

ii. Biomass (Pellets) use in domestic heating

● Lessons learned

Outline

Energy balance

Main goal:

To analyse specific urban GHG policies regarding their expected influence on health by emission reduction, changes in energy demand and supply

International energy market

Fuel oil

Coal

Electricity

Heat

Energy carrier supply

Final Energy Demand

Gas

biomass

Refineries

Biomass conversion

Biomass production

Power Plants and electricity distribution

Combined Heat and Power Plants (CHP) & District heating plants

Gas distribution

Energy services

Energy balance

Energy balanceat a City level

Stuttgart

Basel

Energy balanceat a City level

Energy scenarios for future years

Regional Coverage Pan-European TIMES Model

The model illustrates the whole energy system of the different member states of the EU-27 plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland

Energy scenarios for the years 2020-2025

8

Germany

Switzerland

Stuttgart –Traffic interventions

Traffic interventions analysed:

●Introduction of a congestion charge in the City of Stuttgart: The amount of 0.10 € is raised per kilometer driven by passenger car

●Extension of parking management: expansion of parking management in the districts surrounding the city center of Stuttgart.

●Improved public transport: light rail frequency in the off-peak times is increased

●Improved cycling network

●Combined scenario

What are the expected human health impacts related to traffic interventions compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario for the

year 2025?

Stuttgart –Traffic interventions

Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use in BAU 2025

compared to Baseline 2010

Stuttgart –Traffic interventions

Reduction on Traffic Emissions and fuel use for each intervention

compared to BAU 2025

Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios I

● Business as Usual (BAU) Scenario: pellet boilers are installed throughout the entire city of Stuttgart with growth rates similar to historical growth rates (2001-2008).

● Ban on Burning Scenario (BB): pellet boilers are not installed within the Stuttgart city

center, but only in the outer districts.

● Substantial Growth Scenario (SG): pellet boilers are installed throughout the entire city

of Stuttgart with growth rates as expected by the DEPV (German Wood and Pellets

Fuel Association) which estimates 1 million units by 2020 in Germany.

What are the expected human health impacts related to the increasing use of wood pellets in Stuttgart?

Ban on burning Substantial growth

Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios II

Number of pellet boilers in Stuttgart (2025)

Stuttgart - Pellet boilers scenarios III

CO2 emissions change due to replacement of traditional energy (Stuttgart mix) with

biomass. Total CO2 associated to the household sector ca. 450 Thousand tons.

Average filter technology was assumed, newer filter technology could decrease particulate

matter substantially (around 40-70% lower emissions)

DALYS: Disability Adjusted Life Years

Greenhouse Gas Balances

Greenhouse gas emissions produced in the preparation of raw material for pellets made of industrial wood residues and forest wood residues (Source: BioEnergieDat, 2012)

CO

2 eq

/MJ

Lessons learned

Energy substitution in domestic heating

●Pellet boilers contribute to reduce CO2 emissions by replacing fossil energy sources at a global scale. However, at a local scale, higher particulate matter emissions could be associated to additional local human health impacts.

●Significant differences in wood pellets concerning their up- and down stream CO2 emissions.

Traffic

●Interventions in the traffic sector account for small reductions at a local scale. In the specific case of Stuttgart, the emission reductions may not justify the large effort needed to implement the interventions.

Human health assessment to be completed within the next months