RAIN WATER HARVESTING

RAIN WATER HARVESTINGAbhimanyu dasPharande Rohit SandipMaulik GoyalSamir ShekharNirav DoshiVivek Pankaj

ContentIntroductionObjectives & MethodologyGeneral Background of the StudyPossible Implementation TechniquesCost Benefit AnalysisConclusions

IntroductionRainwater harvesting is undertaken mainly to capture the run off from the seasonal rains and store it for use in times of need. The rainwater which is not harvested and stored, mostly runs off the land surface and gets wasted without proper use. While in the urban areas rainwater harvesting is practiced for drinking, domestic, gardening, and ground water recharge purposes, in rural areas it is undertaken more extensively for irrigation, dryland agriculture, horticulture, ground water recharge, domestic, livestock, inland fisheries, duck rearing and for multifarious other similar purposes. Although water is renewable, it is a finite commodity, which justifies the need for rainwater harvesting.Advantages of Rainwater HarvestingSafe source of drinking water and naturally free from bacteria and harmful chemicals Installation cost is comparatively low The operation and maintenance procedure of Rainwater Harvesting is very simple. Even locally trained villager can easily operate & maintain the system It offers convenience in reducing time and energy for collection of water for drinking and cooking Rainwater Harvesting can be constructed with locally available construction materials and local mason can built itThe system is independent and therefore suitable for scattered settlements

DisadvantagesThe initial cost may prevent a family from adopting Rainwater Harvesting techniquesMineral free rainwater has a flat taste, which may not be liked by manyIt may also cause nutrient deficiencies of trace minerals among usersSince the distribution of rainfall is not equal throughout the year, large capacity tank is needed to store requisite amount of water to serve during dry periodUnavailability of suitable catchment of adequate capacity for harvesting rainwaterDue to lack of proper maintenance bacterial contamination may occur

Objectives & Methodology

ObjectivesTo study about the living conditions of the village population encompassing their social and economic status.To know about their awareness and knowledge regarding the technologies used, particularly pertaining to rainwater harvestingTo suggest any new technology which can be effectively used in the village focussing on domestic use of waterMethodologyGeneral Background of the Study

Economic overview of the populationAnnual Rainfall DistributionPossible Implementation TechniquesFor the economically poor populationImprovised underground water tankAdvantages: Easy construction: Constructed by digging a patch of land and lining it with tarpaulinHighly cost effective: Digging can be done by the family members, only cost involved is for tarpaulinEfficient: Surface run off or roof discharge can be easily channelized through an improvised filter into the tankWith proper sealing, water can be stored for a long timeStored water remains cool

Possible problems/disadvantages:Stored water over time, may develop a smellIn absence of any pumping system, a deep tank makes retrieval of water from the tank difficult when water level descends on useA shallow tank with large breadth and height may lead to easy evaporation of the stored water, in absence of a sealed cover

For the economically sound population Plastic/concrete tanks built over ground fed by rooftop rainwater dischargeModification in the roof for rainwater collection/ channellingPlastic/concrete underground tank charged by rainwater, pumped by an external motor pump

Cost Benefit Analysis

Conclusions