railway track tracer

www.engineeringminiprojects.com

RAILWAY TRACK TRACER

www.engineeringminiprojects.comINTRODUCTION

In history of railways , almost 90% of the accidents happens

because of two reasons:

Train comes away from track

Track discontinuity

TRAIN COMES AWAY FROM TRACK:

It means that track is not all

problems but train moves out of track. This happens because

Of lack of concentration of the people who works with track. For

example when the nuts and bolts get loosed these sorts of problems will

occur, where property loss will happen to both public and railways but

not that much as the second case.

TRACK DISCONTINUITY:

This happens because of terrorism attack, natural

disaster. There will be damage to track which causes severe damage to

both public and railways which in many cases have led to several deaths.

By keeping such issues in mind, we have come up with an

idea to detect the track discontinuity very sooner before the

train reaches the accident zone.


OBJECTIVE:

Our project “railway track tracer” automatically traces the

track discontinuity several kilometers ahead and alarms near by station

and the

Train about the track discontinuity.

ABSTRACT:

In our project, we use series of sensors which

senses the continuity of the track by sensing the

vibration in the track.

When a train passes its vibration in track it travels

with very great velocity than the train velocity so

that it can be detected several kilometers ahead

before the train.


METHODOLOGY:

Overview:

In our project we use a series of sensors which detect the vibrations from

the track. The output of the sensors are fed to the switching and

rectifying circuit which processes the sensed signal ready to feed for the

microcontroller. The processed signals are first fed to the opto couplers,

output of which is fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller

decides from the received signal about the track discontinuity, and when

a discontinuity is found in the track.


Block 1: Series of Sensors

We place the sensors at regular intervals in the track which senses the

vibrations in the track when a train arrives. When a train moves with

greater velocity the vibrations are experienced in the track for few

kilometers ahead. The sensors capture these vibrations and pass them for

processing.

www.engineeringminiprojects.comBlock 2: Switching and the Rectifying circuit

Every single sensor output is fed to a switching and rectifying circuit to

determine the strength of vibration from the sensor and to process it to

be suitable for the next level. Every switching circuit and the sensor pair

is considered as a set (S1, S2, S3 and so on). Every set is connected to

the microcontroller with suitable processing.

Block 3: Couplers

The couplers are the bridge between microcontroller and the switching

circuit which prevents the microcontroller getting damaged from the

high voltages.

Block 4: Microcontrollers

We use series of the microcontrollers to decide the defect area and the

defect in the track.

Every slave microcontrollers (M1, M2, M3 and so on) are connected

directly to the output of the few sets (S1, S2, S3) and the masters are

connected to many slave microcontrollers. The slave micro controller

decides the defect from processed signal. And the master controller

detects the exact location of the defect area.

www.engineeringminiprojects.comBlock 5: Alarm signal

When a defect is detected the master signal is generated from the master

controller which is connected to a necessary alarm device to warn the

control room of the railways or the near by station or the train itself.

railway track tracer

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