Radical Reconstruction

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Focus Activity

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The Civil War, 1861-1865

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Reconstruction Era

Photograph of ruins in Richmond, Virginia, taken in 1865

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Lincoln Assassination 1865

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Andrew Johnson

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Radical Republicans

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Major Questions After the Civil War

• How should the South be rebuilt?

• How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union?

• How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women?

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Affects of Civil War

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Reconstructing a Nation

Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865

• After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together?

• Could they unify as citizens of the same country?

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Punishment for the Confederate States?

Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from 1861

• What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States?

• Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be punished?

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African Americans in the South

Photograph of an enslaved family in South Carolina taken in 1862

• How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states?

• How would Northerners address the issue of including former slaves as citizens in society?

• What were some major challenges that former slaves faced?

Central Historical Question

Why was the Radical Republican plan for

Reconstruction considered “radical”?

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Lincoln’s 10% Plan

• December 1863

• Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan

• Pardon most Confederates

• Swear allegiance to Union

• Form new gov. and reps. in Congress after 10% took oath

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10% Plan Opponents

• AR, LA, TN, and VA moved toward readmission

• Plan angered Radical Republicans

• Wade-Davis Bill

• Lincoln’s “pocket veto”

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Johnson’s Reconstruction

• May 1865, Presidential Reconstruction

• AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TX could be readmitted if…– Withdraw secession– Swear allegiance to Union– Pay annual war debts– Ratify 13th Amendment

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Johnson’s Opposition

• Dec 1865 Congress convened

• Rejected new Southern legislators (congressmen)

• Freedmen’s Bureau- assisted former slaves/poor whites– Food, clothing, hospitals, schools,

industrial institutes, and teacher training

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Black Codes

• Civil Rights Act of 1866

• Citizenship for African-Americans

• Prohibited discriminatory laws (Black Codes)

• Johnson vetoed Acts

• Led to Congressional Reconstruction

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Congressional Reconstruction

• June 1866

• Moderate and Radical Republicans join forces

• 14th Amendment – Civil Rights Act

• Ratified in 1868

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Reconstruction Act 1867

• Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Did not recognize state gov. formed under Lincoln and Johnson’s plans

• Military districts with Union general leaders

• Citizens voted for delegates to draft new state constitutions

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Johnson Impeached

• Impeach- formally charge president for misconduct while in office; to remove from office

• Tenure of Office Act 1867

• 11 charges brought against Johnson

• “Not guilty” 35-19 vote

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Grant For President

• Election of 1868

• Grant (R) vs Seymour (D)

• Grant wins!

• 15th Amendment – voting right for African-Americans

• Passed in 1870