radiation effects on humans radiation effects on humans by: vanessa madera & chandra worley by:...
TRANSCRIPT
Radiation Effects On Humans
Radiation Effects On Humans
By:Vanessa Madera
&Chandra Worley
By:Vanessa Madera
&Chandra Worley
Outline
• House Hold Appliances• Benefits/Dangers• R.E.M.s• Types of Radiation• Risks of Low-Level Radiation• Additional Cancer Deaths Per 10,000
Persons• References• Conclusion• Any Questions
House Hold Appliances
• Most common amps: 200-400
• Electricity supply: 110-120 volts
• Nominal Values: 127 volts
House Hold Appliances Cont…Homes have a three wire service
Two hot wires, one neutral wire
Circuit connected to one hot wire: 120 volts
If connected to two hot wires: 240 volts
Benefits/DangersBenefits/Dangers Cosmic radiation: 3x’s stronger @ an altitude of 3,048 m (10,000 ft) than at sea level by 20%
Cosmic radiation: 3x’s stronger @ an altitude of 3,048 m (10,000 ft) than at sea level by 20%
Benefits/Dangers Cont…Benefits/Dangers Cont…
90% of radiation exposure from man-made sources in U.S.: medical and dental x-rays
Other 10%: nuclear weapon testing, nuclear power productions, radios, luminous dial watches, and color T.V.s
90% of radiation exposure from man-made sources in U.S.: medical and dental x-rays
Other 10%: nuclear weapon testing, nuclear power productions, radios, luminous dial watches, and color T.V.s
R.E.M.sR.E.M.s
R.E.M.: radiation equivalent man, measure of biological effectiveness
In U.S. cosmic radiation doses: 38-75 millirems
R.E.M.: radiation equivalent man, measure of biological effectiveness
In U.S. cosmic radiation doses: 38-75 millirems
Average whole body doses from natural radiation: at least 0.1 rem per year
“Average…”: about seven rems per lifetime
Average whole body doses from natural radiation: at least 0.1 rem per year
“Average…”: about seven rems per lifetime
Types Of RadiationTypes Of Radiation
Two main types of radiation
Cosmic radiation: comes from outer space
Terrestrial radiation: comes from radioactive materials i.e. uranium & thorium from inside of the earth
Two main types of radiation
Cosmic radiation: comes from outer space
Terrestrial radiation: comes from radioactive materials i.e. uranium & thorium from inside of the earth
Risks of Low-Level radiation
Risks of Low-Level radiation
Cancersten times higher
childhood leukaemias substantial contradictionsCERRIE:
Committee ExaminingRadiation Risks of Internal Emitters
Low level radiation
Cancersten times higher
childhood leukaemias substantial contradictionsCERRIE:
Committee ExaminingRadiation Risks of Internal Emitters
Low level radiation
Additional cancer deaths per 10,000 personsSource: Cancer death per
10,000 persons cGy
BEIR (1972) 1.17-6.2
UNSCEAR (1977) 0.7-1.7
ICRP (1977) 1.25
BEIR (1980) 1.5-5
Charles et al. (1983)
1.0-4.4
Preston + Pearce (1987)
5.8-18
UNSCEAR (1988) 4.2-11
BEIR V (1990) 5.4-12.4
Nussbaum + Kohnlein (1990)
25
ConclusionsConclusions
• Two types of radiation• 90% of radiation comes from x-rays
• Radiation is measured in R.E.M.s
• Homes have a three wire system
• Two types of radiation• 90% of radiation comes from x-rays
• Radiation is measured in R.E.M.s
• Homes have a three wire system
THE END
ANY QUESTIONS
THE END
ANY QUESTIONS
References References
Dinah Moche, 1979, radiation:benfits/dangers, 83 pgs, Franklin watts, new york/london/toronto.
Physics matters electric current, ser., volume 7, scholastics, New York.
Physics matters electric charges, ser., volume 6, scholastics, New York.
Edwards, R., Risks from low-level radiation reassessed, http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Accessed June 5, 2006.
Kohnlein, W., Risks Estimates of Low-Level Radiation, http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html, Accessed June 5, 2006
Dinah Moche, 1979, radiation:benfits/dangers, 83 pgs, Franklin watts, new york/london/toronto.
Physics matters electric current, ser., volume 7, scholastics, New York.
Physics matters electric charges, ser., volume 6, scholastics, New York.
Edwards, R., Risks from low-level radiation reassessed, http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Accessed June 5, 2006.
Kohnlein, W., Risks Estimates of Low-Level Radiation, http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html, Accessed June 5, 2006