questionnaire development (1)
DESCRIPTION
how to make questionaireTRANSCRIPT
1) Careful selection of existing items (Churchil & Iacobucci, 2005; Chew,
2007; Sekaran, 2003).
2) 10 Experts’ Comments & Suggestions (Fink, 1995; Mitchell, 1996
both cited in Hamidfar, 2008)
7 researchers in telecommunication and marketing;
2 English and 1 Indonesian language experts
3) Test for questionnaire readability
4) Pilot study to test the
Reliability and Validity of the questionnaire1
Questionnaire Development
Sources of Questionnaire ItemsNo. Construct Sources
1 Performance Expectancy
Al-Qeisi, 2009; Carlsson et al, 2006; Dwivedi & Irani, 2009; Liao et al., 2007; Park et al., 2007; and Venkatesh et. al., 2003)
2 Effort Expectancy Al-Qeisi, 2009 and Venkatesh et al., 2003
3 Social Influence Carlsson et al , 2006; Fillion & Berthelot, 2007; and Venkatesh et al .2003
4 Facilitating Condition
Carlsson et al., 2006 and Wu et al., 2008
5 Affordability
of Services
Dwivedi et al, 2007 and Kuo & Yen, 2009
6 Affordability
of Devices
Dwivedi et al, 2007 and Kuo & Yen, 2009
7 Content Daud, 2008; Doll & Torkzadeh,1988; and Hoo et al., 2009
8 Behavioural Intention
Glassberg, 2000 and Hung et al., 2003
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10 Experts No Name Expertise
1 Dr. Gadang Ramantoko Telecommunication Researches of PT Telkom Indonesia
2 Dr. Yudi Pramudiana Marketing and Telecommunication Researches of Institut Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
3 Dr. Maia Ariyanti Marketing Researches of Institut Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
4 Dr. Ratna Djatnika Psycology & Behavior of customers of Padjadjaran University Indonesia
5 Dr. Zulganef Marketing Researches of Widyatama University Indonesia6 Emi Emilia, PhD English Education & translation of Indonesia University of
Education7 Nurhasanah, M. Ed. English Education & translation of Indonesia University of
Education8 Khaerudin Kurniawan, M.
Pd.Indonesian Language of Indonesia University of Education
9 Refi Rivaldi, MBA Marketing and Telecommunication Researches of Institut Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
10 Herry , MBA Telecommunication Researches of Institut Manajemen Telkom Indonesia
Readability of Questionnaire
The questionnaires were given to four people who were at different stages of education:
a third grade secondary school,
a second grade senior high school,
an undergraduate, and
a graduate students
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The large sample of the pilot study followed those of previous pilot studies: Pavlou and Fygenson (2006) with 214 respondents; Vo¨ lckner, Sattler, Thurau, and Ringle (2010) with 112 respondents; and Teo, Wei, and Benbasat (2003) with 105 respondents.
Number of respondents : 167Pilot test did in target research area during the September 2010
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Pilot Study
(1) provides information on possible ethical problems,
(2) helps determine if the research questions or hypotheses are appropriate,
(3) checks all aspects of the data collection method,
(4) provides guidance on modifying all the procedures prior to the real test, and
(5) checks the appropriateness of the statistical test(s).
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Why Pilot Study?
Reliability
How consistent the items of the questionnaire measure the particular construct intended to measure (Sekaran, 2003).
Cronbach Alfa and Composite Reliability ≥ 0.7 (Chin, 1998; Ghozali, 2008; Gotz et al., 2010 Hair et al., 2010; Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994; Urbach and Ahlemann, 2010; Vinzi, Trincherra, Amanto, 2010).
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ValidityHow well the items of the questionnaire measure the particular construct intended to measure (Sekaran, 2003).
1. Content Validity (careful selection of existing items & discussion with researchers) (Chew, 2007; Churchil & Iacobucci, 2005; Sekaran, 2003)
2. Construct Validity a. Convergent (the items measure the same thing, they converge on a single
cluster of items) . Factor loading ≥ 0.5 and AVE (average variance extracted) ≥ 0.5 (Ghozali, 2008; Hair et al.,2010)
b. Discriminant validity (when 2 constructs are predicted to be uncorrelated, the scores should be empirically found to be uncorrelated).The square root of the AVE of each construct needs to be much larger than any correlation between this construct and any construct.(Gepen & Straub, 2005; Ghozali, 2008; Hair et. al., 2010; Koh et al., 2010).
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Editor
Freya Martin [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Itu dua editor yang sy pake yg freya lebih murah yang jacqueline lebih mahal jauh.
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No longer rely on pricing strategies alone.
Change a low-cost services strategy and an intensive and ongoing tariff war among them since 2007 with offering services based on :
Content, Performance expectancy, Effort expectancy, Social influence, and Facilitating conditions.
Contribution to Business Practice
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This study was conducted in Java Island. The consumers’ perception of 3G MMS may be different as a result of their specific cultural, organizational, and/or personal attributes.
Only one product category was investigated in this research, namely 3G MMS, to determine behavioural intention of Indonesian consumers to use services based on communication technology
Limitation of this Study
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Relevant cultural characteristics could be investigated to provide a richer understanding of the behavioural intention of consumers across the country in order to ascertain whether or not there are any cross-cultural effects on the behavioural intention of prospective consumers.
The significance of content on the behavioural intention of prospective consumers to use other services based on communication technology, for example, fixed broadband Internet access is recommended.
Recommendations for Future Research