Quenya-English Dictionary

Taryn East

November 16, 2002

Part I

Introduction

2

The point

The intention of this dictionary was to list all attested words and wordsderived from attested sources in the one place.

I would like to point out that this is not a listing of what is exactlyattested (eg the past participle has been attested, but the plural past par-ticiple hasn’t etc etc). For that sort of detail, go to the Corpus Wordlist - if itisn’t in there, check Etymologies, otherwise, it’s probably a derived word.

Derived words are assumed to be completely regular in form, using”standard” (or well-accepted) 3rd-age Quenya grammar (there are numer-ous references about for this, I learned mine from Helge Fauskner’s excel-lent course in Quenya). At present, all derived words in this dictionarycome from parts of an attested compound word (eg lomea = ”gloomy”from: Lomeanor ”Gloomyland”).

In future, I hope to also incorporate words derived from the establishedrules of derivation from the primitive stem-words in the etymologies. Iplan to include those found in Boris Shapiro’s reconstructed words dictio-nary.

At present, most of these words came from two sources: the corpuswordlist, and Helge Fauskner’s Quenya course. Note: the words fromHelge’s course are not only the ”exercise wordlist” he provides at the endof his course, but also every word (given with a translation) presentedduring the course.

Once I’ve completed cleaning up/standardising this lot, I’ll be goingthrough the etymologies and adding all words found there that were miss-ing elsewhere. Then looking to all the words listed on the web that arederived in a standard, unequivocal way.

Above all I want to express that this dictionary will be for words thatare well- attested and accepted in the general Elvish community. Otherwords that are created or guessed in non-standard ways can go in someother dictionary - perhaps when I get to that stage I’ll create one for thatpurpose. For now, however, I have created this dictionary so that if I golooking for a word, I will be able to see all the words that are available

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4 THE POINT

before deciding that it doesn’t exist.So we come to the question: Why am I writing this dictionary when

the Quenya Lexicon (Parma Eldalaberon #12) already exists?a) It’s out of stock at presentb) It’s not freec) I don’t like the way it’s ordered by root-word - it presumes that you al-ready know what you’re looking for, which may not be the case - I’d likea dictionary that is set out like a dictionaryd) I’m using the act of gathering, cleaning up and inserting these words asa chance to learn them - which I’d recommend to anyone learning Quenyaas a way to build vocabulary fast - especially if you have to figure out thenuances of meaning between synonyms.

Word order

Each word is listed alphabetically. I have made little difference betweenthe short and long vowels ecept where it is the only differentiator betweentwo words, in which case the unaccented (or short) form comes before thelong form (eg tir comes before tır, but oma comes before oron).

A word may be repeated if it has multiple meanings, and sometimesan inflected-form may be listed separately to the standard version if themeaning differs enough.

Note: I have changed ”k” to ”c” in all occurances of the letter - if youlike Ks better, than feel free to use them in your own compositions, but Ilike the look of c and so that is what I have used throughout. This maymean that the attested form is different to the form I have included in thisdictionary - but I am fairly sure that most readers will be able to figure outwhat was meant and will be able to go to the section starting with ”C” tofind a word rather than the one starting with ”K”...

Note: WRT ”x” or ”cs” I actually haven’t settled on a decision regard-ing this. I started out using only ”x”, but then it became necessary to showthe etymology of a certain word using ”cs” so I have interspersed thesetwo. Obviously one is interchangeable with the other anyway, and nowords start with this sound, so choose as you will, and I will eventuallydecide. I’m leaning more to ”cs” than ”x” now as otherwise etymology istoo confusing - Ive already put in what I thought was a ”new” word onlyto discover it later under another area because ti was spelled with an x.

Also note, that some words are listed specifically as suffixes/prefixes,and thus may be listed with a ”-” before or after them - this is ignored forthe purpose of sorting, but may confuse some search queries.

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Definition specifics

The LATEX file lists each entry like this:

\qdef[stem-]{word,variant-word,...}{type of word}{definition, synonym,...}

{notes, attestation}{etymology}{see-also}{unusual conjugations}

The PDF file should then show it like this:word,variant-word [stem-]type of word. definition, synonym

notes, attestationetymology: etymologyunusual conjugations: unusual conjugationssee also: see-alsoObviously, not all definitions will have something ot go in every one of

these sections, but if they do, this is the information to be found in each ofthese places:

Stem

The stem is only listed where it differs from the actual, given word. Itis used when forming compound or different tenses etc. Mainly a wordhas a different stem if it was created from a primitive root that imperfectlytranslated into ”modern” Quenya. In this case, the ”true” form of the wordis not of a proper Quenya form when left by itself, but when a prefix/suffixis added, the original form may still be used. For example the word Talan= ”floor” has the stem [talam-]. A proper Quenya word cannot end in Mand thus the word becomes talan when it stands alone as ”a floor”, butchanges back to the original form when a suffix is added eg talami.

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WORD, VARIANT WORD 7

Word, Variant word

The main word is obviously listed first. Variant word-forms detail suchthings as: Elen also appears as -el and as el- as a shorthand for makinginto compound words.

Type of word

This is the grammatical type of the word eg verb, noun etc. See subsectionbelow for abbreviations used.

Definition, synonyms

This is the one-word (or very-short) definition of the Quenya word. Syn-onyms are listed too as this means that I can easily create the English-Quenya dictionary and have it fairly comprehensive. Please note thatsome of the ”synonyms” are there just to help with the quick index (whichmay or may not ever be done) thus there will be some really interestingthings like ”grammar-pluralisation-nouns-vowel-ending” which are obvi-ously there for categorisation rather than as an actual definition. I fully in-tend to remove these once I finally figure out how to generate the English-Elvish index. At which point we’ll be left with just the simple descriptionof what the word means.

Note that some defs will have a question mark after them - these aremy guesses as to synonyms that seem appropriate but haven’t actuallybeen suggested in any of the etymologies etc. In other words, feel freeto use them, but the word may have a slightly different inflection on themeaning so it may not be completely appropriate.

Notes, attestation

In this section are some notes that might further refine the definition andusually one example of an attestation for this word. I won’t usually list allof them as that will become cumbersome - I have decided that all that isneeded is at least one example of it being used somewhere - that is enoughto satify me - if you don’t like that, try finding further attestations in theCorpus Wordlist, or write your own damn dictionary ;). See subsectionbelow on abbreviations of the attestations. I’ve started getting into a habit

8 DEFINITION SPECIFICS

where I don’t use an attestation if the attestation is simply an Etymologiesentry... this seems straigh-forward to me - if it’s in etymologies, that willbe listed in the ”Etymology’ section (see below).

If there is something that I still don’t undertsand or something that I’veguessed I will have marked it with a note thus: Taryn - my comment goeshere → as I find answers to the problems posed in these, I’ll remove thenotes, but for now, these should be taken with a pinch of salt - they aremerely speculation on my part.

Etymology

This is mainly the ”fake” etymology of the word→ ie where Tolkien saysthe word comes from with primitive Elvish roots etc etc. It also mentionsthings like ”Adapted from Valarin” or wherever Tolkien chose the wordto have come from. It will also be where true-derived words have theirderivation attested (ie when I get round to adding Boris Shapiro’s stuffand similar.

The only other thing to mention is that I use the symbol Ξ to representthe back-spirant sound. This sound is *not* naturally occuring in Quenya,but it does appear in primitive Elvish and word-roots, and so will probablyoccur in the etymology section every so often.

See-also

This is just a list of words considered similar to or particularly relevant tothe word. This is mainly used in compound words, where each sub-wordis listed here. It is also used in words that obviously share a commonroot (eg cal- and calya-) and for words that have very similar meaning (egsil- vs cal-) - in both instances they are listed to allow the reader to seethe differences between the words, and thus choose the more appropriateword. Notes on what’s in the ”see also” section will often be in the Notessection - eg something like ”Another example of shine is sil- which refersspecifically to shining with silver light”...

Unusual inflexions

This section is used to list unusual inflected forms of the word (eg tenses,or pluralisations); it is only used if the inflected forms are irregular. I have

THE FORM OF A WORD 9

assumed that the reader has a basic understanding of Quenya grammar (ifnot, try Helge’s course or find another reference online - there are many)and can thus derive all the standard forms and tenses themself from thestem-forms of the words. I do plan on writing up a general spiel on thenormal inflexions for Quenya words (like the ones usually found in dic-tionaries) but won’t for a little while yet - not until I am exceedingly morefamiliar with the grammar myself...

The form of a word

The words listed are generally the base-form of that word, eg a verb islisted in the stem-form (eg tulta-). This is to allow greatest ease for con-structing compound or inflected versions of the words. To help with this Ihave included many of the ”inflection bits” as words in their own right eg-r, -t, -li and -i as the various pluralisation suffixes.

Note that occaisionally I will list a specific inflected form of a word asa seperate word - this is because I’m sure this dictionary will be used bypeople wondering what a word in an attested source means - so I haveincluded some or them for reference (eg atalantea. This is also the case forcompound words (mainly as I wanted to keep all the names in here).

English-Quenya Index

I’m currently in the process of adding index cross-references so that eachQuenya entry will have all its corresponding glosses in the English-QuenyaIndex. Obviously any guessed translations shouldn’t be taken literally, butcross-checked with the description given for the Quenya word, as therecan be many minor variants that have slightly different shades of mean-ing. eg if you look for ”white”, you will end up with fana, ninque, andsıla - all of which can mean white in different ways... not to mention vanya(and others) which can refer to something being ”pale”/”fair” etc.

At the moment - the limitations of my version of LATEX mean that theindex can only go on one page... this is annoying for me when the indexcertainly spans at least 10 pages so far... This is a problem I’m working on- but it may be a little while yet before I cn fix it.

Building the index

If you don’t have a copy of the pdf file and you want to create it from thetex, you’ll need my additional files if you want the index to be generated.

I’m not using a standard LATEX index as that only does page-numbers,wheras I want a cross-reference of word-word. Standard LATEX cross-referencesalso won’t do as they’re primarily built around the concept of a bibliogra-phy.

I’ve started work on a C-program to make one for me, as my makein-dex hack keep rejecting anything in the index that didn’t look like a num-ber (or was an invalid roman numeral). This C program isn’t written yet,but when it is, I’ll make the source available with the program. For themeantime, I’ll continue to use the makeindex hack - which does generate*some* index... just not everything.

If you’re reading the PDF and don’t have a clue what I’m talking about,don’t worry, you’re reading a version where it’s alreayd been done for you.

If you need a copy of these files, just send me an email (quenya.dict@taryneast.org)

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BUILDING THE INDEX 11

and I’ll send you a copy.

Where I’m up to

Actually done

This is where I’m up to with cleaning/adding words from the main sourcesCorpus Wordlist: I’ve basically cleaned up most of the stuff from the

original corpus wordlist. I’m still cleaning out some of the stuff I didn’tunderstand when my grammar was still very little, and I have a lot ofcomments, queries and speculation scattered throughout the text. Each ofmy unknowns is marked with a Taryn - whatever comment . I also knowthere’s a few spelling mistakes and the typesetting could do with a bitmore clean-up - this is my first big project with LATEX and I’m learning as Igo along!

Words taken from Helge’s course: In lessons, done up to: p104 lesson 8Words from Helge’s ”taste of Elvish” partially added (an error caused

me to lose part of this file and I had to reload from ”l” onwards from anolder source - so anything from l onward may not be in there... oh well -such are the vagaries of computers...)

Etymologies: NIndexing: just begun - look for the comment line in the tex version: an

index entry will look like this (please note, i have put a space between thecommand and its arguments so that these lines don’t end up in the indextoo).

\indexentry {English-word}{Quenya-word}

eg

\indexentry {abed}{caimass\"e}\indexentry {sick}{caimass\"e}\indexentry {ten}{cainen}\indexentry {shine}{cal-}\indexentry {give-forth light}{cal-}\indexentry {light}{cala}

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PLANS FOR FUTURE STUFF 13

Plans for future stuff

These are what I’d like to do once I’ve done that:Finish what I’m only partly through from above list - I seem to have

formed a habit of starting lots of things and not finishing them before start-ing again - but it keeps it interesting and fresh, at least...

Look through some of the online ”partial dictionaries” that are avail-able to check that I have everything (a bit iffy and I’ll only touch the onesthat have actual attestations)

Possibly add Bruce Shapiro’s stuffStart deriving my own words a-la Shapiro’s stuff - as long as i’m fairly

satisfied I know how to do it (which I’m not yet).I do plan on writing up a general spiel on the normal inflexions for

Quenya words (like the ones usually found in dictionaries) but won’t for alittle while yet - not until I am exceedingly more familiar with the grammarmyself...

Abbreviations

There are few abbreviations used in this dictionary. I have split those thatare up into the following sections.

Source attestations

These are the contractions used for the various sources for this Quenya.Note that I’ve compiled my stuff from a number of second-hand sourcestoo so the form of the attestation contractions can differ, but wil be somwhatalong the lines of the abbreviations given below:

CO Cırion’s Oath UT:305, 317EO Elendil’s Oath LotR3:VI ch. 5Etym Etymologies (often will contain the entry it’s under)FG Frodo’s Greeting LotR1:I ch. 3LotR Lord of the RingsLR Lost Road (anything but the Etymologies)Markirya Markirya poem MC:221-222.Nam Namarie LotR1:II ch. 8SA Silmarillion Appendix (often will contain the entry it’s under)Silm Silmarillion

Grammatical types

These abbreviations are used in the ”grammatical type of word” section ofthe definitions. They are all pretty standard grammatical types - some ofwhich I am as yet unfamiliar with. Listed below are the common contrac-tions that I am currently using. Later I will add to these.

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GRAMMATICAL TYPES 15

adj adjectiveadv adverbdim diminutive - the nickname of someone famous, this entry

will usually only reference their real namegram a grammatical object eg - the suffix that turns verbs into

adjectives.hypo hypochoristic, a pet-name or diminutiven nounphr phrase/compound word/namepron pronoun (eg ”I”, ”you”, ”his” etc)v verbv (tr) transitive verb

The others I am not so sure about just yet so have written out in full.

Speaking quenya

There’s another doc on this at present - this is the Quenya quick-ref thatNash is doing - all stuff that would go in this section are currently in that.I’ll put some notes here that I don’t think are in there and maybe eventu-ally move the whole thing into this section at a later date, but for now justthe notes:

- Like Espanol, vowels can get agglomerated together between words.eg, the famous: Elen sıla lumenn’ omentielvo has a quote at the end oflumenn which really stands for the ”missing” ’a’ of lumenna.

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A

a vocative particle. oh, O in a vanimar”O beautiful ones” LotR3:VI ch. 6,translated in Letters:308

a,a imperative particle. o, may it beeg a laita, laita te! ”[o] bless them,bless them!”, a vala Manwe! ”mayManwe order it!”, literally ”o ruleManwe!”

a- gram. grammar-special aprefix occurring in the Markiryapoem (Tolkien first used na-, thenchanged it). It is prefixed to verbalstems following a word that is theobject of sense-verbs like ”see”and ”hear” and describes what theobject is doing, as in man cenuvalumbor ahosta (changed fromna-hosta), ”who shall see the cloudsgather?” (hosta = ”gather”).

see also: na--a gram. grammar-verbs-present-

tense-pure Pure verbs form theirpresent tense by lengthening thestem-vowel and adding -a to theend. eg tul- becomes tula. This isequivalent to adding -es of ”is -ing”to an english word. a-stem verbsfrom present tense in -ea

see also: eaacsa n. ravine, path, pass Specifi-

cally a narrow pathetymology: Etym AK

acsan n. law, rule, command-

ment (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarinacso n. bone in Markiryaacuna, akuna

see also: cunaaha n. rage, wrath, tengwa

#11 this tengwa was earlier calledharma Appendix E

see also: harmaahosta this is just hosta with a the

prefix a- on it.unusual conjugations: a-, hosta

ahya- v. change only attested in thepast tense: ahyane, incidentally, itis also the only attested case where”hy” occurs somewhere other thanright at the beginning of a word.PM:395

ai interjection. Ah!, Alas!, oh! (Nam,RGEO:66)

aica adj. sharp, pointed, piercingEtym: AYAK

etymology: From AYAK = sharp,pointed

aica adj. fell, terrible, dire (PM:347according to PM:363 seldom ap-plied to evil things)

Aicanaro phr. Sharp Flame, FellFire, name-masc Sindarized asAegnor. (So in SA:nar and PM:345;MR:323 has Aicanar)

see also: aica, nar

17

18 A

aicale n. peak, point? ie a sharp,pointed bit

etymology: From AYAK = sharp,pointed

see also: aica, -leaicasse n. peak (mountain) Spe-

cific word for a mountain peak, asopposed to aicale which refers toany peak

etymology: From AYAK = sharpsee also: aica

ailin n. pool, lake Taryn - Note that thestem AY isn’t specifically identified, so Idon’t rally know hte difference betweenailin and linya

etymology: AY + LIN → ai-lin =pool, lake

unusual conjugations: genitivesingular : ailinen

see also: linyaaimenal, aimenel n. lark (arch)

this is the older Qenya word for larksee also: lirulin

aina adj. holy WJ:399, FS, SAetymology: Derived from Ainu.

Adopted and adapted from Valarin.Ainu n. The Holy, Elvish-order,

holy-one, angel One of the ’or-der’ of the Valar and Maiar madebefore Ea Adopted and adaptedfrom Valarin (WJ:399).

etymology: From AYAN = holyunusual conjugations: fem :

Aini, pl. : Ainursee also: Ainulindale

Ainulindale phr. Music of theAinur, name-book SA:lin #2, thesong of creation = the First Historyand book of the world (WJ:406)

see also: ainu

aiqua adj. steep Something comingup to a sharp point - possibly re-lated to aica

see also: aicaaiquen pronoun. if anybody, who-

ever WJ:372see also: ai?, quen

aira adj. red, copper-coloured,ruddy Taryn - I’m not sure whatthe difference is between this ”copper”and rus , which also means ”copper”- though it’s possible that the latter isa Valarin-adaptation, as many coloursseem to have double words.

etymology: GAY- = redsee also: carne, rus

aira [aire-]adj. holy According toPM:363, according to PM:363, aireis the noun ”sanctity”, while aira isthe adjective ”holy”

unusual conjugations: n : airesee also: aire

aire, aire- n. sanctity Also means’holy’ in adjectival sense. airetarior Aire Tari ”holy queen” (a title ofVarda, PM:363), genitive aire-tario”holy-queen’s” (Nam, RGEO:67 -but according to PM:363, aire is thenoun ”sanctity”, while aira is theadjective ”holy”)

unusual conjugations: adj : airasee also: aira

aista v. dread, fearetymology: GAYAS- = fear

aiwe n. bird SA:lin #1Aiwendil phr. Bird-lover, bird-

friend, name-? a better trans-lation is ”lover of birds” UT:401

see also: aiweAiwenor phr. bird-land The lower

19

airsetymology: Etym AIWEsee also: aiwe, nore

aiya interjection. hail (interj), greet-ing (LotR2:IV ch. 9, see Letters:385for translation)

alalme, lalme n. elm Taryn - ? lit-erally blessed are we? The possiblerelation to ALA (blessed) has beenproposed before, and makes sense”since the elm was held blessed andbeloved by he Eldar” Etym:ALAK

etymology: LALAM (ALAM ) =elm-tree possibly related to ALA =blessed.

Alamanyar,umanyar n. Elvish-group name of the Elves whostarted on the march fromCuivienen but did not reachAman; umanyar in (MR:163)

see also: umanyaralarca adj. rushing Related to larca =

”rapid/swift”etymology: A merger between

LAK- = ”swift” and ALAK- = rush-ing

alasaila adj. unwise VT42:32 Taryn -does this mean the ala- means ”un” or”not”?

alasse n. joy, merrimentetymology: GALAS = joy, be-

gladalata n. radiance eg in al(a)tarielAlataire phr. Great sea The name of

the Western ocean betwen Beleriandand Valinor (ie, the Atlantic ocean).

etymology: From ALAT = greatand AIR = sea

see also: alta, earalca n. ray-of-light

etymology: Etym ALKA-Ralcare, alcar n. radiance, glory,

brilliance, splendour (WJ:369,CO)

unusual conjugations: adj : al-carinqua

see also: alcaAlcarin adj. the Glorious title taken

by Atanatar II of Gondor, also nameof one of the Kings of Numenor Ap-pendix A

unusual conjugations: n : alcarsee also: alcarinqua

alcarinqua adj. glorious WJ:412unusual conjugations: n : alcar

Alcarinque n. Jupiter, GloriousSA:aglar

see also: alcarinquaalda n. tree, tengwa #28 SA, Nam,

RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302 and Ap-pendix E.

etymology: GALAD- = treeunusual conjugations: Dual :

Aldu, Gen.Pl. : aldaronAldalemnar phr. Tree-week

Aother name for Endien - ormid-year’s week.

see also: alda, lemnarAldalome n. Tree-night, Tree-

twilight, name-place LotR2:IIIch. 4

see also: alda, lomeAldaron phr. Orome

unusual conjugations:Aldarion n. Son of (the) Trees,name-masc Appendix A. Aldarona name of Orome Silm

see also: alda, aldaronAldea n. weekday #4 The fourth

day of the Numenorean week - re-

20 A

named from Alduya as it refersto Nimloth, wheras the Quenyanweekday referred to the two trees.

see also: alduyaAldu n. tree-pair, two-trees Usu-

ally used to refer specifically to TheTwo trees; seems to occur also inAldudenie ”Lament for the TwoTrees”

see also: alda,alduyaAldudenie phr. Lament for the

Two Trees a strange form, sinceQuenya does not permit intervo-calic d as in this word. Silm

Alduya n. weekday #4 dedicatedto the two Trees Appendix D. Theword seems to include Aldu, a dualform referring to the Two Trees.The Numenoreans altered the nameto Aldea (presumably aldaja), re-ferring to Nimloth - the white treetransported to Numenor.

see also: alda, Aldu, Aldeaalma n. good fortune, weal,

wealthetymology: GALA- = thrive

almare ?. blessedness Silm, LR:357Almaren n. Blesed realm The

first abode of the Valar in Arda, ap-parently related to almare ”blessed-ness” Silm, LR:357

almarea adj. blessedetymology: GALA- = thrive

Almariel phr. blessed-one? Femi-nine name

see also: almare, -elalmie ?. bliss

etymology: GALA- = thrivealqua n. swan SA, UT:265;

see also: from ALAK = ”rushing”

Alqualonde n. Swan-road,Swanhaven Literally refers toswan-”narrow, confined place”

etymology: where londe is re-lated to Noldorin aglon which is re-lated to arca

alta, alat- adj. big, large, greatsize great only fits when referringto physical size

etymology: Etym ALATAltariel, Galadriel phr. radi-

ant garlanded maiden, name-fem Radiant maiden crowned witha garland - referring to her hair.SA:kal;

etymology: From alata Alatarielis Telerin

see also: alata, riellealya adj. rich, wealthy, abundant,

prosperous, in-good-health Itseems this word encompasses thetotality of material good-fortune.

etymology: GALA- = thriveam- preposition. up

see also: ambaama adj. blessed, free from evil

WJ:399etymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarin.Aman n. the Blessed Realm

SA:manetymology: from the primitve

root man” - ”good, blessed, un-marred”

unusual conjugations: adj :amanya, nominal pl. : Amanyar

amanya adj. of Aman, AmanianWJ:411

see also: AmanAmanyar nom.pl.. Those of Aman

21

Elves dwelling there. Also fullerAmaneldi ”Aman-elves” (WJ:373).

see also: AmanAmandil n. Aman-friend Appendix

A, SA:mansee also: Aman

Amarie n. ?goodetymology: perhaps derived

from mara ”good” (Silm)see also: mara

amaurea n. dawn, early day Apoetic word referring to the timeshortly after dawn. For the time of”dawn” itself, use tindome

amba adv. upwardetymology: AMsee also: am-

ambal n. flagstone - shaped stonerelated to malle

etymology: MBAL = streetambalotse phr. uprising-flower

Referring to ”the flower or floreatedevice used as a crest fixed to pointof a tall [illegible word: ?archaic]helmet”. Strangely, the word is as-terisked as unattested (WJ:319)

amban n. hill-side, slope Specifi-cally the upward slope of a hill.

etymology: AMsee also: amba

ambapenda adj. uphill Literally:”up-slope”, refers specifically ”upthe hill/slope” - contrast with am-bapende which refers to the factthat a slope goes upward, and withampende an upward-facing slope

etymology: AMsee also: amba, ampende, pende

ambapende adj. up-sloping An in-clined plane that has the propensityto go upwards...

etymology: AM + PENsee also: ambapenda

Ambar n. Earth, ”the world”Presumably this word denotes earthas the home and dwelling-place ofall of us. I am not sure if italso stretched to earth as a planet(among many). To refer to the uni-verse, use Ea. This word is closelylinked to the meanings ”dwelling”and ”habitation” Please Note: donot use the participle: ”i Ambar” isnever used!

etymology: MBAR- = todwell/inhabit → a-mbar Taryn -what is the a-?

ambar n. doom, bad fate? possi-bly a variant of umbar? in Turam-bar (SA:amarth)

see also: umbarambartanen instrumental. by doom

(Silm ch. 21, UT:138).Ambarona n. name-place pre-

sumably a variant of AmbaroneLotR2:III ch. 4

see also: AmbaroneAmbarone n. up-rising, sunrise,

Orient, name-place LotR2:III ch.4

etymology: Etymologies entryAM

Ambarto n. upwards-exalted,name-masc? alteration of Um-barto, mother-name (never used innarrative) of Telufinwe = Amras(PM:353-354)

see also: UmbartoAmbarussa n. top-russet, name-

masc? mother-name (never usedin narrative) of Pityafinwe = Amrod

22 A

PM:353, 354see also: am-,russa

ambo n. hill Markiryaunusual conjugations: allative

pl. : ambonnarambonnar all.pl.. upon hills in

Markirya (ruxal’ ambonnar ”uponcrumbling hills”)

see also: amboamil n. mother

etymology: Etym AMsee also: amme, mamil

amilesse n. mothername namegiven to the child by its mother,sometimes with prophetic implica-tions amilessi tercenye ”mother-names of insight” MR:217

see also: amil, esseammale n. yellow-hammer A type

of yellow birdamme n. mother

see also: amilamorta- v. heave, up-rise, rise-up

am- means ”up” orta- means ”rise”see also: am-,amortala,orta-

amortala adj. heaving, up-rising,rising-up a participle occurring inMarkirya, derived from ’amorta-’

see also: amorta-ampa n. hook, tengwa #14

etymology: GAP- = hookampano n. building, wooden

hall Taryn - is this related to ampa?ampende n. upward slope An up-

ward facing slopeetymology: AM+PENsee also: am, ambapenda, pende

an prep. for, since, because Usedwhen inicating a reason such as ”Irelied on him for he has ben loyal”

HFs coursean prep. to, at-hand This word is

related to ana and refers to move-ment ”towards”, for example in thephrase es sorni heruion an! ”theEagles of the Lords are coming/athand” (SD:290), an denotes motiontowards the speaker

etymology: ANAsee also: ana

an- gram. grammar-superlative,very, -est, most-˜Can be usedas superlative = English ”-est”or intensive = English ”very” For example: ’ancalima’ =exceedingly-bright/brightestHFs course

ana preposition. to, towardsetymology: ANAsee also: an

Anamo gen. form?. of doom inRithil-Anamo, q.v.

ananta adv. but yet, however? FSAnar n. the sun NB the participle

- ’i Anar’ is not used when refer-ring to Sol. It may be used if youare talking about some other sun (eg’the other sun is red’ or something)SA:nar; UT:22 cf. 51; anar ”a sun”(Markirya)

etymology: From ANAR = sunfurther derived from NAR whichrefers to flame

Anarinya phr. my Sun FSsee also: anar,ur-anar

Anarion n. Sun-son, name-mascAppendix A.

Anardil n. Sun-friend, name-masc Appendix A.

23

anarore n. sunriseAnarya n. weekday #2 Dedicated

to the Sun Appendix DAnarrıma n. sun-border,

constellation-unknown nameof a constellation: ”Sun-border”?Silm; cf. LR:383

etymology: stem Risee also: anar, rıma

anc- v. bite This may or may notbe a valid Quenya word. It is,in fact,valid for Sindarin, but theQuenya word would probably bevery similar.

etymology: From ANAK = biteanca n. jaw, tengwa #15 De-

spite its English gloss, anca is asingular word (in Etym the glossis indeed ”jaw”, not ”jaws”). Ap-pendix E, SA. Despite what Christo-pher Tolkien says in this entry, theQuenya word anca as such doesNOT appear in the Sindarin dragon-name Ancalagon, but its Sindarincognate anc does.

etymology: From ANAK = biteancalima adj. most bright, bright-

est ”bright” with a superlative orintensive prefix LotR2:IV ch. 9; seeLetters:385 for translation.

see also: calimaAncalime n. Brightest daughter,

name-fem Appendix Asee also: an-,calima

Ancalimon n. Brightest son,name-masc Appendix A

see also: an-,calimaanda adj. long

unusual conjugations: adv : an-dave

Andafangar phr. Longbeards,name-group One of the tribes ofthe Dwarves = Khuzdul Sigin-taragand Sindarin Anfangrim PM:320

see also: anda, fanga, -randamunda n. elephant Literally

”long snout”see also: anda, munda

andave adv. long LotR3:VI ch. 4,translated in Letters:308

unusual conjugations: adj : andaando n. gate, tengwa #5, entrance

Appendix Eandon n. gate (great), great-gate

see also: andoAndor

see also: AndoreAndore n. land of gift, name-

place full form of Andor, name ofNumenor (SD:247)

andune, andu- n. West, sun-set, evening Markirya, SA, alsoin Namarie: Andune ”West” (butthe standard Quenya translation of”west” is Numen) (Nam, RGEO:66)

etymology: contains primitivendu meaning ”down, from on high”

see also: Anduril, NumenAndunie n. sunset, of-the-west,

name-place a city and port on thewestern coast of Numenor, said tomean ”sunset”. Apparently a vari-ant form of andune. Appendix A,Silm, UT:166

etymology: contains primitivendu meaning ”down, from on high”

see also: andu-Anduril phr. Flame of the West,

west-flame, name-obj sword-name (LotR1:II ch. 3)

24 A

see also: andu-,rilAndustar n. Westlands, name-

place spec. of Numenor UT:165see also: andu-

anesse n. given (or added) nameencompassing both epessi and ami-lessi (MR:217)

see also: amilessi, epessianga n. iron, tengwa #7 (Appendix

E, SA, PM:347)etymology: From ANGA = ironunusual conjugations: genitive :

angaina = ”of iron”Angainor phr. name-obj The chain

with which Melkor was bound(Silm)

see also: angaAngamaite n. Iron-handed,

name-masc (Letters:347)see also: anga, -maite

Angarato n. Iron-champion,name-masc Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a))

see also: angaAngamanda n. Iron-gaol Sin-

darin Angband - the dungeons be-low thangoridium - dwelling of Mor-goth (MR:350)

see also: anga, mandoAngband This is a Sindarin word...

see also: Angamandoango [angu-]n. snake

etymology: From ANGU = snakeunusual conjugations: pl :

angwianguloce n. serpentine-dragon

see also: ango, loceanna n. gift, tengwa #23

etymology: ANA meaning”to/towards” - refers to action of

giving as movement towards theother

see also: anta-Annatar phr. Lord of Gifts, Gift-

lord, name-masc name assumedby Sauron when he tried to seducethe Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar)

see also: anna, Tar-anta n. face

etymology: From ANA meaning”towards”

anta- v. give, present To present anobject to another

etymology: ANA meaningto/towards

antalto phr. they gave a pl. verbtranslated ”they gave”, though inmature Quenya it would rather bethe present tense ”give” - strangely,no past tense marker seems to bepresent

see also: -ltoante, anto adj. giver ante is feminine

while anto is masculine. Be care-ful not to confuse this with anto =”mouth”.

etymology: ANA - towardssee also: anta-

anto n. mouth, tengwa #13 (Ap-pendix E)

anwa adj. real, actual, true Relatedto the copula na, meaning existance

etymology: ANAanwe v (tr). gone (went away),

went, went away (arch) archaicpast tense of auta-, q.v. (WJ:365),now replaced by vane

etymology: auta-, vaneunusual conjugations:

apa preposition. after Variant ep- in

25

epesse.apacen n. foresight, after-sight

The literal meaning of apacen is”after-sight”, sc. knowledge of thatwhich comes after.

see also: apacenye, tercenapacenye phr. of foresight is trans-

lated ”foresight” in MR:216; yet thecontext and the form of the worditself clearly indicates that it is ac-tually the pl. form of an adjec-tive apacenya ”of foresight”. [Essi]apacenye ”[names] of foresight”,prophetic names given to a child byits mother (MR:216)

see also: apa-,cen-,-yaApanonar phr. the After-born,

Mortal Men, name-group anElvish name of Mortal Men as theSecond-born of Iluvatar (WJ:387)

see also: apa-, Minnonar, nonaapsa n. cooked food, meat

etymology: From AP = cookedfood/meat

aqua adv. fully, completely, alto-gether, wholly (WJ:392)

ar conj. andetymology: From AR = ”beside”

ara, ar- preposition. outside, be-side This is purely local in sense(something is outside of where youcurrently are) rather than a priva-tive sense of ”no longer contains”such as is used in the word avanotewhich means ”without reckoning”

etymology: From AR = outsidesee also: ava

Ara-,ar- adj. noble In Aracano con-trast with Arna

see also: aran, arna

ara n. dawnetymology: From AR = day

Aracano n. high chieftain, noblecheiftan, name-masc moth-ername amilesse of Fingolfin(PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwe ”Fi-narfin” (MR:230)

aran n. king Taryn - lit ”noble-me”(WJ:369)

unusual conjugations: gen.pl. :aranion

Aran Meletyalda phr. king yourmighty, your majesty

unusual conjugations:aranel n. princess

aranion gen. pl.. of kings in aseaaranion

see also: aranaranya phr. my king (aran + nya)

(UT:193).see also: aran, -nya

arandil n. king’s friend, royalist(Letters:386)

see also: aran, -dilArantar n. King-Lord, name-

masc (Appendix A)etymology: aran, -tarunusual conjugations:

Arandor n. Kingsland (UT:165)see also: aran, -dor

aranel n. princess (UT:434)Taryn - is’el’ thus a diminutive? or a feminine-suffix?

see also: aran, -el?Aranwe n. Kingly Person, name-

masc (Silm)etymology: aran, -weunusual conjugations:

Aratan n. Noble Atan, no-ble Man (mortal), name-masc

26 A

(Silm) Taryn - this word seems to stemfrom ara- = noble + atan = Man. analternative might be ara- = noble + -tan = maker which might have a spe-cific meaning (such as one who prformscoronations?)

see also: ara-, AtanAratar n. the Supreme, noble-

high the chief Valar translation ofthe foreign word Mahani adoptedand adapted from Valarin (WJ:402).

see also: ara-,-tarAratarya n. her sublimity Varda

Aratarya ”Varda the lofty, Varda inher sublimity” (WJ:369)

see also: ara-,-tararato n. champion, eminent man,

hero? (SA:ar(a))arca adj. narrow, confined

etymology: Etym AKArcirya n. Royal ship

etymology: ara-,ciryaunusual conjugations:

Arciryas n. royal ship-something?, name-masc masc.name (evidently derived fromarcirya ”royal ship”) (Appendix A)

see also: arciryaArda n. realm, Earth, region,

domain, tengwa #26 It is saidthat arda ”meant any more or lessbounded or defined place, a region”(WJ:402 cf. 413), also once translatedas ”Earth” (SD:246) = the kingdon ofArda. Also name of tengwa 26 (Ap-pendix E).

etymology: GAR- = have/ownunusual conjugations:

Ardamıre phr. World-jewel,Masculine name Literally

”world-jewel”, but could also mean”jewel of the world” (PM:348)

see also: arda,mireare, are, -re n. day, sun-

light, tengwa #31 (PM:127) WRTtengwa 31, it was originally pro-nounced aze. When z merged withr, the letter became superfluous andwas given the new value ss, henceit was re-named esse (Appendix E).Also are nuquerna ”are reversed”,name of tengwa 32, similar to nor-mal are but turned upside down(Appendix E)

etymology: From AR = daysee also: esse

are nuquerna n. are reversed,tengwa #32

see also: areArfanyaras, Arfanyarasse n. a

”variant or close equivalent” ofTaniquetil (WJ:403) Taryn - need tofind out what this means

see also: Taniquetilarie n. daytime

etymology: From AR = dayArien n. sun-maiden, name-fem,

name-maia The Maia of the sun(Silm) Taryn - lit. ”day-is-me”? day-maiden?

etymology: From AR = daysee also: are, Maia

arin n. morningetymology: From AR = day

arinya n. morning (early)etymology: From AR = day

armar n (pl). goods, effects Only re-ally makes sense in the plural sense- these are obviously the end-resultof neutral ownership. If a reason-

27

able value is placed on the ownedobjects, they would be more likelyto be referred to with harwe

etymology: GAR = ownsee also: harwe

Armenelos phr. royal heavencity?, name-place City of theKings in Numenor ar-menel-os”royal-heaven-city” or even ”day-heaven-city”

see also: ara-, are, menel, ostoarna adj. royal Taryn - guessed from

Arnan or e contrast with ara-Arnanore, Arnanor, Arnor n.

Royal Land (Letters:428)see also: arna,nore

arquen n. noble, noble-one(WJ:372)

see also: ara-, quenarta n. fort, fortress Taryn - Is this

valid? how does it relate to osto ?etymology: GARAT- = fort

arta adj. exalted, lofty (PM:354)Artaher, Artaher n. noble lord,

exhalted-one, name-masc (Sin-darin Arothir) (PM:346)

Artamir phr. Noble jewel, name-masc (Appendix A)

see also: arta, mırearwa-, -arwa preposition. having,

with Usually followed by the geni-tive, this is a general word referringto the possessing or in control ofsomething. eg arwanyet = ”I haveit” or ”I control it”. It is also used insuffix-form (eg aldarwa, Literally:”trees-having”) to indicate posses-sion of a noun.

etymology: GAR = ownarya n. day (12hrs) This refers to the

hours of ”day” or the 12 daylighthours. Day, as opposed to night,rather than the 24hr period, whichseems to be what are or ere

etymology: From AR = daysee also: are, ere

Aryante n. day-bringer, day-giver, name-? More literally”day-giver”

etymology: Composed of ari-(from primitive AR) = ”day” + ante= ”giver”

see also: ante, ariearyon n. heir Taryn - Not sure what

functional difference there is betweenthis version of heir and haryon . Theroot ΞAR, semms to have a stronger”valued” ssociation than GAR (the rootfor this version), but I don’t know if thismakes any difference.

see also: haryonasar n. fixed time, festival

etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

asea aranion phr. kingsfoil, athe-las lit. ”asea [foil?] of kings”(LotR3:V ch. 8)

see also: aranassa n. hole, mouth, perforation,

opening Any form of openingetymology: GAS- = to

yawn/gapesee also: cuma

asta n. month Introduced in theNumenorian calendar, the year wassplit into 12 such months, 10 iof 30days and 2 of 31. (Appendix D)

Astaldo adv. the Valiant a title ofTulkas (Silm)

asto n. dust

28 A

etymology: From AS-ATata adv. again

etymology: From AT(AT) = againata-, at- v. back (again), re- Some-

thing that has returned.etymology: From AT(AT) =

again, backatalante n. ruin, collapse, down-

fallatalantea adj. ruinous, ru-

ined, downfallen, destroyedMarkirya

atalta- v. collapse, fall in, falldown LR:390

etymology: ATALAT from TA-LAT became primitive atalta

unusual conjugations: sg. adj :atalantea, past pl. adj. : atalantie

see also: talta-Atalante n. the Downfallen,

name-group name of the sunkenNumenor (Akallabeth, SD:247, 310;also LR:47).

see also: ataltaAtan n. Man, humanity, the Sec-

ond Folk, Mortal Man, name-group An Elvish name of MortalMen, the Second-born of Iluvatar- in Sindarin they were Edain orDunedain

unusual conjugations: pl. :Atani

see also: NunataniAtanamir phr. Man-jewel?,

name-masc (Appendix A).etymology: Atan,mıreunusual conjugations:

Atanatar n. Father of Men,name-masc a name, but also com-mon noun atanatar, pl. Atanatari,

”Fathers of Men”, a title that ”prop-erly belonged only to the leadersand chieftains of the peoples at thetime of their entry into Beleriand”(PM:324, SA:atar)

see also: Atan, atarataque n. construction, buildingatar n. father (SA; WJ:402, UT:193)

Atarinya ”my father” (LR:70).Diminutive Atarince ”Little fa-ther”, mother-name (never used innarrative) of Curufinwe = Curufin(PM:353)

etymology: From ATA = fatherunusual conjugations: poss. :

Atarinya, Dim. : Atarincesee also: atto

atendea pl. n. double-middlename of the two enderi or middle-days that occurred in leap-years ac-cording to the calendar of Imladris(Appendix D, first edition of LotR)

see also: atta, endeaatsa- v. catch, hook, claw The act

of catching something in a hook-shaped object. Taryn - I wonder howit relates to ampa

etymology: GAT- = ”catch”?see also: ampa

atta, at-, -t n twoetymology: (Letters:427), techni-

cally -t is specifically the dual-formending for a word. Ordinal two istatya = ”second”

unusual conjugations: -t, tatyasee also: From AT(AT) = again

adj? : atwa = ”double”Attalya n. Bipeds, two-you in plu-

ral form: Attalyar = Petty-dwarves(from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389)

29

unusual conjugations:atto n. daddy Hypocoristic/petname for a father (LR:59)

see also: from ATAatwa adj. double

etymology: From AT(AT) = againunusual conjugations: cardinal :

atta = ”two”see also: atta

au- verbal prefix. off, away as in ’tocut off’ or ’to send away’ contrastwith ho- - especially between auciriand hociri

see also: auciri, ho-auciri v (tr). cut off so as to get rid

of or lose a portion; contrast withhociri (WJ:365, 368)

see also: hociriaule n. invention An innovative ob-

ject created by someone. Related toauta- = ”invent”

etymology: GAWA- or GOWO- =”contrive, devise

see also: auta-Aule n. invention This is the Vala of

Earth, also called Martanetymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarin (WJ:399)Aulendur phr. Servant of Aule

applied especially to those persons,or families, among the Noldor whoactually entered Aule’s service andin return received instruction fromhim (PM:366)

aure n. sunlight, day (SA:ur) com-pare with are

unusual conjugations: loc. : au-resse

see also: areauresse phr. in (the) morning in

Markirya

see also: aure, -sseAureldi name-group = Oarel,

”Elves that departed from Beleriandto Aman” (while the Sindar stayedthere) (WJ:363)

etymology: The Vanyarin (origi-nal) form is Auzeldi (WJ:374)

auta- v. invent, originate, de-vise The act of invention, related toaule. not to be confused with the theother meaning of auta- = ”to passfrom mind”

etymology: GAWA- or GOWO- =think-out, devise, contrive

see also: aule, Auleauta- v. pass HFs course

unusual conjugations: pasttense : oante

auta- v (tr). go away (mental),leaves (from thought/mind),passes away leave the point ofthe speaker’s thought; for exampleAuta i lome!, literally ”Passes thenight”, but translated ”the night ispassing!” in the Silmarillion ch. 20.Old ”strong” past tense anwe, usu-ally replaced by vane. Please note,this is only for such things passingfrom mind or thought. When themeaning is purely physical ”wentaway (to another place)” words re-lating to oante are used.

unusual conjugations:see also: past tense: vane, past

part. : vanwaava, au-, ava- prep. out-side, without Refers to some-thing that is not included in some-thing... something that is with-out something - this is a so-called

30 A

”privative sense”. eg avanote =”without reckoning”. This shouldnot be confused in meaning withara which refers to something thatis ”outside” of something else, butmore of a physical sense (eg ”thecat was outside”). Can also be usedin an adjectival sense, eg avalone =”outer island”

etymology: From AWA =away/out

ava, ava neg verb?. Don’t, do notis the verb do in a negative, presenttense form. This is not the imper-ative form eg, a shouted: ”don’t!”,which is better just as ”va”. The lat-ter spelling has the word stressed onthe final syllable Taryn - this is non-standard for quenya and might easilybe mistaken for the other forms of ava. For example ava care! (”kare”)”don’t do it” (WJ:371), contrast withuva - which is more for ”shall not”and may possibly be usable as a fu-ture tense negative : ”will not do”?Taryn - some of this reasoning may beiffy, the original just said ”don’t” as themeaning for this word... and also forva, uva, avan and many other words...I have tried to separate out the differenttypes of ”don’t”, if I’ve stuffed up, pleasefeel free to tell me :)

see also: avan, uva, vaava- v. refuse, prohibit, for-

bid, preclude?, revoke per-mission? (WJ:370)

ava- adj. forbidden (2) pre-fix indicating something forbidden:avaquetima ”not to be said, thatmust not be said”, avanyarima ”not

to be told or related” (WJ:370)Avacuma phr. Exterior void be-

yond the world, name-placeTaryn - not sure exactly what this refersto, but obviously it’s something from thecreation myths

see also: ava, cumaAvallone n. near angel-island?,

name-place Haven and city onTol Eressea. In the Akallabeth the cityis said to be so named because it is”of all cities the nearest to Valinor”,but the etymology is not further ex-plained. Taryn - a-val-lone ?[a]-angel-island? NB, I don’t think it is realted toava- in any way

see also: LonaAvamanyar n. refused Aman

to go?, name-group Elves thatrefused to go to Aman (= Avari)(WJ:370) Taryn - an alternative mightbe: av- = refuse + amanyar = the Amanpeople

avan I won’t, I will not do, Idon’t Taryn - lit. ”I don’t”? - possi-bly better translated ”I will not do” (alsovan, vanye)

see also: avaavaquet- v. refuse, forbid Taryn - I

presume the differenc between this andava- is that this is a verbal refusal or aninstance of ”this is my word!”

see also: ava-, quet-avar, avaro n. recusant, dissenter,

non-conformist one who refusesto act as advised or commanded;Avari(pl.) were the Elves that re-fused to join in the westward marchto Aman (WJ:371)

Avasar n. name-place name of the

31

land between the southern Peloriand the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt

etymology: said to be ”notElvish” in WJ:404 and must bethought of as an adaption fromValarin; on the other hand, MR:284states that it is ”ancient Quenya”and offers the interpretation ”TheShadows”. Whatever the case, itmust have become Avasar in Ex-ilic Quenya.Taryn - can’t yet figure outany etymological equivalent, the currentword for shadow is huine - derived fromPHUY- which has no seeming relp tothis stuff - but it seems to have the word”avas” to mean shadow

aya n. awe (PM:363)

C

caila n. sickness, bed-ridden-ness The situation of being abeddue to illness

see also: caimacaima n. bed

etymology: KAY = lie downcaimasan n. bed-room -san is a

shortened version of sambeunusual conjugations: pl :

caimasambisee also: caima, sambe

caimasse adj. bedridden, sick,abed Generally used to refer tosomeone that has taken to bed outof illness, but is not literally so.

see also: caima, -ssecainen n. ten Cardinal ten

etymology: KAYAN = tencaita- v. lie, lies, rest upon as

in rest upon, not as in a falsehoodFor example: Sindanoriello caitamornie ”out of a grey land darknesslies”. (Nam, RGEO:67)

etymology: KAY- = lie downcal- v. shine, give-light This refers

to ”to light” in it’s most genericform. Taryn - How does this differfrom calya ? If you wish to refer to”a light”, use calma, or to refer to”light” (as in something that comesout of ”a light”), use cala. To referto something as light in the adjecti-val sense, use calina. Also compare

with the more specific variant: sil-which refers only to white or silver,gleaming light.

etymology: KAL- = shineunusual conjugations: n : cala,

adj: calima, synonym : sil-see also: cale, calima, calya-, sil-

cala n. light This is light in it’s generalform, as in the stuff that comes outof lights. If you wish to refer to ”alight” (eg a lamp), then use calma

etymology: KAL- = shinesee also: cal-, calma

Calacilya, Calacilyan phr. light-cleft, name-place lit. shining-cleft Taryn - also spelt Calacirya, butthis would be more like shining-ship, ofcourse cirya also derives from cilya, soperhaps it is closer to shining cleaver?Etymologies has it as Calacilya , andthus i have kept it here Calaciryanis ”the Cleft of Light”, the passin the Pelori, apparently a vari-ant of Calacirya (WJ:403, SA:kal-, kir-). This the great ravine inthe mountains of Valinor, the pas-sage leading from Valmar to the re-gion where the Teleri lived. Gen-itive Calaciryo in Namarie (Nam,RGEO:67), Calaciryande is ”the re-gion of Eldamar (Elvenhome) inand near the entrance to the ravine,where the Light was brighter and

32

33

the land more beautiful” (RGEO:70)see also: cala, cirya, cilya

Calamandos phr. Light MandosAnother name for Manwe - wherethe stem MAN (spirit) is used forthuis alternative, positive version ofMandos (otherwise used of the darkVala known as Mandosse). The op-posite of this word is Morimandoswhich does refer to the other Valamore generally known as Mandos.

etymology: Cala- (light) + MAN(spirit)

unusual conjugations: Antonym: Morimandos

see also: cala-, Mandos, Mori-mandos

calarus n. burnished-copper,polished-copper Literally ”shin-ing copper”

see also: cal-, ruscalarya adj. brilliant With lots of

light Taryn - I am uncertain of the et-ymology, but it seems to be: calar =”lights” - -ya = ”belonging to”

see also: cala, -r, -yaCalaquendi n. Elves of the Light,

Light-elves Taryn - So which groupis this? (I think they’re listed inEtym - I’ll get to these names ofgroups when I’m through with the gen-eral words) (SA:kal-, SA:quen-/quet-,WJ:361, WJ:373)

see also: cal-,quendecalima adj. bright seems to incorpo-

rate the verb-form ’cal-’ HFs courseetymology: cal-unusual conjugations:see also: synonym : calina

Calimehtar phr. Bright

Swordsman, masculine name(Appendix A) Taryn - interesting giventhat the word for sword appears to bemacil and the word for swordsman isattested as macar , but then ”warrior” isohtar - perhaps there’s a relationshipthere.

see also: cal-, macar, macil,mehtar, ohtar

Calimmacil, Calmacil phr. BrightSword, masculine name Taryn -I would suggest the extra m in the firstspelling is to keep it as derived from:Cal- macil and to distinguish this fromCalaima-cil which might get mixed upwith Calima-sil which would be as re-dundant as it is incorrect (Appendix A)

see also: calima, macilcalina adj. light This word refers

to something that has the propertyof being light. Not int he sense ofweighing less, or even of being palein colour, but in giving forth lightTaryn - I think. Taryn - I speculatethat the diff between this as calima isthat ”bright” can refer to reflected light,whereas light refers only to light givenoff by the object itself...

etymology: KAL- = shineunusual conjugations: synonym

: calimasee also: cal-, calima

Calion, Tar-Calion of lights, Nameof king. The Quenya name ofAr-Pharazon = ”the Golden”;(Silm)

etymology: cal-, -on, tar-unusual conjugations:

callo n. hero, noble-man Thisdoesn’t refer to a ”noble” (as in

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the aristocracy) but of someonepure of heart and noble in nature.Etym:KAL-

etymology: The word is com-pounded of cal- = shine + -ro = he

see also: cal-calma n. lamp, tengwa #3,

lantern? This the equivalent ofsaying ”a light” which makes it theother noun-form of the verb cal-.”light” as a noun can refer also tothe stuff that comes out of ”a light”,and that is referred to as simply:cala

unusual conjugations: synonym: cala

see also: cal-, calacalmatema n. k-series of the teng-

war (Appendix E) lit. ”lamp-series”but possibly better described as a se-ries of objects that are light (a lampbeing an object of light). Contrastthis with Sardi Tengwe which lit-erally means signs that are stones...but refers to heavy sounds. I findthis an interesting correlation in thatthe properties of an abstract con-struct (a sound or series of sounds)is described by a real-life object thathas a similar aspect

see also: calma, temacalpa n. water vessel This word is

not elaborated on. Given the sur-rounding words, it appears to bea generic word for any vessel thatholds water.

etymology: KALPA = water ves-sel

see also: calpa-calpa- v. draw water, scoop out,

bale out A general word refer-ring to the act of drawing out ofa liquid. Obviously related to thegeneric word for water vessel: calpa

etymology: KALPA = water ves-sel

see also: calpashineYet another ilght-related word,

this one means to shine with light.Taryn - I postulate that this differs fromthe others this way: cal- means to giveoff any sort of light in any sort of way- it is the generic word and can beused transitively or intransitively. calya-means to specifically give light to an-other object, whereas this word meansto give off a goodly amount of light onits own. KAL- = shinecal-, calya-

calya- v. illuminate Taryn - This is in-teresting, it seems there are two sim-ilar verbs here: cal- to shine (seem-ingly the light comes from the object)and calya- to illuminate (to shed lightupon). Obvisouly my interpretation isdubious, but it seems that the ending -ya may turn the verb ”shine” (which canbe intransitive or transitive) into one thatis purely transitive... of course I mayhave mistaken what the difference is.perhaps the difference is that one thelight comes from the important objectand the other the light goes to the im-portant object... need more grammar!

etymology: from KAL-see also: cal-

cambe n. palm, hollow-of-handRefers to the hollow of the hand -and perhaps simply an open hand

etymology: KAM = hollowCanafinwe n. skilled-

commander, name-masc

35

lit. ”commands-skilled”. HisSindarin name was Maglor (seeMacalaure). Short Quenya nameCano. (PM:352).

see also: can-, finwecane adj. valour Taryn - This set of

words is interesting given that there isalso the set related to verya- from BER-. I wonder if one or the other is invalid,or if there is a fine distinction not madeclear by JRRT. the thing I find interest-ing is that KAN = ”to dare” and BER= ”valiant” and yet cane = ”valour” andverya = ”to dare”

etymology: KAN- = to daresee also: verya-

cano n. commander, cheiftan,name-masc This is one nounedversion of the verb can-, indicat-ing the person performing the or-dering (contrast with canwa). Itis usually as the title of a lesserchief, especially one acting as thedeputy of one higher in rank(PM:345, SA:kano; PM:362 indicatesthat cano originially meant ”crier, her-ald”); ”ruler, governor, chieftain”(UT:400)Masc. name Cano, seeCanafinwe

see also: can-can- v. order(v), command(v),

demand(v) demand is only ap-propriate of an object (PM:361-362)

unusual conjugations: noun :cano (orderer), noun : canwa (an or-der)

canta n. four cardinal fouretymology: KANAT = four

canta adj. shaped, fashioned Asboth ”acted upon to trun into ashape”, but also used qualitatively,

eg lassecanta = ”leaf-shaped”etymology: KAT- = to shapesee also: canta-

canta- v. shape, fashion To molda creation into a certain shape or de-sign. Contrast with car- = ”to make”

etymology: KAT- = to shapecanwa n. announcement, or-

der(n), command(n) this is an-other noun-form of can-, indicatingthe result of the verb compare withcano. (PM:362)

see also: can-canya adj. bold Taryn - see notes in

cane for discussion of diff betw this andthe verya- series of similar meaning

etymology: KAN- = to daresee also: cane, verya-

cap- v. jump, leapetymology: KAP- = leap

car [card-]n. building, house Taryn- presumably something physical that’sbeen ”made”

etymology: KAR- = make/buildcar- v. make, build, construct,

form? To mak something physical.etymology: KAR- = make/buildunusual conjugations:see also: past participle (adj) :

carnacar [cas-]n. head As in the roundbit on top of a body.

etymology: KAS = headcaracse, caraxe n. teeth (jagged)

A row of jagged teeth.etymology: KARAK = sharp fangsee also: carcane

carca n. fang, spike, sharptooth Markirya, there translated”rocks”, evidently referring to

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sharp, pointed rocks.etymology: KARAK = fang,

sharp tooth, spikesee also: carcane

carcane n. teeth/fangs A row ofsharp teeth or fangs.

etymology: KARAK- = sharpfang

see also: carcacarma n. helmet Taryn - Seems to be

related ot the word car = head, but whatis the semantic difference between thisand cassa ?

see also: cassaCarme n. art (UT:459) Taryn - is this art

= ”doing artistic stuff” or art = ”the art ofX” (any skill)?

carna adj. built, made in Vincarna”newly-made” (MR:408). Carnawould seem to be the past partici-ple of car-. This should not be con-fused with the past tense of make- carne eg ”he made it yesterday”,this word is of the form: ”the househas been built/made”

carne adj. red Not to be confusedwith the past tense of car-, note theshort a as differentiator.

etymology: KARAN → karani =red

Carnil n. Mars Taryn - lit. red one?- the ending -il seems to occur in thiscontext also for luinil = blue-planetname of a star (or planet), identifiedwith Mars (MR:435)

see also: carne, -ilCarnimırie n. rowan, Red-

jewelled The rowan-tree in Quick-beam’s song LotR2:III ch. 4, alsotranslated ”with adornment of red

jewels” (Letters:224; where the reading”carnemırie” occurs)

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : lassemista, orofarne

see also: carne, mıreCarnistir phr. red-face, name-

masc mother-name (never used innarrative) of Morifinwe = Caranthir(PM:353) Taryn - still looking for thatreference to ”face” = ?stir?

see also: carne, stirCasar n. Dwarf

see also: Adapted fromDwarvish Khazad

Casarrondo phr. dwarf-vaultsA vaulted hall belonging to thedwarves = Moria or Khazad-dum(WJ:388, 389)

see also: casar, rondocassa n. helmet Taryn - Obviously this

is a head-thing or a head-protector orsomething like that, as the word car(head) has as it’s stem-from ”cas-”; butI haven’t yet been able to identify what”-sa” came from (it looks like it’s beensubject to assimilation). I also don’tknow the semantic difference betweenthis and carma

see also: car, carmaCastamir phr. name-masc,

casta[?]-jewel (Appendix A)cel- v. stream, flow, run To issue

forth and go from a place - usuallyused of water as in celume

etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)

celma n. channel Obviously relatedto celume = ”a stream or flow”

etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)

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see also: celumecelume n. stream, flow

etymology: KEL- = go/run (ofwater)

see also: cel-celva n. animal Generally used in the

plural to refer to ”living things thatmove” (Silm) - ie the animal king-don in general

cemen, cen n. earth, soil This wordrefers to earth (as in the floor be-neath menel, the heavens (SA)) butmainly to ”earth” as in the soil be-neath the feet. Taryn - Etym:KEM alsolists cen in this entry, but doesn’t list thedifference (or similarity). I postulate thatit is a quick, shortened form of hte word

etymology: KEM = soil/earthunusual conjugations: adj : cem-

inaCementari phr. Earth-Queen Title

of Yavannasee also: cemen, tari

Cemendur phr. Earth-servant,masculine name (Appendix A)

see also: cemen, -durcemina adj. earthen, earthy, of-

earthetymology: cemen, =inaunusual conjugations:see also: n : cemen

cemnaro, centano n. potterTaryn - seems to be ”earth-smith”, butI can’t precisely figure out the final part.I postulate -tar which seems to mean”maker” of a sort.

see also: cemen, tarocen- v. see, behold, heed, under-

stand? Markiryasee also: cen

cen n. sight, understanding asthe final element of some nouns (egapacen, tercen) Taryn - possibly simi-lar to the Scots word: eg ”within mortalken”?

cenda- v. read, watch-closely re-lated to cen-, but do not confuse”watch closely” with tir- - which iscloser to ”being on watch”

see also: cen-, tir-centa n. communication, en-

quiry, essay osanwe-centa ”Com-munication of Thought”, an ap-pendix to Pengolodh’s Lammas or”Account of Tongues” (MR:415)

Cermie n. July, month #7 (Ap-pendix D)Taryn - trans? ? of runes???of earth?

certa n. runeetymology: adapted from Sin-

darin certh (an inherited Quenyaform of primitive kirte would havebeen cirte). (WJ:396)

cil- v. divide Taryn - I have assumedthis word from the base stem. It wasnot listed in etymologies.

etymology: KIL- = dividesee also: cilya

cilma-? v. choose Taryn - guessedfrom cilm e → not sure if it has the ma-ending rather than just a- or even noending...

cilme n. choosing isolated fromEssecilme ”name-choosing”,q.v.(MR:214)

cilmesse phr. choice-name, self-name Literally names of personalchoice (PM:339) (cilme + essi, hence”choice-names”)

see also: cilme, esse

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cilya n. chasm, cleft, gorge, nar-row pass Something or somwherethat was divided.

etymology: KIL- = to dividecıra- v. sail, ”cut the waves” Ap-

parently the continuative stem ofcir-, then made idiomatically intosail Markirya

see also: cir-, ciryacir- v. cut, cleave

etymology: KIR- unattestedin Etym, but listed in SA as”cut/cleave” - obviously realted toKIL- = ”divide”

circa n. sickle Taryn - I presume theetymology directly means ”cutting cres-cent”

etymology: KIRIK - not de-scribed, but KIR- = cut/cleave

cirince n. bird-species? pl. cir-inci (as species). A species of birds,”no bigger than wrens, but all scar-let, with piping voices on the edgeof human hearing” (UT:169). Taryn- possibly means ”little-cut” - either re-ferring to the red chest or to the high-pitched chirrup?

see also: cir-,incecirisse n. slash, gash

etymology: KIRIS- = cutcirya n. ship Refers to a sharp-

prowed ship and is related to cirya-= ”divide”. It seems to mean”cut/cleave” in the sense of a shipcutting siwftly through water - inthe same vein as the English ship,the ”cutter”. SA:kir-. The more gen-eral form for the word boat is lunte.

etymology: KIR- unattestedin Etym, but listed in SA as

”cut/cleave” - obviously realted toKIL- = ”divide”

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : lunte

Ciryaher n. Ship’s-master, mas-culine name I presume this worksfor the captain of a ship.(AppendixA)

see also: cirya, her-Ciryandil n. Ship-friend, mascu-

line name (Appendix A)see also: cirya, -dil

ciryaquen n. ship-man, sailorsee also: cirya, quen

Ciryatan n. Ship-builder, mascu-line name (Appendix A)

see also: cirya, -tanciryamo n. mariner Indis i-

Ciryamo ”the Mariner’s Wife”(UT:8) Taryn - The specific differencebetween this and ciryaquen is able tobe pointed out in quenya, but not sureif I can grasp any significance... -quenmakes it into ”ship-person”, whereas-mo is of agential significance, so”ship-doer, ”ship-agent” or somethinglike that. The difference I would pointout is that a sailor belongs to the ship,whereas the mariner - the ship belongsto them.

see also: cirya, -moCiryon phr. ”From a ship”, mas-

culine name Isildur’s sonsee also: cirya, -on

coa n. house (WJ:369)coacalina n. light of the house,

soul a metaphor for the soul [fea]dwelling inside the body [hroa](MR:250)

see also: coa,cal-

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coi- v. live Taryn - a guessed, and prob-ably wrong verion of live - but it is usedin this shorthand in coimas

coimas n. life-bread = Sindarinlembas (SA:cuivie, PM:395); coimasEldaron ”the coimas of the Eldar”(PM:395)

see also: coi-, massacoire n. stirring, spring (early),

living?, quickening? In the cal-endar of Imladris a precisely de-fined period of 54 days (AppendixD), but translated ”the first day ofSpring” in the Silmarillion Appendix(SA:cuivie)

see also: coi-coirea adj. living coirea quenya ”liv-

ing speech” (PM:399) Contrast withcuina

see also: coi-, cuinacol- v. bear as in to carry

unusual conjugations: pres par-ticiple: colila?

colindo n. bearer in cormacolindor= ”ring bearer”

see also: col-colla adj. borne, worn also used

as a noun = ”vestment, cloak”(MR:385). Variant form collo”cloak” (SA:thin(d) ) in the nameSindicollo (q.v.), sc. colla with amasculine ending.

see also: col-cor, cor- adj. round, circular Of-

ten used in prefix form, eg coranar= ”sun-round”

etymology: KOR- = roundcoranar n. year, ”round the sun”

lit. ”round-sun” = solar year Ap-pendix D. A single year as observed

astronomically, but a year is usu-ally referred to as loa when sea-sonal/vegetational cycles are con-cerned.

see also: anar, cor-, loacorco n. crow Compare with quaco

etymology: KORKA = crowsee also: quaco

corin n. circular enclosure, ringetymology: KOR- = round

corma n. ring, circle? In corma-colindo ”Ring-bearer” (LotR3:VI ch.4, translated in Letters:308) Taryn - butwhat sense of ring is this? does it re-fer to an actual metal object to put onyour finger, or does it refer to a physi-cal item of encirclement (a la corin ). Isthere significance in -ma being like ma= hand? or is it a primitive suffix (oneof the many -a endings I haven’t eyt fig-ured out?)

see also: cor-Cormallen phr. golden circle The

field of Cormallen was named afterthe culumalda trees that grew there

see also: corma, malta, nen?Cormare n. Ringday a festival held

on Yavannie 30 in honour of Frodo(Appendix D)

see also: corma, arecorna adj. round, globed

etymology: KOR- = roundCorollaire

etymology: Coron Oiolaireunusual conjugations:

corominde n. cupola, dome Arounded dome forming, or adorn-ing a roof. Taryn - Literally ”roundedtower”?

see also: coron, minde

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coron n. rounded mound, globe,ball ”globe” is more corectly whatthis word is for, but it is also usedof a rounded mound. Comparewith hahta which is just any pile ormound

see also: cor, hahtaCoron Oiolaire phr. mound-of-

eversummer, name-place theMound of Eversummer where theTwo Trees grew. Also contractedCorollaire (WJ:401)

see also: coron, laire, oiocosta- v. quarrel, strive, battle

etymology: KOTH- (strive, quar-rel)→ (kot-t) = quarrel

unusual conjugations: n : ohtacotumo n. enemy Obviously the

other party in a quarrel/battle (re-lated to costa- = quarrel/battle)

etymology: KOTH- = quar-rel/strive

see also: costa-, ohtacotya adj. hostile Taryn - possibly could

also be used for ”quarrelsome”etymology: KOTH- = quar-

rel/strivesee also: costa-

cu, cua n. dove Taryn - Etymology isuncertain due to lack of base stem.

etymology: KU- (not described)→ kukuwa = dove

cu n. bow, arc, crescent, archRefers to the curved shape of any-thing bow-shaped, just as with En-glishi. The name of the weaponused for shooting, however, isquinga

etymology: KUΞ (bow)→ kuw =bow

see also: quingacuile n. life, being alive Taryn - No

idea how this relates to coir ea, perhapsthis is more correctly ”life” wheras theother is the ”quickening”

etymology: KUY- = come to lifeunusual conjugations: synonym

: coireacuina adj. alive

etymology: KUY- = come to lifeunusual conjugations: n : cuile

cuiva- v. wake Taryn - Guessed fromcuiv ea, but could be slightly wrong

cuive n. awakening, a comingto life Most aptly described inCuivienen = ”waters of awaken-ing” whihc is where the Elves’ firstcuive occurred

etymology: KUY- = come tolife/wake

cuivea adj. wakeningetymology: KUY- = awake/come

to lifeCuivienen phr. Waters of awak-

ening The place where the Elvesfirst awoke in the world.

see also: cuivea, nencul- adj. golden-red An ar-

chaic/poetic useetymology: KUL- = golden-redunusual conjugations: n : cullo

culda adj. flame-coloured,orange-red Taryn - The exactdifference between culda and culina isnot specified in the Etym entry

etymology: KUL- = orange-redunusual conjugations: synonym

: culinaculina adj. flame-coloured,

orange-red Taryn - The exact

41

difference between culda and culina isnot specified in the Etym entry

etymology: KUL- = orange-redunusual conjugations: synonym

: culdacullo n. red-gold An archaic/poetic

useetymology: KUL- = golden redsee also: malta

culuina adj. orange The colour only- the fruit is culuma

etymology: KUL- = golden-redculuma n. orange As in the fruit

rather than the colour (which is cu-luina)

etymology: KUL- = golden-redculumalda n. Red-orange tree

Taryn - not sure which tree this refers toThe Field of Cormallen was namedafter these trees (which grew there)

see also: alda, culumaCulurien phr. Laurelin Another

name of Laurelin; (Silm; LR:365)Taryn - not sure about the Etymologyof this one... obviously contains cul- =golden, but what is ”rien” from? Also, isthe cul- the older version (ie the earlierconstruction from Tolkien) which meantsimply ”gold” (whereas now it means”golden-red”)?

etymology: KUL- = ”golden-red”cuma n. The Void, void This refers

to the absence of everything. For”a void” (simply as an empty thing)use lusta

etymology: KUM = voidunusual conjugations: prep :

cumna, synonyms : lustacumbe n. heap, mound Com-

pare with hahta which refers to apile/mound Taryn - I speculate that

the difference lies in the unrulinesslevel. A pile is an ordered pile of things,whereas a heap is bunch of randomlytossed things, both forming a mound,one orderly, one not

etymology: HUB = pile?unusual conjugations: sys-

nonyms : hahta, coroncumna prep?. empty

etymology: KUM- = voidunusual conjugations: n : cuma

cuna adj. bent, curved obivously re-lated to cu- = crescent

unusual conjugations: n : cuna-see also: cu

cuna- v (intr). bend This has beenattested in the intransitive form (ie”I bend”), but we do not knowwhether it can also be transitive (ie”I bend this object”)

unusual conjugations: adj : cunasee also: cu, cuna

cundu n. prince Taryn - The stem isn’tdirectly explained. It means Prince...but there are other words for Prince too.

etymology: KUNDU = princeunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : haryon, ingwecuru n. skill, cunning In Curufin,

Curufinwe, Curunir. (SA) Taryn -this is listed as skill, but also as ”cun-ning” when it comes from Curumo , butalso seems to be specifically basedaround curw e = ”technical skill”... How-ever, curu- is only listed in Etym as aNoldorin form.

see also: curweCurufinwe phr. magic-skill Skill-

ful Finwe Taryn - see curu fora discussion of this , a name ofFeanor (PM:343); also the origin of

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the Sindarin name Curufin; Feanornamed his favourite son after him-self. Short Quenya name Curvo.(PM:352)

see also: curu, finweCurumo n. Cunning One, Saru-

man (UT:401)see also: curu, -mo

Curvoetymology: Curufinweunusual conjugations:

curwe n. craft, technical skillSpecifically refers to technical skillor ”craft”.

etymology: KUR- = craftsee also: curu

cyerm- v. pray Taryn - guessed fromcyerm e

unusual conjugations: n : cy-erme

cyerme n. prayer isolated fromErukyerme (UT:166)

unusual conjugations: v :cyerm-?

D

Please note: Quenyan words neverstart with the letter d. Most old d-words changed to l or r. The wordslisted below are used as a suffix incompound words.

-dacil adj. victor Contained in sev-eral masculine names. note: onlyever used in the suffix form asQuenyan words cannot start with d

-dil, -ndil adj. friend This is an end-ing in many names, like Amandil,Earendil; it implies devotion or dis-interested love and may be trans-lated ”friend” (SA:(n)dil); this end-ing is ”describing the attitude of oneto a person, thing, course or occu-pation to which one is devoted forits own sake” (Letters:386) Note: then is inserted where it is mopre eu-phonic to do so - especially wherethe word would have multiple ’d’ or’t’ sounds such as: Eldandil

see also: -durdom- v. fade, dim Taryn - guessed

from timdom e = ”star-fading” and theroot DOMO = faint, dim

etymology: from DOMO = faint,dim

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : quel-

-dol, -ndol adj. head (hill) Oftenused of hills or mountains, but alsoused of the actual head, eg in Rus-

sandol = ”copper top”-dor, -ndor n. land ala more-dor,

black-land. Silmsee also: nor

-duine n. flow, river Refers to”a flow” - guessed from numeroussources eg Anduine Taryn - currentlyI have no supporting evidence to fig-ure out whether I’ve missed a letter orgrabbed one too many...

-dul adj. dark Taryn - guessed from at-tested source: terendul

-dur, -ndur adj. servant, helper?,loyalist? This is an ending in somenames, like Earendur; as noted byChristopher Tolkien in the Silmar-illion Appendix it has much thesame meaning as -dil ”friend”; yet-dur properly means ”servant of”(SA:(n)dil), ”as one serves a le-gitimate master: cf. Q. arandilking’s friend, royalist, beside aran-dur ’king’s servant, minister’. Butthese often coincide: e.g. Sam’s re-lation to Frodo can be viewed ei-ther as in status -dur, in spirit -dil.”(Letters:286) Note: the n is insertedwhere it is mopre euphonic to do so- especially where the word wouldhave multiple ’d’ or ’t’ sounds suchas: Eldandur

see also: -dil

43

E

e ?. indeed? unidentified word in thesentence e man antavaro? (LR:63),”what will he give indeed?” It maybe an adverbial particle ”indeed”;on the other hand, one very early”Qenya” text may suggest that itis the pronoun ”he”, though ”he”is also expressed as the ending -ro:”He - what will he give?”

-e gram. grammar-pluralisation-adjectives-general adjectives,like verbs, must agree with theirnouns in number. An adjectiveusually pluralises by removing thefinal vowel and replacing with -e,unless the adjective already ends in-e (in which case it pluralises in -i)or in -ea (in which case the -ea isremoved and replaced by -ie)

etymology: pluralisation of ad-jectives used to be done by the addi-tion of -i. For example: lantai. Then-ai become -e (thus why we mustremove the a and replace with -e).But and adjective ending with -eawould become -eai - which wouldhave become -ee, thus it became -ie

see also: -i, -ie-e gram. grammar-verbs-aorist-

final The aorist is generally formedin -i, but where it is final, it isformed in -e. It should still beformed in -i if an ending must be ap-

plied.etymology: in primitive elvish,

the aorist was probably formed in -ı which became -e in quenya whenfinal

see also: -iEa n. creation, universe, it is, it

be ”is” in a more absolute sensethan the copula na = ”exists” (CO);Ea ”it is” or ”let it be”, used as anoun for ”All Creation”, the uni-verse (WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote)Taryn - ? the great ”I am”?

-ea gram. grammar-verbs-present-tense a-stem verbsform the present tense by changingthe -a into -ea and lengthening thestem-vowel. This is the equivalantof adding -es or sometimes ”is-ing” to an English verb. eg dobecomes ”does” or ”is doing” →lanta- becomes lantea. Pure verbsfrom present tense in -a

see also: -aeala n. being, spirit spirits whose

natural state it is to exist with-out a physical body, like Balrogs(MR:165), contrast with Vala andMaia

ear n. sea (WJ:413; see Letters:386 foretymology) Ear ”the Great Sea”, ab-lative Earello ”from the Great Sea”,et Earello ”out of the Great Sea”

44

45

(EO)(ear-celumessen is translated”in the flowing sea”, lit. ”in the sea-streams”)

etymology: From AYAR and AIR= sea

Earendil phr. Sea-friend, name-masc SA

see also: ear,-dilEarendil n. Venus Taryn - it was given

in the Elvish volcabulary - but I’m stillnot sure of it

see also: ear,-dilEarenya n. weekday #7 The

Numenoreans inserted this day be-tween Menelya and Valanya asthey loved the sea so much - andthus turned a siz-day week into a 7-day week.

see also: earEarrame phr. Sea-wing, name-

ship More correctly: ”Wings of thesea”, the name of Tuor’s ship. (SA)

see also: ear, ramaEarendur phr. Sea-servant, name-

masc in effect a variant of Earendil(Appendix A) Also used to mean(professional) marine (Letters:386).

see also: ear,-durEarwen phr. Sea-maiden, name-

fem (Silm)see also: ear,-wen

Earnil contraction of Earendil (Ap-pendix A)

Earnur contraction of Earendur (Ap-pendix A)

earuile n. seaweed lit. sea-trailingPlant

see also: ear,uileEccaia n. outer-ocean name of the

outer ocean: for et-gaya? (Silm) Taryn

- not sure of this one at all → et is inhere, but gaya isn’t.

ecco n. spearsee also: ehte

ecet n. sword (short and broad)a particular type of short, broad-bladed sword. (UT:284)

ehtar n. spearmanetymology: Etym: EKTE- =

”spear”ehte n. spear Also ecco

etymology: Etym: EKTE- =”spear”

see also: eccoehte v. spear

etymology: EKTE- = ”spear”ehtele n. spring Specifically an issue

of water.etymology: KEL- = ”run’ (of wa-

ter)→ et+kele = ”issue of flowing”ehtyar n. spearman Taryn - does yar

= ”-man”?see also: ehte

ela interjection. behold, look! direct-ing sight to an actually visible object(WJ:362)

elda adj. of the starsunusual conjugations:

Elda n. Elf, star-folk one ofthe people of the Stars, high-elf(SA:el, elen), chiefly in the pl Eldar(WJ:362). Gen. pl. Eldaron (WJ:368,PM:395, 402);dative pl.eldain ”forelves”, for Eldar (FS); possessive sg.Eldava ”Elf’s” (WJ:407); possessivepl. Eldaiva (WJ:368), Eldaive gov-erning a plural word (WJ:369). Theword Eldar properly refers to thenon-Avari Elves only.

unusual conjugations: adj : El-darin

46 E

Eldacar phr. elf-head?, name-masc Taryn - this was in the cor-pus wordlist - not sure where the headcomes from as it isn’t listed separatelyin teh wordlist... I’ll get back to it (Ap-pendix A)

see also: elda,-car?Eldalambe n. Elven-tongue the

language of the Eldar (WJ:368)see also: elda,lambe

Eldalie n. Elven-folk often usedvaguely to mean all the race ofElves, though it properly did not in-clude the Avari (WJ:374; possessiveEldalieva in the name Mindon El-dalieva, q.v.)

see also: elda,lieEldamar n. Elvenhome, name-

place according to MR:176 anothername of Tirion (see tir-)

see also: elda,-marEldameldor phr. Elf-lovers

(WJ:412)see also: elda,melda-

Eldandil adj. elf-friend, aer-wine WJ:412 by the Edain confusedwith Elendil, properly ”Star-friend”(WJ:410)

see also: elda,-dilEldanor n. Elvenland, name-

place regions of Valinor where theElves dwelt and the stars could beseen (MR:176)

see also: elda,-norEldarin adj. Elvish derived from

Elda (Silm)unusual conjugations: n : eldasee also: elda

Eldo n. archaic variant of Elda, prop-erly one of the ”Marchers” from

Cuivienen, but the word went out ofuse (WJ:362, 374)

see also: eldaElemmıre n. Star-jewel, name-

planet, Mercury? from elen +mıre, note assimilation ”nm” be-comes mm, name of a star/planet(possibly Mercury, MR:435, wherethe spelling is Elemmire Taryn - I’dbe more likely to gues Venus, or evenJupiter? ); also name of an Elf.(SA:mir)

see also: elen,mıreelen, ellen, elena, el-, -el n. star

(SA:el, elen) gen. pl. elenion in thephrase Elenion Ancalima ”bright-est of stars” (LotR2:IV ch. 9; see Let-ters:385 for translation) ablative pl.elenillor ”from stars” in Markirya.Elen was also misinterpreted by theEdain to mean elf (see Elendil)

unusual conjugations: adj :elenya

elena adj. stellar (of/from a star)of the stars (SA:el, elen)

unusual conjugations: n : elensee also: elen

Elenarda n. Star-realm, heavensThe realm of the stars above theearth.

see also: arda, elenElende n. elven-home, name-

place The regions of Valinor wherethe Elves dwelt and the stars couldbe seen (MR:176)

see also: elenElendil phr. Star-friend, name-

masc Lover or student of stars, ap-plied to those devoted to astronom-ical lore. However, when the Edain

47

used this name they intended it tomean ”Elf-friend”, confusing elen”star” and elda ”elf” (WJ:410). Thisidea that the name was misappliedseems to be late; Tolken earlier inter-preted the name as an ancient com-pound Eled + -ndil; see Letters:386.

see also: elen,-dilElendur phr. Star-servant, name-

masc probably intended to mean”Elf-servant”; in effect a variant ofElendil (Appendix A)

see also: elen,-durelenna allative. starwards a

name of Numenor: Elenna-nore”Starwards-land”, ”the land namedStarwards”, genitive Elenna-noreoin Cirion’s Oath

see also: elenElentari phr. Star-queen title of

Varda/Elbereth (SA:tar)see also: elen, tari

Elenwe phr. Star-person, name-masc (Silm)

elenya adj. stellar (like a star) onlydefined as an adjective referring tostars by Tolkien (WJ:362) comparewith elvea

unusual conjugations: n : elensee also: elen, elvea

Elenya n. day #1 name of the firstday of the Eldarin six-day week,dedicated to the stars (Appendix D)

see also: elen,elenyaElerosse phr. star foam, starlit

foam, name-masc Sindarin Elros(PM:348) Taryn - this makes no senseas ross e means ”dew” - foam is givenas ving e

see also: elen,rosse,vinge

Elerrına, Elerına phr. Stars-crowned elen + rına, a name ofTaniquetil (Silm)

see also: elen,rınaElessar n. Elf-stone, star-stone

Elen + sar, elen ”star” again beingmistakenly used in place of elda tomean ”Elf” (LotR3:V ch. 8)

see also: elen,sarEllaire n. star-summer, June alter-

native name of June obviously fromel + laire = star + summer (PM:135)

see also: elen,laireello interjection.

see also: yelloelvea adj. starlike, like stars

Taryn - aparrently often pronounced as:albea, can’t rem where I found this outMarkirya

see also: elenElwe phr. Star-person, name-

masc (PM:340, WJ:369)see also: elen, -we

elye emphatic pronoun. even thouemphatic 2. person sg. pronoun(Nam, RGEO:67)

en- pre. again, re- in enquantuva”shall refill”, entuluva, ”shall comeagain” Nam, RGEO:67, LotR3:V ch.8, MR:405

end- adj. mid- see endyaEndamar, Ambarenya phr.

middle-earth The name of thelands in the middle- can refer eitherto the actual land that most of LotRtakes place (in the ”middle” of thegeneral world-map type of area) orcan also refer to earth - as betweenheaven and the underworld... as faras I’ve been told.

48 E

etymology: ambar (earth) + end-(middle)

see also: ambar, endeende n. centre, middle When a

”middle” is considered as a noun -eg ”his middle”

etymology: ENED = middlesee also: endya

endea n. middle as in ”the middle”when referred to - as opposed to aproperty of something as being inthe middle which is more in the lineof end- or endya

Enderi n. middle-days In the cal-endar of Imladris three days in-serted between the months (or sea-sons) yavie and quelle (AppendixD). These days were doubled every12 years as the ”leap year” equiva-lent to catch up extra required days.The exception was for the last yearof every third yen. There wouldsurely have been other adjustmentsfor inaccuracies, but these are notrecorded.

unusual conjugations: sg : en-dere

see also: end-, ereEndien n. autumn (alt) Alterna-

tive name for ”autumn” - probablymeaning ”mid-year” where yen hasbeen corrupted into ”-ien” (PM:135)

see also: end-, yenEndore, Endor n. Middle-earth

(SA:dor, Appendix E)etymology: from primitive ened

= ”middle” and ndor = ”land”unusual conjugations: allative :

Endorennasee also: end-,-ore

endya, enya, end- adj. middle,central ie ”the middle child” ratherthan ”it’s the middle” - which ismore appropriate to ende. The pre-fix is used in many words such asEndore = ”middle earth”

etymology: ENED = middlesee also: ende

enga preposition. save-for, except-for (FS)

engwa adj. sicklyetymology: GENG-WA = sickly

Engwar n. The Sickly Elvish nameof Mortal Men (Silm)

see also: engwa, -rengwe n. thing, object HFs courseenquanta v. refill from enquantuva

= ”shall refill” (Nam)see also: en-, quanta-

enque n. six Cardinal sixetymology: ENEK = six

enquie n. week Eldarin six-dayweek (Appendix D) obviously re-lated to the word for six. The weekwas generally used for ritual prac-tice rather than of practical function.One yen contained exactly 8766 en-quier

see also: enqueenta, en, en- n/adj. thither, yon-

der, over there A prefix or el-ement indicating ”over there”-nesseg en kare = ”yonder earth” FS or infull form: Entaarda = enta + harda= ”yonder lands” or ”outer lands”

etymology: EN- = ”overthere/yonder”

unusual conjugations: adj : entasee also: enta

envinyanta adj. healed, renewed

49

(MR:405)see also: en-, envinya-, vinya, -

tarenvinya- v. heal, renew

see also: en-, vinyaEnvinyatar n. renewer, healer

Aragorn’s title Envinyatar ”the Re-newer” envinya is lit. again-new,with tar = ”high” (LotR3:V ch. 8)

unusual conjugations: en-,vinya, -tar

enwina adj. old Taryn - which ver-sion of ”old” is this? how does it differfrom the others? Is it related to engw e?Markirya

enyal- v. recall, commemorate,remember To summon some-thing back into memory. UT:317Eg enyalie ”the re-calling”Cirions’sOath

see also: en-, yal-enyare phr. in that day pointing to

the future (FS) Taryn - really not sureabout how this is constructed - obvi-ously are is day - but where does en-y-come in?

see also: eny-???,areEonwe ?. name-maia (WJ:417)

etymology: adopted andadapted from Valarin

see also: on-?,-weep- preposition. after [taryn, I’m not

sure if it is the adjective menaing”towards the end” (as for end-) orthe conjugative after, but this isguessed from epesse = after-name]

epesse n. after-name, nicknamemostly given as a title of admirationor honour (PM:339, UT:266)

see also: ep-,esseephel n. outer Fence LorR App E

eque pseudo-verb. say, says, saida tenseless pseudo-verb used tointroduce quotations or a ”that”-construction; with affixes equen”said I”, eques ”said he/she”(WJ:392, 415)

see also: quet-eques n. saying, dictum, quota-

tion generally from someone’s ut-tered words, a current or prover-bial dictum (WJ:392); eg I EquessiRumilo ”the Sayings of Rumil”(WJ:398)

see also: equeer n. one, alone Taryn - quite possi-

bly also the singular pronoun at times- such is common to most languagesTaryn - wondering if this is the same aser- below - that the months really are”first spring” or something?

er- adj. beginning?, early? Taryn- guessed from the four alterna-tive names for the months: ercoir e,erquell e, errıve and ertuil e → whichseem to include the name of the seasonthat begins after them. See also no

see also: noerca n. prickle, spine A small sharp

thornetymology: EREK = thorn

erca- v. prick Make a hole in some-thing with a sharp thing.

etymology: EREK = thornsee also: erca

ercasse n. holly Taryn - Seems tomean ”sharpity”

see also: erca, -sseErcoire n. February (alt) Taryn

- beginning of stirring (early-spring)(PM:135)

50 E

see also: er-?,coireerde n. seed, germ, person The

one centre of a thing - or beginningof a thing. Also used to refer to aperson as a whole as the seed is theessence of the person (MR:216)

etymology: ERED = ”seed”ere n. day this would be the 24-hour-

type of day, as opposed to are Taryn- guessed from Enderi

see also: areereg n. thorn, holly [taryn - not sure

if this is Quenya or primitive or sin-darin - from SA]

eresse n. solitude Alone-nessetymology: ERE- = be alonesee also: eressea

eressea adj. lonely Often used by it-self for Tol Eressea, the Lonely Isle(Silm)

etymology: ERE-erma n. matter physical substance

(MR:338, 470)Erquelle n. September (alt)

alternative name of September(PM:135) [tarynbeginning of fading(autumn)]

see also: quel-Errıve n. November (alt) alter-

native name of November (PM:135)Taryn - beginning of snowing? (winter)

see also: er-,hrıveErtuile n. April (alt) alternative

name of April (PM:135) Taryn - be-ginning of coming??? (tuile) (late-spring)

see also: er-,tuileEru n. the One, God A name

reserved for the most solemn oc-casions (WJ:402), genitive Eruo

(MR:329)etymology: ERE- = be alonesee also: er

Eruhantale phr. Thanksgivingto Eru A Numenorean festival(UT:166, 436) Taryn - hantale = thanks-giving → anta- = give - so where doesthe ”thanks” come in?

see also: Eru,han?,anta-,leEruhıni n. Children of Eru Elves

and Men (WJ:403; SA:hıni)see also: Eru, hin

Erukyerme phr. Prayer to Eru ANumenorean festival (UT:166, 436)

see also: Eru, kyermeErulaitale phr. Praise of Eru A

Numenorean festival (UT:166, 436)see also: Eru, laita,le

erume n. desert A lonely and iso-lated place, devoid of anything andanyone

etymology: ERE- = ”be alone,deprived

see also: ErumanEruman n. Desert? The desert NE

of Valinoretymology: ERE- = ”be

alone/deprived”see also: erume

Erusen phr. children of EruRGEO:74 this is a weird form withno plural ending. The normal formseems to be Eruhıni.

see also: Eru, senerya adj. single, sole Refers to some-

thing that is the only one of a kindetymology: ERE- = be

alone/deprivedsee also: er-

es ?. behold!, look there! Used asan indication, eg es sorni heruion

51

an! ”the Eagles of the Lords areat hand” (SD:290) can be reworded:”Behold the Eagles...”

etymology: ES- = to indicatesee also: esta-

esce v. rustle The sound of noisyleaves

etymology: EZGE- = rustleesse n. name, tengwa #31 This

word means ”name” - it is incorpo-rated into a number of subwords,such as: amilesse and epesse whichrefer to the formal, and nick-namsof a person (respectively). esse isalso the new name of the tengwarformerly known as: are or aze. (Ap-pendix E)

etymology: ES- = to indi-cate/name

Essecarme phr. name-making(MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremonywhere the father announces thename of his child.

see also: esse, car-,-meEssecenta phr. Name-essay

(MR:415) Taryn - what is this?see also: esse,centa

Essecilme phr. name-choosingan Eldarin ceremony where a childnamed him- or herself according topersonal lamatyave (q.v.) (MR:214,471)

see also: esse, cilmeessi tercenye phr. names of in-

sight, mother-names The namesgiven to a child by its mother, indi-cating some dominant feature of itsnature as perceived by her (MR:216)

see also: esse, tercenesta v. name The act of giving some-

thing a name.

etymology: ES- = indicate/namesee also: esse

este, Este adj. repose, rest usedboth to refer to the adjective ”rest’and also the name of a Valie(Lorien’s wife) (WJ:404)

etymology: EZDE = rest and alsothe name of the Valie

estel n. trust, hope (WJ:318,MR:320)

et preposition. out-of Usually followedby the ablative SD:290

etymology: ET- = from out ofetsir n. river-mouth, outflow Lit-

erally: ”outflow”, this is used to re-fer to the head of a river

etymology: ET- + sir = out + flowsee also: et, sir

ettul- v. come forth, come outSD:290

see also: et-,tul-etya- v. exile, cast-out? Probable et-

ymology has this as the act of ”cast-ing out” Taryn - from Etyangoldi

etymology: ET- + ya-?see also: et-

etya adj. exiled, cast-out? Taryn -from Etyangoldi

Etyangoldi phr. Exiled Noldor(WJ:374)

etymology: from Etyangoldiezel, ezella adj. green (arch) This

is valid in Vanyarin Quenya only.(WJ:399)

etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin

Ezellohar phr. Green Mound Taryn- lit. green (ezel) - lo? - sit? (=”har”) or green (exell) - ”ohar” = ?Where the Two Trees grew in Vali-

52 E

nor also translated as Coron Oio-laire, Corollaire (WJ:401)

etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin

see also: ezel

F

faila adj. fair-minded, just, gener-ous (PM:352)

faina- v. emit-light, glow, shinethere are so many light-emittingwords it’s hard to tell the differencebetween them... in this case it seemsthat the act of emitting light is whatis important - ”radiate” might bean equivalent, but in English thatcan mean more than just light. HFscourse

faire n. phantom, disembodiedspirit, ghost, spirit when seen asa pale shape Markirya (MR:349)

falasse n. shore, line of surf,beach? (SA:falas)

falasta- v. foam Markiryaunusual conjugations: adj :

falastalafalastala adj. foaming, surging

Markiryaunusual conjugations: v :

falasta-Falastur phr. Shore-lord, name-

masc (Appendix A)falle n. foam

unusual conjugations:falma n. wave Generally re-ferred to as a crested or foamingwave. eg falmalinnar ”on the foam-ing waves” in Nam

Falmari n. wave folk, name-group A name of the Teleri - the

third group of Eldar, who chose tolive by the sea in both Valinor andBeleriand. (PM:386)

see also: falmafana n. veils The ”veils” or ”raiment”

in which the Valar presented them-selves to physical eyes, the bodiesin which they were self-incarnated,usually in the shape of the bodies ofElves (and Men) (RGEO:74) Taryn -seems to be related to fane, but maybenot. if it is the case, tehn it means theyappeared wreathed in misty cloud?

fana, fane adj. white This refersto white like the clouds→ comparewith ninque which refers to ”silver-white” Markirya

fanga n. beard in Andafangar”Longbeards”, one of the tribes ofthe Dwarves (= Khuzdul, Sigin-tarag [taryn, what lang is this in?]and Sindarin: Anfangrim) (PM:320)

etymology: andaunusual conjugations:

Fantur phr. Cloud-lord Part ofthe surnames for both Mandos =”lord of death-cloud” and Lorien =”lord of dream-cloud”

Fanturion, Arfanturion n. Week-day #4 of the Valian weekThe second-to-last day of the Valianweek, dedicated to the two ”could”gods: Mandos and Lorien (referred

53

54 F

to as the Fanturi = ”cloud-lords”).The word for week is lemnar.

see also: Fantur, Lorien, Mandosfanya n. cloud specifically a white

cloud (thus it seems related to eitherfane or fana) - Taryn - probably cumu-lus (FS)

see also: fana, fanefanyare n. air, sky, skies not heaven

or the firmament, but the upper airsand clouds. Note that fanyare is asingular word and therefore takesa singular adjective/participle, asin fanyare rucina ”ruined skies” inMarkirya

fare n. sufficiency, plenitudeetymology: Etym PHARunusual conjugations: farya-

adj : farea, v : varya-farea adj. enough, sufficient Ap-

pears to be related to farya- (FS)unusual conjugations: neg :

ufareasee also: farya-,ufarea

farne n. dwelling, house? in oro-farne Taryn - is this related to varya- ?as a ”place of sufficiency”, or just an un-related word?

farya- v. suffice LRetymology: Etym PHARunusual conjugations: past

tense : farneFayanaro archaic form of Feanaro

(PM:343)see also: Feanaro

fea n. soul, radiant-one, spirit TheIncarnates are said to live by neces-sary union of hroa (body) and fea(WJ:405)

fealoce n. spark-dragon Taryn - I’mreally not sure what sort of a dragon it

refers to. Glossed as ”spark-dragon” Iwould think it meant something electri-cal, but consider the fact that fea means”radiant sun” - so maybe it’s some big,glowy dragon or something...

see also: fea, loceFeanaro n. radiant-sun, Spirit of

Fire Feanor (SA:nar)see also: fea,nare

Feanor Quenya-Sindarin hybridfor pure Quenya Feanaro ”Spirit ofFire”

see also: FeanaroFeanturi phr. Masters of Spirits,

name-vala The name of the twoValar Mandos and Lorien (SA:tur)

see also: fea, -turfenda n. thresholdferen [fern-]n. beech WJ:416

etymology: From BERETH →pheren

unusual conjugations: pl : fernifilit [filic-]n. small bird

etymology: From primitive PHI-LIK LR:381

fin- adj. skilled not related to the fin-that means hair

etymology: Etym PHIN-see also: Finwe

fin [find-]n. hair The many wordsfor hair are a little confusing, butthis is the breakdown fo them: finseems to be hair as a material, fine isa single hair, while findesse is some-one’s head of hair, leaving findewhich is a bunch of hair - a tress orplait of it. HFs course

unusual conjugations: adj :finda

see also: finde

55

finda adj. having hair, -haired(PM:340)

unusual conjugations: n : finsee also: fin

Findarato phr. hair-championTaryn - ?hairy-champion? haired-champion? or is it a champion thatfights for hair? Sindarized as Finrod(SA:ar(a) )

see also: finfinde n. hair, tress, plait, braid

An amount of hair - especially of thehead (PM:340)

see also: fin, findesse, fineFindecano phr. Hair-commander

Sindarized as Fingon (PM:344)see also: fin

findesse n. hair Mainly a whole headof hair, or a person’s hair as a whole(PM:345)

see also: fin, finde, finefine n. hair (sg) (PM:340)

see also: fin, finde, findessefine n. larch Any of several decid-

uous, coniferous trees of the genusLarix, having needlelike leaves clus-tered on short shoots and heavy,durable wood

Finwe n. skilled one From the oldword for skill PHIN + -we = ”the ab-stract suffix” Taryn - it was in Etym,don’t ask me Note: this is in no wayrelated to fin = ”hair”... they arefrom separate roots.

etymology: Etym: PHIN- =skill/nimbleness

fir- v. die, fade, expire, breathe-forth, sigh? Seems to mean fad-ing slowly away, but also idiomaticof death, purportedly with refer-

ence to the slow release of breath(also seemes to be expressed thus inFıriel). (MR:250, 470)

unusual conjugations: adj : firin,synonym : qualme, antonym : cuile

see also: FırielFıriel phr. she that sighed, she

that died The later name ofMıriel(MR:250) obivously related tofir-

see also: fir-firin adj. dead HFs course Compare

with qualinunusual conjugations: v : fir-see also: qualin

Fırimar n. those that die, mortals,name-group an Elvish name ofMortal Men (WJ:387)

see also: Atan, fir-, FiryarFiryar n. Mortals, dying-ones?

Another Elvish name of Mortal Men(WJ:387) Taryn - ?those who die?

see also: Atan,Fırimar,fir-folima adj. secretive Note: this is

from one of the earliest ’qenya’ dic-tionaries, so may be shaky

Formen n. North, tengwa #10(SA:men)

etymology: Etym PHOR mean-ing ”right-hand”

unusual conjugations: menFormenos phr. Northern Fortress,

name-place SA:formenetymology: formen,ostaunusual conjugations:

Forostar phr. Northlands,name-place Specifically thenorthlands of Numenor (UT:165)Taryn - not sure of the compound here:formen ? + tar? or For- + osta ?

56 F

forya adj. right (opp left) This isright as opposed to left = hyarya

see also: hyaryafuine n. shadow deep, or heavy

shadow - identical to huine Taryn -AFAIK

etymology: Etym PHUYsee also: huine

Fuinur phr. shadow-?, name-masc This word was misprinted”Fuinar” in the Silmarillion Index.It is evidently derived from fuine”deep shadow” Taryn - but not sureabout the suffix

see also: fuine

G

Galadriel Altariel Note: this isa Sindarin word. Altariel is theQuenyan version of her name.

see also: Altariel

57

H

haca- v. yawn Markiryahahta n. pile, mound Compare

with coron = ”a mound” (refers toa rounded mound) and cumbe -which refers to a heap. Taryn - I spec-ulate that the difference lies in the un-ruliness level. A pile is an ordered pileof things, whereas a heap is bunch ofrandomly tossed things, both forming amound, one orderly, one not. This is fur-ther helped byt the fact that the Noldorinwords coming from this stem include”grave” - whereby a large amount of dirtis tossed into a pile.

etymology: KHAG → khagda =pile/mound

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : coron, cumbe

see also: coronhaima n. custom, habit Related to

himya- = ”to stick to” to ”abide by”,this word reers to any habitual ten-dency that is adhered to.

etymology: KHIM- = adhere,stick to

see also: himya-haira adj. remote, distant, far

Something that is at a far remove.etymology: KHAYA = far, distant

haiya adv. far-away, distant, far-off Note that this is the adverbialform for this meaning. To use ”far”or ”distant” in an adjectival sense,

use hairaetymology: KHAYA = far, distant

hala n. fish (small)etymology: SKAL- = a small fishsee also: lingwe

halatir n. king-fisher Literally ”fish-watcher” (from halatirno)

see also: hala, tirnohalla adj. tall (Appendix E, footnote)halya- v. screen, conceal, veil

etymology: Etym SKAL-ham- v. sit

etymology: KHAM = to sithanda adj. intelligent, under-

standing This is an adjective thata person can have of a subject to beunderstood (rather than a propertyof the subject being understand-able).

etymology: KHAN- = under-stand/comprehend

handasse adj. intelligence The ca-pacity of someone’s intellect. Usehandele for intellect = the facultyused to understand/think with

see also: handa, -ssehande n. knowledge, under-

standing, comprehension In ageneral sense.

etymology: KHAN- = to under-stand/comprehend

handele n. intellect The faculty bywhich someone attempts to under-

58

59

stand things. Contrast with han-dasse = intelligence = the capacityof a person’s intellect.

etymology: KHAN- = to knowhanu n. male This is the generic

word that refers to a male of anyspecies, sentient or otherwise. If theword is to refer to a male of a sen-tient species, use ner. By contrast,the inter-species word for ”female”is...Taryn - not sure, really...

etymology: ΞAN = a maleunusual conjugations:see also: adj:hanwa

hantale phr. thanksgiving FromEruhantale (UT:166) Taryn - fromhere i hsould be able to separate”thanks”, but as anta is give, that wouldonly leave han- ... which would be pos-sible... but doesn’t fit with hanu = male

see also: anta-hanwa adj. male Used when refer-

ring to anything that is male. Com-pare with the noun ”man” = ner(though this refers specifically to asentient male). By comparison, re-ferring to something as female, useinya

etymology: ΞAN = man + -waunusual conjugations: n:ner,

antonym:inyasee also: hanu, inya, ner, -wa

hanya- v. understand, compre-hend, know about Refers tosomething that someone is ”skilledat dealing with”

etymology: KHAN- = under-stand/know about

har- v. sit UT:305,317 Note that theperfect tense of this verb can be-

come confused with that of harya-haran n. king Taryn - There seem

to b multiple words for King - i willtry and guess the difference betweenthem. This particular word seems tobe related to the concept of treasure(they are the treasure of the nation)or the concept of ownership/possession(they possess the nation). The word tarrefers to the ”rightful heir to the throne”,and the word cano refers to someonethat gives the orders (often elevated tocheiftain)

etymology: ΞAR- = have/holdsee also: cano, harya, tar

Haranye phr. name-centurylast year of a century in theNumenorean calendar (Appendix D)this year is the one in which was*not* a leap year - for the purposesof adjusting for the real year-length

harma n. treasure, tengwa #11(arch), possession This wordrefers to something that is not onlyowned, but treasured by someone.A valued possession. When re-ferring to ”treasure” in a generalsense (as in ”a pile of treasure”) useharwe. WRT tengwar, it is the ar-chaic form later called aha

etymology: ΞRA0 = have/holdunusual conjugations: v : harya-see also: aha, harwe

harna adj. wounded HFs Courseharna- v. wound

etymology: from primitiveSKAR- Note: SK- become h- inQuenya

unusual conjugations: adj :harna

60 H

harwe n. wound, rent, tear (rent)etymology: Etym SKAR

harwe n. treasure, treasury Alarge amount or store of treasuredthings. use this when referring to ”apil of treasure” as opposed to one,single item of treasure (in whichcase use harma)

etymology: ΞAR = have/holdsee also: harma

harya- v. possess, have, ownRelated to harma = possessed ob-ject/treasure

etymology: ΞAR = have/holdharyon n. prince, heir (male) This

word is related to the concept ofpossession, however it is not clearwhether the prince is the valuedpossession or the heir is to gain pos-session of the valued treasure. Taryn- I like to think that the prince is thevalued treasure - and also the valuablestorehouse of treasureI like to think thatthe prince is the valued treasure - andalso the valuable storehouse of trea-suress

etymology: ΞAR- = have/holdunusual conjugations: synonym

: cundu, ingwehasta- v. mar To disfigure or in-

jure.HF’s coursehat- v. break-asunder

etymology: Etym SKAThauta- v. cease (temp), rest, take-

break Indicates someone that takesa momentary break in activity for arest. HFs course

etymology: KHAW = rest/lie atease

hec?(e) adj. forsaken, cast-out

Taryn - guessed from hecel = ”for-saken elves” (where the -el s an oft-used shorthand for elda ) and also hecil= ”forsaken one”

heca! interj. be gone!, stand aside!also with pronominal suffixes hecatdual and hecal pl. (WJ:364)

see also: ?hec?Heceldi phr. forsaken-elves,

group-elven WJ:371 - uses thesame base as hecil, especially ap-plied to the Eldar left in Beleriand

see also: elda, hec?hecil n. forsaken one, waif,

outcast, outlaw masc: hecilo,fem: hecile ”one lost or forsakenby friends, waif, outcast, outlaw”(WJ:365)

see also: hec?hehta- v. put aside, leave out, ex-

clude, abandon, forsake, castout WJ:365

helca adj. icy, icecold Comprae withringa which just means ”cold”

etymology: KHELEK = iceunusual conjugations: synonym

: ringaHelcar n. ices, name-place The In-

land Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxe, the GrindingIce between Araman and Middle-earth (SA)

see also: helcaHelcaraxe, helcaracse phr. jagged

fangs of ice Literally: ”Ice - jaggedfangs”. The Grinding Ice betweenAraman and Middle-earth (SA)

etymology: from helce + caracse= ice + jagged teeth

see also: helce, caracse

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helce n. iceetymology: KHELEK = ice

Helcelmar, Heceldamar phr.Land of Forsaken Elves,name-place Taryn - lit. ”Forsakenelves’ earth” The name used by theloremasters of Aman for Beleriand.(WJ:365)

see also: Heceldi, marhelle n. sky This seems to refer to the

blue vault above us, rather than thespecific terms meant for the differ-ent layers of the ”heavens”. It alsoexplains the related word: helwa =pale blue.

etymology: ΞEL = skyHelluin n. Sirius Taryn - don’t know

the basis of this translation, given thatSirius is red and luin means blue, per-haps it incorporates some form of as-similation... but I cannot find an appro-priate word for it yet. It could also bebased on hell e - in which case, wheredoes -uin come from?

helwa adj. pale-blue, sky-blue,pale Specifically rerfers to pale,sky blue (related to helle = sky),but can be used to describe othercolours as pale, referring to their be-ing light in colour. Contrast thisusage with neca = ”faint”, but alsowith vanya = ”fair” (beautiful orfair-complexion)

etymology: ΞEL- = skyhelyanwe n. rainbow, sky-bridge

Taryn - not sure exactly how thesewords combine into this compound,prhaps it is ”sky-bridged”?

see also: helle, yantahen [hend-]n. eye

etymology: KHEN-D-E = eyeunusual conjugations: dual :

henduhequa preposition. leaving aside,

not counting, excluding, ex-cept Taryn - note that the defini-tions here do not count the conjugation-version of ”except” - ie = ”but”, this maystill be a valid use, but I would useananta instead (WJ:365)

-her adj. master, lord Used todescribe somethings mastery oversomething, rather than simply asbeing ”master” eg ciryaher = ”ship-lord” or ”ship-master”. By contrast,heru is a stand-alone word.

etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess

see also: heruhera adj. cheif, principal, govern-

ing?, ruling? Taryn - Etym onlygives ”cheif, principal” and doesn’t gointo whether or not this is an adjectiveor whatever... this is what makes senseto me - that the word is adjectival anddscribes something as performing thefunction of being ”the cheif something”which I interpret here as: ”the governingsomething”. I could be way out and wel-come any alternatives (backed up bywhy).

etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess

heren n. order (group) ie ”an orga-nization of people united by a com-mon fraternal bond or social aim.”eg Heren Istarion ”Order of Wiz-ards” (UT:388)

heren n. fortune, fate, gover-nance Literally ”governance” and

62 H

listed as ”what is in store forone and what one has in store”Etym:KHER-

etymology: KHER- =rule/govern

Herendil phr. Fortune-friend,”Lucky”, masculine nameAlso known as Eadwine/Audoin,this is the son of Elendil LR:52, 56

see also: -dil, herenherenya adj. fortunate, wealthy,

blessed, rich Meaning anythingof good fortune

see also: heren, -yaheri n. lady, mistress, governess?

Feminine title of rulership used inthe same fashion as for heru butwith a feminine inflection.

etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess

see also: heruheru n. master, lord, governor?

Used when referring to one thatgoverns or is in control of some-thing. Is equally used of the captainof a ship (see -her) as for a politicalleader. Also found in names and ti-tles such as Herumor ”Black Lord”and Herunumen ”Lord of the West”(SA:heru)

etymology: KHER- =rule/govern/possess

see also: -herHerunumen phr. Lord-of-West A

title of Manwe (LR:47)see also: heru, numen

herince phr, diminutive?. little lady(UT:195) Taryn - is this from heru or isthere a feminine form: heru? , or possi-bly only just he-?

see also: heru,rincehilde, hildo n. follower, heir EO

unusual conjugations: v : hilya-Hildi phr. The Followers, Mortal

Men Another Elvish name of Mor-tal Men - referrring to their beingthe Second-born of Iluvatar, follow-ing the Quendi (WJ:387)

see also: hildeHildorien phr. follower’s-land

The land where Men first awoke,like the Elves did at Cuivienen SilmTaryn - constructed: hild e + norie ?

see also: hilde, noriehilya- v. follow

etymology: KHIL- = to followunusual conjugations: n : hilde

himya- v. cleave by, stick to,abide by To stick to something orremain true to someone/something.Compare with vor- = ”make apromise/give an oath”

etymology: KHIM- = stick,cleave, adhere

unusual conjugations: presenttense: adhering, sticking

hina vocative. child (voc) usedin the vocative to a (young) child,also hinya ”my child” for hinanya(WJ:403)

see also: hınahına, -hin n. child (n) (WJ:403)

unusual conjugations: pl : hinisee also: hina

Hıni Iluvataro phr. Children ofIluvatar Elves and Men - createdspecially by Iluvatar, rather thanwith the help of the Valar Silm

see also: hına,Iluvatarhir- v. find Taryn - I postulate that this

63

differs from tuv- as a more general form- finding of something that was lost, andnow is found, rather than finding some-thing new (ie discovering it) Nam

see also: tuv-Hirilonde phr. Haven-finder,

name-obj name of a ship (UT:192)see also: hir-,londe

Hırilorn phr. found-tree? Thisis the alterative name for the greatbeech-tree with three trunks, alsoknown as Neldorn = ”three tree”

see also: hir-?, ornehısie, hıse n. mist, fog Taryn - the

difference between the two seems to bethat when stated as a singular thing (eg”fog”) hıs e is used, whereas if it is a sin-gular plural (eg mists) where the mistsare one writhing mass, use hısi e

etymology: KIS-/KHITH-→ hıthi= fog/mist

Hısilome phr. Misty-twilight Lit-erally: Mist-night, or mist-gloom, itis also called Hithlum in Sindarin,and refers to an area to the North-West of the iron mountains, a lamdof shadow and gloom. (SA:hith)

see also: hısie, lomeHısime n. month #11, November

(Appendix D, SA:hith) Taryn - seemsto be related to hısie , see also my spec-ulations on -me

see also: hısiehiswa adj. grey Misty grey

etymology: KHITH- → khithwa =grey

hiswe ?. ? Taryn - This entry was listedunder KHIS-/KHITH- but unidentified. itwas listed as coming from khithme, butthat also was not identified. It was sand-wiched between (and thus presumably

related to) hıs e = mist and hiswa =grey. perhaps it is the long-lost word forsmoke?

etymology: KHITH- (mist) →khithme = ???

see also: hıse, hiswahlapu- v. blow, fly (in wind),

stream (in wind) to blow, streamor fly in the wind - as of spray blow-ing like streamers of foam off thetop of a foaming, crested wave...Markirya

hlar- v. hear Markirya. Compare withlasta- = ”listen”

hloce, loce n. snake, serpent,dragon (SA:lok-)

hlone n. sound as somethingheard - not as the ”material” sound(WJ:394)

hlonıte adj. phonetic From UT eghlonıti tengwi = phonetic signs

hlonıti tengwi phr. phoneticsigns (WJ:395)

see also: hlonıte, tengweho gram. from, away from Taryn -

Not sure if this is different to ho-, but Ihave a feeling that it is. This is the onelisted in Etym with -on

etymology: ΞO- = from, awayfrom

see also: ho-,-onho- gram. away, from, from

among The point of view beingoutside the thing, place, or groupin thought (WJ:368) Contrast withau- - especially between auciri andhociri. Also compare with the geni-tive ending -on

etymology: ΞO- = ”away-from,out-of”

64 H

see also: au-, -onhociri v (tr). cut off As in to cut of

a required portion, so as to have itor use it (WJ:365, 368) contrast withauciri

see also: auciri,ho-hon n. heart Refers to the physi-

cal heart, as opposed to indo whichrefers to the spiritual one

etymology: KHO-N = hearthopa n. haven, harbour Refers to

a ”small, land-locked bay” - pro-tected. The entrance to a bay likethis is londe.

etymology: KHOP = harboursee also: hopasse

hopasse n. harbourage A place ofshelter for ships, usually a small bayused as a haven

see also: hopa, -ssehore n. impulse Related to horta- =

”to urge on”, this refers to a forceacting to urge something on.

etymology: KHOR- = speed,urge on

see also: horeahorea n. impulsion Related to

horta- = ”to ugre on”, this refers toa mental force acting to urge some-one on. Compare with hore whichis a general ”impulsive force”

etymology: KHOR- = speed,urge on

see also: horehorme n. urgency Related to horta-

= ”urge on”, this is the senseof rush-ing onward following that action.It also appears related to orme =”haste” and ”rushing onward”

etymology: KHOR- = to urge on

see also: ormehorta- v. send-flying, urge, speed

To put in motion or send on it’s way.Taryn - Etym listed hortal e as = ”ur-gins”/”speeding” - which does look likeand unusual present tense form of thisverb. i have listed it as such, but I mayhave been mistaken.

etymology: KHOR- = set goingunusual conjugations: pr. tense :

hortalehosse n. army Taryn - Seems to be re-

lated to hosta - so this is assemblageof armed people? so what is -se andis it merely aassimilation of somethingelse? This word is from early ma-terial so may not be appropriate anymore.

hosta- v. gather, collect, assembleetymology: KHOTH- (gather) →

khotse = assemblyhosta n. assembly, crowd, host,

large number, large gatheringThese words are generally used ofa large number of people. Taryn -some forms I’ve implied from the verband noldorin words under this stem

etymology: KHOTH- (gather) →khotse = assembly

Hravani n. The Wild (pl), name-group, wild-men The name ofthe non-Edain Men (WJ:219) Taryn -seems to be related to hr ave = flesh?

hrave n. flesh (MR:349)hresta n. shore, beach ablative: hre-

stallo ”from (the) shore” in MarkiryaTaryn - another word for shore... what’sthe difference between them?

hrıve n. winter In the calendar of Im-ladris a precisely defined period of

65

72 days, but also used without anyexact definition (Appendix D)

hroa, hroa n. body In MR:330Tolkien notes that hroa is ”roughlybut not exactly equivalent to ’body’” (as opposed to ”soul”). The Incar-nates live by the necessary union ofhroa (body) and fea (soul) (WJ:405).

etymology: Changed by Tolkienfrom hrondo, in turn changed fromhron

hrota n. underground dwelling,cave-made, artificial cave,rockhewn hall (PM:365)

huan, hunen n. hound Comparewith huo = dog. Taryn - I’m not surewhat hunen means, but it is listed nextto this word in parentheses, so I tookit as the full version of this word, withhuan as the common way of saying it.

etymology: KHUG- (bark/bay)→ khugan = hound

see also: huohui, fui n. night Related to the word

huine = ”shadow”see also: huine

huine n. shadow, gloom, dark-ness specifically deep or heavyshadow. Also used for ”shadow” =Sauron (LR:56)

etymology: Etym PHUYsee also: fuine

huo n. dog While listed underKHUG- = ”bark/bay”. Taryn - It alsoappears related to the word huor e =courage, but whether this is intended ornot is speculation

etymology: KHUG- = bark/bayhuore n. courage Literally ”heart-

vigour”

etymology: kho-gore = heart +vigour

hwan n. sponge, fungushwarin adj. crooked HFs Coursehwarma n. crossbarhwerme n. gesture-code (WJ:395)

Taryn - some myth-background herewould be good

hwesta n. breeze, breath, puff ofair, zephyr?, tengwa #12 Re-garding the tengwa, it representsthe sound ”hw” - which is a breathof air. Appendix E

hwesta sindarinwa n. Grey-elven-hw, tengwa #34 Thistengwa also represents a breath ofair Taryn - can’t rem diff and meansliterally ”hw of [the] Sindarin [lan-guage]” (Appendix E)

see also: hwesta, Sindarin, -vahwesta- v. puff (v)

see also: hwestahwinde n. eddy, whirlpoolhyalma n. shell, conchhyand- v. cleave Taryn - from san-

gahyando = ”throng-cleaver”hyapat n. shore Taryn - yet another

word for shore...hyar- v. cleave

etymology: Etym SYADunusual conjugations: past

tense : hyandehyarmaite adj. left-handed

see also: hyarya, maitehyarmen, hyar- n. south, tengwa

#33 Hyarmen appears to be theproper noun, and the name of thetengwe, but hyar- is used in con-juctions of directions eg: hyarnusappears to be ”southWest” etc (SA,

66 H

SA:men) The origin of this word isbased on the association for Elvesfor the West. hyarmen Literallymeans ”left-hand place” and can beunderstood when you consider thefact that when you face to the West(ie toward Valinor) the South will beon your left.

etymology: KHYAR = left-handsee also: men

Hyarmendacil phr. South-victor,masculine name (Appendix A)

see also: dacil, hyarmenHyarmentir phr. south-watch The

name of a mountain. A more lib-eral translation might be: ”Southernwatching point” (SA)

see also: hyarmen, -tirhyarnus n. south-west

see also: hyar,nusHyarnustar phr. Southwestlands

South-western parts of Numenorsee also: hyarnus, -tar

hyarros n. south-eastsee also: hyar,ros

Hyarrostar phr. Southeastlands(UT:165)

see also: hyarros,-tarhyarya adj. left Contrast with: forya

= rightetymology: KHYAR = left-handunusual conjugations: antonym

: foryasee also: -ya

hyelle n. glassetymology: KHYELES (glass)→

khyelese = glasshyola- v?. trump (SD:419) Taryn - I

think this is a verb (given it’s ’a’ ending(note: - added by me)) but it could bethe noun ”a trump”

I

i article. the indeclinable definitearticle Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya,WJ:369, WJ:398; may may writtenwith or without a hymphen or spaceeg: i cirya i cilyanna or i-mar de-pending mainly on taste (as far asI can see). Occaisionally used as arelative pronoun: i ”the one/theywho” (both article and relative pro-noun in Cirion’s Oath): i Eru i orilye mahalmar ea: the One who isabove all thrones”, i harar ”theywho are sitting” Taryn - afaik, tech-nically this is ”the sitters” - the ”theyis an English gloss . Before a verb,i means ”the one(s) who, the onewho, those who”: i carir quettaromainen ”those who form wordswith voices” (WJ:391). Taryn - again:the formers of words with voices”?

etymology: I- = ”that”/ deicticparticle

-i gram. grammar-pluralisation-nouns-consonant-ending,grammar-pluralisation-verbs-pure, grammar-pluralisation-adjectives-e-ending, grammar-pluralisasion-adjectives-consonant-ending This is theregular plural ending for a nounending in a consonant. Contrastwith -r. Note, the only adjectives

that pluralise in this way are thosethat end with a consonant, orthose that already end in -e (inwhich case, the -e is removed andreplaced with -i (eg luine becomesluini)). Usually, adjectives formtheir plurals in -e

etymology: This is aparrently themore ”ancient” form of pluralisa-tion, stemming from primitive -I

see also: -li, -r, -ie-i gram. grammer-verbs-aorist-

suffixed The aorist is generallyformed in -ifor pure verbs, wherasfor a-stems you simply take thestem itself as the aorist form. Wherethe -i is final, however, it shouldbe comverted to -e. As for whenthe aorist is used, it is unclear. Inother languages, the aorist is usedto denote a ”timeless” or ”indefi-nite” action - often for an actionthat always occurs, or is habitualfor this person/thing etc. How-ever, Tolkiens writings confuse thisusage as sometimes the more stan-dard present-tense form is used inthis context. See HFs course for amore thorough discussion of all thewhens/whyfores of the aorist tense.HFs course. Taryn - I personally preferto use it in a case where (in English)to express a timeless or habitual action

67

68 I

and just ignore the other possibile uses.This seems fairly safe to me until we re-ceive more information.

etymology: in primitive elvish,the aorist was probably formed in -ı

see also: -e-ie gram. grammar-pluralisation-

adjectives-ea-ending adjectives,like verbs, must agree with theirnouns in number. An adjective usu-ally pluralises by removing the fi-nal vowel and replacing with -e, un-less the adjective already ends in e(in which case it pluralises in -i) or -ea (in which case the -ea is removedand replaced by -ie). An adjectiveending in a consonant is rare, butwe guess it also pluralises in -i

etymology: Pluralisation of ad-jectives used to be done by the addi-tion of -i. For example: lantai. Then-ai become -e (thus why we mustremove the a and replace with -e).But and adjective ending with -eawould become -eai - which wouldhave become -ee, thus it became -ie

see also: -e, -i-ie gram. grammar-tense-perfect

The perfect tense has no direct En-glish equivalent, but is used in En-glish with supporting words suchas ”has ” or ”have ”. It is used todescribe an action that occured inthe past, but has some sort of ongo-ing nature or is still relevant to thepresent. For example: ”the guestshave eaten” or ”I have come”. Thelatter being present in Elendil’s dec-laration as: ”utulien”. As is evi-dent in this word, the perfect tense

is formed by addition of -ie butalso a lengthening of the stem vowel(where acceptable) and the additionof the stem-vowel augment. Note:for verbs beginning with a vowel,the entire syllable may be used asthe augment (thus ora- becomesororie). A-stem verbs lose the a be-fore the application of -ie. A verbending in -yawill also drop the y(thus hanya- becomes ahanie) bothfor reasons of euphony. Note alsothat the perfect tense must agree innumber with the subject, thus be-ing ”pluralised” usually by additionof -r when referring to a plural sub-ject. note also taht it is valid to usethe word without the augment forphonological reaons and this is of-ten employed in poetry where themeter requires.

-ie ?. ? Taryn - I’m not sure if this is stillvalid quenya... I will come back to thisone when I’m done with the course] (1)infinitive (or gerundial) ending, attestedin enyali e, q.v. (CO) [taryn - a gerundis where a verb has been made into anoun, such as ”we admired the choir’ssinging” - where singing is an object re-ferred to, rather than used as a verb

il- ?adj. not A prefix for use incompounds such as Ilcorin = ”notfenced”

etymology: LA- (no/not) →[vocalic]l-→ il-

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : la, ume

see also: la-il adj. ones? Taryn - another guess

based on hecil = ”forsaken ones” andprobably based on the plural form of

69

hec (heci) and the ending -l - thiscould also account for the other possi-ble meaning - luinil = ”blue one?” - notethis is all highly speculative! It couldeven possibly be related to Ilm- whichrefers to the region where the stars are(esp as refrring to luinil and carnil )

ilca- v. gleam specifically gleamingwhite Markirya eg axor ilcalannar =”on bones gleaming”

Ilcorin phr. outside the fence,name-place Literally meaning”not fenced”, this refers to the landsoutside of Doriath (In the Ilkorintongue, called Eglador) especiallyapplied to West Beleriand, wherethere was a considerable dwellingof dark-elves.

etymology: From a combinationof LA = ”not” with AR = without +corin = ”circular enclosure/fence”

Illuin phr?. ?-blue?, name-obj Thename of one of the Lamps of theValar; apparently incorporating theelement luin ”blue” (Silm) Taryn -but what is Il-? - this continues to eludeproper translation...

see also: -il?, luineilma n. starlight

etymology: GIL- = to shine whiteIlmare phr. high-airs-dweller?,

name-maia Taryn - lit: high-airsdweller? The name of a Maia,obivously incorporating Ilm-

see also: ilm-, marIlmarin phr. high-airs mansion,

name-place ”The mansion of thehigh airs”, was the dwelling ofManwe and Varda upon Oiolosse(SA)

see also: ilm-,marilme? high airs, sky-planetary distance,

space-solar-system?. This stem ap-pear in Ilmare, and refers tothe region above the air wherethe stars are.

unusual conjugations:ilqua n. everything (FS) Com-pare with ilya which can be used ei-ther as the noun ”all/everything” oras an adjective ”all ”

see also: ilquen,ilyailquen n. everybody (WJ:372)

unusual conjugations: il, quensee also: ilqua

Ilu n. World (the), all Taryn - notsure how this differs from Ambar giventhat Iluvatar means ”all-father” perhapsit more rightly mean ”All” (referring to allcreation) wheras Ambar simply refersto this world? a difference between ”theuniverse” and ”earth”? (FS, LR:47, 56)

etymology: IUL- = universesee also: Ambar

Iluvatar n. All-father, God (FS)see also: iluve,atar

iluve n. whole, Alliluve n. allness, All In Iluvatar ”All-

Father”. (SA; WJ:402, MR:471)ilya n. all, the whole (LR:47, 56;

SD:310)etymology: IL- = all

ilya adj. every, all Nametymology: IL- = allsee also: ilya

-ima ?. ? Taryn - will get back to thisonce I’m trhough the course adjecti-val suffix. Sometimes it is used toderive simple adjectives, like van-ima ”fair” or calima ”bright”; it can

70 I

also take on the meaning ”-able”, asin uquetima ”unspeakable” (fromquet- ”speak”; note that the stem-vowel is lengthened in the deriva-tives where -ima means ”-able”).”X-ima” may mean ”apt to X”, as inFırimar ”mortals”, literally ”thoseapt to die” (WJ:387)

Imbar n. Habitation, Earth,name-place, solar-system?”The habitation” also ”the principalpart of Arda” (= the Solar System)(MR:337, also WJ:419 note 29) Taryn -stil a bit confused about this - will comeback to it

see also: Ambar, Ardaimbe prep. between (Nam,

RGEO:67)ime gram. -able Taryn - not sure about

this - guessed from unotim eımen ?. ? Taryn - given uncertainty in

given explaination I’ll get back to this aword occurring in FS, translated ”inthem” (ar ilqua ımen ”and all [thatis] in them”). Probably not valid inmature Quenya.

in [ind-?]n. mind UT-in ?. ? Taryn - all grammatical words

I’m leaving til I finish the course dativepl. ending, seen in eldain, fırimoin,q.v.

-ina gram. passive participle: a-stem verbs The passive participlefor an a-stem verb is formed withthis suffix. The passive participle iswhere a verb has become an adjec-tive. eg hasta- = ”to mar” becomeshastaina = ”marred” HFs course

-ince diminutive. little, diminutiveeg herince = little woman. Note

pluralisation: cirinci.indil n. lily, single-flower Can be

used to refer to any large, singleflower. Adopted and adapted fromValarin. (WJ:399)

indis n. bride, wife More appropri-ately bride - but a woman can be re-ferred to as ”my bride”. (UT:8) Taryn- I wonder if it is related to indo = ”heart”

see also: vesseindo n. heart, mood Refers to the

spiritual heart as opposed to honwhich refers to the physical one. Italso refers to moods, based on feel-ings of the heart. Taryn - is this thesame as what we refer to as ”feelings”or the general mind-spaces we refer toas ”moods”?

etymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,heart, wish

indo-mareo n. heart of the house,fire, hearth? translated into a ma-ture form from early ”Qenya” ver-sion: ”hondo-maren”

see also: indo,mar-indyo n. grandchild, descen-

dant-inen ?. ? Taryn - all grammar I’m leav-

ing until I’ve finished the course in-strumental pl. ending. In omainen(WJ:391)

inga n. first, foremost, top, peakThis s the general word that refersto the first and foremost of things -either the highest peak of a moun-tain or the princes of elves and men(ingwe). More specific words areavailable for each of these circum-stances (eg minya = ordinal one =first and aicasse = mountain peak),

71

but this is for the general situationTaryn - I can imagine it being used ina more emphatic sense then the purelydescriptive specific words. .

etymology: ING- =first/foremost

see also: ingweingaran n. high-king (PM:340)

see also: aran, ingaIngole n. Science, Philosophy,

lore, knowledge? This refersto science etc as a whole PM:360;WJ:383

etymology: from primitiveingole” = ”lore”

ingolemo n. sage, wise one,wizard, lore-master, scientist?Specifically refers to one with verygreat knowledge, a ’wizard’, ap-plied only to great sages of the Eldarin Valinor, like Rumil (PM:360)

see also: Ingole,-moingolmo n. lore-master Taryn - com-

pare with ingolemo - what is differencewith the e? (WJ:383)

see also: Ingoleingor n. mountain-summit, sum-

mit (PM:340)see also: inga

Ingwe n. prince, chief, masculinename This word means approxi-mately ”first among men”, thus itis used for Princes and Cheifs, butcan also simply be used in a famil-iar way. (PM:340)

etymology: ING- + WEG-E =”foremost” + ”manly/masculine”

unusual conjugations: synonym: cundu, haryon

Ingwer n (pl). Chieftains This was

used by the Valarin to refer to them-selves. This is an irregular pluralconstruction in later Quenya, how-ever, more normally being Ingwi

see also: Ingwe, -rIngwe Ingweron phr. Chief of the

chieftains This was the proper ti-tle of Ingwe as high king (PM:340)

see also: Ingwe-inqua gram. grammar-adjective-

from-noun, full This is the adjec-tival ending, turning a noun into anadjective. It is seen in words likealcarinqua = ”glorious” (WJ:412)from alcar ”glory”. Taryn - I am notsure if this is a universal usage as En-glish has many such ending for differentsituations . Etymologically, -inquameans ”-full”, like ”glory-full” inthis case.

intya n. guess, supposition, ideaetymology: INK- = to guess

intya- v. guess, suppose, hypoth-esise? To formulate a possible idea.

etymology: INK- = guessintyale n. imagination That with

which to think/guess/supposeetymology: INK- = to guesssee also: intya-

inwisti n. mind-mood (MR:216,471) Taryn - not sure if this is a feelingor emotion or something else entirely -will wait til I see confirmation

inya adj. female Used when refer-ring to something that is female.Compare with the word nı whichrefers to something that ”is” a fe-male (though this is an archaic wordand hardly used) or nis = ”woman”.Also contrast with hanwa = ”male”

72 I

(adj)etymology:unusual conjugations: n:nı,

antonym:hanwasee also: hanwa, nı, nis

-inyaetymology: -nyaunusual conjugations:

inye pron. I the emphatic formof ”I” used when you are speakingabout ”I in particular” Taryn - I’mguessing the emphatic is the quenyaequivalent of the Gaelic ”fein”

-ion gram. grammar-genitive-plural This is known as the geni-tive pl. ending , making a noun intoa reference to the fact that some-thing comes of the noun: eg HerenIstarion = ”Order of Wizards” Taryn- will get back to it when I get to that inthe course

ıre conj. when This is used as a re-lational word, not the questioningform. Taryn - eg ”x is done when yhas happened” or ”when the moon hasrisen...” (FS)

ıre n. wish, desireetymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,

heart, wishunusual conjugations: adj:ırima

ırima adj. lovely, desirable FSetymology: ID- → ıdı = desire,

heart, wishunusual conjugations: n:ıre

ırisse phr. lovely-woman, femi-nine name (PM:345)

see also: ırima, -isseIrmo n. desirer, Vala The name

of the Vala normally called Lorien,(though Lorien is properly the place

where he dwells) (WJ:402)see also: ıre, -mo

Isil n. Moon NB no article is usedif talking about ”The moon” (FS;SA:sil, Appendix E, SD:302)

etymology: I + THIL = ”thesheen” and also I + SIL = ”the silver-light”

Isildi phr. moon-stuff? The metalthat reflects only moonlight andstarlight (referred to in LotR andused to mark the gates of Moria)

see also: IsilIsildur phr. moon-servant, mas-

culine name The heir to thethrone of Gondor in the last days ofthe 2nd age. It was Isildur that cutthe ring form the finger of Sauron,but also was enslaved by it andcaused it to be lost. SA:sil, AppendixA

see also: -dur,Isilisilme n. moonlight occurring in

Markirya; MC:215see also: Isil,-me

Isilya n. day #3 The third day of theEldarin six-day week, dedicated tothe Moon (Appendix D)

see also: Isil-isse gram. grammar-feminine-

ending A feminine ending, as inırisse (PM:345) Taryn - I’ve beenguessing it as ”woman” but maybe it’snot so specific as that...

ista- v. knowetymology: IS- = to knowunusual conjugations: past

tense : sinteIstar n. Wizard from Heren Istarion

”Order of Wizards” (UT:388) Taryn -

73

I got this from the Corpus Wordlist andi am leery of it - given that you can’thave ”one Istar” when it’s in the plu-ral. I think maybe ”Istarion” means ”ofknowledges”, and doesn’t refer specifi-cally to it’s members, in which vase ”Is-tar” means ”knowledges” - as it appearsto do, and thus has nothing specificallyto do with referringt o a wizard.

istima adj. wise, learned, knowl-edeable Refers to someone thathas great Knowledge. Taryn - Notethe i - it really isn’t a plural of ista- - soI’m interested to see how it’s formed

etymology: IS- = to knowsee also: ista-

Istimor phr. The Wise, NoldorThis is a name referrring to theNoldor as ”The Wise”. Taryn - I don’tknow why they were considered wise. Ialso find the pluralisation strange a- toor ?

see also: istima, -ristya n. knowledge Taryn - There ap-

pears no differentiator in Etym betweenthis and ista .

etymology: IS- = to knowsee also: ista

istyar n. scholar, learned manOne who studies knowledge Taryn -but how does pluralising make it into anagential form? What does -ya do any-way?

see also: istya, -rita- [iti]v. sparkle This is the act

of sparkling note there is also theact that causes an object to sparkle:tinta (SA:ril, PM:363)

unusual conjugations: n : tinwe,causative : tinta

see also: ıta, tinta, tinwe

ıta n. flash (PM:363)itila v (active). twinkling, glinting

Taryn - I feel this is most likely just theactive participle of ita- (see -la) whichwould mean that ita- has a stem formof iti- - but I have to confirm this beforesupposing that - it may be that sparkleand twinkle are two separate things inquenya - sparkle being many lights andtwinkle/glint being a succession of sin-gle flashes.

see also: ita-Itaril, Itarille, Itarilde phr.

sparkling flame, name-femAll variants of the same femalename, Sindarized as Idril (PM:346,348; SA:ril) Taryn - I theorise thisas ”sparkling flame” but could be”sparkling fire” or even ”sparking fire”- also: not sure what the ending -demeans

see also: ita-, ril, -le-iva, -ive ?. ? Taryn - I know posses-

sives are in the course so I’ll leave thisuntil I read that section plural pos-sessive ending in Eldaiva, Eldaive(WJ:369)

L

-l gram.see also: -lye

-la gram. grammar-active-participle This suffix is usedto turn a verb into an adjective -in conjunction with stem-vowel-lengthening and the possibleaddition of an intervening vowel.The resulting adjectivised-verb isusually known either as an activeparticiple or a past participle (asomewhat misleading term whichmeans I tend to use the former).For a-stem vowels, the stem-vowelis lengthened (if possible) and thesuffix added (eg mapa- becomesmapala). For non-a-stem vowelsan intervening vowel is addedbetween the verb-stem and the suf-fix. It would be my advice to addthe stem-vowel, but the attestedforms are so-far non-existant (egtul- becomes tulula). Itseems tobe that if the vowel-lengtheningwould produce a sound that is notpermitted in Quenya (eg a longvowel before a consonant cluster)then it is not lengthened, but thereis no supporting doc for this - justsome examples that seem to be thisway Taryn - can’t rem which ones theyare .

la ?adj. no, not Taryn - I am unsure

about this as I was told this word didnot exist. In any case, I’ve left it in hereuntil I get confirmation that it has beenoverridden, as it is not listed in Etymas ”struck out”. I am not sure whetherit mean ”the lack of”, rather than ”no!”(in the imperative form). At this mo-ment your guess is as good as mine.I am also aware that this stem (LA-) causes interference with words de-scended from the stem G-LADA- .

etymology: LA- = no, notunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : il-,umesee also: lala-

la comparative. beyond, more-thanla has other uses, but can be usedin the comparative form of an ad-jective thus: ”A na calima la B” tomean ”A is bright beyond B” (orsubstitute adjective as appropriate)

lac- v. swallow Also related to thewrod lanco = throat

etymology: LAK- = swallowlahta- v. ? Taryn - no clue what this

word means - HF says it is ”not clearlyglossed” QL:50

unusual conjugations: pasttense : lahante

laice adj. acute, keen, sharp Alsoused of acuteness or keenness ofperception.

etymology: LAIK = acute, keen,

74

75

sharplaime n. shade The run-together

shadows or general state of shadow,either caused by casting of shadowsby objects or a dark night or en-closed room etc etc. tor efer to a spe-cific shadow or shade caused by asingle object, use leo

etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: leo

laiqua adj. greenetymology: LAYAK → laik-wa =

greenLaiquendi phr. Green-elves,

name-group Taryn - Not surewhat group of elves this refers to, possthe Teleri ? Interesting the infusionof laiqua into quendi... (WJ:385,SA:quen-/quet-)

etymology: Translated from Sin-darin Laegil, Laegelrim

see also: laiqua, quendilaira adj. shady Something covered

or enclosed in shade, or somethingthat is inherently shady (eg the areaunder trees

etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: laime

laire n. summer In the calendar ofImladris a precisely defined periodof 72 days, but also used withoutany exact definition (Appendix D)Taryn - seems to be related to laiqua= ”green” - pos a ref for the ”generic”green of lai?

laire n. poemetymology: GLIN = poem or lay :

related to LIN- = to singLairelosse phr. Summer-snow,

name-tree The name of a tree per-

haps with white flowers. (UT:167)Taryn - what tree? is there a more defi-nite ref?

see also: laire, losselaita- v. bless, praise From the fa-

mous phrase: a laita, laita te! An-dave laituvalmet! ... Cormacolin-dor, a laita tarienna ”bless them,bless them! Long shall we blessthem! ... [The] Ring-bearers, praise[them] to [the] height!” (LotR3:VI ch.4, translated in Letters:308)

laitale n. praising Isolated from Eru-laitale (UT:166, 436) Taryn - This isa nouned-verb... as yet I’m not sure ifthis is an unusual form or regular so willcome back and remove it if it is regular.

see also: laita, lelaive n. ointment, salve

etymology: LIB- → laibe = oint-ment

lala ?adj. not Taryn - see la for discus-sion

etymology: LA- = no/notsee also: la

lala- v. laugh Do not confuse withthe homonym that means ”deny”,which is descended from the stemLA- = no/not. PM:359

etymology: Etym G-LADAunusual conjugations: past

tense : landelala- v. deny Do not confuse with

the homonym that mean ”laugh”which is descended from the stemG-LADA

etymology: LA- = no/notLalwende, Lalwen phr. laughing

maiden, name-fem (PM:343)Taryn - this is listed as ”lalwende” - how-

76 L

ever. the consonant cluster ”lw” is non-standard and i don’t know if it is actuallyallowed

see also: lala-, wendelama n. ringing sound, echo Re-

lated to lamya- = ”to sound”, obvi-ousy bells can be sounded to causelama. To refer to ”a sound” in amore general way (not necessarily aringing one), use lamma.

etymology: LAM- = to soundsee also: lamma, lamya-

laman [lamn-]n. animal, beast,mammal usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptilesand birds (WJ:416) contrast withcelva which refers to all types of an-imals

unusual conjugations: pl : lamnisee also: celva

lamatyave n. sound-taste Refersto the individual pleasure inthe sounds and forms of words(MR:215, 471)

see also: lamma, tyavelamba n. tongue This word refers

to a physical tongue as part of thebody rather than a language whichis lambe (relating itself to the phys-ical version).

etymology: LAB- = licklambe n. tongue (lang), lan-

guage, tengwa #27 This is theusual word for ’language’ in non-technical/vernacular use. For ex-ample: Lambe Valarinwa = ”thevalarin tongue” (WJ:368, 394). Theformal word is Taryn - probablyquetil

unusual conjugations: synonym: quetil

Lambengolmor phr. Language-masters, linguists More prop-erly: ”Loremasters of Tongues”, aschool founded by Feanor (WJ:396)

see also: lambe, ngolmolamina adj. echoing

etymology: LAM- = to soundsee also: lama

lamma [lam-]n. sound This refersin general to a sound made bysomething.

etymology: LAM- = to soundlamya- v. to sound The exact nature

of this word is not made clear, butI presume it means to cause some-thing to make sound eg ”sound thehorns”.

etymology: LAM- = to soundlanco n. throat

etymology: LAK- = swallowlanda adj. wide Ued in a sens

of ”wide, open and empty” as inI Nori Landar = the wide/greatlands. (note: the use of r to pluralisean adjective ending in -a is an olderidea. Mature Quenya would nor-mally require an adjective like landato be pluralised as lande).

etymology: LAD- = widelango n. sword (broad), broad-

sword This is also used idiomati-cally for the prow of a ship.

etymology: LAG- = ?broad?lannat n. weft Taryn - There does not

seem to be a word for warp.etymology: LAN- = weavesee also: lanwa, lanya-

lanne n. cloth, tissue Presumably,anything material made throughweaving.

77

etymology: LAM- = weavesee also: lanwa

lanta n. fall A fall - when a person hasfallen

etymology: From DAT = falldown

see also: lanta-lanta- v. fall (Nam, RGEO:66)

etymology: From DAT = falldown

lanwa n. loom That which youweave upon. Weave = lanya-

etymology: LAN- = weavesee also: lannat

lanya- v. weaveetymology: LAN- = weave

lappa n. hem Refers to the hem of arobe Taryn - not sure if it could be thengeneralised

lapse n. babe, infant Taryn - I postu-late that this may mean something like”dribble” - due to it’s similarity to lapsa= the frequetative form of lav- = lick

etymology: LAP = babelar n (pl). ears A pair of ears, presum-

ably the singular would be la, butthis is not attested in Etym.

etymology: LAS- = listenlar n. league, pause A linear mea-

sure, 5000 rangar in length. Aranga is approximately 38 inches(96.4 cm), so a lar would be approxi-mately 5277 yards, two feet and fourinches (4826 m) - close enough to thelength of an English league (5280yards) to justify this translation. Thebasic meaning of lar is ”pause”; inmarches a brief halt was made foreach league. (UT:285)

lara adj. flat HFs course Taryn - is this inany way related to a lar?

etymology: From DAL = flatlarca adj. swift, rapid, fast Also re-

lated to alarca = ”rushing”etymology: LAK- = swift

lasse n. leafetymology: LAS = leaf

Lasselanta, lasse-lanta n. leaf-fall, Autumn, October This isused (as is quelle) for the latterpart of autumn and the beginningof winter (Appendix D, Letters:428);It is thus also used as an alternativename for October (PM:135).

unusual conjugations: dual : las-set

see also: lanta, lasse, lassewintalassemista phr. leaf-grey Another

name for the rown-tree of Quick-beam’s song LotR2:III ch. 4, trans-lated in Letters:224 - referring to thegrey-green leaves of a Rowan tree.

unusual conjugations: sys-nonyms : carnimıre, orofarne

see also: lasse, mistalassewinta n. leaf-scatter This is a

variant of lasselanta (PM:376)see also: lasse,winta-

lasta n. hearing, listening An abil-ity to listen/hear.

etymology: LAS- = listenlasta- v. listen compare with hlar- =

”hear”etymology: LAS- = listen

Lastalaica phr. sharp-eared,sharp-hearing Taryn - Not glossedas to whether it is a masculine orfeminine name

see also: laice, lastalatin(a) adj. open, clear/free of

obstacle, cleared (in ref to

78 L

land)etymology: LAT- = lie open

latta n. strap eg a leather strap hold-ing something.

etymology: LATH = string, thonglatta n. hole, pit Something to fall

intoetymology: From DAT = fall

downsee also: lanta-

latya- v. open ELFlauca adj. warm

etymology: LAW = warmlaume, lau no indeed not, on the

contrary Used for asking incredu-lous questions.

etymology: Comes directly from:la + ume = ”no” + ”not”

see also: la, umelaure adj. golden Refers to golden

light and colour, not of the metal,and, more specifically, to the light ofthe Golden tree Laurelin.

etymology: GLAW(-R)- =”golden”

laurea adj. golden, gold-likeRefers to golden light and colour,not of the metal.

see also: laureLaurelin phr. gold-dew? The name

of the Golden Tree of Valinor. Taryn- a guessed translation for -lin but itmakes sense given the context (SA,Letters:308)

see also: laure, -linLaurenande phr. Gold-valley Also

known as Lorien (UT:253) Taryn -what is the meaning of -de in this case?

etymology: laure, -nanunusual conjugations:

laurinque n. golden one Thename of a tree, more literally, itmeans ”Gold-full one” (UT:168).

see also: -inqua, laureLaurelindorinan phr. Valley

of Singing Gold, name-place An earlier name of Lorien(UT:253); From the entish name:laurelindorenan lindelorendormalinornelion ornemalin literally:”Goldenlight-music-land-valleymusic-dream-land of yellow-treestree-yellow”, Quenya elementsagglutinated in Entish fashion; thissupposedly means something like”the valley where the trees in agolden light sing musically, a landof music and dreams; there areyellow trees there, it is a tree-yellowland” (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated inLetters:308).

see also: laure, lind-, -nanlav- v. lick Can be used poetically to

mean cover as in Namarie (Nam)etymology: LAB- = lickunusual conjugations: past

tense : lave, frequentative : lapsasee also: lamba

lav- v. yeild, allow, grant To giveway and allow something, or tomake room for something to occur.

etymology: From DAB = giveway/make room

lavaralda n. name-tree some kindof tree Taryn - possibly ”yielding tree”?sounds like willow, but that’s tasar .”licking tree” would be interesting, butnot sure how :) (LR:57)

see also: alda, lav-?-lda ?. ? Taryn - leaving this one til

79

confirmed ”your” (sg.), possessivesuffix attested only in the phraseArwen vanimalda ”Arwen yourbeauty”, sc. ”O beautiful Arwen”,and in meletyalda ”your majesty”(WJ:369) Arwen vanimalda waschanged to Arwen vanimelda in thesecond edition of LotR, so Tolkienmay have decided to re-interpretthe phrase as ”Arwen, beautiful Elf(Elda)”. The ending for ”your” ap-pear as -lya elsewhere; -lda may beused in vocatives only. (LotR1:II ch.6)

-le gram. ? Taryn - seems to be some sortof ”verb to noun” or something - possi-bly ”adjective to noun” - can’t rem theexample now...

lehta adj. free, released as in lehtatengwe VT39:17, no doubt there isalso a secondary, noun-meaning tolehta as in sarda

lehta- v. loose, release, slackenTaryn - Both leuca and lehta- werelisted together with the gloss as”loose/slacken” - so I don’t knowwhether they both refer to the samething, or what the subtle difference is.

etymology: LEK- = set loosesee also: leuca-

lelya- v. go, proceed, travel Tomove in a direction. This is a highlyirregular verb.WJ:362

unusual conjugations: past t. :lende, active participle : elendie

lemba adj. left behind One whotarries adn stay’s behind while oth-ers go on - related to Lembi = theTeleri/Ilkorin that were left behindwhile the others went on the Vali-nor.

etymology: LEB-/LEM-(tarry/stay) → leb-na = left be-hind

Lembi n. Those left behind Theelves that were left behind as theothers went on to Valinor - generallyused of the Teleri and Ilkorin. Re-lated to lamba = ”left behind”

etymology: LEB-/LEM-(tarry/stay) → leb-na = left be-hind

lemnar n. The valarin week ”TheValian week had 5 days, dedicated(1) to Manwe: (Ar)Manwen (2)to Ulmo: (Ar)Ulmon (3) to Auleand Yavanna: (Ar)Veruen (of thespouses) (4) to Mandos and Lo-rien: (Ar)Fanturion Taryn - ?veil-controllers? (5) to the three youngergods: Osse, Orome and Tulkas:Nessaron or Neldion. The 73 weekswere divided into 12 months of 6weeks.” Etym:LEP-

etymology: LEP = fivelempe n. five cardinal five

etymology: LEP- = fivelende v (pa t). went, departed Past

tense of the general verb linna- =”to go”. This is the general formof the word, as compared to vanwawhich refers to things that have de-parted and will never return, orauta- which is used of things thatpass from mind, rather than physi-cally go.

etymology: LED- = go, travelunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : auta-, vanwaleneme phr. permitted, with

leave ie with permission granted.

80 L

Genitive: lenemeo = ”with leave of”(SD:246)

Lenwe ?. ?, name-masc? Taryn - isthere a translation? The leader of theNandor (Nandorin Denweg, primi-tive Denwego) (WJ:412)

leo n. shade, shadow Refers toa single shadow, or patch of shadecaused by the blocking of light by anobject. General, run-together shadeis laime

etymology: From DAY = shadowsee also: laime

lepse n. fingeretymology: LEP (five)→ LEPET

= fingerlerya- v. release, free, let-go HF:8lesta n. measure, measurement?

A word occurring in FS - this is ”ameasure” Taryn - not sure of exat-ness, but I’d guess something like ”tak-ing a person’s measure” as an example- possibly more like a ”measurement”

Lestanore phr. Doriath, name-place Taryn - not at all sure what ”Do-riath” is as a translation - I’m assumingthis is translated ”measure-land” or per-haps ”measured land” (WJ:369)

see also: lesta, noreleuca- v. loose, release, set-

free, slacken Taryn - Both leucaand lehta- were listed together with thegloss as ”loose/slacken” - so I don’tknow whether they both refer to thesame thing, or what the subtle differ-ence is.

etymology: LEK- = set loosesee also: lehta-

leuca n. snake (Appendix E)-li gram. plural suffix, many Plu-

ralises a word in such a way as to

denote a group or subsection of alarger group. For example: Eldarrefers to the larger group of Elves,wheras Eldali refers to a certaingroup of elves, or ”several elves”.Note: some people still do not trustthis definition enough to use it. Thisword is related to lie = a people-group = ”many people”

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : -i, -r

lıco n. wax This is the sticky sub-stance, rather than to do withmoons. (Markirya comments,MC:223)

lıcuma n. taper, candlesee also: lıco

lie n. folk, people, race, ethnic-group Note that this is a singu-lar word (regardless of it encom-passing many individuals) and thusverbs and adjectives are not plu-ralised when referring to it.

etymology: LI = manylin- adj. many-having A suffix often

used in compound words implyingthat there are many fo the subjectbelonging to the object. Related tothe partitive -li

see also: -lilillassea phr. many leaves From

ve tauri lillassie, lit. ”like many-leaved forests”, is translated ”likeleaves of forests” in MC:215

see also: lasse, lin-lilta- v. dance

etymology: LILT- = dancelimba n. drop Refers to a drop of

liquid (something that might drip)rather than the effect of droppingsomething.

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etymology: LIB- = to driplimpe n. wine The drink of the Valar.

Literally meaning just ”drink” ( as anoun)

etymology: LIP (unglossed)-lin n. dew?, mist?, falling-

water? Taryn - guessed from Lorellinbut perhaps this is related to the songof the Ainur? Water was meant to beclosest to the song... unfortunately thenthere’s laurelin which is the golden tree- but then that made a golden dew - per-haps this word bemans dew?

lin [lind-]n. music More precisely”a musical sound” (Letters:308)Taryn - what is the diff between thisand lır e?

see also: linda-, linde,lırelinda- v. sing HFs course

see also: lir-linda adj. beautiful, fair, sweet-

sounding Used especially of thevoice. When referring to looks, it isbetter to use vanya or vanima

etymology: LIND = fair (esp ofvoice)

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : vanima, vanya

lindale, lindele n. musicLindar n. Singers, name-group

what the Teleri called themselves(WJ:380, MR:349, UT:253)

linde n. air, tune, songetymology: LIN = to sing

lindele n. musicetymology: LIN- = to singsee also: linde

Lindi n. singers What the Green-elves called themselves; also used inExilic Quenya (WJ:385)

see also: Lindar

lindo n. singer, song-bird Gener-ally refers to a singing bird, a sen-tient singer is usually referred to asnyello

Lindon, Lindone phr?. Lindon,name-place Taryn - possibly a ”Lon-don” gloss? does it mean ”song-place”or something? (WJ:385)

see also: linLindorie phr. name-fem Perhaps

”She that arises in song” (compareMelkor ”He that arises in Might”)(Silm)

see also: linda-lindornea adj. oaked Having many

oak trees. Taryn - I am unsure of the et-ymology of this owrd, but it was glossedas such in the etymologies

linga- v. hang, dangleetymology: LING- = hang

lingwe n. fish Note also hala = ”littlefish”

etymology: LIW → linwi = fishunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : halalingweloke n. sea-dragon, sea-

serpent Literally ”fish dragon”see also: lingwe, loke

linna- v. go, fare, depart, travelThis is the general form of the word”go”, as compared to vanya whichrefers to depart and will never re-turn, or auta- which is used ofthings that pass from mind, ratherthan physically go, or lelya- whichrefers to travelling only.

etymology: LED- = go, travelunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : auta-, lelya-, vanya--linnar

etymology: -li,-nna,-r

82 L

unusual conjugations:linque adj. wet

etymology: LINKWI = wetlinta adj. swift (Nam, RGEO:66)linya n. pool

etymology: LIN = poollinyenwa adj. old, many-yeared

Please note that this word does notconnote weakness as Elves are im-mortal. The Noldorin word for thatis ingem = ”year-sick” Taryn - I’d likethis word translated into Quenya - pos-sibly ”yenenqwa” - though this seemstoo cumbersome

lipsa n. salveetymology: LIB- →GLIB → libda

= salvelir- v. sing, trill, chant

etymology: LIR- = sing/trilllıre [lıri-]n. song instrumental

lırinen ”in [the] song” or ”by [the]song” (Nam, RGEO:67)

see also: linlirulin n. lark (MR:238, 262) Taryn -

instrument of song? but is song = lin or?lır e?

see also: lir-,linlis, lissen [. l i

etymology: sunusual conjugations: -see also: s

]nhoneyLIS = honeylisse adj. sweet Nam Idionmatically

from lissen = ”honey”etymology: LIS = honey

litse n. sandetymology: LIT = sand

-llo ?. ? Taryn - this seems right butI won’t add it until I get to that part inthe course ablative ending, ”from”or ”out of”, e.g. sindanoriello ”out

of a grey land”, Romello ”from theEast”, Mardello ”from Earth” (FS)

-lma ?. ? Taryn - will leave this un-til I reach it in the course pronomi-nal ending ”our”, attested (with thegenitive ending -o that displaces fi-nal -a) in the word omentielmo ”ofour meeting”. This ”our” is pluralinclusive. Frodo (it seems) improp-erly used it in the greeting ”a starshines on the hour of our meeting”:Since he and the Elf he was speak-ing to constituted only two persons,he should have used the dual in-clusive instead. The correct formomentielvo occurs in some of themanuscripts of the Red Book. SeeLetters:447.

-lme ?. ? Taryn - will leavethis until I doit in the course pronominal endingfor inclusive ”we”, sc. ”we” includ-ing the person that is spoken to. Ex-emplified in laituvalmet ”we shallbless them” (lait-uva-lme-t ”bless-shall-we-them”) (LotR3:VI ch. 4,translated in Letters:308)

lo n. night A single night - referringto ”a night” such as one might referto ”a day” without meaning specifi-cally ”Night”

etymology: From DO = nightsee also: lome

loa, lo-? n. growth, year (sea-sonal) This word literally means”growth” but is generally used fora solar year when seasonal changesare considered (coranar is used infor the strictly astronomical sense)In PM:126 loa is translated ”time ofgrowth” and it is this year that is

83

generally split up into the seasons(as they are related to the differentstages of the growth cycle). Theyear began with yestare, the day be-fore tuile and ended with mettare,the day immediately after coire

loc- v. bend, loop (SA)loce [loci-]n. snake, serpent,

dragon Literally ”looped”etymology: LOK- = great serpentsee also: loc-

locse n. hair Taryn - Was Tolkien ob-sessed with hair? there are just somany words for it! what’s the differ-ence between them all? I can’t figureit out - i’ve guessed a few times (prob-ably incorrectly) and I’m just going tostop until I can be a little more certain.I have a vague idea that this really isa play on words - it is a ”lock” of hair- but who knows? it isnt glossed assuch, though there is a related wordthat means ”ringlet”. The word is ob-viously realtd to LOK- which seems torefer to something bent or looped, so alock of hair makes some sense in thiscase, but I’m sure there’s another wordfor it somewhere else...

etymology: LOKH- = hairloende phr. year-middle Refers

to the middle (183rd) day of theNumenroean year, inserted be-tween the months of Narie andCermie (June and July) (AppendixD)

see also: endealoico n. corpse, dead body

From loicolıcuma ”corpse-candle”in Markirya Taryn - I’dlike to knowwhere this word stems from - must get

to etymlome [lomi-]n. night, night-time,

gloom Refers to ”night” as a gen-eral material, rather than ”a night”in particular (which can be referredto simply as lo).

etymology: From DO → primi-tive dochme

lomea adj. gloomy in Lomeanor”Gloomyland”

see also: lomelomelinde phr. nightingale Lit-

erally means ”dark-song” or even”night-song”

etymology: lome (dark) + linde(song)

Lomion phr. dusk-child, twilight-child ”The Child of Twilight[dusk]” is the Quenya name Ared-hel secretly gave to Maeglin SA

see also: lomelona adj. dark Taryn - or is it the noun

”the dark”?etymology: From DOsee also: lome

lone [lono-]n. island Refers to anypiece of land alone, remote or hardto reach.

etymology: LONO- = ?alonesee also: Avallone

londe n. narrow pass, strait orpath generally used idiomaticallyof the entrance to a harbour as a”road in the sea”, thus: Alqualonde

etymology: LOD → londe =strait/pass

lore n. slumber, sleepetymology: LOS- = sleep

loren, lor- n. dream (Letters:308)Taryn - but how does this relate to

84 L

olos ? perhaps this is a dream assleeping-dream, whereas olos is awaking-dream or vision? or perhapsolos is more a Dream, than a dreamespecially as it seems to be closely re-lated to lorna = ”sleep”. I speculatethat this word may in fact be the verb”sleep” rather than ”dream”... I’ll haveto recheck the reference.

see also: olosLorellin phr. dream-lake More

literally ”slumber-lake”, this is thename of the lake where the ValieEste sleeps; (Silm)

see also: loren, -linLorien n. ?slumberer This is the

name of a Vala, but more properlythe place where he dwells, while hisreal name is Irmo (WJ:402) Taryn -Not sure exactly what it means, butit is obviously related to lor e = slum-ber/sleep

see also: lorelorna adj. asleep

etymology: LOS- = sleepsee also: lore

losse n. blossom technically refers tosmall, massing blossoms, but, dueto it’s close association with olosse(snow), it is generally used only ofwhite blossoms. Taryn - Though Ihave some speculation that this relationflows both ways.

etymology: LOT(H) = flowerlote n. flower A single, large flower.

For small or massing flowers, uselosse (though this is generally usedof white blossom).

etymology: LOT(H) = flowerLotesse n. May, month #5 The fifth

month of the year, ”May” (Appendix

D). this word obviously refers toMay as a time of ”flowering”.

see also: esse, lote-lme pron. we the pronoun-ending

meaning a group including oneselflu n. a time/occaision Taryn - Possi-

bly can refer to a time or date set for anoccaision.

etymology: LU = timeluce n. enchantment Taryn - possibly

interchangeable with ”magic” also, butnot specifically glossed as such

etymology: LUK =magic/enchantment

unusual conjugations: v : luhtaluhta- v. enchant

etymology: LUK =magic/enchantment

unusual conjugations: n : luceluine, luin adj. blue Nam, RGEO:66.

In Helluin, name of the star Sirius,and Luinil, name of another blue-shining star (or planet). (SA; Luinilis tentatively identified with Neptune,MR:435)

unusual conjugations: pl : luiniLumbar n. name-planet, Sat-

urn? Refers to a star (or planet),tentatively identified with Saturn(MR:435), evidently connected tolumbo, lumbule (Silm)

lumbe n. gloom, shadow Taryn -There are a number of words glossedas such - I haven’t yet the under-standing to discriminate between them,though comparing with the Noldorin off-shoots of this root, I’d say it was trulyaligned with ”shadow” wheras numer-ous others are more closer to dark-ness. Compare also with lumbul ewhich refers to heavy shadow.

85

etymology: LUM =gloom/shadow

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : lumbule, lome

lumbo n. cloud Taryn - I would guessthis refers specifically to dark cloud -probably storms. This given that lum-bul e means shadow Markirya

see also: lumbulelumbule n. shadow refers

to heavy/dark shadow Nam,RGEO:67

lume n. darkness Markirya Taryn -probably a mistaken refernce to lumb e

lume n. hour, time Allativelumenna ”upon the hour”, elidedlumenn’ in the greeting elen sılalumenn’ omentielvo because thenext word begins with a similarvowel. The complete form lumennaomentielvo is found in WJ:367 andLetters:424.

etymology: LU = time?lumequentale n. history, chrono-

logical account Taryn - It’s notglossed in Etym, but my guess is thatthis is a told or remembered history - asopposed to the generic ”History”.

see also: lume, quentalumequentale n. history Taryn -

The specifics of this are not noted inEtym. but I am assuming that thismeans ”History” as opposed to ”a his-tory” = a written, told or rememberedhistory = lumequenta

see also: lume, quentalelumna adj. burdensome, oppres-

sive, ominous, heavy Oftenused of cloud-cover

etymology: From DUB = lie

heavysee also: lumna-

lumna- v. lie heavy, loom This isa stative verb basically meaning ”tolie heavy” or ”to hang over oppres-sively” and is often used of heavycloud.

etymology: stem DUB- = lie, lieheavy

lune adj. blue Taryn - A far cry fromluin - which seems to be Doriathrin per-haps? I’ll need to figure out what’s go-ing on here sometime...

etymology: LUG → lugni = bluelunga adj. heavy

etymology: LUG = heavyLunoronti phr. Blue mountains

Presumably this is the range to thefar West of Eriador.

see also: lune, oronlunte n. boat Likely to refer to a

small craft, rather than a ”cutter”style ship = cirya

etymology: LUT- = float/swimunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : ciryalusta adj. void, empty I presume

the refernce to ”void” refers only tosomething empty, and not to a com-plete absence of anything (referredto by cuma)

etymology: LUS = emptyunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : cumaluva n. bow Taryn - The weapon is

quinga and to refer to something bentor bow-shaped, use cu so i don’t knowwhere this one comes from... (Ap-pendix E)

-lva ?. ? Taryn - leaving this ala allthe other grammatical bibs and bobs

86 L

til I’ve reached that point in the coursepronominal ending, ”our”, of twopersons where one addresses theother (Letters:447). Only attested inthe genitive -lvo in the word omen-tielvo (see -lma). For this reasonit has been argued that the endingmay actually be -lwa, since thereis some evidence that wo wouldchange to vo in Quenya and the w of-lwa could be derived from the dualending -u. (FG)

-lya ?. ? Taryn - leaving it as always untilI reach this point in the course... seemsto be the possessive pronoun ”your”rather than ”you” pronominal suffix”thy, your” in tielyanna ”upon yourpath” (UT:22 cf. 51)

see also: -lye-lye, -l pron. you (plural), thou

(polite) 2nd person plural ”youall” or Polite Second person singu-lar: ”thou” eg: hiruvalye ”thoushalt find” (Nam, RGEO:67) Notethe full form -lye is usually onlyused either in polite speech, orwhen another suffix must be addedto the end (esp when there is botha subject and object pronoun on thesmae word as in mellyen = ”youlove me”)

see also: -nye

M

ma, man interrogative. who Taryn -obviously this is a little hazy as yet soI’ll get back to it as I’m sure the coursewill cover this Nam cf. PM:357 note18, where a reference is made to theEldarin interrogative element ma,man. However, man is translated”what” in LR:59. Either Tolkienlater adjusted the meaning of theword, or it covers both ”who” and”what”.

ma n. handetymology: MAΞ→ maΞ = handunusual conjugations: dual :

matsee also: maite

mac- v. cut, hew, cleaveetymology: MAK- = cleave (with

sword)Macalaure n. Gold-cleaver This

is the mother-name (never used innarrative) of Canafinwe = Maglorin Sindarin - he fifth son of Feanor(PM:353)

see also: laure, mac-macar n. swordsman, cleaver?

from Menelmacar Taryn - Perhapswould be usable to make the word”wood cutter”

see also: macil, mehtarmacar n. tradesman One engaged

in commercial activity - related tomanca- = ”to trade”

etymology: MBAKH- = exchangemacil n. sword Related to mac- = cut

etymology: MAK- (cleave withsword)→ makla = sword

see also: mac-, macar, maicamacsa adj. soft, pliant Glossed in

reference to making dough - butcould also be general in nature.

etymology: MASAG = knead,make soft by rubbing

see also: macsemacse n. dough As a sub-

stance made soft and pliant throughkneading.

etymology: MASAG =knead/make soft through rub-bing

see also: macsamahalma n. throne locative pl. ma-

halmassen in Cirion’s Oath. (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarin.Mahan n. ? Refers to one of the eight

chiefs of the Valar (Adopted andadapted from Valarin, but usuallytranslated as Aratar) Mahanaxarthe ”Doom Ring” of Aman; adoptedand adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)Taryn - I’m still to confused by this oneto untangle it today - this word wouldseem to me to be ”mahan-bones” tome - possibly the ”ring” is just an En-glish gloss for a committee of influential

87

88 M

people and the Quenya term refers toa skeleton - which makes some senseto me. but this would leave mahan tomean doom... which wasn’t preciselyspecified here so I’ll have to look thisup to check

mahta- v. handle, feeletymology: MAΞ (hand)→maΞ-

ta = ”to handle”mahta- v. weild a weapon, fight

Blended somewhat with the otherform of mahta-

etymology: MAK- (cleave) →makta = wield a weapon

mahtar n. fighter, warrior Morethe former than the latter (which ismore literally translated with ohtar)

etymology: MAK- (cleave) →makta = wield a weapon

Maia n. Beautiful (the) (MR:49), thelesser (= non-Vala) Ainur that en-tered Ea.

maica adj. sharp, piercing eg hen-dumaica = ”sharp eyes” (SA:maeg)

see also: macilmaile n. lust Presumably this is more

likely to refer to desire and greed(related and referred to with milme)rather than being of a specificallysexual nature (as the modern defini-tion geenrally means)

etymology: MIL-IK- = de-sire/greed

unusual conjugations: adj :mailea

see also: milmemaite adj. handed Used when

referring to properties of hands -eg Angamaite, morimaite, Telem-maite, but also coud be used for”heavy handed”

see also: matmaite [maisi-]adj. handy, skilled

etymology: MAΞ (hand) →maΞiti = handy

Maitimo phr. well-shaped onemother-name (never used in nar-rative) of Nelyafinwe = Maedhros(PM:353) Taryn - not sure how thisis created - mait e means handed, sohow does this create shaped? perhapssculpted?

maiwe n. gulletymology: MIW- = whin-

ing/mewlingsee also: aiwe

malda n. gold This is the word thatrefer to the actual metal. Comparewith laure which refer to goldenlight.

malda comparative. more HFs coursemalina adj. yellow (Letters:308)Malinalda phr. Yellow-tree A

name of Laurelin SA:mal- evidentlymalina + alda The translation ”Treeof Gold” in the Silmarillion Indexis free; malina means ”yellow”, not”gold(en)”.

see also: alda, malinamalinorne, mallorn phr. yellow-

trees Malinornelion is partitive pl.genitive of malinorne (Sindarisedas ”mallorn”) UT:167

unusual conjugations: pl : mali-norni

malle n. street, roadetymology: MBAL = street

mallorn This is a Sindarin word. Thequenya word is mallinorne

see also: mallinornemalo n. friend Glossed as an ”irreg-

89

ular vocalism”, this word is relatedto the word mel- (platonic love).

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriend)→ malo

see also: mel-malta, mal- n. gold, tengwa #18

(Appendix E)mama n. sheep in the singlar -

(WJ:395)mamil, amil n. mother Taryn -

is amil a familiar form = ”mummy”?(UT:191)

mana ?. what is Taryn - to go in samecategory as man at present - ie I’ll getback to it A word translated ”whatis” in the sentence mana i-coimasEldaron ”what is the coimas of theEldar?” (PM:395, a variant reading inPM:402) Either it is ma ”what” + na”is”, or mana may itself be a unitaryword ”what”, and there is not reallyany word meaning ”is” in the sen-tence.

mana, man- adj. blessed, good,pure, unmarred (FS)

manar ?. doom/fate etc As formande, not glossed. Taryn - I don’tknow what form this word is in so i don’tknow the exact translation...

etymology: MANAD =fate/doom/fortune

see also: mandemanca- v. trade To swap, buy or oth-

erwise perform commercial activityetymology: MBAKH- = exchange

mancale n. commerce The trade orexhange of goods/credit...

etymology: MBAKH- (exchange)+ -le

manda n. prison, gaol, duress,

doometymology: MBAD =

prison/doomsee also: Angamanda

mande n. doom, final end, fate,fortune (final bliss) Though notspecifically glossed as such, thisword came directly under the stemand seems to have the basic form

etymology: MANAD =doom/fate/final end etc

see also: manarMando n. The Imprisoner,

The Binder Generally lengthenedto Mandos = ”dread imprisoner”.Also known as Namo and Mori-mando (the latetr when MBAD iscombined with MAN (spirit))

etymology: MBAD (gaol) + ?”-o”see also: Mandos

Mandos, Mandosse phr. DreadImprisoner, The Binder Theshort form is generally used. Hisreal name is Namo (WJ:402)

etymology: MBAD (prison) +osse = ”dread”

see also: Mando, osseMandos, Mandost phr. Cas-

tle of Custody MR:350 The con-tracted form, is also used of theVala (though is actually a contractedform of Mandosse), but the fullform of this word is the place wherehe dwells.

see also: Mandosmanen ?. how Taryn - unsure if this

is the prepostion or whatever - will getback to it (PM:395)

manu n. departed spirit One whohas departed from life and become

90 M

a spiritetymology: MAN- = a spirit (ei-

ther departed or unborn)Manwe n. Blessed Being, holy

spirit This vala was in charge of theair and winds.

etymology: MAN = holy-spirit(unborn or dearly departed) + -weOR Valarin: Manawenuz

Manwen, Armanwen n. Week-day #1 of the Valian week Thestart of the Valian week, dedicatedto Manwe. The word for week islemnar.

see also: Manwemapa- v. grasp, seize

etymology: MAP = lay a hold ofwith a hand

unusual conjugations: pasttense : mampe

maquet- v. ask Taryn - seems to be”question-speak” or something similar(PM:403)

see also: ma,quet-mar n. earth earth as a substance and

”element” rather than ”The earth”(which is Ambar) ablative Mardello”from earth” (FS)

mar, -mar n. home, house, landof persons or peoples; also appear-ing as -mar in such words as Val-imar. Properly referring to wherea person/people abides so can thusencompass the small and large.

etymology: from mbarsee also: mar-

mar-,-mar v. abide, settle, fix-oneself UT:317 eg maruvan ”Iwill abide” (EO) Also in nameslike Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil (SA:bar)

mara adj. useful, fit, good Gener-ally used of things to express theirfitness and usefulness

etymology: MAG- (handle, use)→ magra = useful

maranwe n. destiny Taryn - Howdoes Tolkien differentiate between fateand destiny? The only difference I canfind is that fate often refers to just the fi-nal end-point - whereas destiny alwaysencompasses the whole of the path toget there also.

etymology: MBARAT =fate/doom + -we

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms: umbar

marcirya, Markirya n. ark lit.”settling-ship” also the name of thepoem

see also: cirya, mar-marde n. hall NamMardil phr. name-masc, house-

friend ”House friend” is simplya literal translation which is moreproperly translated as: ”(one) de-voted to the house”, sc. of thekings (Appendix A; interpreted in Let-ters:386)

etymology: mar-, -dilunusual conjugations:

Mar-nu-Falmar phr. Home un-der Waves, Land under wavesA name of Numenor after theDownfall. (SA:falas)

see also: falma, nu, marmarta adj. fey, fated With a fate,

doom or wyrd upon oneetymology: MBARAT =

fate/doomsee also: marta

91

martya- v. destine To prophecy, orpredict one’s fate/doom/destiny

etymology: MBARAT =fate/doom

see also: marta,maranwemarya adj. pale, fallow, fawn

etymology: MAD- = palemassa n. bread HFs course Taryn - so

how does this differ from masta ?massanie phr. breadgiver, lady

This is used as a title of the highestwoman among any Elvish people,since she had the keeping and gift ofthe coimas. Also simply translated”Lady” (PM:404) Taryn - wonderingabout hte -ie ending - and whether thisshould be updated.

see also: massamasta n. bread Probably refers to

bread as baked goods, due to itsclose relation to masta-

etymology: MBAS- = kneadunusual conjugations: synonym

: massamasta- v. bake Specifically referring

to the act of baking bread (ratherthan, say, a lamb roast), but bak-ing here refers to the entire processdue to the stem MBAS- meaning”knead”

etymology: MBAS- = kneadsee also: masta

mat- v. eatetymology: MAT- → mat- = eat

maure n. need Something that one iscompelled to have

etymology: MBAW- = com-pel/force

unusual conjugations: v:mauya-see also: mausta

mausta n. compulsion

etymology: MBAW- = to com-pel/force

unusual conjugations: v:mauya-

see also: mauremauya- v. compel, force To force-

fully compel someone. To urge orimpel the same action, one woulduse ora- instead.

etymology: MBAW- = com-pel/force/oppress

see also: ora-me ?. ? Taryn - leaving it til the usual

”us”; mel-lumna ”us-is-heavy”, sc.”is heavy for us” (LR:47, mel- isevidently an assimilated form of men”for us”, dative of me); dual met ”us(two)”

-me n. Taryn - seems to be used whenreferring to the light shed by something- possibly specific to the ambient lightwhen certain bodies are present/absent(eg lome vs Isilm e - guessed frommany words incorporating light - now Ithink about it it may in fact be a moregeneral grammatical word referring tothe creation of an object from anotherobject - so moonlight (from moon) orshadows (from dark), but there’s also:cilme→ a choosing, so a nouned verb?→ I’ll hafve to come back to this.

mehtar n. swordsman? Taryn - notsure about this given that sword = macil,so far my only example is Calamehtar -attested to be ”bright swordsman”, alsogiven that swordsman is also defined asmacar which sounds more reasonableto me. Perhaps it’s related to ohtar andthus means - word-warrior?

etymology: Calamehtar, macilunusual conjugations:

92 M

mel- v. love (platonic) A per-son saying ”I love you” in this senseprobably means ”you are dear tome”

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriend)

unusual conjugations: n :melme, past tense : melle, adj: melin (loved), adj : melima(lovable)

see also: melisse,melindoMelco n. Greedy One? Taryn - not

sure of the translation ehre as there isno specific gloss, but it does state theetymology through the primitive Mailikowhich seems to be related to mail e =”lust” and milca = ”greedy”

etymology: MIL-IK- (de-sire/greed)→ Mailiko = ?

Melcore, Melcor, Melco n.name-vala, mighty-rising therebellious Vala, the devil of theSilmarillion mythos. (WJ:402) Taryn- I’m not sure how either mighty orrising came out of this word, so will waituntil i’ve gone through the etym beforecommenting further

etymology: Older form Melcore”Mighty-rising” (hence the in-terpretation ”He that arises inpower”). Oldest form mbelekoro

Melcorohıni phr. Children ofMelkor, Orcs ”but the wiser say:nay, the slaves of Melkor; but nothis children, for Melkor had no chil-dren” (MR:416)

melda adj. beloved, dear Pleasenote that this is a word formed fromthe verb mel-, and therefore refersstrictly to platonic love, rather than”two lovers”

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)

unusual conjugations: v : mel-meletya adj. mighty Taryn - what is

the difference between this is taura ?meletyalda phr. your mighty,

your majesty This is theshortened form of the title AranMeletyalda ”king your mighty”(WJ:369)

see also: -lda, meletyamelima adj. loveable, pretty This

is the adjective: ”loveable”. Con-trast with melin which is also an ad-jective in mel-, but means ”loved”

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)

unusual conjugations: v : mel-melin adj. dear This is the adjec-

tive: ”loved”. Contrast with me-lima which is also an adjective inmel-, but means ”loveable”

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)

unusual conjugations: v : mel-melindo n. male lover Remember,

the word mel- (love) is used in apurely platonic sense.

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)

unusual conjugations: v : mel-melisse n. female lover Remem-

ber, the word mel- (love) is used ina purely platonic sense.

etymology: MEL- = love (asfriends)

unusual conjugations: v : mel-melme n. love The concept of love

itself... or should that be Love?etymology: MEL- = love (as

friends)

93

unusual conjugations: v : mel-men n. place, spot Related to mena

= regionetymology: MEN = place/spotsee also: mena

mena n. regionetymology: MEN = place/spotsee also: men

mene phr. on us Taryn - not sure if thisis needed, but have kept it here just incase it’s some sort of unusual form ofsomething - will get back to it (SD:310)

Menel n. heavens, sky ”the appar-ent dome in the sky”(MR:387)

Meneldil n. Heaven-friend, as-tronomer, name-? (Appendix A;Letters:386)

see also: -dil, menelMeneldur phr. name-masc,

Heaven-servant (Appendix A)Menelmacar phr. sky-

swordsman, orion, name-constellation ”Swordsman of theSky”, the Orion constellation (alsocalled Telumehtar, Appendix E,first footnote); the older name wasMenelmacil = ”Heaven-sword”(WJ:411);

Menelmacilsee also: macil, menel, Menel-

macarMeneltarma phr. Pillar of

Heaven, name-place This isthe name of the great mountain ofNumenor (SA:tar).

see also: menel, tarmaMenelya n. day #5 The fifth day of

the Eldarin six-day week, dedicatedto the heavens (Appendix D)

see also: menel

mente n. point, end The final pointof something. Related to metya-= ”to put an end to”, thus imply-ing that this is not only a physicalpoint/nd, but can also be temporal

etymology: MET- = endsee also: metya-

mer- v. wish, desire, want Also re-lated to meren = feast

etymology: MER- =wish/desire/want

merca adj. wild violent and sudden -similar to verca

etymology: MBEREK = wildmere n. a wish or desire Note this

a ”a desire” not Desire itselfetymology: MER- to wish

meren, menende [merend-]n.feast, festival the shortened formmeren is often used when speak-ing of it as singluar - which is whythe longer version is provided as thestem-form.

etymology: MBER = feastunusual conjugations: pl :

merendi,adj:meryamerya adj. festive

etymology: MBER- = feastunusual conjugations: n:meren

meryale n. holiday, festivityunusual conjugations:

adj:merya,n:merensee also: merya,-le

met pron. us (two) This word in-cludes the dual ending -t. Me(LR:56) evidently means ”we”

see also: meMetelaire phr. August (alt) An al-

ternative name of August (PM:135)Taryn - ”end of summer”?

see also: laire, metta

94 M

Meterrıve phr. January (alt) An al-ternative name of January (PM:135)Taryn - end of winter?

see also: metta, hrıvemetima adj. last (Markirya) This si

obviously related to metta = ”last”see also: metta

metta, met- n. end For example inAmbar-metta ”world-end” mean-ing: ”the end of the world” (EO)

mettare phr. end-day, new-years-eve New Years’ Eve in both the cal-ender of Imladrais and of Numenor(Appendix D) In imlaidris it falls di-rectly after coire, in the Calendar ofNumenor, it falls as does the calen-dar of men.

see also: are, mettametya- v. end, stop To put an end to

or cause to stop. This word seems torelate to the forced ending of some-thing at once, as opposed to telya-which appears to refer to the conclu-sion/ending of something in a nat-ural way. It refers in general to the”creation of an end-point” for some-thing - as evidenced by its root MET-= ”end”

etymology: MET- = endsee also: mente

mi adv. in, withinetymology: MI = inside

mı phr. in the This is an unusual ab-breviation of the longer: mi i Nam

see also: i, mimicsa adj. wet

etymology: MISK = wetmilca adj. greedy

etymology: MIL-IK- desireunusual conjugations: n : milme

milme n. Desire, greed This is theproper form for Desire, rather than”a desire”

etymology: MIL-IK- = desire?unusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : maile (lust) mer- (want),adj: milca (greedy)

milya- v. long foretymology: MIL-IK- = desiresee also: milme

Minalcar phr. name-masc, First-glory? Taryn - but first = minya sonot sure at all, and I’d say car = ”made”so first-made? perhaps ”first-born?”,but this contrasts with Minn onar (Ap-pendix A)

Minardil phr. name-masc”minar[?]-friend”. Perhaps mi-nar is to be understood as a variantof minas (s being voiced to z bycontact with the voiced plosivethat follows, and then regularlybecoming r); if so, the name means”Tower-friend” (Appendix A) Taryn -I disagree with this one, but don’t havea solution to offer in return yet

see also: -dilminas n. tower Generally refers

to singular or isolated prominentthings and is probably related tominya = ”first”

Minastan phr. name-masc,Tower-maker (Appendix A)

see also: minas, -tanMinastir phr. name-masc, Tower-

watcher, tower-guard (Ap-pendix A)

see also: minas, tir-minda adj. prominent, conspicu-

ous

95

etymology: MINI- = to standalone or stick out

mindo n. isolated toweretymology: MINI- to stand

alone/stick outmindon n. great tower, lofty

tower Taryn - this is listed as aNoldorin word in Etym, however, thereare multiple Quenya words htat seem todescend from it... so I’ll leave it here forhte time being until I figure out the realdeal

etymology: MINI- (to standalone) + TUN ?hill→ minitaun

Mindolluin phr. Blue TowerThis is the name of a mountain.Note the assimilation from Mindonto ”mindol” (Christopher Tolkientranslates the name as ”ToweringBlue-head” in the Silmarillion In-dex, but this seems to be based onthe questionable assumption that itincludes the Sindarin element dol”head, hill”. Unless this transla-tion is given in his father’s papers,the name is better explained as aQuenya compound.)

see also: luin, mindonmine n. one cardinal one

etymology: MINI- = to standalone/stick out

unusual conjugations: ord :minya

minna prep. into To the insideetymology: MI = insidesee also: mi

Minnonar phr. First-born, name-group Elves (as contrasted toApanonar, the After-born, Men).(WJ:403) Taryn - could this be morecorrectly ”before-born” (given the

meaning of apa- = after). Thus min- =”before”?

see also: minya, nonaminque n. eleven cardinal eleven.

Note it’s obvious relation to mineetymology: MINIK-W = ?to stand

alone + ”K-W”see also: mine

minya n. first ordinal oneetymology: MINI- = to stand

alone/stick outunusual conjugations: card :

mineMinyar n. Firsts the original name

of the Vanyar (or rather the directQuenya descendant of the originalPrimitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

see also: mine, minyaMinyatur phr. First-ruler As in

Tar-Minyatur = ”High First-ruler”,title of Elros as the first Kingof Numenor (SA:minas, PM:348,SA:tur)

see also: minya, tur-mıre, -mir n. jewel, precious

thing or treasureetymology: MIR = jewelunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms: harmaMıriel phr. Jewel-woman (Silm)

unusual conjugations: genitive :Mıriello

miril n. shining/glittering jewelPresumably a cut-stone liek a dia-mond where the facets glitter andshine.

etymology: MBIRIL = MIR + RIL= jewel + glitter

see also: mıremirilya- v. glitter As like a jewel of

96 M

many facetsetymology: MBIRIL = MIR + RIL

= jewel + glitterunusual conjugations: n:mirilsee also: mıre

mirima adj. free Free as in ”bornfree” (rather than costing nothing)

etymology: MIS- = go free, wan-der, stray

Mirimor phr. the Wanderers Aname for the teleri, also called ”theFree” - for their wandering ways.this word is generated from: miri-(to stray) + -mo (agenetial) + -r (plu-ralisation) and not from what at firstcan appear to be: miri + more

etymology: MIS- = wander, stray+ -mo + -r

see also: -mo, -rmiruvore, miruvor n. mead,

honey-wine Nam Taryn - lit. trans:jewel-oath? perhaps a mythological ref-erence? or perhaps I’ve missed some-thing I’ll pick up later

mirroanwi n. incarnates Those(spirits) ’put into flesh’ (MR:350)Taryn - looks like a compound, but can’tbreak it down right now - I assume sg =mirroanw e

mista adj. grey Taryn - how does thisword differ from sinda ?

see also: sindamista- v. stray about, wander?

Taryn - note: wander is not a givengloss, but a reasonable guess

etymology: MIS- to wander,stray or go free

miste n. fine rain, drizzleetymology: MIZD→ mizde= fine

rain

Mittalmar phr. midlands, name-place Specifically, the ”Midlands”of Numenor (UT:165) Taryn - cur-rently no reference for mittal

see also: mittal, marmitya adj. interior The ”inside” part

of somethingetymology: MI = insidesee also: mi,minna

miule adj. whining, mewling,mewing Taryn - it wasn’t specificallyglossed whether this is an adjective ”themewing kitten” or a noun ”the kitten’smewing”. I’ve guessed adjective here,but couldn’t have easily been wrong

etymology: MIW = whin-ing/mewing

-mme ?. ? Taryn - yet another gram-matical term to leave til later pronom-inal ending, exclusive ”we”, seen invamme ”we won’t” (WJ:371)

-mo ?. ? Taryn - another to leave tillater ending frequent in names andtitles, sometimes with an agentialsignificance (WJ:400) eg ciryamo =mariner, or ”shipper”

moina adj. familiar, dear Taryn - stillnot entirely sure of the difference be-tween this and mel- but I’m guessingthat is used for true friends that you re-ally love, wheras this is a more relaxedand comfortable feeling?

etymology: MOY = dearmol n. slave, thrall

etymology: MO → mol =slave/thrall

mor n. darkness probably just anElvish ”element” rather than a com-plete word; Namarie has mornie for”darkness” Letters:308

see also: mornie

97

morco n. bearetymology: MOROK → moroco

= bearmordo n. shadow, obscurity,

stainetymology: MORI = blacksee also: more

more adj. black Note: don’t getthis confused with more which isthe noun, they are subtly differentwords.

etymology: MORI = blackunusual conjugations: n : more

more n. blackness, darkness,night Note: don’t get it confusedwith more = the adjective version fothis word

etymology: MORI = blackunusual conjugations: adj :

moreMorifinwe phr. dark Finwe,

name-masc He was called”Caranthir” in Sindarin. ShortQuenya name Moryo. (PM:353)

see also: finwe, moremorilinde n. nightingale

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : tindomerel

see also: linde, moreMorimandos phr. Dark Mandos

Another name for Mandos - wherethe stem MBAD = prison (for Man-dos = Imprisoner) is blended withthe stem MAN (spirit). This wasmoreso for the ”antonym” for thisword = Calamandos = Manwe

etymology: Mori- (dark) +MBAD (prison) blended with MAN(spirit)

unusual conjugations: Antonym: Calamandos

see also: Calamandos, Mandos,mor-

Moringotto phr. Black Foe An-other name for Melcor. The old-est form is said to have beenMoringotho (MR:194).

see also: More, ngottoMorion phr. dark one A title of Mel-

cor (FS)see also: More

Moriquendi, Morquendi phr.Dark Elves Those elves that choseto stay behind in cuivienen ratherthan travel to the lighted Valinor(SA:mor, WJ:373)

see also: more, quendemorna adj. gloomy, sombre, dark

and shadowed Presumably canrefer to the mood of a place as wellas specifically the physically shad-owed nature (as in tumbalemorna)

etymology: MORI = blackmornie n. darkness Taryn - this

seems to be a nouned-verb and seemsto mean more ”gloominess” than ”dark-ness” (per se) Nam, RGEO:67

Moryosee also: Morifinwe

motto n. blot Taryn - Given that thisword was accompanied by doriathrinwords meaning ”puddle” or ”pool”, Iwould guess that this means a splotchof water or ink. Personally I’d like toknow the Quenyan word for puddle, buthtat isn’t glossed, only blot

etymology: MBOTH = poolmota- v. labour, toil, work

(labour) HFs coursemu not. no, not This appears to be

the adjective ”no” (as in not any ”)

98 M

as opposed to ume which more di-rectly means ”is not”. They are ob-viously related, ume coming fromthe stem UMU and this from MU.Taryn - Though ume seems to be moreoften quoted amongst the stuff I’vereada, I see nothing wrong with this asyet - I’d welcolm discussion as to why

etymology: MU = no/notunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms: umemuile n. secrecy

etymology: MUY = hid-den/secret

unusual conjugations: adj:muina

muina adj. hidden, secretetymology: MUY = hid-

den/secretunusual conjugations: n: muile

mundo n. bull (Letters:422)mundo n. nose, snout, protru-

sion, cape Cape, here, refers to aprotrusion of land into the sea, as in”Cape York”, not the fabric thing tokeep you warm

etymology: MBUD- = protrude→ mbundu (protrusion?)

mure n. mist

N

-n ?. ? Taryn - another to leave til laterdative ending, in nin, enyalien

-n pron.etymology: -nyeunusual conjugations:

-n ?. ? Taryn - I haven’t come acrossthis at all in mature quenya - but per-haps it is an unusual case i haven’treached yet a plural sign used insome of the cases (WJ:407)

na copula. is (Nam, RGEO:67). For ex-ample ”i parma na carne” Also: nar= are

etymology: ANAunusual conjugations: pl : narsee also: nai, nar, nauva

Nahar ?. ? the name of Orome’shorse, adopted and adapted fromValarin (WJ:401) Taryn - no translationgiven - perhaps ”biter”?

nahta n. bite as in ”a bite”unusual conjugations:

nai ?. be it that used witha future tense-verb to express awish. The translation ”maybe” inTolkien’s rendering of Namarie issomewhat misleading; he used ”beit that” in the interlinear translationin RGEO:67. Nai hiruvalye Vali-mar! Nai elye hiruva! ”May thoufind Valimar. May even thou findit!” (Nam). Nai tiruvantes ”be itthat they will guard it” ¿ ”may they

guard it” (CO) Taryn - won’t qualifythis at present as it’s so vague

Naira phr. Heart of Flame A nameof the Sun (MR:198) Taryn - nar- +ora? and then squished and short-ened?

Naltariel phr. ? This is the trueQuenya form of Galadriel; the formactually used was Altariel, Quen-yarized from Telerin Alatariel(le).(PM:347) Taryn - a translation might benice here

namarie phr. farewell Nam,RGEO:67Taryn - a translation might benice here too

Namo n. Judge The name of a Vala,normally called Mandos, properlythe place where he dwells (WJ:402)

namo n. person, somebody(PM:340)

namna n. statute For example inNamna Finwe Mıriello ”the Statuteof Finwe and Mıriel” (MR:258)

nan prep. but (FS)-nan, nan-, -inan n. vale,

meadow, valley, mead egTasarinan = willow-valley

see also: nandenande n. valley In Laurenande

(UT:253) Taryn - is this the full form for -nan or is it something slightly different?what does the -de ending mean?

see also: -nan

99

100 N

Nandor phr. name-group A nameof the Green-elves (Laiquendi); theoriginal word ndando implied ”onewho goes back on his word or de-cision”, since the Nandor left theMarch from Cuivienen to Aman.(WJ:412)

etymology: from earlier ndandounusual conjugations: adj : Nan-

dorinnangwa n. jawnar copula. are For example: ”i parmi

nar carni”unusual conjugations: sg : na

nare, nar- n. sun, flame, fire Itseems to be ”fire” in that it is fireylike the sun Anar, seems to be short-ened to just nar- when used as partof a larger word.

see also: anarnarda n. knotNarie n. June, month #6 The sixth

month of the year, ”June” Taryn -seems to be related to nare = ”fire” -probably a reference to being midsum-mer (Appendix D)

see also: nareNarmacil phr. Flame-sword,

name-masc (Appendix A)see also: macil, nare

Narquelie, Narquelion phr. Oc-tober, month #10 Literally: ”Fire-waning” or more correclty ”sun-waning”. The tenth month of theyear, ”October” (Appendix D)

see also: quel-,nareNarsil phr. sun-moon The sword

of Elendil, compound of the stemsseen in Anar ”Sun” and Isil ”Moon”

etymology: see Letters:425 for et-ymology

Narsilion phr. sun and moon(of) More specifically refers to ”thesong of the Sun and Moon”; actu-ally the stems of the words for Sunand Moon compounded and a plu-ral genitive ending added (Silm)

see also: narsilNarvinye phr. January, month #1

The first month of the year, ”Jan-uary”. The word seems to mean”New Fire/Sun”. (Appendix D)

see also: nare, vinyaNarya phr. firey-one The name

of the Red Ring, the Ring ofFire; apparently an adjective mean-ing something like ”Fiery (One)”(SA:nar)

see also: narenasar adj. red (alt) This word is used

in Vanyarin Quenya only.(WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarinnat pron (pl). thatnauca adj. dwarfed, twisted,

stunted adjective especially ap-plied to things that though in them-selves full-grown were smaller orshorter than their kind, and werehard, twisted or ill-shapen (WJ:413)

Nauco n. Dwarf Naucalie (notNaucolie) the ”Dwarf-people” as awhole. From nauca

see also: naucanause n. imagination (archaic: nau-

the)unusual conjugations:

nauva v (fut). will be this is thefuture tense for the copula na

see also: naNavarot phr. Nogrod, Novrod,

101

Hollowbold A dwelling of theDwarves (WJ:389) Taryn - not sure ifany of these is a translation or if it wassimply ”quenyarised” into this form

-ndilsee also: -dil

-ndorsee also: -dor

-ndursee also: -dur

-ne gram. grammar-verbs-past-tense verbs formt heir past tenseby adding -ne to the end and, insome cases, normalising the wordsto fit with correct Quenya word-structure. All a-stems simply add -ne to the end ef orta- = ”summon”becomes ortane = ”summoned”.Some pure verbs can simply addthis ending too (eg tir- becomestirne) but some verbs will from un-acceptable compounds (eg matne isnot acceptable). These generallyuse ”nasal infixtion” where the ”n”gets moved to the position jsut pre-vious to the final consonant, theneither left as is (if it is now ac-ceptable) or changed to the closestacceptable sound eg top- becomes”topne” becomes ”tonpe” becomestompe which is finally an acceptableform. vil- thus becomes ville etc

neca adj. pale, vague, faint, dimto see, ghostly Markirya

nehte n. spearhead, gore, wedge,promontory Any formationor projection tapering to a point(UT:282)

nelde n. three cardinal three(SA:neldor)

unusual conjugations: ordinal :nelya

see also: nelyaNeldion n. Weekday #5 of

the Valian week Also known asNessaron. The final day of theValian week, dedicated to the threeyounger gods: Osse, Orome andTulkas. Taryn - I presume it is so-called as it is dedicated to three godsThe word for week is lemnar.

see also: Nelde, Nessaron,Orome, Osse, Tulkas

Neldorn phr. three tree The nameof the great beech-tree with threetrunks

see also: nelde, ornenelle n. brook Etym

etymology: from primitive: nen-le from: NEN

unusual conjugations:nelya n. third ordinal three

unusual conjugations: cardinal :nelde

see also: neldeNelyar n. Thirds, name-group the

original name of the Teleri (or ratherthe direct Quenya descendant of theoriginal Primitive Quendian name)(WJ:380)

see also: nelyaNelyafinwe phr. name-masc,

Finwe third After the originalFinwe and Curufinwe = Feanor;he was called Maedhros in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Ne-lyo.(PM:352)

see also: finwe, nelyaNelyo dim.

etymology: Nelyafinwe

102 N

unusual conjugations:nen, nen- n. water cardinal wa-ter... as in the wet stuff found inlakes. But also refers to song - wa-ter being the closest manifestationof the song of the Ainur→ thus thisis found in such words as Lirinen

see also: lin-Nenar n. name-star/planet,

Uranus?, Neptune? The nameof a star (or planet), evidentlyderived from nen ”water” (Silm),tentatively identified with Uranus(MR:435) Taryn - I would haveguessed Neptune but will have to checkthe reference

see also: nenNendili phr. Water-lovers, name-

group The most frequently used”title” or secondary name of theLindar (WJ:411) Taryn - so who are theLindar?

see also: -dil, -i, nenNenime n. February, month

#2 The second month of the year,”February” (Appendix D) Taryn - ob-viously related to water somehow - sowhat is -ime? - is this as in -ima or is itlike what I have for -ime? It could easilybe either...

see also: -ime, nenNenya phr. Water-ring, watery-

one The name of the Blue Ring,apparently an adjective meaningsomething like ”Watery (One)”(SA:nen)

see also: nen, -yaner [ner-]n. man, male Refers to a

male of any speaking species ratherthan just an elf. Not used to refer tohumankind = Atan

etymology: From DER = maleunusual conjugations:

antonym:nissee also: nıs

nernehte phr. man-spearhead abattle-formation (UT:282)

see also: ner, nehtenessa adj. youngNessa phr. name-Vala This is the

name of a Valie, the spouse ofTulkas (adopted and adapted fromValarin, OR an archaic Elvish forma-tion) (WJ:404 vs. 416)

Nessaron n. Weekday #5 of theValian week Literally meaning”of the young gods” (from nessa =.u p

etymology: iunusual conjugations: gsee also: n

). Also known as Neldion. The finalday of the Valian week, dedicatedto the three younger gods: Osse,Orome and Tulkas. The word forweek is lemnar.

see also: Neldion, nessa, Orome,Osse, Tulkas

nessamelda phr. Nessa-beloved,name-tree Taryn - which tree?(UT:167)

see also: melda, Nessaneuma n. snare, trap (n)ngoldo

see also: noldongotto n. foe Taryn - as guessed from

moringotto = ”black foe”unusual conjugations:

ngwalmesee also: nwalme

ni I Nam, RGEO:67 Taryn - will get back

103

to this when I cover it in the coursenı n. woman, female This is the

more archaic, and thus poetic wayto say ”woman”. Use nis for every-day speech or inya to refer to some-thing as *being* female.

etymology: INI = female or NI =woman

unusual conjugations: adj : inya,synonym : nis, antonym : ner

see also: nis, inyanicu- v. chill, cold (of weather) To

be cold weather (WJ:417)nie n. tear (crying) Not as ’to tear a

page’Nienna n. goddess, Valie A valie,

or female valasee also: vala

nille, ngille ?. ? A star-imagine onNur-menel (MR:388) Taryn - it wouldbe nice if a definition of a star-imaginewas available

etymology: from a stem ngil-”silver glint”

see also: tinwenin to me ”I” in the dative form (FS)

Taryn - will get back to this one-nil contraction. Used in place

of the -ndil form of -dil. This isnot a preferred/correct alternative,but could be used poetically givenrhythmic constraints

etymology: -dilunusual conjugations:

ninque adj. white, chill, pale(WJ:417, SA:nim); Taryn - comparewith fana

see also: fanaNinquelote phr. White-flower,

name-obj Also known as ”Nim-loth” in Sindarin, the White Tree of

Numenor (SA:nim)see also: lote, ninque

nique adj?. cold, freezes Taryn - defi-nition given as ”it is cold/it freezes” - ob-viously related to nix e (WJ:417)

niquis n. frost-patterns (WJ:417)see also: nique, -s?

niquesse n. frost-feathers (WJ:417)see also: nixe, quesse

nir- v. press, thrust, forceetymology: Etym NIDunusual conjugations: past

tense : nindenıs, nisse [. n i

etymology: sunusual conjugations: -see also: s

]nwomannıs is the commonly usedway to refer to a woman. The old-Quenya word nı was still valid, butit was more of a generic word for”female”, as well as being consid-ered archaic and somewhat poetic.Use inya to refer to something as be-ing female. By contrast, the com-mon word for man is nerNISinya,ner, nıpl : nissi, adj : inya, synonym: nı, antonym : ner

nısima adj. fragrant, scented Apleasant smell Taryn - guessed fromNısimaldar

Nısimaldar phr. Fragrant trees,name-place The name of a regionin Numenor UT:167

see also: alda, nısimanısi n. fragrance, scent Taryn - a

nouned-verb, it seems, from nısimaNısinen phr. Fragrance-water,

name-place The name of a lake inNumenor (UT:168)

104 N

see also: nen, nısinixe [ni-]n. frost (WJ:417)-nna Taryn - will leave til later

”to, upon”, allative ending incilyanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna,Elenna, numenna, numenorenna,romenna, tielyanna, q.v. Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

no adj. ending?, late? Taryn- guessed from the four alternativenames for the months: nocoir e,noquell e, norrıve and notuil e →which seem to include the name of theseason that begins before them. How-ever, this theory is broken by nolair ewhich occurs in the middle of the sea-son and doesn’t have an ”early” equiv-alant... perhaps no means middle?which means er- means early and nomeans middle and mete means late.With el as the exception. See also er-

see also: er-Nocoire phr. name-month, March

(alt) The alternative name of March(PM:135)

see also: coire, nonoire n. tomb From NoirinanNoirinan phr. Valley of Tombs A

place in in Numenor (UT:166)see also: -nan, noire

Nolaire n. July (alt), month #7 Analternative name of July (PM:135)Taryn - need a translation of this

see also: laire, nonoldo, ngoldo, noldo n. wise-

one, tengwa #19 Also used torefer to ”one of the people of theNoldor”. (Appendix E).

etymology: Originally pro-nounced ngoldo (also spelt noldo

by Tolkien); initial ng had become nin Third Age pronunciation

Noldor, noldor n. Wise (the) Thename of the second clan of the Eldar(WJ:380, 381)

see also: noldoNoldoran, noldoran” phr.

Noldor-king More properlytranslated ”King of the Noldor”PM:343

see also: aran, noldoNoldolante phr. Noldor-fall More

properly translated: ”The Fall of theNoldor” (name of a song) (Silm)

see also: lante, noldonole, nole n. study, lore, knowl-

edge This refers to ”a study” - ofa subject, rather than to the act ofstudying. it also refers to only thosestudies that are long and in-depth.SA:gul, also WJ:383 and MR:350

etymology: from NOLE = ”wis-dom”

Nolme, ngolme” n. knowledge,Philosophy, science (PM:360 cf.344)

nolmo, nolmo n. wise-one A wiseperson (PM:360)

Nolofinwe nolofinwe phr. wise-Finwe? Another name of ”Fin-golfin” (PM:344) Taryn - need a betterdefinitiona nd a check on the translation

see also: finwe, nolmonona- v. born Taryn - guessed/derived

from apanonarNoquelle phr. October (alt) Taryn -

trans? late-fading? alternative nameof October (PM:135)

see also: quelle, nonor n. land as opposed to sea - more

105

of the type-description. ”a land” isnore Letters:308 Taryn - how does thisdiffer from -dor ?

see also: -dor,norenore n. land, region, domain,

people (spec) associated with aparticular people (WJ:413) Taryn - notsure how it truly differs from norie Alsoused = ”people” SA:dor the normalword for ”people” is lie

unusual conjugations: pl : norisee also: nor, norie

norie n. country Taryn - does thismean ”a country” or ”the country” = ru-ral land? - and does it use the old -ieor is it valid mature quenya? in sin-danorie (see sinda) (Nam, RGEO:67)

see also: nor, norenorna adj. stiff, tough Seems to

have derived from the word for Oaknorno through the primitive form ofthat word - obviously referring toa material famed for it’s toughness(WJ:413)

etymology: From DORON = oakNornalie phr. tough-people,

Dwarf-people The correct trans-lation refers to the ”Dwarf-people”as a whole, but the literal trans-lation displays the origins of theword (WJ:388)

see also: lie, nornonorno n. oak

etymology: From DORON = oakNorno n. dwarf This is a per-

sonalized form of the adjectivenorna(WJ:413)

see also: NornalieNorrıve n. December (alt) The al-

ternative name of December Taryn -

end of winter? (PM:135)see also: rıve, no

norsa n. giant HFs coursenosse n. kindred, family, kin

(PM:320)nostar n. parent LotR3:VI ch. 6, trans-

lated in Letters:308see also: nosse

not- v. count, reckon (FS)etymology: from NOT-unusual conjugations: past par-

ticiple : notinaNotuile n. May (alt) The alternative

name of May Taryn - ? end of spring(PM:135)

see also: no, tuile-nte pron. them Long or polite form of

this pronomimal ending, inflexionof multiple plural ”they”. this formis used either for the polite form,or when aa suffix must be appliedafterwards, otherwise use the shortform -t. For the emphatic form, usethe free-standing word: te (CO)

see also: -t, tenu prep. under (LR:56, Markirya, Nam,

RGEO:66)etymology: from primitive ndu

meaning ”down, from on high”nucumna adj. humbled (SD:246)

Taryn - under ”cumna”?, possibly cuna-= bent?

see also: cumna, nunuhta- v. stunt prevent from coming

to completion, stop short, not allowto continue (WJ:413)

nuhuinenna phr. under shadow(allativic) (SD:246)

see also: nuine, -nna, nunulla, nulda n. secret

106 N

etymology: From DUL = hide,conceal→ ndulna = secret

numeheruvi phr. West-lords,Valar? SD:246 Taryn - where doesthe v come from? this is likely Qenya...

see also: heru, numenume v. going down, occident,

descending?, West (Letters:361);apparently meaning ”west” innumeheruen and numeheruvi

etymology: contains primitivendu meaning ”down, from on high”

numen West, the way of the sunset,tengwa #17, going down, occident.(LR:47, SD:310) contains primi-tive ndu meaning ”down, from onhigh”

etymology: nume, menunusual conjugations:

Numenor, Numendor phr.west-land The name of the greatisle given to the Edain by the Valar(FS, LR:56) Properly translated:”land of the west”, often confusedwith and replaced by Numenore”people of the west” (SA:dor)

see also: -dor, numenNumenore, Numennore phr.

West-people More correctly:”people of the west”. Often con-fused with Numendor ”land of thewest” (SA:dor); hence Numenor(LR:47, SD:247)

see also: nore, numenumenya phr. westerner From a

word occurring in a phrase froman earlier version of FS, Valionnumenyaron, ”of the Lords [Valar]of the West”. But numenyaron can-not simply mean ”of the West”; it

seems to be the plural genitive ofnumenya ”western”, hence literally”of the western (things, persons,realms)” or ”of the Westerners”.

see also: numeNumerramar phr. West-wings,

name-ship (UT:175)see also: numen, rama

Numevala phr. West-power,Valar Another way of referring tothe Valar (SD:290)

see also: nume, valanun adj. Western guessed from

nunataniNunatani phr. Western Men In

Sindarin: Dunedain (WJ:386)see also: atan, nun

Nunduine phr. West-flow, name-river The name of a river inNumenor (UT:168)

see also: -duine, nunnuquerna adj. reversed, under-

turned Or perhaps rather ”turnedupside down”. In the phrases silmenuquerna and are nuquerna

see also: nu, quernanur adj. lesser, below guessed from

nur-menel - obviously similar to nuNur-menel phr. lesser-heavens,

lesser-firmament This was agreat dome covering Valinor, madeby Varda and full of star-imagines(see tinwe, nille). It was a simu-lacrum of Tar-menel, the true firma-ment (MR:388)

see also: menel, nur, tar-menelnurta- v. hide (Silm) Taryn - probably

related to nunurru- v. murmur, grumble

Markirya

107

nurrua adj. mumbling MC:215nuru n. deathnuruhuine phr. death-shadow

(LR:47, 56, SD:310)see also: huine, nuru

nus n. West from hyarnustar Taryn- guessed... may mean somethingslightly different, but works when you’retalking about ”south-west” - probably re-lated to nu

nut- v. tieetymology: NUT

nwalca adj. cruelnwalme n. torment, tengwa #20

(Appendix E)etymology: Originally pro-

nounced ngwalme; initial ng hadbecome n in Third Age pronuncia-tion

-nya, -inya ?. ? Taryn - awaiting myreading of it in the course pronominalsuffix, person sg. possessive, ”my”,e.g. tatanya ”my father” (UT:191).This ending seems to prefer i asits connecting vowel where one isneeded, cf. Anarinya ”my sun” inLR:72, so also in hildinyar.

nyar- v. tell, relateetymology: NAR

nyarna n. tale, story obviously re-lated to nyar-

see also: nyar--nye, -n pron. I pronominal suf-

fix ”I”. The full form is usuallyonly used when either using a politeform or when other suffixes must beappended to the end (especially ifthere must be both a subject and ob-ject referred to eg melnyel = ”I loveyou”)

see also: -lye

O

-o suf. of (sg), singular genitiveending Taryn - I’ll get back to thiswhen I’m more certain of it eg lasseo= ”of a leaf” Elenna-noreo, Rithil-Anamo, Rumilo, Lestanoreo, q.v.Pl. -ion and -ron

see also: -ion, -rono-, o- n?. together, junction,

union A prefix ”used in words de-scribing the meeting, junction, orunion of two things or persons, orof two groups thought of as units”.eg omentie = ”meeting” or ononi =”twins” (WJ:367)

oa, oar, oa, oar adv. away (WJ:365)oat- v. go Taryn - derived from oant e →

assuming it is a regular verb with nasalinfixion of the past-tense ending -ne

oante v (pa. t). went away specifi-cally ”went away to another place”.This is the past tense of auta-; per-fect tense: oantie. (WJ:365)

unusual conjugations: pr t :auta-

see also: auta-oantie perfect tense. gone specifically

”has gone away to another place”(WJ:365), perfect tense of oante.Please note this is purely a phisical’leaving’ - for a more mental form(ie went from my mind/passedaway from thought, see auta-)

unusual conjugations: past

tense : oantesee also: auta-

Oarel, Oarel phr. went-elf? Elfwho departed from Beleriand toAman (while the Sindar stayedthere) (WJ:363, 374)

etymology: From the VanyarinOazeldi

see also: elda, oat-ohta n. war, strife

etymology: KOTH-(strive/quarrel)→ okta = strife

ohtacare phr. war-made, madewar Also used for the allative:”make war upon” LR:47, SD:246

see also: care, ohtaohtar, ohtatyaro n. warrior, sol-

dier Obviously related to ohta-.(UT:282)

etymology: This word is a short-ened form of the true word: ohtat-yaro = ”war-maker”

see also: ohta-, tyarooiale ?. everlastingly, endlessly

Namsee also: oio

oiencarme Eruo phr. Eru’s-endless-Making More literally:”the One’s [Eru’s] perpetual pro-duction”, free rendering ”God’smanagement of the Drama”(MR:471)

see also: carme, Eru, -o, oio

108

109

oio n. ever, forever, always? eter-nity? Precisely: ”an endless pe-riod” (CO) often translated: ”ever”(SA:los).

Oiolosse phr. Everwhite, Ever-snowwhite A name of Tani-quetil, hence the translation ”MountEverwhite” in Tolkien’s renderingof Namarie. Explicit ”mount” inOron Oiolosse ”Mount Everwhite”(WJ:403).

see also: losse, oioOiomure phr. ever-mist, name-

place (Silm)see also: mure, oio

Oiolaire n. Eversummer Contin-ual or always summer. Refers to thetree, but also used in Coron Oio-laire - the mound of eversummer

see also: Coron Oiolaireoira adj. eternalola- v. dream Said to be ”im-

personal”, probably meaning thatthe dreamer is mentioned in thedative rather than the nominative.(UT:396)

olassie n. foliage Or just a collectionof leaves (Letters:283)

see also: lasseOlorin phr. dreamer?, visionary?,

Gandalf The name of the Maia thatbecame Gandalf.

see also: olorolor n. dream, vision Compare with

lorenetymology: LOS- (sleep)→ olozi

= dreamunusual conjugations: pl : olorisee also: loren

olos n. snow, fallen-snow

etymology: GOLOS- = snowolosse n. snow This is a poetic word

used often due to similarity withlosse = flower (generally only whiteblossom)

see also: losse, olosolosta adj. dreamy (UT:396)

see also: olosolva n. plant Specifically refers to:

”growing things with roots in theearth” (Silm)

olwa n. branch Obviously related toolva

etymology: GOLOB → primitivegolba = branch

Olwe phr. name-masc, branch?(PM:340), difficult to interpret(PM:341)

see also: olvaoma n. voice (Nam, RGEO:67).

Instrumental pl. omainen ”withvoices” (WJ:391)

oma n. vowel As seen in the com-pounds omataina and sundoma

omataina n?. vocalic extension???Taryn - also seems like the passiveparticiple of an unattested verb omata-(WJ:371, 417)

etymology: -ina, omata-?omatehtar n. vowel-signs The

signs used for vowels (WJ:396)see also: oma, tehtar

omentie n. meeting Refers to ameeting or junction of the directionsof two people (WJ:367)

-on, -ion gram. of, out-of, from-among, grammar-genitiveRefers to something coming fromor being ”of” something eg aldaron= ”of trees”, aranion = ”of suns”.

110 O

Taryn - I cannot remember which is forwhich

etymology: ΞO- = ”from, out-of”+ prim plural m

see also: hoondo n. stone This refers to stone as

the material, as in when you speakof ”stone”, rather than ”a stone” -which is referred to as sard

etymology: GOND = stonesee also: sard

Ondolinde phr. Gondolin referredto as ”heart of hidden rock” inEtym:GOND Taryn - where is thismentioned? what is it? (SA:gond)

Ondoher phr. Stone-lord, name-masc

see also: her-, ondoOndor phr. stone-land, name-

place This is Gondor - though thatis Sindarin name (Appendix A)

see also: -dor, ondoonona adj. twin-born

see also: nona-, o-onona n. twin Specifically one of a

pair of twins (WJ:367)see also: onona-, -

onot- v. count up Literally: ”reckontogether”

see also: not-, o-onta- v. beget, create Taryn - shows

a double past-tense - is this due to thetransitive/intransitive divide?

etymology: ONOunusual conjugations:see also: past tense : one, past

tense : ontaneonya n. my son This is not thenormal word for ”son”, rather itseem to mean ”my get” (UT:174)

or preposition. over, above HFs course

ora- v. impel, urge VT41:13. to com-pel or force an action, one woulduse the word mauya-

orco n. Orc Taryn - not certain if thisis the right one as later has pl: orquiWJ:390

unusual conjugations: pl : orqui-ore n. earth Taryn - from Endor e =

middle-earthore n. heart, inner-mind, tengwa

#21 (Appendix E) eg the descriptionof Galadriel in PM:337, that ”theredwelt in her the noble and generousspirit (ore) of the Vanyar”.

orma n. matter As referring to phys-ical matter (MR:218, 231, 471)

Ormal phr. over-gold?, name-object One of the Lamps of theValar: *”High-Gold”??? Taryn -maybe gold-plated? → ”over-gold”(Silm)

see also: malta, ororme n. haste, violence, wrath

etymology: GOR = vio-lence/impetus/haste

unusual conjugations: adj : ornaormo adj. riser Taryn - guessed from

Tyelcormo - may have slight variationwhen on its own - seems to be relatedto orta-

see also: orta-orna adj. hasty

etymology: GOR = hasteunusual conjugations: n : orme

orne n. tree (slender) Letters:308,SD:302 states this refers to a tree thatis ”smaller and more slender like abirch or rowan” For the etymology,see Letters:426.

Ornendil phr. Tree-friend, name-

111

masc (Appendix A)see also: -dil, orne

Orocarni phr. Red Mountains,name-place Taryn - where is it?,what place does it refer to? (Silm)

see also: carne, oronorofarne n. Rowan, mountain-

dwelling, mountain-home TheRowan from Quickbeam’s song.(LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in Let-ters:224)

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : carnemıre, lassemista

see also: farne, oronoromarde n. high-hall Literally

”mountain-hall” (Nam, RGEO:66)see also: marde, oron

Orome n. horn-blower, horn-blowing, name-Vala The nameof a Vala, adopted and adaptedfrom Valarin. Observes Pengolodh,”the Eldar now take the nameto signify ’horn-blowing’ or ’horn-blower’, but to the Valar it had nosuch meaning” Taryn - so what *does*it mean? (WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom)

Oromet n. name-place Place-nameof obscure meaning [taryn - couldit be related to Orome as manyother places are named after theirVala?](Silm)

see also: Oromeoron, oro- [oront-]n. mountain

HFs courseOron Oiolosse phr. Mount Ev-

erwhite Literally ”Mount ever-snow”, but ”snow” has been used asa synonym for white before. Taryn -This is the mountain where the Valar satenthroned? (WJ:403)

see also: losse, oio-, oron

Orrostar phr. Eastlands?,name=plase The ”Eastlands”of Numenor Taryn - but what isthe etymology of this? orros ? -tar?(UT:165)

orta- v. rise, raise, lift up Nametymology: originally: etym

ORO, but became ortaosanwe n. thought

unusual conjugations:osanwe-centa phr. telepathy,thought-speech, ESP? More lit-erally: ”communication of thought”(MR:415)

see also: centa, osanweosse n. terror, dread Also used as

the name of a Maia: Osseetymology: GOS = dreadsee also: Osse

Osse n. Terror The name of a MaiaTaryn - In Etym - it says ”see Mandos ,yet I don’t think they are one and thesame as Mandos is lisetd as Namo . Soare these two related, or is Osse simplyrelated to Mandos through the name-ending -os = short for oss e?

etymology: GOS = dreadosto, -os n. fortress, city,

stronghold a strong or forti-fied building or place, (MR:350, 471;WJ:414)

Ostoher phr. City-lord, name-masc (Appendix A)

otso n. seven Cardinal seven (SA:sir)

P

pahta adj. closedpalan adj. far, wide, distant most

well-known eg is Palantır = ”far-seer” (SA)

Palantir phr. Far-sighted, name-masc (Appendix A)

palantır phr. Far-seer the magic far-seeing stones made by the Noldor inthe First Age.

etymology: Etymology in Let-ters:427

Palarran phr. Far-Wanderer,name-ship (UT:179)

see also: palan, ranpanta adj. open HFs course

etymology: Etym PATpanta- v. open HFs course

etymology: Etym PATpapa- v. tremble HFs course

unusual conjugations: pasttense : pampe

parma n. book, tengwa #2 (Ap-pendix E)

parmatema phr. p-series, labialsseries of phonetics sounds generallylinked with a series of the tengwar(Appendix E)

see also: parma, temapata- v. rap, tap as in to make a noise

HFs courseunusual conjugations:see also: past tense : pante

pe n. lip a single lip - not used

very often - more commonly foundas peu = a natural pair of lips.

see also: peupel- v. encircle, surround, go-

around, fence-in SA:pel-pelen adj. fenced, encircled SA:pel-

see also: pel-Pelendur phr. fence-servant?,

defence-servant?, name-masc(Appendix A) Taryn - perhaps ”fence”is not to be taken literally - but perhapsthis is indicative of a person on watch atthe borders?

see also: -dur, pelen?pella postposition?. beyond Appar-

ently a postposition rather than apreposition in Quenya: Andunepella ”beyond the West”, elenillorpella ”from beyond the stars” (Nam,RGEO:66, Markirya)

Pelori phr. defensive heights Themountains raised by the Valar toprotect Aman (SA:pel, WJ:403)

see also: oron, pel-penda adj. sloping

etymology: PENpende n. slope, inclination

etymology: PENpenya adj. lacking, inadequate As

in penya tengwe VT39:19per adj. half Something that has been

halved or half-somethingPereldar phr. half-elven Letters:282

112

113

see also: elda, perpeu n. lips specifically a pair of lips

(ie a natural pair)see also: pe

pıca- v. lessen, dwindle, wane,diminish Markirya

pica adj. little, petty [taryn - guessedfrom pıca- and picinaucor]

Picinaucor, pityanaucor phr.little-dwarves, petty-dwarves(WJ:389)

see also: nauco, picapitya adj. small, little HFs coursePityafinwe phr. Little Finwe,

name-masc He was called Amrodin Sindarin. Short Quenya namePityo (PM:353)

see also: finwe, pityaPityo

see also: Pityafinwepiuta v. spitpol- v. can eg ”I can” = polin Note

that polin is in the aorist form as it isgenerally used to describe anotherverb as in: polin quete QuenyaVT:41:6

pusta- v. stop HFs courseetymology: from PUS

purea adj. bleared, smeared, dis-coloured eg anar purea = a sunbleared (Markirya)

Q

quaco n. crow (WJ:395)qual- v. die painfully

etymology: KWAL = die in painqualin adj. dead

etymology: KWAL- = die in painunusual conjugations: n :

qualme, synonym : firinqualme n. agony, painful death

Die in a more peaceful sort of wayis fir-

etymology: KWAL- = die in painunusual conjugations: synonym

: firin, antonym : cuilequame n. sickness Compare with

caila = ”abed due to illness”, andengwe = ”prone to sickness”/”witha capability to get sick”

etymology: KWAM- = sicknessquanta-, quat- v. fill This is an inter-

esting verb as there are two attestedforms - as yet we are not sure whichis correct. Taryn - is there a possi-bility of trqansitive/intransitive compar-ison between them? If os it seems thatquanta- would be the intransitive ”it isfull” as opposed to quat- ”he filled it”(WJ:392)

etymology: Etym KWATAunusual conjugations: adj :

quantaquanta prep. full for example:

”quante tengwi” = full signs HFscourse

etymology: KWAT- = fullunusual conjugations: v :

quanta-Quantarie n. Day of Completion,

Oldyear’s Day lit. ”filled day”(PM:127)

see also: quanta,arequantien, quantien” phr. full

year from quanta- + yen note that”yen” becomes ”ien” as if smearedwhen spoken quickly. PM:126

see also: quanta,yenquare, quar n. fist ”Though its chief

use was in reference to the tightlyclosed hand as in using an im-plement or a craft-tool rather thanto the ’fist’ as used in punching”PM:318

etymology: KWAR- = clutchinghand/fist

quel- v. fade, wane, witherThis word binds closer to the con-cept of ”wither” than the otherglosses. Compare with: pıca- =”lessen/dwindle” sinta- = ”fade”dom- = ”fade/dim”

etymology: KWEL- =fade/wither

unusual conjugations: syn-onyms : dom-, pıca-, sinta-

quelet, queletsi n. corpse Some-thing faded/withered. Taryn -queletsi is listed with quelet and there

114

115

is no difference mentioned in Etym.

etymology: KWEL-(wither/fade)→ kwellett = corpse

quelie adj. waning, fadingunusual conjugations: v : quel-

quelle n. fading (the), autumnIn the calendar of Imladris a pre-cisely defined period of 54 days, butalso used without any exact defini-tion, for the latter part of autumnand the beginning of winter (Ap-pendix D) Fading generally refers tothe sun’s light fading - as in Nar-quelion = ”sun-waning”

see also: quel-quen, -quen pronoun?. one,

(some)body, person, individ-ual The meaning of the pluralshould also be explained as: ”per-sons”, ”(some) people”, ”they” withthe most general meaning (as in”they [= people in general] saythat...”). It was combined withnoun and adjective stems in oldcompounds to denote habitual oc-cupations or functions, or to de-scribe those having some notable(permanent) quality; examples in-clude roquen, ciryaquen, arquen,q.v. Also in aiquen, ilquen (WJ:361cf. 360, 372)

quende n. elf This singular form isnot often employed. Taryn - Possi-bly only use it when trying to draw aten-tion to the fact that this person is an elf,rather then just a man or woman etc.

etymology: KWEN(ED) →kwenede = elf

Quendendil, Quendil adj.aelfwine, Elf-friend (WJ:410)

see also: -dil, quendeQuenderin adj. elvish ”Quen-

dian” or belonging to the Elves asa whole. Gnerally considered alearned word. (WJ:407)

see also: -rin?, quendeQuendi n. elves The elves as a

race (note the singular quende isnot much used) SA:quen-/quet-

quendi n. elf-female MR:229etymology: Changed from

quendepl quendir

quendu n. elf-male MR:229etymology: Changed from

quendopl quendur

Quendya n. Elves (arch) Thisis the original form of the wordQuenya, preserved in the Vanyarindialect (Quenya is the Noldorinform) (WJ:361, 371)

quenta n. story, tale Taryn - Possiblycan be generalised to ”a writing” due toit’s origins.

etymology: KWET- (say) →kwenta = tale

see also: quet-quentale n. an accounting, his-

tory Taryn - I can vaguely see the dif-ference between this and quenta andthis and lumequental e, but the differ-ence is not written down and thus notexplicit.

etymology: KWET- (say) →kwenta = tale

see also: quet-quentaro n. narrator The one who

is reciting th tale. Taryn - Thoughcould posibly also be used for a regu-lar teller of tales = a storyteller.

116 Q

etymology: KWET- (say) →kwentro = narrator

see also: quet-quenya n. speech, language,

elvish The language-nameQuenya is said to mean prop-erly ”language, speech”. However,Quenya (archaic Quendya, stillso in Vanyarin) is also interpreted”Elvish” (as in the speech of elvishpeople just as ”English” is thespeech of english people). Theadjective corresponding to Quendiis no longer used as a general adjec-tive, eg Quenya lambe = ”Quenyatongue” is used instead of justQuenya as ”elvish” (WJ:407)

etymology: KWEN(ED) →kwenede = elf

querna adj. turned Isolated fromnuquerna = ”under-turned” = re-versed, turned upside down

quesse n. feather, tengwa #4 (Ap-pendix E, WJ:417)

etymology: KWES → kwesse =feather

quesset n. pillow The name stemsfrom the down used to fill a pillow.

see also: quessequessetema n. feather-series,

labialized series A series of thetengwar with soft, feathery sounds,starting with ”qu” (Appendix E)

see also: quesse, temaquet- v. say, speak, tell

etymology: KWET- = sayquetil n. language, toungue

This seems to be the more ”for-mal” way of saying a language (re-ferring to the stem KWET- as both

words and also somthing that canbe said). The more vernacular use-age of ”toungue” is lambe. Taryn -This entry is listed in Etym, but I haven’tyet found lamb e in tehre and there is noreference made to it, so I do not know ifthis is less (or more) valid.

etymology: KWET- = sayunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : lambesee also: quet-

quetta n. wordetymology: KWET- = saysee also: quet-

quinga n. bow The weapon usedfor shooting arrows. To refer to abow that you tie in your shoelaces(or anything else that is bow-shapedor curved) use cu

etymology: KWIG = bowsee also: cu

R

-r gram. grammar-pluralisation-nouns-vowel-ending,grammar-pluralisation-verbs-a-stem This letter pluralises agood deal of words - both nouns,and their verb components (verbsand adjectives in Quenya mustagree in number with their nouns)- but only for words that end in avowel. Contrast with -i (for nounsending in a consonant). Note also,that verbs must agree in muberwith thier subject only, not theirobject. It is also used for words inwhich the -i plural might becomemistaken for the partitive plural -lisuch as for malle which becomesmaller (NB: there are few definiteattestations to this, but it is a reason-able assumption). Note, adjectivesform their plurals in -e rather than-r or -i

etymology: Aparrently begunamong the Noldor PM:402.

unusual conjugations: -ea,-i,-lira [rav]n. lion Taryn - looks like it’s re-

lated to hr ave HFs courserac- v. break Markiryaraca n. wolf

etymology: From DARAK = wolfracina adj. stripped, deprived As

racina tengwi VT39:6see also: rac-

racina adj. broken as past tense ofrac-

see also: rac-raica adj. crooked, bent, wrong

LR:383, LR:47rama n. wing Nam, RGEO:66 the pl.

ramainen lit: ”with wings” is gen-erally translated ”on wings”.

ramaloce n. winged-dragonetymology: loce, ramaunusual conjugations:

ramba n. wall (SA)Rana adj. wayward, wandering A

name of the moon (MR:198, Silm)see also: ran

ran- v. wander, stray SA:ran-ran n. wanderer From Palarranranco n. arm

unusual conjugations:see also: dual : rancu

ranga n. yard, pace, metre ThisNumenorean linear measure was”slightly longer than our yard, ap-proximately 38 inches [= 96.5 cm]”.(UT:285, 461)

rasse n. horn This refers to a horm,or peak-shaped object eg in the Sin-darin: Caradhras (PM:69)

rauco n. monster, demon ”apowerful, hostile, and terrible crea-ture”, especially in the compoundValarauco ”Demon of Might” = theQuenya word for ”balrog” (WJ:415,

117

118 R

cf. SA)raumo n. storm-noise The noise of

a storm Markirya - seems related toRauros

Rauros n. thunder-falls? The greatwaterfall on Aunduin on the way toGondor - making a sound like thun-der

rave n. roar In general a roaring noiseravea adj. roaring Markirya

see also: ravere, -re n. day A full 24hour day

reckoned from sunset to sunset (Ap-pendix D)

-rel n. daughter, feminine-extension? Taryn - guessed fromsome female names - appears to turnthe name into a feminine one

rembe n. mesh (Appendix E, in a foot-note)

rer- v. sow as in, to sow seedetymology: REDunusual conjugations: past

tense : renderic- v. twist, twine VT39:9

etymology: probably from rig- =”twine, wreathe”

rielle, riel phr. garlanded maidenThe full form rielle means ”amaiden crowned with a festival gar-land” (PM:347)

etymology: from primitive rig-”twine, wreathe”

rihta- v. jerk to jerk (aorist form)ril n. flame?, radiance, brilliancerıma n. edgerimba- adj. many, numerous HFs

coursesee also: rimbe

rimbe n. great number, host,

multitude Often used to form col-lective plurals. (SA:rim, Letters:282)

see also: rimba-rına adj. crowned from Elerrınarince n. quick shake HFs course

etymology: Etym RIK(H) becameprimitive rinki

ring, ringa adj. cold, chill Com-pare with helca which means ”icycold”Markirya

unusual conjugations: synonym: helca

Ringare n. December, month#12 The twelfth and last month ofthe year, ”December” (Appendix D,SA:ring); the word seems to mean”Cold-day”.

see also: re, ringa-ro pron.. he pronominal ending ”he”,

eg in antavaroro n. horse [taryn - guessed from

roquen = ”horseman” and Rohan =”horse-lands”]

ro- v. ride Taryn - guessed from roquen= rider

ro- v. riseetymology: ETYM RO

rocco riding-horse, swift horse. SA:rochunusual conjugations:

roita- v. pursue HF:8etymology: ROY

rom- v. trumpet To make the noiseof a trumpet or horn

roma n. horn This the objects of bothtrumpets and horns - as opposedto rasse which is of the horn-shape.(WJ:368)

etymology: from rom- a stem re-ferring to the sound of trumpets andhorns

119

Romen n. east, uprising, sun-rise, tengwa #25 (SA:romen) Taryn- possible interpretation of ”rising way”ie the way the sun rises

see also: men, roRomenna phr. eastward A place

in the eastern part of Numenor,is simply the allative ”eastward”(SA:romen)

see also: -na, romenRomendacil phr. East-victor (Ap-

pendix A; cf. Letters:425)see also: dacil, romen

-ron ?. ? Taryn - a grammatical phraseI want to check before adding it withdefinitiveness gen. pl. ending

rondo n. cave, vault, arch ”avaulted or arched roof, as seenfrom below” (and usually not visi-ble from outside); ”a (large) hall orchamber so roofed” (WJ:414) For Ex-ample: ”casarrondo” = ”Dwarven-hall” = Moria

roquen n. horseman, rider,knight, cavalryman (WJ:372,UT:282)

see also: quen, roros n. East? from hyarrostar Taryn

- guessed... may mean somethingslightly different, but works when you’retalking about ”south-east”

rosse n. fine rain, dew (PM:371)rotto n. grotto, tunnel Refers specif-

ically to ”a small grot or tunnel”(PM:365)

Ru, Ruatan n. Drug, Drughu,woses, wild-men (UT:385) thequenyanised name for the Woses orwild-men

rucima adj. terrible (WJ:415)

ruc- v. horrify? Taryn - constructedfrom rucin = ”I feel horror” (WJ:415)

rucina adj. confused, shat-tered, disordered, ruined” inMarkirya (the first version ofthis poem had ”red skies”,MC:215, changed to ”ruinedskies” in the final version; seeMC:220, note 8)

unusual conjugations:ruhta- v. terrify (WJ:415)

ruma- v. shift, move, heave Gener-ally used of large and heavy thingsparticiple rumala in Markirya; thiswas changed to ruma, evidently thenaked verbal stem used as participle

unusual conjugations: participle: ruma

Rumil phr. shifter?, masc. nameThe interpretation is unclear andmay be related to ruma- - butdoesn’t as yet make any sense asit appears to be in second personaorist form = ”you move? you shift?you heave?” (WJ:398)

see also: ruma-runya phr. red flame (SA:ruin;

PM:366 gives runya) Taryn - no ideaof the etymology here - probably a van-yarin word for red

rus n. copper as evidenced in calarus= ”burnished/polished copper”

see also: russarusco [ruscu-]n. fox (PM:353)

see also: -ca?, rusruscuite adj. foxy

see also: ite?, ruscorussa adj. copper, russet as per the

colour for hairsee also: ambarussa,russandol

120 R

Russandol phr. Copper-top A nickname (epesse) ofMaitimo/Nelyafinwe (PM:354)

see also: -dol, russaruxa- v. crumble Markirya-rya ?. ? Taryn - another grammat-

ical point that will wait until verifiedpronominal ending ”his, her” (Nam,RGEO:67)

S

-s pron. it Taryn - refer to longer formsaccat- v. rend assumed from sac-

cante = ”rent” (SD:246)saila adj. wise HFs course

etymology: from sairaSalmar phr. name-masc ety-

mology unclear: sal- + -mar =”home/settle” (Silm)

salque n. grass HFs coursesanda n. shield Taryn - guessed from

sandastansandastan [sandastam-]phr.

shield-barrier A battle-formationUT:282;

see also: sanda, stamasanga n. press, throng, crowd

(spec), group (spec), phalanx?in Sangahyando ”Throng-cleaver”,name of a man in Gondor (SA:thang;a footnote in Letters:425 explains that”throng” here means a closely formedbody of enemy soldiers) Taryn - com-pare with rimb e

sarat n. letter Any individual sig-nificant mark, used of the lettersof Rumil after the invention ofFeanor’s tengwar (WJ:396)

sar [sard-]n. stone, rock as an ob-ject, rather than the material ”stone”

etymology: Etymologies, entrySAR

sarda adj. hard, solid As in sardatengwe VT39:17

see also: sar-Sardi tengwe n. stone-series,

tengwar series Refers to the Taryn- can’t rem which series of the Teng-war - those with heavy sounds.

see also: sar, tengwesarnie n. shingle, pebble-bank

(UT:463)see also: sar

saur adj. abhominable, abhor-rent

Sauron phr. the Abhorred, name-Maia if you don’t know who this is- you haven’t red LotR

etymology: Earlier Thauron(SA:thaur), archaic thaurond- (Let-ters:380, where a special letter is usedinstead of the digraph th)

seldo n. child-masc? Taryn - Tolkiendidn’t provide a specific gloss - but itwas used in the context of discussing achild and appears to have a masculineform so probably means ”boy” wheras”seldie” perhaps means girl?

etymology: SEL-Dseler [sell-]n. sister LR:392

unusual conjugations: pl : selliselma n. fixed idea, will WJ:319

etymology: The ar-chaic/Vanyarin form is thelmais given, actually spelt with theletter thorn, not the digraph th

sen n. children from Erusen

121

122 S

ser- v. restetymology: SEDunusual conjugations: past

tense : sendeserce n. blood (SA:sereg)sere n. rest

etymology: Etymologies: SEDserta- v. tie QL:83Serinde phr. Broideress, Needle-

woman, name-fem (PM:333)etymology: Original form

Therinde, then the letter thorn waastransformed into s

sı ?. now Taryn - this needs investigationas there appear many forms - probablyall of slightly different meaning (Nam,RGEO:67, LR:47, 310), sin (LR:47) orsın (SD:247, 310) before vowels. InFS, sı is translated ”here”.

sil- v. shine specific to white or silver-shining - eg starlight or moon-light. Compare with cal- which alsomeans ”to shine” but refers to anysort of light Nam

unusual conjugations: synonym: cal-

silima n. silmaril-substance Thesubstance the Silmarils were madeof, invented by Feanor (SA:sil)

Silmarien phr. shining-jewel,name-fem (Appendix A)

see also: silmarilSilmaril, silmarille [silmarill-

]n. jewel stones (of Feanor)The shining jewels made by Feanor(SA:sil) Translated ”radiance of purelight” in Letters:148. Genitive Sil-marillion, as in Quenta Silmaril-lion ”(the story) of the Silmarils”.Taryn - if ril means flame, then these

could be star-flamessee also: miril, ril-, sil-, silme

silme n. starlight, tengwa #29(Appendix E)

silme nuquerna phr. s-reversed,tengwa #30 This tengwa is similarto normal silme but turned upsidedown (Appendix E)

see also: nuquerna, silmeSilpion phr. silver(-shining) one

An alternative name of Telperion -the white tree of Valinor. The namerefers to the shining silver dew srip-ping from the flowers of this tree.(Silm)

etymology: Derived from a stemSıLIP, a longer form of SIL (alsoTHIL) = ”shine silver” (LR:385)

sımen ?. ? [taryn - will waitfor confirmation on this along withthe ”now” words] ”here” (FS; cf.sinome in EO)

sin ?. ? Taryn - will get backto this after confirmation (1) a wordeither meaning ”thus” (adverb) or”this” (as an independent word inthe sentence, not modifying an-other word like sina does). At-tested in the sentence sin quenteQuendingoldo Elendilenna, either*”this Pengolodh said to Elendil” or”thus spoke Pengolodh to Elendil”(PM:401). (2) a form of sı ”now”(q.v.) occurring before vowels, pos-sibly replaced by sın.

sina ?. ? Taryn - need to confirmthis ”this” (following its noun inour sole example: vanda sina ”thisoath”) (CO)

sinca n. flint Taryn - from sincahondasincahonda adj. flint-hearted

123

(LotR3:VI ch. 6)see also: sinca, hon

sinda adj. grey SA:thin(d)Sindar n. Grey (the), Grey-elves

lit. ”Grey ones” WJ:375see also: sinda

Sindarin adj. Grey-elven Normallyused of the Grey-elven language.(Appendix F)

see also: sindasinde adj. grey, pale-grey, silvery

grey WJ:384 In SA:thin(d) the formgiven is sinda. Sinde and sindaare apparently variants of the sameword.

etymology: The Vanyarin dialectpreserves the older form thinde

Sindel n. Grey-elf Sinda and Sindarare also possible, but less common(WJ:384)

see also: sinda, sindeSindacollo, Sindicollo phr. Grey-

cloak A title of Elwe (Elu) (Sin-darin Thingol). (WJ:410, MR:217)

etymology: Original form:Thindicollo (WJ:333).

see also: colla, sinda, sindeSingollo Sindacollo A contraction

of Sindacollo (Silm)see also: Sindacollo

sinome phr. in this place [taryn -this may be naturally formed, andthus not required... I’ll get back to itwhen I figure that out.] (EO)

sinta- v. fade Taryn - related to sind e?Presumably - grey-out

etymology: Etym THIN(D)unusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : quel-sir- v. flow LR:385

etymology: from SIRSiriondil phr. Flowing-one-

friend, name-masc The word”Sirion” seems to mean ”flowing-one” but may have a more specificgloss. perhaps ”friends of rivers” ismore appropriate? (Appendix A)

see also: -dil, -ion, sir-siule v (tr). incitementsoica adj. thirstysorno n. eagle (Letters:427)

etymology: archaic thorno -Tolkien used to use soron and thisis evidenced in several names, butit seems that it has been changed tosorno

Sorontar phr. eagle-lord = Sin-darin Thorondor, name of an Eagle(SA:thoron)

see also: sorno, -tarSoronume phr. name-

constellation, Western-eagle?,eagle-descending? The name ofa constellation, apparently incorpo-rating soron ”eagle” and probablynume which could either be ”west”or ”descending” (SA:thoron)

see also: nume, sorno-sse gram. ? Taryn - a grammatical form

I’ll get to when I get to it, but seem to beused to turn an adjctive into the noun -like ”ity”→ so divine, would become ”di-vinity” if you added -ss e to it. There isalso one instance where it seems to beused from a verb to a noun: cir- ”cut”→ ciriss e ”gash” - however, this maybe a false identification due to the stemof that word incorporating -IS locativeending; in Loriendesse, q.v.; pl. -ssen in yassen, mahalmassen

124 S

stama- v. bar, exclude Taryn - fromsandastan

-star n. -lands Taryn - guessed fromAndustar and ”-lands” words

stir n. face Taryn - a *very* tentativeguess from carnistir - almost certainlywrong, but I know there is another ref-erence to it somewhere so I’ll get backand change it later

suc- v. drinketymology: SUK

sule [suli-]n. spirit, tengwa #9(Appendix E)

etymology: Originally thule, be-fore the shift th ¿ s that occurredshortly before the rebellion of theNoldor

sulime n. March, month #3 With ameaning refering to the winds Taryn- strangely, though, as that would meanit should be surim e - this seems to referto spirits (SA:sul)

see also: suleSulimo phr. name-Vala A title of

Manwe (SA:sul) [taryn - uncertainetymology]

see also: sulesuma n. cavity, bosom Hollow cav-

ity Markiryasunda n. root, base Where some-

thing stems/proceeds fromsundo n. consonant-base,

consonant-stem A quenyanstem base

sundoma n. base-vowel, stem-vowel The determinant vowel of abase. Christopher Tolkien gives theexample KAT, which stem has thesundoma A; the stem TALAT hasthe sundoma repeated; in deriva-tive forms the sundoma might be

placed before the first consonant;e.g. ATALAT (WJ:319)

see also: sundosungwa n. drinking-vessel, cup

(n), mug?sure [suri-]n. wind(n) Instrumental

surinen ”in the wind” or more liter-ally ”by the wind” Nam, RGEO:66,

Surion phr. wind-son, name-masc (Appendix A)

suya- v. breathe HFs course

T

-t gram. grammar-dual-ending,grammar-pluralisation-dualdenotes a pair of something:maryat ”her (pair of) hands” (Nam)”originally” meant as a purely nu-merative form as a shorthand formof atta, it came to be used as anotherform of the matched-pair style dualending like -u. Note: having lostthe meaning-distinction betweenthe two possible dual-endings,the choice of -u or -t is generallydetermined by euphony eg alduand ciryat

see also: -u-t pron. them The short version of

this pronominal ending seen in theword laituvalmet ”we shall blessthem” The independent word is teand the long-version in -nte

see also: -nte, tetac- v. fasten, fix, make-fast HFs

courseetymology: from TAK

tal [tal-]n. footetymology: dual : talu, pl : taliunusual conjugations:

taita- v. prolong HFs courseetymology: TAY

talan [talam-]n. floor esp as in the”floors” built by the elves in Lorienup in the trees

etymology: From primitive ta-

lam LR:390talat- v. slipping, sliding, falling

(down) Taryn - is this a tense-difference between this as talta- ? (Let-ters:347)

talta- v. slip, slide down, collapseMarkirya

see also: talat-tan- v. make?, build? Taryn - this

is guessed from -tan as it seems that”watcher” is -tir just as tir- is to watch

see also: -tan-tan adj. maker, builder as in sev-

eral namessee also: ciryatan, minastan

tana- v. show, indicate (MR:350,385, 471)

tana ?. that Used in the demonstra-tive: ”that”, when asked to indicate(thus it’s relation to the verb)

see also: tana-Tancol n. Signifer Referred to as:

”the significant star”, this is a namefor Venus (MR:385)

see also: tana-taniquelasse phr. signifies-

speech-leaf? The name of atree (UT:167), possible etymology:Tanique(til) + lasse ”leaf”

see also: lasse, taniquetilTaniquetil phr. indication of

speech? The highest of the moun-tains of Valinor, upon which were

125

126 T

the mansions of Manwe and Varda;properly, this name refers to the top-most peak only, the whole moun-tain being called Oiolosse (SA:til)Taryn - guessed etymology from tana-+ quet e

tanna n. sign, indication Obvi-ously related to tana- - this is pre-sumably something that has beenindicated or shown to be. (MR:385)

see also: tana-tam- v. tap Taryn - tap to make noise? or

tap as in ”reach deep resources” or tapas in ”attach a tap to” → see the Etymentry to check (tap to make a noise ispata)

etymology: Etym TAMtap- v. stop, cease, block, end

see also: Etym TAPtapta adj, n. hindered, impeded,

consonant as in tapta tengwe =impeded signs - no doubt there isa secondary, noun-meaning to taptaas in sarda

unusual conjugations:tar prep. beyond (FS)

tar- adj. high, lofty A titular elementprefixed to the names of the Kingsand Queens of Numenor (e.g. Tar-Amandil)

Tar-Ciryatan phr. king-shipbuilder, name-masc nameof a Numenorean king (SA:kir-)

see also: tar- ciryatanTareldar phr. High-elves Taryn - I

think these were the elves that left forValinor. (MR:349)

see also: Elda, tartara adj. lofty, tall, high Also used

in a sense to mean noble or above

others in station or purity. (WJ:417)see also: tar-

Tarannon phr. High-gift?, name-masc (Appendix A)

see also: anna, tar-Tarcalion phr. high-golden-

shining, name-king Quenyaname of Ar-Pharazon (LR:47,SD:246)

see also: calion, tar-Tarcil phr. high-man, name-masc

Also used to mean NumenoreanTaryn - where does it say this? (Ap-pendix A)

see also: -cil?, tar-tari n. queen, high-lady Etymolog-

ically ”she that is high” (SA:tar)unusual conjugations: posses-

sive : tarinya (not tarinya)see also: tar-

tarie n. height (LotR3:VI ch. 4, trans-lated in Letters:308)

see also: tar-Tarion n. weekday #6 The alterna-

tive name of Valanya, the last day ofthe Eldarin six-day week, dedicatedto the Powers (Valar) (Appendix D)Taryn - etymology seems to indicate”high-one”

tarma n. pillar Taryn - obviously seemsto be related to the fact that it reachesto the hieghts = tar- (SA:tar)

see also: tar-Tarmasundar phr. Roots of the

Pillar, name-place The slopes ofMeneltarma in Numenor (UT:166)

see also: sunda, tarmaTarmenel phr. High Heaven, the

true firmament As opposed toNur-menel (LotR1:II ch. 1)

127

see also: menel, tar-Tarondor phr. Lord of On-

dor (Gondor), name-masc (Ap-pendix A)

see also: Ondor, tar-Tarostar phr. Lord of the cas-

tle/sity, name=masc (AppendixA)

see also: osto, tar-tarya adj. stifftasar n. willow (SA:tathar)Tasarinan phr. Willow-vale,

name-place Also Nan-Tasarion= ”valley of the willows” (LotR2:IIIch. 4)

see also: tasar, nantatya n. second Ordinal two - as op-

posed to atta = cardinal twosee also: atta

Tatyar phr. Seconds, name-groupThe original name of the Noldor(or rather the direct Quenya descen-dant of the original name) (WJ:380)

see also: -r, tatyataura adj. mighty, powerful HFs

coursetaure n. wood, forest (SA:taur, Let-

ters:308) Taryn - I find it interesting that”forest” is synonymous with ”mighty”

taurea adj. forested In the ”entish”string: Tumbaletaurea

Taurelilomea-tumbalemornaTumbaletaurea Lomeanorphr. Lothlorien The ”Entish”-style phrase describing LothLo-rien by Treebeard, translatedliterally: ”Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalley-forested Gloomyland”, but glossed:”there is a black shadow in thedeep dales of the forest” (LotR2:III

ch. 4; translated in Appendix F under”Ents”; cf. also Letters:308)

see also: -li, lome, -nor, morna,taure, taurea, tumbale

Tauremorna phr. black-forest,name-place Taryn - but which for-est? (LotR2:III ch. 4)

see also: morna, taureTauremornalome phr. Forest of

Black Night, name-place Taryn- which forest again? (LotR2:III ch. 4)

etymology: lome, morna, taureunusual conjugations:

te pron. them This is theindependant-word format of thispronoun, it is generally only usedin the emphatic sense - where in En-glish it would be capitalised or writ-ten in italics (LotR3:VI ch. 4, trans-lated in Letters:308)

see also: -nte, -ttec- v. write HFs coursetecil n. pen (PM:318)Taryn - ”il” seems

to end a number of words - wondering ifit means ”implement” (see macil also)

tehta n. signs, diacritics Often usedof the Feanorian vowel-signs (ex-plicitly omatehtar) (Appendix E)

tel- v. finish, be last, end (spec)To be in the rear of a set - eg Teleri→ the last of the elves to follow theValar.

telco n. stem Taryn - as in the stem ofEnglish? (Appendix E)

Telcontar phr. Strider Taryn - etymol-ogy seems wierd (MR:216)

telda adj. last, final (WJ:407)tele- v (int). finish, end Also ”be the

last thing or person in a series or se-quence of events” (WJ:411)

128 T

Telemmaite phr. Silver-handed,masculine name Note assimila-tion of ”pm” to ”mm” (Appendix A)

see also: maite, telepTelemnar phr. Silver-flame, mas-

culine name Taryn - Is this thequenyan word for mithril? Note as-similation from ”pn” to ”mn” (Ap-pendix A)

see also: nar, telepTeleri n. hindmost, last ”those at

the end of the line, the hindmost”, aname of the Lindar, the third clan ofthe Eldar (WJ:382 cf. 371), derivedfrom the stem tel- ”finish, end, belast” (SA:tel-) refers to the sea-elvesthat were the last group to followthe Valar.

see also: tel-telluma n. dome, copula, vault

Especially the ”Dome of Varda”over Valinor, but also applied to thedomes of the mansion of Manweand Varda upon Taniquetil.

etymology: Adopted fromValarin delguma under the in-fluence of pure Quenya telume(WJ:399, 411)

see also: telumetelma n. conclusion, final-touch

”a conclusion, anything used to fin-ish off a work or affair”, often ap-plied to the last item in a structure,such as a coping-stone, or a topmostpinnacle (WJ:411)

see also: tel-telpe n. silver tyelpe is the true

Quenya descendant of primitivekyelepe, but the Telerin form telpewas more common, ”for the Teleriprized silver above gold, and their

skill as silversmiths was esteemedeven by the Noldor” (UT:266).

etymology: Probably of Telerinorigin; see Letters:426 or UT:266 fora discussion of etymology.

telpe adj. silverunusual conjugations: n : telpe,

tyelpeTelperien, Telperien phr. silvery-

maid, feminine name (AppendixA)

see also: telpe, -ientelperin adj. silvery like silver in

hue or worth, though not actuallymade of silver

see also: -in, telpeTelperinqua phr. silver-hand,

masculine name Quenyan ver-sion of the Sindarin name Celebrim-bor. Here the word telperin refersnot to his hand being *of* silver, butsilver in hue or worth.(SA:celeb)

see also: quare, telperinTelperion n. Silver-one The White

Tree of Valinor, also referred to asSilpion, referring ot the shining, sil-ver dew it dropped.

see also: -on, Silpion, telpetelu adj. last Taryn - guessed from

telufinw eTelufinwe phr. Last Finwe, name-

masc He was called Amras in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Telvo.(PM:353)

see also: finwe, telutelume n. roof, canopy, dome

WJ:411see also: telluma

Telumehtar phr. dome-swordsman, orion, sky-

129

warrior, name-constellationThe archaic name of the constel-lation of Orion, also knwon asMenelmacar. (Appendix E, WJ:411)

see also: mehtar, Menelmacar,telume

Telumendil phr. Sky-friend,name-constellation (Silm)

etymology: telumeunusual conjugations:

telya- v (tr). finish, windup, conclude A completion orfinishing-up - appears to refer toconclusion in a natural manner.Compare with metya- which seemsto denote a more sudden, immedi-ate end, without benefit of comple-tion. (WJ:411)

tema n. series Often used in relationto the various series’ of the Tengwarsounds. (Appendix E)

tenasee also: tera

tengwa n. letter A letter, the writtenrepresentation of a tengwe. In non-technical usage tengwa was equiv-alent to ”consonant”, since only theconsonants were full signs (WJ:396)

tengwe n. indication, sign,token, phoneme, sound, el-ement (WJ:394); for example:hlonıti tengwi ”phonetic signs”(WJ:395)

tengwesta n. system, code Specifi-cally a system or code of signs. Thisis a technical term for ”language”,including languages not made up ofsounds (WJ:394), but used to mean”spoken language” when unquali-fied

see also: tengwetengwestie n. Language As ab-

stract or phenomenon (WJ:394)see also: tenwe

tenna prep. until, up to, as far astennoio phr. for ever Literally ”until

always”see also: oio, tenna

ter prep. through, apart (Notes onCO, UT:317)

tera adj. straight LR:47tercen n. insight literally ”through-

sight” (MR:471)teren, terene adj. slender, thin HFs

courseTerendul phr. Slender-and-dark,

name-masc (LR:59)see also: teren, -dul

terhat- v. break apart, breakasunder, break through

etymology: Etym SKATsee also: hat-,ter

termar- v. stand (last) This is theproverbial ”last stand” - literallymeaning ”through-abide” Cirion’sOath

see also: mar-, tertie n. path Namarietihta- v. blink, peer Markiryatil n. point, horn, tine A thin, nar-

row, pointed objectTilion n. the Horned, name-Maia

The name of a Maia, steersman ofthe Moon (SA:til)

tinco n. metal, tengwa #1 (Ap-pendix E)

tincotema n. t-series, dental se-ries, metal-series The series oftengwar that make up the dentalconsonants - starting with ”t”. Lit-

130 T

erally the word means ”metal se-ries” and the sound is said to have ametallic ”sound-taste” (Appendix E)

see also: tema, tincotindome n. twilight-dawn, starry

twilight, star-fading (SA:tin),usually of the time near dawn, notnear evening This time was also re-ferred to as ”star-fading”

etymology: From DOMO = faint,dim→ domi = twilight

see also: tinwetindomerel phr. dawn-daughter,

twilight-daughter More poeti-cally: ”daughter of the twilight”,a poetic name for the nightingale(Sindarin Tinuviel) (SA:tin)

see also: -rel, tindometinta- v. kindle, make-sparkle

Cause an object to sparkle. egin Tintalle ”Kindler”, a title ofVarda who made the stars (SA:tin,MR:388)

Tintalle phr. Kindler A title ofVarda who kindled the stars (Nam,RGEO:67).

see also: tinta-tintila- v. twinkle (Nam, RGEO:67)

see also: tintatinwe n. spark, sparkle

(sparkling obj) (MR:388)unusual conjugations: v : ita-,

causative: tintatinwi n. sparks, star-imagines

Properly used of the star-imagineson Nur-menel

see also: nille, tinwetir- v. watch, watch over, guard,

heed Markiryasee also: tır

tır, -tir adj. watcher, guard, seer ieone who watches/guards/sees

Tirion phr. Great Watchtower,name-place a city of the Elves(SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is”Watchful City”)

see also: tir-tirno n. watchertitta adj. tinytiuca adj. thick, fat HFs coursetiuco n. thightiuya- v. swell, grow (swollen or

fat)to n. wooltol n. isle eg Tol Eressea ”The Lonely

Isle” (Silm)toltea n. eighth ordinal eight

unusual conjugations: cardinal :tolto

tolto n. eight cardinal eightunusual conjugations: ordinal :

tolteatop- v. cover HFs course

etymology: Etym TOPtuc- v. draw Taryn - Presumably to

make pictures rather than to pull waterout of a well

etymology: TUKtuile n. spring In the calendar of Im-

ladris a precisely defined period of54 days, but also used without anyexact definition. (Appendix D)

tuilere n. Spring-day A day outsidethe months in the Steward’s Reck-oning, inserted between Sulimeand Vıresse (March and April). thiswas considered a holiday

see also: are, tuiletuilindo n. a swallow Literally

”spring-singer”

131

etymology: tuile (spring) + lindo(singer)

tul- v. come, approach, move-towards eg utulie’n aure ”Day hascome” Note: the function of the ’nis unclear, it may simply be insertedfor euphony.

etymology: TULunusual conjugations: past

tense : tullesee also: tulta-

tulca adj. yellow (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and

adapted from ValarinTulcas phr. yelow-one?, name-

vala (WJ:399)etymology: Adopted and

adapted from Valarintulta- v. summon, fetch, send-for

obviously related to tul- = ”come”HFs course

etymology: derived from rootTUL-

see also: tul-tulya- v. lead Taryn - the relation be-

tween tul- tulta- and tulya- makes mespeculate on the meaning of the end-ings now - obviously tul- is the baseform which means ”come” ta- addedto the end seems to imply some formof imperative causation on the part ofthe subject - perhaps of ”forward mo-tion” - you cause someone else to comeforward. Wheras ya- implies anotherform of causing someone to come - youare leading by example perhaps... orcausing yourself to ”come somewhere”else... well all of this is highly specua-tive and I’m sure all will be revealed...

see also: tul-

tumba n. deep valley Letters:308SA:tum gives tumbo simply as ”val-ley”; apparently an extended formtumbale in the Entish description ofLothlorien.

tumpo n. hump, ridge?unusual conjugations:

Tuna n. hill, mound, name-place The name of the hill onwhich Tirion was built (Silm), de-rived from the stem TUN as fortundo (LR:395)

see also: tundotundo [tundu-]n. hill, mound

LR:395etymology: From primitive TUNunusual conjugations: pl : tun-

dursee also: tumpo

tup- v. cover, roof-over fromuntupa

tur- v. govern, wield, control,master (v)

etymology: TURunusual conjugations: turuna

Turambar phr. Master of Doomor Master of Fate (Appendix A,SA:tur)

see also: ambar, tur-turca adj. strong, powerful Refers

to power of the bodyTurcafinwe phr. strong Finwe,

powerful Finwe, name-mascReferring to strength/power ofbody he was called Celegorm in Sin-darin. Short Quenya name Turco.(PM:352)

turcil phr. strong one A name of theNumenoreans (LR:47, 56; SD:246).

unusual conjugations: Pl : tur-

132 T

cildiTurco nickname. Turcafinwe

see also: TurcafinweTurindo, Turin phr. victory-

mood, name-masc LR:395 TheEtymologies gives Turindo as theQuenya form of this name; Turinseems to be properly the Sindarinform, though it fits Quenya stylewell enough and Nienor used it ina Quenya sentence (near the end ofch. 21 in the Silmarillion)

etymology: Etym: TURturma n. shieldTurosto phr. Great fortress,

powerful fortress, MickelburgAKA ”Gabilgathol”, a dwelling ofthe Dwarves (Sindarin Belegost)

see also: osto, tur-Turucano phr. powerful cheif-

tain? ”Turgon” (PM:344)see also: cano, tur-

turuna v (pa. t). mastered This isan alternativce past participle of tur-”wield, control, govern”. turina orturna would be more appropriate to”wielded” or ”controlled”. UT:138

see also: tur-tuv- v. find Taryn - I postulate that

this word is distinct from hir- in that itis more like ”found for the first time”or ”discovered” as used in Aragorn’sexclaimation → which could easily betranslated as ”eureka”, but I have noconfirmation of this (LotR3:VI ch. 5)

see also: hir-tuvu- v. receive HFs course: evidently

early materialtyalie n. play Taryn - not sure which

play this is: a stage production, or what

children dotyar- v. cause, do, ”make hap-

pen”etymology: KYAR- = cause/do

tyaro n. doer, actor, agent Some-thing that has the power to act and”do” things.

etymology: KYAR- = cause/dosee also: tyar-

tyav- v. taste While this does referto the actual sense of taste, it alsohas idiomatic usage in such thingsas lamatyave = ”sound taste” refer-ring to other, more ephermeral sen-sations.

etymology: KYAB- = tasteunusual conjugations: past

tense : tyambe, n : tyavetyave n. taste (MR:215, 216)

etymology: KYAB- = to tasteunusual conjugations: v : tyav-

tye pron. thee Not sure if thismeans ”you sg” or ”you polite” orwhat, but it is in the emphatic form.(LR:70, Arctic)

tyel- v. end, cease This ap-pears to mean that the subject ends,ceases or finishes. This is in con-trast with metya- which means to”end” something - to stop or finishsoemthing else.

etymology: KYEL- = endunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : metya-tyel n. end Somethings end - the last

and final bit. See discussion in tyel-on the variants of ”end”.

etymology: KYEL- = endtyelca adj. swift, agile, hasty

etymology: KYELEK- = agile,swift

133

Tyelcormo phr. hasty-riser,name-masc The mother-name(never used in narrative) of Tur-cafinwe = Celegorm (PM:353)

see also: ormo, tyelcatyelima adj. final The one that is at

the end of something.see also: tyel-

tyelle n. grade Taryn - guessingthat this means like a ”level of experi-ence” rather than the angle that a slopemakes, but I have no evidence of this(Appendix E)

tyelma n. ending As in ”an ending”- something that has been made toend, rather than the normal, naturalend of tyel (FS)

see also: tyeltyelpe n. silver The metal. Tyelpe

is the true Quenya descendant ofprimitive kyelepe, but the Telerinform telpe was more common,”for the Teleri prized silver abovegold, and their skill as silversmithswas esteemed even by the Noldor”(UT:266)

etymology: KYELEP- → kyelepe= silver

unusual conjugations: synonym: telpe

Tyelperinquar phr. Silver-fist,masculine name The Quenyanname for Celebrimbor. Here thename refers to his hand being madeof silver, as opposed to , Telper-inquar which refers to it being*worth* that of silver. PM:318

unusual conjugations:see also: tyelpe

tyelpetema phr. palatal series,

silver series (Appendix E) One ofthe series of Feanorian consonants

see also: tema, tyelpeTyelperion phr. silver-one, mas-

culine name The less commonform of Telperion, using tyelpe asthe form of ”silver” rather thantelep (UT:266)

see also: -ion, Telperion, telpetyulma n. mast (SD:419)

U

u- gram. not, is-not, grammar-negation used as a prefix to negatethe following word. eg unotime =is-not-countable Taryn - possibly justa shortened form of ume = ”is not” =the aorist form of ume = ”be not”

see also: um--u gram. dual-form pluralistion

A very specific ending used for amatched-pair noun. It is used verysparingly and is almost archaic inusage. Such examples are: Alduwhich refers to the two trees of Val-imar, also veru referring to a mar-ried couple and even paired body-parts such as peu which is a pairof lips. Mainly it is only used onterms that are likely to be ”archaic”in origin - eg body parts and famousobjects that have been around for along time such as i Aldu

see also: -tu- gram. not, un-, negation (with

evil connotation) This shortenedvariation of ”not” is listed as be-ing of evil connotation. It seems toappear often in compound words,a good example being ulaire =”not living”/”unliving” (used ofthe ring-wraiths). In this com-pound, the evil connotation is obvi-ous.

etymology: GU→ gu- = no/not

see also: u-,um-,ume,umeuamanyar, umanyar, umaneldi

phr. not of Aman, name-group Refers to those Elves whodid not reach the Blessed Realm (butdid leave Cuivienen with the in-tention of going there) = Heceldi(WJ:371). umaneldi is the fullerform. (WJ:373)

see also: aman, u-, -yaufarea adj. insufficient, not

enough (FS)see also: farea

uile n. trailing plant, long plant,creeper (plant)?, vine?

etymology: earuileunusual conjugations:

Uinen, Uinenden phr. name-Maia The name of the spouse ofOsse.

etymology: Adopted andadapted from Valarin (WJ:404),though it is also said that it contains-nen ”water” (SA:nen); the latterexplanation may be folk etymology.In the Etymologies, the name isderived from the same stem asuile ”long trailing plant, especiallyseaweed” (LR:396 stem UY) Taryn -however, a translation is not actuallygiven

ulairi phr. Nazgul, Wraith, ring-wraith, undead Taryn - I propose

134

135

that this is directly: u + lair e = ”not (evilform)” + ”living” = not-living/”undead”

see also: laire, u-ullier phr?. should flow? SD:247

Taryn - this is an iffy translation at themoment and remains (as yet) uncon-firmed

see also: ulya-ullume phr. not forever An interest-

ing word occurring in FS, evidentlymeaning ”not for ever”. Taryn - in-teresting etymology, seem to be ”not onthe hour? = um- + lum e

see also: lume, um-Ulmo n. The pourer, The Rainer,

Lord of thw waters, name-vala A Valar, one of the Aratar,caller ”Lord of the waters”, and”King of the sea”. The name was in-terpreted by the Eldar to mean ”ThePourer” or ”The rainer” and wasadopted and adapted from Valarin.

see also: ulya-Ulmon, Arulmon n. Weekday #2

of the Valian week The secondday of the Valian week, dedicated toUlmo. The word for week is lem-nar.

see also: UlmoUlumuri phr. Great horns of

Ulmo, name-object The greathorns of Ulmo, made of white shelland played by him (Silm) Etymol-ogy remains obscure, but is proba-bly adapted from valarin

ulunde n. flood Taryn - I think this is anoun, could be a verb ”to flood”, but it’sform suggests the noun. It is possiblyrelated to Ulmo and not to ulundo

ulundo n. monster HFs course Taryn

- uvanimo for description of diff be-tween this ”monster” and uvanimo

see also: uvanimoulya- v. pour Etymologies aparrently

has an alternative past tense : ulleof slightly different meaning to ul-lane... Taryn - but haven’t yet beentold what that alternative meaing is,I would guess that this is a transi-tive/intransistive divide (fairly commonin Quenya) - ith my guess being thatull e is the intransitive past tense form

etymology: Etym: ULUunusual conjugations: pa.t (intr)

: ulle?um- v (neg). do-not, be-not More

corectly ”not to be”. This is one ofQuenya’s most irregular verbs, andthe forms are listed below. As anexample, do not get the past tenseform: ume ”did not” mixed up withthe aorist: ume = ”is not”. This formcan also be used to negate a nor-mal verb, using the form of the sameform as the verb you are negating egume linde = ”does not sing”

etymology: UGU/UMUunusual conjugations: past

tense : ume, future tense : uva, 1stpers. aorist: umin/uin

see also: u-umbar n. fate, doom, wyrd,

tengwa #6etymology: MBARAT =

fate/doomunusual conjugations: syn-

onyms : maranweUmbardacil phr. Umbar-victor,

name-masc (Appendix A); theplace-name Umbar is not Quenyanand has no connection to umbar

136 U

”fate”see also: dacil

Umbarto adj. Fated The mother-name (never used in narrative) ofTelufinwe = Amras. The ominousname was altered to Ambarto byFeanor. (PM:353-354)

see also: umbarume adj. do not, be not The

rarer, independant form of the wordwhich is generally shortened to um-. Not to be confused with the im-perative form ava ”do not”. Referto this for a fuller description

see also: um-ume adj. is not refer to um- for a

fuller descriptionsee also: um-

umea adj. evil HFs courseundome n. twilight, dusk Twi-

light specifically of the time nearevening, not near dawn (that istindome) this time was often re-ferred to as ”star-opening”

undu preposition?. down From un-dulave = ”down-licked” = cov-ered. Lumbule undulave ilye tier”(heavy) shadow down-licked allpaths”, lyrical translation ”all pathsare drowned deep in shadow”

undulave adj. covered (poetic)Literally it is ”down-licked” and re-ferred to shadows which covered,or drowned paths.

see also: lav-, unduundume n. abyss Markirya [taryn

- seems to be related to undu =”down”]

ungwe n. spider’s web, web,tengwa #8 (Appendix E)

unotime adj. uncountable, num-berless Literally ”is not count-able”. Listed in plural form be-cause ”one uncountable thing” issomewhat of an oxymoron.(Nam,RGEO:66, Appendix E)

see also: ime, not-, umeunquale ?. agony, death Taryn - I fail

to see the difference between this andqualm e

etymology: KWAL- = die in painunque n. hollow, tengwa #16

Refers to ”a hollow”, not the adjec-tive Taryn - which would presumably beof similar form (Appendix E)

untup- v. down-roof, cover prob-ably shortened from: undu- + tup-= ”down-roof”. Taryn - not sure howthis differs from top- . Perhaps given theword ”roof” being utilised stresses thatit is a covering where none was before?However where it is used, in Namarieit seems to be used to hide somethingfrom view - perhaps it could be usedin exchange for ”surrounds all over” oreven ”hides from sight” or even ”ob-scures”? Tolkien used the term ”cover”but as it was in a poem this could havebeen to save rhythm.

see also: tup-,undu-unu prep. under?, upside-down?,

beneath? Taryn - guessed from nu-querna and unuhuin e

see also: nuunuhuine n. under-shadow Taryn

- I presume this refers to the shade un-der trees (LR:47)

see also: huine, unu-unyarima phr. impossible to re-

count This is because all the facts

137

are not known, or the tale is to long(WJ:370) Taryn - this etymology eludesme

uquetima adj. unspeakable, un-pronouncable This word meansthat something is impossible to sayor put into words Taryn - I pre-sume it does not carry the other mean-ing of ”should not be spoken of” that”unspeakable” also carries in English(WJ:370)

see also: -ima, quet-, umeur- v. heat [taryn - seems also to oc-

caisionally be used as ”red” - refer-ring specifically to the red of flamesor hot metal]

uranar phr. red sun A word occur-ring in FS, translated ”the red sun”

etymology: The prefixed elementur- must have to do with the ele-ment ur- ”heat, be hot” mentionedin the Silmarillion Appendix.

see also: Anar, ureurco, orco n. Orc, monster (arch)

This is an old word used in the loreof the Blessed Realm for anythingthat caused fear to the Elves duringthe March; by the Exiles recognizedas the cognate of Sindarin orch andused to mean ”Orc”. (WJ:390)

unusual conjugations: pl. urquiure n. heat, tengwa #36 (Appendix

E)see also: ur-

Urime, Urime phr. August,month #8 Seems to mean ”hotmonth” (Appendix D, SA:ur-,UT:302)

see also: ureuruloce n. fire-dragon Literally:

”heat dragon”see also: loce, ure

Urundil phr. copper-lover,copper-friend [taryn - seemto literally mean ”heat friend”where heat is also used to mean”red hot”, thus may have its relationto copper from there...?] (PM:365)

see also: -dil, ur-Utumno phr. name-place, ?-

valley The name of the first greatstronghold of Melkor in the Northof middle-earth, destroyed by theValar (SA:tum) Taryn - not sure of et-ymology, but seems to incorporate aword for valley (which it is)

uva v (f.t.). will not The independantform of the future tense of the nega-tive verb um- not usually used inde-pendantly, but often found in com-pounds of verbs as -uva

see also: um-, uva--uva gram. grammar-verbs-

future-tense Suffix denoting thefuture tense of a verb. For example:hiruva = hir- [find] + -uva [shall] - apure verb simply adds the ending,wheras an a-stem verb drops the abefore adding -uva. Nam

uvanimo n. monster, beast Lit-erally ”not fair” and pretty muchthe opposite of vanimo. Refers to acreature of Melco Taryn - so what dif-fers from this to ulundo ? I would spec-ulate that this is a monster specificallyof evil - whereas ulundo would refer toa ”normal” beast - that is probably nasty,but not specifically evil.

see also: u-, vanimo

V

va imperative. do not! This isthe standard refusal or prohibition:”I will not!” or ”Do not!”. Thestandard variants obviously being:van, vanye ”I won’t!”, vamme ”wewon’t” (WJ:371)

-va, -wa gram. grammar-possessive-suffix Taryn - needto confirm what exists as currentquenya in Eldalieva, miruvoreva,Oromeva. Pl. -ve when governinga plural word (from archaic -vai)(WJ:407), but it seems that -vawas used throughout in late ExilixQuenya (cf. miruvoreva governingthe plural word yuldar in Namarie)

vahaya, vaihaiya phr. far away(LR:47, SD:247)

see also: haiya?, vai?vaia, waia n. envelope from WAY

unusual conjugations:Vaire phr. The Weaver, name-Valie [taryn - but hwo and what isthe etymology of the name?] (Silm)

vaiwa, waiwa n. wind as in ”toblow”

etymology: from wawa, waiwavala- v. rules, orders, empower,

has power over This word refersto something having power oversomething else. This is generallyused with reference to the Valaronly, is attested only in the sen-

tences a vala Manwe! ”may Manweorder it!” and Valar valuvar ”thewill of the Valar will be done”(WJ:404)

etymology: From BAL → bala =power

Vala n. spirit, god, Power, angel,tengwa #22 Refers to the angelicspirits guarding the world on behalfof its Creator, sometimes referred toas Gods.

etymology: From BAL → bala =power

see also: vala-Valacar phr. Vala-made, god-

made, name-masc (Appendix A)see also: car-, Vala

valaina adj. divine Something htat isof, or belongs to the Valar

etymology: From BAL → bala =power

see also: ValaValandil phr. God-friend, Vala-

friend, name-masc (Appendix A,translated in LR:60)

see also: -dil, ValaValandur phr. god-servant, Vala-

servant, name-masc (AppendixA)

Valacirca phr. God-sickle, con-stellation: Big Dipper/GreatBear Loose definition: ”Sickle ofthe Gods”, this is the name for the

138

139

Great Bear/Big Dipper constellationEtym:KIRIK

see also: circa, ValaValandor phr. Vala-land More

properly: ”the land of the Valar”,confused with and replaced byValinore ”the people of the Valar”,short form Valinor (SA:dor, Silm)

see also: -dor, ValaValanya n. weekday #7 The last

and principle day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Valar(Appendix D). Also called Tarion =”high one”?.

see also: ValaValaquenta phr. God’s-word

More descriptively, the words mean”the words god spoke” and moreaccurately refers to the account ofthe Valar. This is presented as thefirst book of the Silmarillion (SA:val-)

see also: quenta, valaValarauco phr. Balrog, power-

demon, Demon of Might Inthis case vala- assumes its basicmeaning = ”power”, Sindarin balrog(WJ:415). Pl. Valaraucar (not -or)(SA:val-, SA:rauco)

unusual conjugations: pl : vala-raucar

see also: rauco, valavalarinwa n. Valarin As belonging

to the valarin - in Lambe Valarinwasee also: Vala

Valaroma phr. Vala-horn Orome’shorn (Silm)

see also: roma, ValaValasse n. divinity That what is the

divine

see also: -sse, ValaValatar phr. Vala-king, god-

king The title for the 9 chiefvalar: Manwe, Ulmo, Aule, Man-dos, Lorien, Tulcas, Osse, Oromeand Melco. There were also 9 femalechiefs known as the Valatari

see also: tar, ValaValatari n. Vala-queen, god-

queen The title for the 9 femalechief Valar: Varda, Yavanna, Ni-enna, Vana, Vaire, Este, Nessa andUinen. there were alse 9 male chiefsknown as the Valatar

see also: tari, ValaValie n. female Vala (Silm)

see also: -ie, ValaValimar, Valmar phr. Vala-

home A region in Valinor. (Nam,RGEO:67)

see also: -mar, ValaValinore, Valinor Vala-people, Vala-

land. though the word liter-ally refers to the ”people” orthe Valar, this word since wasused frequently to refer to theland in which they dwelt, andto which the Elves left fromcuivienen

etymology: -nor, Vala, Valandorunusual conjugations:

valya adj. powerful, divinelymighty Having or controlling di-vine authority or power

etymology: From BAL → bala =power

see also: ValaVana phr. The beautiful?, name-

Valie The wife of Orome and sis-ter to Varda and Yavanna. (Silm,

140 V

WJ:383)etymology: From BAN → bana

- this is unglossed, but is related tovanya = beautiful

see also: vanyavanda n. oath, pledge, solemn

promise (CO)vanima adj. beautiful, fair

(LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated inLetters:308).

etymology: From BAN → ban-ya- not glossed

see also: vanyaVanimelde phr. beautiful-dear-

one, name-fem (Appendix A)see also: meld-, vanima

Vanimo phr. The beautiful,name-group The children of theValar

see also: vanimavanta- v. walk, ambulate

etymology: From BAN = path-way

vanta n. walk As in ”a walk” takenby someone

etymology: From BAN = path-way

vanwa adj. gone, lost, vanished,departed, dead, past, over,went away, left refers to some-thing no longer to be had (regard-less of the means with which itbecame unavailable) (WJ:365, Nam,RGEO:67). This word not to beused for someone that has physi-cally ’gone away’, as that impliesthe ability to come back again, andthis word is only for things that areno longer ever available. For this to-her purpose, use one of the words

related to oante.unusual conjugations: past

tense : vane, pr tense : auta-see also: auta-

vanya adj. beautiful, fair, pale(fair) (FS)

etymology: From BAN → ban-ya- not glossed

Vanyar phr. The Fair The first clanof the Eldar (WJ:380, 381)

see also: -r vanyavanya- [wan-]v. go, leave, de-

part, disappear, passunusual conjugations:

vaquet- v. refuse, disallow,forbid A compound verb mean-ing literally: ”to say no”, but notto deny that something is true, butto deny to do or to allow some-thing: ”to say I will not/do not”; ”torefuse”, ”to forbid” (WJ:370, 371)

see also: quet-, va-Varda phr. The Sublime, The

Lofty, name-Valie The name of aValie, the Queen of the Valar, spouseof Manwe, called Elbereth in Sin-darin; WJ:402

etymology: From BARAD = loftyunusual conjugations: genitive :

VardoVardamir phr. Varda-jewel,

name-masc (Appendix A)see also: mıre, Varda

Vardarianna phr. Varda-gift?,name-tree The name of type oftree. The ri element is obscure.(UT:167) Taryn - perhaps it is a”spacer” element to preserve euphony?

see also: anna, Vardavarna adj. safe, protected, secure

141

etymology: From BAR whichmeans something like ”raised” →which became ”lifted to safety”

varnasse n. security The state of be-ing secure, rather than the group ofpeople that provide the security.

etymology: From BAR whichmeans something like ”raised” →which became ”lifted to safety”

see also: varnavarne [varni-]adj. brown, swart

HFs courseetymology: from BARAN =

brownvarya- v. protect

etymology: BARsee also: varna

Vasa phr. The Consumer Anothername of the Sun (MR:130)

ve prep. as, like (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya)

vende n. maiden, girletymology: From the archaic

wende which thus leads to the end-ing -wen also meaning maiden

see also: -wenvera adj. personal, private, own

Belonging to someone specifically(PM:340)

etymology: Old Quenya weraverca adj. wild Of a violent, sudden

nature. (note also merca from the re-lated MBEREK)

etymology: From BEREKverno n. husband

etymology: From BES = wed →besno = husband

see also: vessevesse n. wife

etymology: From BES = wed →besse = wife

see also: vernoveru n (dual). married-couple,

man-and-wife uses the dual formetymology: From BES = wed →

besu = husband and wifeVeruen, Arveruen n. Weekday

#3 of the Valian week The mid-dle day of the Valian week, dedi-cated to to the two spouses: Auleand Yavanna. The word for week islemnar.

see also: Aule, veru, Yavannaverya- v. dare To dare to do some-

thing boldetymology: From BER = bold

verya adj. bold, daring, braveetymology: From BER = bold

vesta n. matrimony, marriage Thestate of being married

etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony

see also: vesta-vesta- v. wed To take in marriage

etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony

see also: vestavestale n. wedding

etymology: From BES = wed →besta = matrimony

see also: vestavil- v. fly

etymology: WILvilya n. air, sky, tengwa #24 (Ap-

pendix E)etymology: Older wilyasee also: vil-

vincarna phr. newly-made(MR:408)

see also: vinya, carnavinge, winga n. foam, spray,

142 V

spindrift Specifically sea-foam,(blown from waves) but could prob-ably be used in the general sense.(SA:wing, Silm)

Vingelote phr. Foam-flower Thename of Earendil’s ship (SA:loth)

see also: lote, vingevinya, vin- adj. newVinyamar phr. New Dwelling

(Silm) Taryn - lit. new-earthsee also: vinya,mar

Vinyarie phr. Newyear’s DayTaryn - lit. new-day? but day is inflectedto ari e?... (PM:127)

see also: vinya, areVıresse n. April, month #4 Taryn -

etymology uncertain (Appendix D)vor- [voron-]v. promise, give-

oath, ally To make an oath tosomeone - to make an enduringpledge. Don’t get the shorter suffix-form confused with the pure vor-(taken directly from BOR) aka voro.

etymology: From BORON- = en-dure→ boron = steadfast

vorima adj. continual, repeatedlyHas a feeling of continual repitition

etymology: from BOR = enduresee also: voro

vorima adj. faithful, loyal, oath-keeping More specifically: ”stead-fast in allegiance, in keeping oath orpromise” Cirion’s Oath Taryn - Whatis the semantic difference between thisas voronda ?

etymology: From BORON- = en-dure→ boron = steadfast

see also: vor-voro, vor- prep. ever, continually

This word can contain a repetitious

connotation, but is more known forit’s quality of endurance. Don’t getit confused with the identical: vor-= the shortened form of the modernQuenya stem: voron-

etymology: From BOR = endurevorogandale phr. repeating con-

tinually Literally means: ”harpingon a single tune”

see also: ganda?, le, vorovoronda adj. steadfast (in

allegiance), keepingoath/promise, faithful used asa title of Elendil Voronda Cirion’sOath

see also: vor-Vorondil phr. Faithful friend,

masculine name (Appendix A)see also: -dil, vor- (voron-)

voronwa adj. enduring, long-lasting

etymology: From BOR = endure+ -wa

see also: voro, -wavoronwe n. steadfastness, loy-

alty, faithfulness COetymology: From BORON = ever

enduring→ boron = steadfastsee also: vor- (voron-)

Voronwe phr. Loyalty, Faithful-ness, masculine name (PM:340)

see also: vor- (voron-), -wevoronwie n. endurance, lasting-

qualityetymology: From BOR = enduresee also: voro

W

-wa gram. possessivesee also: -va

-we gram. person, grammar-masculineending, grammar-neutralgenderending A suffixoccurring in many personal names,generally but not exclusively mas-culine; derived from a stem simplymeaning ”person” (PM:340, WJ:399)Refer talso to -wen which is the fem-inine form of this ending

see also: -wen-wen n. maiden This suffix is fre-

quently used in feminine names likeEarwen = ”Sea-maiden” (SA:wen)Obviously strongly related tovende = ’maiden” and the mascu-line/neutral ending: -we, but alsoshows its origins in being related towen = ”freshness”/”youth”

etymology: GWEN = fresh andyoung

unusual conjugations: indepen-dant : vende

see also: vende, -we, wenwen n. freshness, youth, green-

ness Related strongly to wenya,this refers to youth and newness byrelating it to fresh, new growth. itis also directly related to the suffix-wen = ”maiden”

etymology: GWEN- = green andfresh

unusual conjugations: adj :wenya

wenya adj. light-green, yellow-green, fresh Fresh as a new leaf.green like new growth

etymology: GWEN- = green andfresh

unusual conjugations: n : wenwil- v. flit, flutter Taryn - guessed

from wilwawilwa adj. vague, fluttering Lit-

erally refers to something flutteringto and fro in a vague, or haphazardway. Markirya

wilwarin n. butterfly Literally”fluttering one” (Markirya)

see also: wilwaWilwarin phr. The butterfly,

name-constellation The name ofa constellation, tentatively identi-fied as Cassiopeia. (Silm)

see also: wilwarinwinge n. spray, spindrift

PM:371,376winta- v. scatter, blow about Prob-

ably refers to blowing about in ahaphazard manner (as it appears re-lated to wil-) (PM:376)

143

Y

ya pron (relative). which, what Al-ways referring back to a noun egyasse carne = ”in which he did”

see also: yasse-ya gram?. from-somewhere?

Refers to something that belongsto or comes from somewhere,eg Amanyar means ”those fromAman” Taryn - admittedly my descrip-tion here is shaky... I hope to clean itup sometime when I get a more formaldefinition

yaime n. wailing ie ”the wailingof the wind”... this is a regularword, so adj = yaimea ”wailing”, pl.yaimie Markirya

yal- v. call From enyal- ”to recall”Taryn - is this so specific to the Englishgloss for ”recall” or does it have a moreaccurate description eg, in Engish, itis ”to remember” (commit to memory)and ”to recall” (from memory) (Noteson CO, UT:317)

yallume interjection?. at last [taryn- not sure if this is the interjection”At last!” or to mean something like”when it coes to the last” - thereseems to also be an interesting lit-eral translation as the word useslume = ”the hour”] (FS)

yanta n. bridge, tengwa #35 (Ap-pendix E)

yara adj. old HFs course

yarra- v. growl, snarl Markiryayasse phr. in which Referring back

to a noun. (Nam, RGEO:66)see also: ya

Yavanna phr. Fruit-giver, name-Valie

see also: anna, yaveYavannie n. September, month

#9 (Appendix D)see also: yave

Yavannildi phr. Yavanna-followers ”The Followers ofYavanna”, Elvish women whoknew and kept the secret of themaking of coimas (PM:404)

see also: Yavannayavannamıre phr. Yavanna-

jewel, name-tree The name of atree with globed and scarlet fruits(UT:167) Taryn - apples?

see also: mıre, Yavannayave n. fruityavie n. autumn, fruiting,

havrest In the calendar of Imladrisa precisely defined period of 54days, but also used without anyexact definition (Appendix D)

see also: yaveyaviere phr. Autumn-day A day

outside the months in the Stew-ard’s Reckoning, inserted betweenYavannie and Narquelie (Septem-ber and October) (Appendix D)

144

145

see also: are, yavieye interjection. yeah! Untranslated in-

terjection in Aragorn’s exclamationwhen he found the sapling of theWhite Tree: ”yeah!”. Compare withthe similar word yello listed in Ety-mologies.

etymology: ?possibly: GEL- →refers to joy, triumph and merrynoises

see also: yelloyello, ello interjection. yay!,

triumphal-shout This is usedas a ”wordless” shout of triumphor jubilation. Also as a joyful call.Contrast with ye the shout of dis-covery that Aragorn made upnonfinding the white tree’s sapling,which seems to be a contractedform of this word.

etymology: GYEL-/GEL- -whose meaning is not listed, butis probably more in line with theSindarin words listed thereafter -referring to triumph, jubilation andmerry noise

see also: yeyelma n. loathing

etymology: From DYEL = to feelfear or disgust

see also: yelwayelta- v. loathe

etymology: DYEL = feelfear/disgust

yelwa adj. loathesome To be the ob-ject of disgust andd hatred

etymology: From DYEL = feelfear/dsgust

see also: yelmayen n. long-year, century (144yr)

Elvish ”long year” of 144 solaryears, 52,596 days (Nam, AppendixD, E)

etymology: Etym YEN becameyeni

Yenonotie phr. reckoning ofyears (MR:51) Taryn - the internal ”o”looks like it might be there just for eu-phony

see also: not-, yenyerna adj. old, worn-out, worn,

decrepit Used only of things, thisrefers to a thing that has passed it’sviable days. So far I haven’t anequivalent Quenyan word for peo-ple except in Noldorin, in which theword is ingem = ”year-sick” Taryn -I’d like this word translated into Quenya- possibly ”yenenqwa” - though thisseems too cumbersome, posisbly just”yengwa” There is also linyenwa= ”year-ful” which refers to some-one that has been around for manyyears - but has nothing to do withtheir level of decrepitude. this ismore often employed for talkingabout elves and other ”immortal”races.

etymology: GYER- = old, worn,decrepit

unusual conjugations: v : yeryasee also: linyenwa

yerya- v. wear-out For an object, theevent of becoming worn and unus-able

etymology: GYER- = old, wornunusual conjugations: adj :

yernayestare phr. first-day The first day of

the year. In the calendar of Imladrisit falls immediately before tuile, in

146 Y

the calendar of Numenor, it falls asfor the calendar of men (Appendix D)

see also: are, yest?yomenie n. meeting, gather-

ing Refer to a meeting of three ormore coming from different direc-tions (WJ:407) Taryn - could it also re-fer to things as to people? eg for acrossroads? and does the reference to”three” imply a dual form for a meetingof two?

yulda n. draught (drink) as in adraught of mead (Nam, RGEO:66)

yulma n. cup, drinking-vessel,mug? Nam

yulme n. drinking, carousal(WJ:416)

yuyo adj. both

147

English-Quenya Index

Aabide by himya-abundant alyaaccounting (n) quentaleactor tyaroadhere himya-aelfwine Quendilagent tyaroagile tyelcaagony qualme, unqualeAh! aiAlas! aialone erangel AinuAnimals

elephant andamundaassemble hosta-assembly hostaAtmosphere

lower AiwenorAutumn Narquelieaway-from ho-

Bbe it thus abehold! esbig altabird aiwebird friend AiwendilBird land Aiwenorbird lover AiwendilBirds

King-fisher halatirswallow tuilindo

blessed amawith good fortune herenya

Blessed place AlmarenBlessed Realm Amanblessedness almare

bliss almieBooks Ainulindalebow

weapon quingabranch olwabreak (v)

take a hauta-brilliance alcare

Ccast-out (adj) etyacast-out (v) etya-catch (v) atsa-cause tyar-cease

temporarily hauta-central enyacentre endeCeremonies

name-choosing Essecilmename-making Essecarme

change(v) ahya-cheif (adj) heraclaw (v) atsa-cleave by himya-collect hosta-Colours

blue (pale) helwalight-green wenyasilver telperinsky-blue helwayellow-green wenya

comeforth ettul-out of ettul-

comprehend hanya-comprehension handecontrive auta-copper-coloured airacorpse queletcourage huore

148 Y

crowd hostacustom haima

Ddawn amaureadead qualindeath

painful qualmedecrepit yernadesert erumedevise auta-die

painfully qual-, unqualedire aicaDirections

Left hyaryaSouth hyarmenSouth East hyarrosSouth West hyarnus

distant hairadistant (adv) haiyado tyar-doer tyarodog huodomain Ardadoom

fate umbardragon

fire uruloceserpetine angulocespark fealocewinged ramaloce

dread aista, ossedream olordreamer Olorin

EEarth AmbarEarth (the) ArdaElbereth Elentarielephant andamunda

elf quendefemale quendimale quendu

Elm alalmeelven-home ElendeElves Quendi

(arch) Quendyaelvish Quenderinelvish language quenyaend tyelend (v)

subject tyel-ending

been made to end tyelmaexile (v) etya-exiled etyaExiled Noldor Etyangoldieye hen

Ffade quel-fading (adj) quelieFading (n) quellefar hairafar (adv) haiyafate heren, umbarfear aistafeather quessefeather-series quessetemaFell fire Aicanarofell(adj) aicafinal tyelimafire-dragon urulocefish (small) halaFish-watcher halatirfist quareflagstone ambalfollow hilya-follower hildeforbid avaquet-fort arta

149

fortress artafortunate herenyafortune herenfortune (good) almafresh wenyafreshness wenfrom ho-full quanta

GGandalf Oloringather hosta-gathering hostagerm (of seed) erdeglass hyelleglorious alcarinquaglory alcareGod Erugood-health alyagood? Amariegoods armargovernance herengoverness herigoverning heragovernor herugrammar

exclaimation of triumph elloexclaimation of triumph or

jubilation yelloindicative es

Great sea Alatairegreat-size

physical alat-green (arch) ezellagreen (light) wenyagreenness wenGreetings! aiyagrey hiswaGroup

Elves AmanyarGroups

Exiled-Noldor EtyangoldiValaya Ainu

Hhabit haimaHail! aiyahand

closed quareharbour hopaharbourage hopassehaste ormehasty orna, tyelcahave arwa, harya-haven hopaheart honheavens Elenardaheir aryon, hildeheir (male) haryonhillside ambanhistory

a quentalehole assaHolidays Enderi

Tree-week AldalemnarHolly ercasseholy ainaholy-one Ainuhook ampahook (v) atsa-host

many people hostahound huan

Iice helceice-cold helcaicy helcaif anybody aiquenill engwaimpulse horeimpulsion horea

150 Y

in miintellect handeleintelligence handasseintelligent handainvent auta-invention aule

JJagged ice-teeth Helcaraxejoy alasseJupiter Alcarinque

Kking haranKings

Atanatar II of Gondor Alcarinknow about hanya-knowledge hande

Llady herilake ailinLament for the Two Trees Aldudenielanguage quetillarge altaleft hyaryaleft-handed hyarmaitelight-beam alcalonely eressealook there! eslord heruLucky Herendil

MMaiar Osse

Gandalf Olorinmale

animal or sentient hanumale (adj) hanwaMan Hildiman

any male hanumar hasta-master herumay it be amerriment alassemid-year Endienmiddle (adj) endyamiddle (n) endeamiddle-days Enderimiddle-earth Endormistress herimonster ulundoMonths

June (star-summer) EllaireOctober Narquelie

mortals Engwarmound hahtamouth assaMusic of the Ainur Ainulindale

Nname (n) essename (v) estaname-choosing Essecilmename-essay Essecentaname-making EssecarmeNames

Elvish-group AlamanyarFem TelperienMasc Hyarmendacil, TelperinquaStar-queen ElentariTrees Telperion

Names-fem Altariel, GaladrielNames-Masc AldarionNames-masc AmandilNames-unknown-gender Aiwendilnarrator quentaroNot of Aman Alamanyar

OO! a

151

Objects ambalotseOctober Narquelieoh! aiold

things only yernaone erOne (the) Eruopening assaoriginate auta-out-of etoutflow etsirover there enown arwa, harya-

Ppale helwapass

n acsapath

narrow acsapeak

mountain aicassen aicale

perforation assaperson

essential nature erdepiercing aicapile hahtapillow quessetPlaces Angamanda, Ondolinde

Atlantic ocean AlataireBlessed place AlmarenBlessed realm AmanDesert ErumanEarth AmbarElvenhome ElendeGrinding Ice HelcaraxeMan’s beginning place

HildorienSouth-watch (mtn) HyarmentirSouthEast-lands Hyarrostar

SouthWest-lands HyarnustarSwan-haven AlqualondeThe World Ambartree-night AldalomeTwo Trees Alduupper-heavens Elenarda

PlanetsJupiter Alcarinque

pointn aicale

pointed aicapool ailinpossess arwa, harya-possession harmaprick (v) ercaprickle ercaprickliness ercasseprince haryonprincipal (adj) heraprosperous alya

Rradiance alataradiant garlanded maiden Altariel,Galadrielrage

n aharainbow helyanweravine acsaray of light alcarealm Ardared airarefuse avaquet-region Ardaremote hairarepose esterest este, hauta-rich alya

fortunate herenyariver

mouth etsir

152 Y

ruddy airaruling herarushing (adj) alarcarustle esce

Ssanctity airesay quet-Seasons

Autumn quelle, Narquelieseed erdesend flying horta-Senses

taste tyaveserpentine-dragon angulocesharp aicaSharp flame Aicanarosickly engwasickness quamesilver telpesilver (adj) telpesilver-flame Telemnarsilvery telperinsingle eryasit ham-sky hellesky-blue helwaslope (n) ambansnow olossoldier ohtarsole

adj eryasolitude eressespark-dragon fealocespeak quet-spear

n ehtev ehte

spearman ehtarspeech quenyaspeed (v)

on it’s way horta-spine ercasplendour alcarespring

water-source ehtelestar elenaStar-summer Ellairesteep

adj aiquastick (v) himya-stone

as a material ondostory quentastoryteller quentarostrife ohtaswallow

bird tuilindoswan alquaSwan-haven Alqualondeswift tyelca

Ttake-break hauta-tale quentataste tyav-

sense of tyavetell quet-Tengwa

11 (arch) harma33 (south) hyarmen4 (feather) quesse1 aha14 ampa26 Arda28 alda

tengwa31 esse

Tengwar#6 umbarSeries

T (silver) tyelpetema

153

seriesqu (feather)

quessetematerrible aicaterror osseThe Glorious AlcarinThe Holy AinuThe Sickly EngwarThe World Ambarthither entaTitle

King of Lights Tar-CalionLord of the West Herunumen

TitlesElf-friend Quendil

tounguelanguage quetil

treasure harmatreasury harwetree aldatree-night Aldalometree-pair Aldutree-son AldarionTrees

Elm alalmeholly ercasseWhite Tree of Valinor Telperion

Two Trees Aldu

Uunderstand hanya-understanding handeunderstanding (adj) handaunwise alasailaup am-uphill ambapendauprising (adv) ambauprising flower ambalotseupslope ambapendaupward (adv) ambaupward-sloping ambapende

urge on horta-urgency horme

VValar

Invention AuleOrome AldaronRepose Este

Varda Elentariviolence ormevision olorvisionary Olorin?

Wwane quel-waning (adj) queliewar ohtawarrior ohtarweal almawealth almawealthy alya

fortunate herenyaWeapons

bow quingawear-out yerya-Weekday

4 AlduyaNumenor

4 AldeaValian

1 Armanwen2 Arulmon, Ulmon3 Arveruen4 Arfanturion, Fanturion5 Nessaron

whoever aiquenwinged-dragon ramalocewith arwawither quel-within miword quetta

154 Y

worn-out yernawrath aha, ormewyrd umbar

Yyay! ello, yelloyeah! yelloyellow-green wenyayonder entayoung nessayouth wen