Science Quarter 1 – Module 8

Evidence of Plate Movement

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Science Quarter 1 – Module 8

Evidence of Plate Movement

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Science – Grade 10

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 – Module 8: Evidence of Plate Movement

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer : Jasmin P. Fabillar

Editors : Juvimar E. Montolo and Juvy M. Suello

Reviewer : Florencio Labiste

Layout Artist : Jasmin P. Fabillar

Management Team:

Schools Division Superintendent – Dr. Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent – Dr. Cartesa M. Perico

– Dr. Ester A. Futalan

– Dr. Leah B. Apao

Chief, CID – Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores

EPS in LRMS – Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas

EPS in Science – Mrs. Juvimar E. Montolo

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province Office Address : IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

Telefax : (032) 255-6405

E-mail Address : cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Evidence of Plate Movement.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies

that will help you in guiding the

learners.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Evidence of Plate Movement.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful

opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You

will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active

learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills

or competencies you are expected to

learn in the module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims

to check what you already know about

the lesson. If you get all the answers

correctly (100%), you may decide to

skip this module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help

you link the current lesson with the

previous one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such

as a story, a song, a poem, a problem

opener, an activity, or a situation.

What is It

This section provides a brief

discussion of the lesson. This aims to

help you discover and understand new

concepts and skills.

What’s More

This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify your

understanding and skills of the topic.

You may check the answers to the

exercises using the Answer Key at the

end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled to

process what you learned from the

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lesson.

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity that

will help you transfer your new

knowledge or skill into real-life

situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the

learning competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge

or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities

in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not

alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning

and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

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What I Need to Know

Unit I

Module 8

(Week 8)

Most Essential Learning Competency

S10ES-Ia-j-36.6 enumerate the lines of evidence

that support plate movement

THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS

What this module is about…

What causes tectonic plates to move? The Plate Tectonic Theory provided

an explanation about the movement of the lithospheric plates.

The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's solid outer crust, the

lithosphere, is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere, the molten

upper portion of the mantle. Oceanic and continental plates come together, spread

apart, and interact at boundaries all over the planet.

There is variety of evidence that supports the claims those plate

tectonics accounts for (1) the distribution of fossils on different continents, (2) the

occurrence of earthquakes, and (3) continental and ocean floor features including

mountains, volcanoes, faults, and trenches.

Convection current is a process which involves the movement of energy from

one place to another. The convection currents tend to move a fluid or gas particles

from one place to another. These are created as a result of the differences occurring

within the densities and temperature of a specific gas or a fluid.

In this module, we will study thoroughly the framework that will enable us to

understand how and why several features of the Earth continuously change. This

theory is what we call “Plate Tectonics.” This describes and enumerates the lines of

evidence that support plate movement.

Content Plate Tectonic Theory

Convection Current

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In this module, you should be able to:

1. Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement.

2. Explain what causes the tectonic plates to move.

3. Give the importance of the creation of convection current underneath the

earth.

Here is a simple guide for you in going about the module:

1. Read and follow instructions carefully.

2. Read each lesson and do activities that are provided for you.

3. Activities and/or exercises are given to deepen your understanding of the concept and to develop your skills. Take time in doing this.

4. Take note of important ideas and points for clarification.

5. Do not forget to answer the assessment and see how much you have learned.

What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.

1. When a ship passes over seafloor that has a 'reverse' magnetic polarization, how does this effect the magnetic field reading? a. The magnetic field is directed east. b. The magnetic field is south. c. The strength of the magnetic field I slightly stronger than usual. d. The strength of the magnetic field is slightly weaker than usual.

2. What is the character of magnetic anomalies on the seafloor? a. They occur in stripes that parallel mid-ocean ridges and are offset along transform faults. b. They occur in stripes that run perpendicular to mid-ocean ridges and parallel transform faults. c. They occur in stripes that run perpendicular to continental margins and parallel to transform faults. d. They occur stripes that parallel transform faults and end at mid-ocean ridges.

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3. What theory did magnetic anomalies on the seafloor give rise to? a. Continental drift c. convection current b. Plate Tectonics d. Seafloor spreading

4. What does plate tectonic theory predict about the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes? a. They should be evenly distributed throughout the earth. b. They should occur primarily along plate boundaries. c. They should primarily in deep basins. d. They should only occur along continental margins.

5. Convection within the _______ causes the plates to move.

a. Mantle c. Inner core

b. Ocean d. Crust

6. Which of the following diagrams bets illustrates the convection occurring in the

mantle?

7. Which of these is NOT a correct explanation for how convection works? a. Hotter fluids rise above colder fluids b. Less dense fluids rise above denser fluids c. Colder fluids sink below hotter fluids d. Less dense fluid sinks below denser fluids

8. In which states (phases) of matter can convection happen? a. Solids, liquids and gases c. Solids and gases b. Liquids and gases d. Liquids only

9. ___________ occurs when heat is transferred into an object through motion or movement; an example would be boiling water. a. conduction c. radiation b. convection d. subduction 10. Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth’s ____. a. continents c. lithosphere b. mantle d. inner core

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What’s In Learning is fun!

Plate Tectonic Theory

Geologists have hypothesized that the movement of tectonic plates is

related to convection currents in the earth's mantle. Tremendous heat and pressure

within the earth cause the hot magma to flow in convection currents.

These currents cause the movement of the tectonic plates that make up the earth's

crust.

The Plate Tectonic Theory provided an explanation about the movement of the lithospheric plates. This theory evolved from the two former theories and was developed during the first decades of the 20th century.

The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several plates. These plates ride over

the weak asthenosphere. There are three types of plate movements – separation of two plates (divergent), collision of two plates (convergent), and sliding past each other (transform). What facilitates the movement of the plates?

Heat is produced in the core that produces convection in the mantle. This convection causes the plate to move around. Where convection currents diverge near the Earth’s crust, plates move apart. When convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called the theory of plate tectonics. Convection Current

Mantle convection drives plate tectonics. Hot material rises at mid-ocean

ridges and sinks at deep sea trenches, which keeps the plates moving along the

Earth’s surface.

Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid

silicate mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the

planet's surface. The Earth's surface lithosphere rides atop the asthenosphere and

the two form the components of the upper mantle.

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What’s New

Push me up and aside! Objectives

• Explain what causes the tectonic plates to move.

• Enumerate the factors that cause tectonic plates to move.

• Give the importance to the creation of convection current underneath the

Earth.

Materials

• Dropper

• Food color

• 1000 mL beaker ( in unavailability, container can be casserole, an empty

can )

• 700 mL water (2 cups of water)

• 3-5 small / light wood blocks

• Alcohol burner (lamp) & tripod

Procedure

1. Pour 700 mL water into the beaker / container.

2. Place the beaker / container on an alcohol burner and heat it. Give ample time

for the water to heat up.

Warning:

• For heating, use glassware/container that is meant to be used for that

purpose.

• Wear heat resistant gloves to protect your hands.

• To avoid burns, do not handle heated glassware or materials directly. Use

tongs, test-tube holders, or heat-resistant gloves or mitts.

• Do not pour hot liquids into plastic containers.

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3. Add few drops of food coloring to the water in the beaker.

4. Looking from the side of the container / beaker, observe what happens in the

water.

5. Put several light woods blocks in the center of the heated near to boiling

water.

6. Illustrate you observations.

Q1. How does the food coloring behave?

Q2. What do you call this behavior?

Q3. Enumerate the factors that cause the formation of a current.

Q4. What happens to the blocks? What does this resemble?

Q5. What is the importance of the convection current underneath the

Earth?

What is It

Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less

dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this

movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the

atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.

This flow, called mantle convection, is an important method of heat

transport within the Earth. Mantle convection is the driving mechanism for plate

tectonics, which is the process ultimately responsible for producing earthquakes,

mountain ranges, and volcanos on Earth.

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Source: www2.chilton.k12.wi.us

Convection Current in the Mantle

Ridge push is a process as an oceanic crust move away from a divergent

boundary; it becomes denser than the newer oceanic crust. As the older seafloor

sinks, the weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the oceanic crust toward the trench at

the subduction zone.

en.wikipedia.org

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Slab pull is the other possible process involved in the tectonic plate

movement. The weight of the sub ducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the

subduction zone.

What’s More

Complete the concept map below on continental drift, seafloor spreading and plate

tectonics.

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Convection Examples

Explain how convection occurs on the following examples.

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Plate Tectonics diagram

Identify the major and minor tectonic plates on the map.

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What I Have Learned

Now that you understand what happens inside the Earth and its effects on the

Earth’s surface, you should be able to realize that the tectonic activities at the

surface just like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are inevitable.

You should view the Earth as a dynamic planet and still the most

fascinating planet for it offers you a home that no other planet can.

What I Can Do

Give examples of Convection in Everyday Life.

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Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.

1. Convection takes place only in liquids and _______.

a. Gases

b. Energies

c. Solids

d. States

2. Which of the following statements about convection is true?

a. heat is transferred from hot material to cool material without inducing a flow b. cool material flows upward and displaces hot material c. hot material flows upward and displaces cool material d. random circulation occurs 3. The lithospheric plates are believed to be moving slowly. What is the driving

force that facilitates this movement?

a. Gravitational force of the moon

b. Magnetic force at the poles

c. Convection current in the mantle

d. The force of the atmosphere

4. Which of the following increases with distance from a mid-ocean ridge?

a. the age of oceanic lithosphere

b. the thickness of the lithosphere

c. the depth to the sea floor

d. all of the above

5. Which of the following can you infer from the continuous movement of the

lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere?

a. All the continents will cease to exist.

b. All the volcanoes in the Philippines will become inactive.

c. The continents will not be located in the same place as they are now.

d. The islands of the Philippines will become scattered all over the world.

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6. The cycle that powers the ocean currents, weather, and tectonic plates it is called a. conduction current b. radiation c. condition current d. convection current 7. What is Convection? a. Transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid b. Transfer of heat from one particle to another without the movement of matter c. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves d. A conductor 8. Convection within the ________ causes the plates to move.

a. mantle b. ocean c. inner core d. crust 9. In which states (phases) of matter can convection happen?

a. solids, liquids and gases

b. liquids and gases

c. solids and gases

d. liquids only

10. Which of the following can you infer from the continuous movement of the

lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere?

a. All the continents will cease to exist.

b. All the volcanoes in the Philippines will become inactive.

c. The continents will not be located in the same place as they are now.

d. The islands of the Philippines will become scattered all over the world.

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Additional Activities

Express yourself!

Differentiate the terms: Radiation, Conduction, Convection through your own

experience/s.

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Answer Key

What I Know

1.D

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.D

8.B

9.B

10.B

What’s New

Push me up and aside!

Q1. The food color rises and moves to the sides of the beaker (pan/container) then

sinks. It demonstrates a cyclic motion.

Q2. This called convection current.

Q3. • The difference in density in the molecules is caused by the difference in

temperature.

• The rate of heating at the bottom and the rate of cooling at the top.

• Amount of heat supplied to the substance.

Q4. • The blocks are pushed up to the middle of the boiling water and then

swayed towards the sides of the beaker.

• The small, light wood blocks resemble the lithospheric/tectonic plates that

moved about slowly along the tectonic boundaries, pushing, sliding past

and drifting away from each other because of convection current.

Q5. Convection currents in the magma drive plate tectonics. Heat generated from

the radioactive decay of elements deep in the interior of the Earth creates

magma (molten rock) in the asthenosphere.

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From

Fossils

From

Rocks

Coal

deposits

Convection

current

Plate Tectonic

Theory

What I can do

Assessment

1.A

2.C

3.C

4.D

5.C

6.D

7.B

8.A

9.B

10.C

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References Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd- IMCS). 2015. Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material. Rex Book Store, Inc. Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE Integrated Science I, Module 12: Inside the Earth.Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2013). Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module. Vibal Publishing House, Inc. Popular Science . II. Grolier Educational (Firm). 2004. Grolier International, Inc. Punongbayan, R. et. Al. (1998) . The Philippine Archipelago Volume I. Tarbuck. E.J. et. Al. (2009). Earth Science 12th ed. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. Yumul, Jr., Graciano P., Carla B. Dimalanta, Victor B. Maglambayan and Edanjarlo J. Marquez, Tectonic Setting of a Composite Terrane: A Review of the Philippine Island Arc System, 12 Geoscineces Journal 1, (March 2008), pp. 7-17 Robert Hall, Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia

• Earthlearningidea – http//:www.earthlearningidea.com • https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.tectonic/te

ctonic-plates-earthquakes-and-volcanoes • http://www.covingtontravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Hawaiian-

islands.gif • http://geoplatetectonics.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/3/2/23324554/9230029.png?

527 • What is a tectonic plate? ( This Dynamic Earth, USGS ). Accessed November

21, 2017. https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonic.html • Convection Current – Google Search Accessed November 22, 2017.

-End of Module-

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province

Office Address: IPHO Bldg.,Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City

Telefax: (032) 255-6405

E-mail Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph