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QoS/QoE and NGN

Koichi AsataniKogakuin [email protected]

IEEE International CQR Workshop, Naples, FL, 2009.5.13


What is QoS


QoS - Classic Model -

PSTN/ISDN

UNI

Transmission Performance

Communication Quality

Customer Satisfaction

SendingPerformance

ReceivingPerformance

UNI

Terminal Terminal

Customer Customer


QoS - Current Model -

NGN

SNI

Network Performance

QoS provided by Service Provider

Customer Satisfaction

UNI

SeverEnd

System

ServerPerformance

End SystemPerformance

Service Provider Customer

QoS perceived

by Customer


QoS Cycles - Classic Model -

Customer's QoS

Requirements

NP offered by Provider

NP achievedby Provider

QoS perceived by Costumer

Network Service ProviderCustomer

Source: ITU-T G.1000


QoS Cycles - Current Model -

Customer's QoS

Requirements

QoS offered by Provider

QoS achievedby Provider

QoS perceived by Costumer

Service ProviderCustomer

Source: ITU-T G.1000

NP


Definition of QoSThe collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service.

The QoS is characterized by the combined aspects of service support performance, service operability performance, serveability performance, service security performance and other factors specific to each service.

The term "QoS" is not used to express a degree of excellence in a comparative sense nor is it used in a quantitative sense for technical evaluations. In these cases a qualifying adjective (modifier) should be used.

ITU-T Rec. E.800


Definition of QoE

The overall acceptability of an application or service, as perceived subjectively by the end-user.

The QoE includes the complete end-to-end system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc).

Overall acceptability may be influenced by user expectations and context.

User-Experience-Oriented Quality

ITU-T Rec. P.10/G.100


Standards Setting Organizations on QoE

VQEG: Video Quality Experts GroupJRG –MMQA: Joint Rapporteurs’ group for Multimedia Quality AssessmentIPTV-GSI: IPTV-Global Standardization Initiative

ITU-R SG16Broadcasting services

VQEG (Video Quality Experts Group )JRG –MMQA

ITU IPTV-GSI

ITU-T SG12Performance and quality of service

ITU-T SG9Integrated broadband

cable networks and television and sound

transmission

ITU-T SG13NGN-GSI


ITU-T Study Groups Structure

SG2 Operational aspects of service provision, networks and performance

SG3 Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues

SG4 Telecommunication management

SG5 Protection against electromagnetic environment effects

SG6 Outside Plant and related indoor installations

SG9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television and sound transmission

SG11 Signalling requirements and protocols

SG12 Performance and quality of service

SG13 Next Generation Networks

SG15 Optical and other transport network infrastructures

SG16 Multimedia terminals, systems and applications

SG17 Security, languages and telecommunication software

SG19 Mobile telecommunication networks

TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group

Study Period 2005-2008 Study Period 2009-2012SG2 Operational aspects of service provision and

telecommunications management

SG3 Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues

SG5 Protection against electromagnetic environment effects

SG9 Television and sound transmission and integrated broadband cable networks

SG11 Signalling requirements, protocols and test specifications

SG12 Performance, QoS and QoE

SG13 Future networks including mobile and NGN

SG15 Optical transport networks and access network infrastructures

SG16 Multimedia coding, systems and applications

SG17 Security

TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group


ITU-T SG13 Structure（2009-2012）• WP 1/13 Coordination, Planning and Global Outreach of NGN including Mobile

– Q 1/13 Coordination and planning– Q 2/13 Network terminology– Q 10/13 Identification of evolving IMT-2000 systems and beyond– Q 15/13 Applying IMS and IMT in developing country mobile telecom networks

• WP 2/13 Service requirements, scenarios and evolution aspects– Q 3/13 Requirements and implementation scenarios for emerging services and capabilities in an evolving

NGN– Q 12/13 Evolution towards integrated multi-service networks and interworking– Q 13/13 Step-by-step migration to NGN networks– Q 14/13 Service scenarios and deployment models of NGN– Q 18/13 Requirements and framework for enabling COTS components in an open environment

• WP 3/13 Frameworks and Functional Architectures– Q 5/13 Principles and functional architecture for NGN (including ubiquitous networking)– Q 6/13 Mobile telecom network architecture for NGN– Q 8/13 Mobility management– Q 9/13 MM mechanisms supporting multi-connections for multiple access technologies– Q 11/13 Convergence of existing and evolving IMT and fixed networks

• WP 4/13 QoS and Security– Q 4/13 Requirements and frameworks for QoS enablement in the NGN– Q 16/13 Security and identity management– Q 17/13 Packet forwarding and deep packet inspection for multiple services in packet-based networks and

NGN environment• WP 5/13 Future Networks

– Q 7/13 Impact of IPv6 to an NGN– Q 19/13 Distributed services networking (DSN)– Q 20/13 Public data networks– Q 21/13 Future networks


ITU-T SG12 Structure（2009-2012）• PLEN

– Q 1/12 Work programme, QoS/QoE coordination and bridging the standardization gap• WP 1/12 Terminals and multimedia subjective assessment

– Q 3/12 Speech transmission characteristics of speech terminals for fixed circuit-switched, mobile and packet- switched (IP) networks

– Q 4/12 Hands-free communication in vehicles– Q 5/12 Telephonometric methodologies for handset and headset terminals– Q 6/12 Analysis methods using complex measurement signals including their application for speech

enhancement techniques and hands-free telephony– Q 7/12 Methods, tools and test plans for the subjective assessment of speech, audio and audiovisual quality

interactions• WP 2/12 Objective models and tools for multimedia quality

– Q 8/12 E-Model extension towards wideband transmission and future telecommunication and application scenarios

– Q 9/12 Perceptual-based objective methods for voice, audio and visual quality measurements in telecommunication services

– Q 10/12 Transmission planning and performance considerations for voiceband, data and multimedia services– Q 14/12 Development of parametric models and tools for audiovisual and multimedia quality measurement

purposes– Q 15/12 Objective assessment of speech and sound transmission performance quality in networks– Q 16/12 Framework for diagnostic functions and their interaction with external objective models predicting

media quality• WP 3/12 Multimedia QoS and QoE

– Q 2/12 Multimedia performance considerations for IP gateways– Q 11/12 Performance interworking and traffic management for Next Generation Networks– Q 12/12 Operational aspects of telecommunication network service quality– QSDG Quality of Service Development Group– Q 13/12 QoE, QoS and performance requirements and assessment methods for multimedia including IPTV– Q 17/12 Performance of packet-based networks and other networking technologies


Telecom & Internet -Pros & Cons-

Guaranteed QoSHigh Security

High Dependability

Best Effort type of QoSLow Security

Low DependabilitySpams & Malware

Fixed BandwidthHigh Cost

Flexible BandwidthLow costPROS

CONS

Telecom Internet


-Packet-based network providing telecommunication services-Making use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies-Service-related functions independent from underlying transport-related technologies-Providing unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providersand/or services of their choice.-Supporting generalized mobility, allowing consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.

Source:Rec.Y.2001

Target Standards Area

Generalized Mobility Convergence btw. Fixed & Mobile

Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F

Separation Services and Transport Architecture and Open API

QoS-enabled Transport

Multiple-BroadbandManageable Broadband

Definition & Features of NGN


NGN Specific Features

• Heterogeneous Environments• FMC (Fixed-Mobile Convergence)• Triple Play Service (Telephone, Internet, TV)• Broadband Ubiquitous

• QoS&R Guaranteed and Secured• End to end QoS&R is the target


Complexity of NGN QoS

•• UserUser--perceived QoS is endperceived QoS is end--toto--end (cf. E.800)end (cf. E.800)•• NGN QoS is complex becauseNGN QoS is complex because

–– NGN applications have diverse performance needsNGN applications have diverse performance needs–– IP is not designed for consistent application performanceIP is not designed for consistent application performance

•• Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicabilVarious mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability ity –– Diversity in an endDiversity in an end--toto--end path is common owing toend path is common owing to

•• Different levels of QoS support in endpointsDifferent levels of QoS support in endpoints•• Varying types of QoS support in the transportVarying types of QoS support in the transport•• Multiple provider domainsMultiple provider domains

Multi-Service Packet Transport

802.xxAccess

2G/3GWireless

Cable

xDSL

Domain 1 IntServ

Domain 4 Over-Prov

Domain 2 DiffServ

Domain 3 MPLS-TE

N G N

Effective management of resource contention

Source: Hui Lan Lu, Resource and admission control of NGN, ITU-T QoS Workshop, 2003


NGN architecture overview


ITU-T NGN Recommendations

control media management

他網

Applications

Transport Stratum

NNIUNI Transport Stratum

Service Stratum

ANI

Man

agem

ent

Functions

End

Use

rFunctions

Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions

Service Control Functions

Network attachment

control functions

Transport Control Functions

Resource admission

control functions

■UNI SignallingQ.3402 UNI signalling profiles

■SNIY.2012 Appendix III: SVI

■Release 1 Services and Control FunctionsY.Sup1 NGN R1 scopeY.2021 IMS for NGNY.2031 PSTN/ISDN emulation architectureY.2201 NGN R1 requirementsY.2211 IMS-based real time conversational multimedia servicesY.2213 Service requirements using tag-based IDY.2232 Convergence service using WebY.2234 Open service environments capabilitiesY.2235 Converged web browsing service scenarioY.2261 PSTN/ISDN evolution to NGNY.2262 PSTN/ISDN emulation & simulationY.2271 Call server based PSTN/ISDN emultaionY.Sup3 NGN convergence service scenarios■Release 2 Services and Control FunctionsY.Sup7 NGN R2 scopeY.2212 Requirements of managed delivery services

■NNI SignallingQ.3401（NNI signalling profile）

■Framework for IPv6 based NGNY.2051 General overview of IPv6-based NGNY.2052 Multi-homing in IPv6-based NGNY.2053 IPv6 migration in NGNY.2054 Framework to support signalling

■Future Packet Based NetworksY.2601 Fundamental characteristics and requirements of FPBNY.2611 High level architecture of FPBNY.2612 FPBN addressing, routing & forwardingY.2015General requirements for ID/locator separation

■Network Attachment ControlY.2014 Network attachment control functions

■Software Installation ArchitectureY.2901 Carrier grade open environment reference modelY.2902 Carrier grade open environment components

■Network ManagementY.2401/M.3060 Network management principles

■Principles & ArchitectureY.2001 General overview of NGNY.2011 General principles and reference modelY.2006 Capability set 1 of NGN release 1Y.2012 Functional requirements & architectureY.Sup2 Session/border control (S/BC) functionsY.2013 Converged services framework functional requirements and architectureY.2091Terms and definitionsY.2205 Emergency telecommunicationsY.2233 Accounting and charging capabilitiesY.2701Security requirements for NGN release 1Y.2702 Authentication & authorization requirementsY.2703 Application of AAA serviceY.2801/Q.1706 Mobility management requirementsY.2802/Q.1762 FMC general requirementsY.2803/Q.1763 FMC service using PSTN/ISDNY.2804/Q.1707Generic framework of mobility managementY.2805/Q.1708 Framework of location managementY.2806/Q.1709 Framework of handover controlY.2807 MPLS-based mobility capabilities

■Resource Admission Control FunctionsY.2111 Resource & admission control fnsY.2112 QoS control architecture for Ethernet- based servicesY.2113 Ethernet QoS controlY.2121Requirements for flow state aware transportY.2171 Admission control priority levelsY.2172 Service restoration priority levelsY.2173 Performance measurement mngmntY.2174 MPLS Distributed RACF architectureY.2175 MPLS Centralized RACF architecture

■Transport Control ProtocolsQ.3300 Q.33xx architectural framworkQ.3301.1 Resource control protocol for Rs I/FQ.3302.1 Resource control protocol for Rp I/FQ.3303.1 Protocol for Rw I/F: COPSQ.3303.2 Protocol for Rw I/F: H.248Q.3303.3 Protocol for Rw I/F: DiameterQ.3304.1 Rcp4 for Rc I/F: COPSQ.3304.2 Rcp4 for RC I/F: SNMPQ.3305.2 Protocol at Rt I/F

Service User profiles

Transport User profiles


Recommendations on Protocols

ControlMediaManagement

Transport stratum

Service stratum

Man

agem

ent F

unct

ions

A NI

Transport Control Functions

Resource and Admission

Control Functions

Network AttachmentControl Functions

Network AttachmentControl Functions

NNIUNI

Application Support Functions & Service Support Functions

Applications

Transport Functions

End-

User

FunctionsOther

Networks

Service Control FunctionsService UserService User Profiles

T ransport User Transport User Profiles

NGN Signalling Architecture for

Service Control Plane

NGN Signalling Architecture for

Service Control Plane

RACF ProtocolsQ.3300 series

RACF ProtocolsQ.3300 series

SIP Interworking over NNI

Q.3401

SIP Interworking over NNI

Q.3401UNI Signalling Profile

Q.3402UNI Signalling Profile

Q.3402

NACF Protocols NACF

Protocols

Signalling for Supplementary

Services

Signalling for Supplementary

Services


QoS Architecture in NGN

SCF (Service control functions),PD-FE (Policy decision functional entity),TRC-FE (Transport resource control functional entity),TRE-FE (Transport resource enforcement functional entity),

Network Attachment Control Entities

Service Control Entities

Oth

er N

GN

s

Transport Functions

PD-PE

TRC-PE

PE-PETRE-PE

RACFRu Rd

Rp Rt

Rw

Rs

Ri

RcRn

Service Stratum

Transport Stratum

PE-FE (Policy enforcement functional entity),CGPE-FE (CPN gateway policy enforcement functional entity)NACF (Network attachment control functions).


NGN History

Release 2

2006～2009ETSI TISPAN

2003 2005 2006 2007 20082004

2003～2006

Release 1

Architecture

service requirements/architecture

SG13

signalling/protocolsSG11

Release 1 Release 2ITU-T

FG-IPTV(2006/4-2007/11)

Signalling

FG-NGN(2004/5-2005/12)

Concept

▲NGNWorkshop(2003/7)

3GPP2004

Release 6

2007

Release 7

2008

Release 8

IETF ▲SIP RFC3261（2002/6）

NTT NGN2006.12 2008.3

Field Trials Commercial Services

Common IMS

•2006.7 ITU-T NGN Documents•2008.1 ITU-T Recs. on NGN Release 1•IPTV and FMC are under study

2009

Future Networks

Release 3


NGN Evolution Plan

NGNInauguration

Full IP Fixed and Mobile

Networks(FMC ready Platform)

BroadbandUbiquitousNetworks

(NGN migrationCompleted)

- FTTH subscribers: 20 million, half of which to be NGN users

- Super 3G

2008.3 2013.32011.3


New Business Models

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform

Applications/content

Terminals

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

Terminalservicevender

Legacytelecom

NWvender

NW servicevender

e.g. MVNO

Applicationvender

Platformvender

NW

NW service

Applicationplatform


Terminals

Legacycellular

+

All rights reserved Koichi Asatani 2008


Wireless Broadband Access

2007 201020092008

HSPA+(28M/5.8M)

NG-PHS(20M/20M)

Mobile WiMAX(40M/5M)

HSPA Evolution(42M/11.6M)

LTE(100M/50M)

Max

imum

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

UMB(280M/68M)

HSPA(14.4M/1.4M)

HSPA: High Speed Packet AccessLTE: Long Term EvolutionUMB: Ultra Mobile Broadband


Issues on NGN QoS/QoE

• Harmonization and Control Mechanisms– between Core Transport Networks' QoS Policies and Control

Mechanisms– between Access Network's and Core Network's QoS Policies and Control

Mechanisms– among different types of services multiplexed at Access Networks, i.e.,

among triple play services typically.

• "Universal service" in NGN era – Universal service is simple and basic pre NGN era. Triple play service is

typical service in NGN era.

• Heterogeneous environments of end systems (CPEs) leads to the necessity of complex QoE specifications.

• Which level of reliability should be regulated or non-regulated?


ITU-T SG13 2009 January Meeting

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

contributions attendees

Japan

China

North America, Europe

Korea