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NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY

THE NORTHWEST

Published Bimonthly by the

5"" color tone. coiii-position and a

varied cloudbackground thatenhances its valuein holding one’sinterest. Then. it

w. J. HUNT, Editor ............ ........ ........... .....st. Paul, Minn. "e"ai"l?' ls 301°‘ical railroad subject and. as such. it is

GEORGE R. POWE. General Mgr., Properties and Industrial Development..St. Poul, Minn

W. J. HJCHSINGER, Vice Presldent—Troi< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - St. Poul, Minn. , _

GEORGE M. WASHINGTON, Vice Pre1ident—Oll Development . . . . . . Jillinqs, Mont. ture‘ Incidentally‘ was enlarged from aaoasm A. JUBA, Manager, Industrial Development. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .st. Paul, Minn. black and While negative made i" 35"M. I-t. mxou, Western Manager, Industrial Developtnenh... ..... ........s¢¢m¢, Wm. millimeter size by Ross Madden for theS. G. MERRYMAN. Manager, Timber and Western lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Seottle, Wash. N. P.ERNEST E. THURLOW, Manager, Mineral Development and Eastern |.onds..St. Poul, Minn.L. S. MACDONALD, Director Agricultural Development Department . . . . . . . .St. Poul, Minn.

an appropriate companion for the articletr YOU WISH INFORMATION regarding rm Northern Pacic Railway, or about industry, a"‘l the Pictures 0" Pages three and fol"-ogrlcvltvre and other resource: in the territory which it serve: please addren one of the following which describe and illugt rate track workoicers (depending on the information desired)-

and other improvements on the NorthernPacic and the building of new equip-ment principally freight cars. The pic-

power boiler at the Mando division ofthe rm. acquired in a merger withthe Minnesota S" Ontario Paper companv

Cement Companies Put Up Plants at Seattle .-...§..i|,-= i.s7.000.0nn for .1 ;....~ W.-'.

Two major companies. according to not come at an earlv date. an oicer ismachine at lnternational Falls: $6.600.-

_- . ' . 4’ 000 for warehouses in Minnesota andrecent announcements. \\1ll manufacture iepoited to lime said that. on leasing thecement at locations on the Duwamish property. the rm agreed to putting New ]erse_\'.

ri\er. in Seattle. -€10.000.(l00 into improvements within _

work has been started on a $20.000.- l"ur."9a1i5- This May Be Exactly000 plant by the ldeal Cement company Sites of both companies are on the Right Tor G G°°d Lawn"n a 25'3"? Site ‘"1 ‘Vest Marginal “lay “lest :\la"I—'l"al “THY “'a"k "f the North‘ 1'sin" a Danisli introduction re.cei\ edwhere. following compleltion of co|istruc- em Pacic Rail“-at-_ in the agmnumv Section of the “rash

((ml" 1" 10 ' ’- the Emllua ('al)a('il." “ill be Ideal alreadv has a distribution plant ington .-\gricult1iral Experiment station.2.n()(J.ll00 barrels of cement. 'at the location. Built at a cost of more at Pullman. \Vasli.. in 1034. researchers

-'\ 2ll'a""' Sllt‘ lla-‘ l"’e" lea5'~"l l‘Y the than $2.000.000 in 1960 and 1961. it developed a liard_v. low-growing. deep-Kaiser Cement S‘ G§'P5“m corporation has room to store in excess of 100.000 green blue-grass. called Cougar. whichl" llie Dllwamlsh 3T€a- barrels of cement. much of it in bulk is expected to be in great demand for

While the Kaiser development may form but some in sacks. use in lawns. on golf courses and onplaying elds. Reports indicate that

Boise-Cascade to Make Improvements at Manda C°“5-'3' l"°‘l“°°5 3 “'°“‘l"“i§“‘"" ‘l~‘l“'leafv turf. There isnt enough seed to

The Boise-Cascade corporation. of brightness of wood pulp and improve go aiouiid no“; bufthefe should bel31er_Boise, lda.. may spend $40.000.000 for the quality of bleached paper. Also atimprovements in 1965. according to a St. 1-lelens. the cost of increasing the Fcrmefs at Deer Lodgereport printed in Pulp 3: Paper. a trade capacity of handling wood chips willmagazine. In addition to some $8.500.- come to 3352.000. Growing Seed Potatoes000 for a corrugating-medium mill at Other expenditures contemplated this Thirteen farmers raised certied seedWallula. Wash.. the report said that year. according to Pulp 81 Paper, will potatoes on 1.117 irrigated acres in the$800,000 will be the cost of a chlorine include. 530.000 for improvements at Deer Lodge valley of western Montanadioxide bleach plant at a Boise-Cascade Boise-Cascade’s ve paper mills at for commercial growers in Washingtonplant at St. Helens, Ore., to increase the Salem, Ore.; $2,000,000 for a new and Idaho.

2 THE NORTHWEST, May-lune. I965

T

Building Boxcars ls a Long-Time Proiect at N. P. Shops8,000 Were Completed in l0 Years at Brainerd; Company's Program for i965 Represents WidelyVaried Types of Equipment; Extensive Work on Track ls Planned, Too, During the Present Year

Equipment being acquired in 1965 bvthe Northern Pacic represents widelvvaried types of cars.

As usual. extensive car-building isniider way at the company’s shops inBrainerd. Minn.. where the 1965 budgetincludes the following: completion of 95single-sheath steel boxcars 50 feet longwhich were started last year: buildingof 200 bunkerless refrigerator (RBI)cars: and. later in the present Year. astart on 400 hoxcars of 50-foot length.

--L

The paragraph above was introduced >-with the phrase “as usual” because 'during the past 10 years some 8.000 newcars have been built in the NP. shops. “

ln addition to the current program atBl.ainer(]_ 1965 budgeted equipment in. [N THE NORTHERN PACIFIC shops at _Brainerd, 1\Iinn., the entire roof of an almost

I I th f ll 7- fr th completely assembled steel boxcar is picked up by a mechanical “centipede andEuflgs T] l_0 0“mfP‘50 0 lfld lowered into place as workmen guide it. Other cars also nearly nished are shown too.ui ers: e iverv 0 i -ton airsi ecovered hopper cars ordered in 1064: - .-

200 53-foot flat cars with cast steelunderframes: 200 50-foot mechanicalrefrigerator cars with cushion under-frames: 150 open-top hoppers of 100-toii capacity: 50 100-ton covered hop-pers with trough roof hatches: 25 drop-end gondolas. each 65 feet long: 20 100-ton covered gondolas: and 60 multi-level automobile loading racks mountedon 8‘)-foot llat cars.

(ll special interest in the l965 budgetare 20 hoxcars each 60 feet long withl00-ton capacity. These are to beequipped with load-restraining equip- -is Wment and cushion underframes. A BRAND NE“' BOXCAR, with shining paint and Northern Pacic stencils repro-Tl ._ f h duced on both of its outside walls, is ready to niove away from the company’s shops

19 ‘°ml)‘m.‘ * lll“:-wall‘ or t e re‘ at Brainerd. l\linn., on roller bearings. This is wide-opening equipment with plug doors.placement of lliesel-electric locomotiveswhich last year included the purchase of I

l5 units of 2.500 horsepower per unit. . . , eis scheduled to he continued with lamore of similar size to he acquired. ‘

.-\lso 10 new 35-loot lightweight hag-gage cars for use in passenger trains areincluded in plans for 1065. -

Extensive track work and other im-provements were included in the corri-})é1Il_\'—$ current budget. some of theprincipal features of this work are asfollows: some lll miles of main linetrack relay. most of which will be with115-pound and 132-pound continuouswelded fa“: branchqine and secondarv TRACK \VORl\ BUDGETED on the Northern Pacic for 1965 includes some lll' miles of relay on the main line, most of it with continuous welded rail. ln thc picture.track relaylns and Tall anchor Tenewali track-leveling equipment on new rail and ballast is followed by two tamping machines.

THE NORTHWEST, May-lune, I965 3

ballasting. bank widening. bridges andculverts, grade crossing replacementsand eliminations and yard and industrytracks; 1965 work in completing a ve-mile line change in northern ldaho thatwas begun early in 196-l-: signal andinterlocking plant work. including 55miles of a two-year. 117-mile centralizedtrafhc control project between Paradise.Mont.. and Kootenai. lda.: preliminaryplanning and design for centralized-traliic control installations which will bestarted in 1966 and completed the yearfollowing: construction of an 35 x 250-foot repair shop. ve depots, a combina-tion depot and freight house. a combina-tion ireight~passenger-express depot. a

A WELDER JOINS A BOLSTER casting to the underframe for a new boxcar in the warehouse and a radio maintenanceNorthern Pacic shops at Brainerd. A shop-developed turnover device rotates a nine- _ , - - -ton underframe through 360 degrees. allowing workmen unusually good welding angles. Shop ’ miscellaneous eqmpment and lm

provements of existing company serviceand revenue equipment: purchase of 50radios for the compan_v’s system radiopool and the installation of register-senders at major dial telephone switch-ing oilices: four carrier telephonechannels between St. Paul and Chicago.and a telegraph channel on the .\'.P.microwave radio facility between seattleand Portland.

Early and Long Seasonin the Columbia Basin

Emphasizing an early and long grow-ing season in parts of central “lash-ington were reports that in irrigationblock No. 1T of the Columbia Basinproject, north of Pasco. Wash. peasintended for processing were seeded this

'l‘lll'i \\'l'll.DED l'l\'DERl-‘RAl\ll'I of a boxcar. pictured in the foreground at Brainerd. \-ear on ]2‘ebrual-‘- 22 and that p]amin,,.\linn.. has been moved to shop tracks aml mounted on 70-ton roller-bearing trucks ' f b ' I "before placing of steel sides has been started. Ends later will be welded to the sides. ‘l *‘u§!ar eels 3"‘ P0tal0*'5 “'35 begull

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in the basin on .\larch l.

Frozen, Dehydrated FoodsPackaged in Oregon

Oregon Freeze Dry Foods. lnc.. builta $l.()(l0.000 plant at :\ll)any. Ore.. inwhich foods are frozen in refrigeratedspace. dried in vacuum dehydrationchambers and packaged. The companyfirst processed strawberries and usedother lruits, too. when operations werebegun in 1964-.

Walla Walla Valley Has525 Acres ol Cherries

The fruit-growing area of the WallaWalla valley. centering around Milton-

FOLTR lN(IllES OF FIBERGLASS are being placed to insulate the inner roof of a new F . [er Q“, } 1 . ai roximalelv 525bunkerless refrigerator (RBL) car at the Northern Pacic Railwafs modern car- iieellaf I . lb pp 'building shops in Brainerd. where 200 of these cars are being constructed at present. '3‘ re” 0 C Ernes-

4 THE T\'l)RTll“'E.\'T. .Ha_\'-June. I905

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BALES OF SHAVINCS lifted from con- LUMBER l-IARVESTER consists of a con- SHAVINCS BALER IS FED from a largeveyor by F. W’. Erickson weigh about taincr in which logs move back and forth hopper, above, while John Erickson65 pounds; 40 are made from a cord. across knives that are held by a frame. supervises forming and tying of bales.

Technology Created a Need for Shavings from WadenaProduct Manufactured with Minnesota Logs Sold in the Midwest as Bedding for Livestock and Pets

"You might say that modern tech- “What l mean about technology,” and are stored in a yard at the plant.nology on the farm has created a need Erickson explained, “is that few farmers As they are needed, a mobile, motor-for our factory and the employment today produce good oat straw of their powered fork conve_vs them toa machinewhich we believe it will furnish directly own because they generally use combine in the factory called a lumber harvester.and indirectly to a total of about 35 harvesters and it is widely recognized The wood. placed on a carriage. movespersons.” that with these machines—wonderful back and forth across heavy knives that

F_ W_ Erickson was Sneaking of his though they are—saving good straw is peel off the shavings. which are movedCompany, called Erickson Emernrises, a problem. Then. too, in the area we on a conveyor to the drier. located in an“Inch he and 3 §0n_ _]n}1n_ run in 3 new serve, many farmers have gone largely open section of the factory. Debarkingplant which they built at Wade|1a_ 1\[inn_ to a corn-alfalfa-soybean program and isrft required, since the bark, nely cut

The‘, selling dry wood sha\_ingS_ tllley ju-st aren; raising rnfucl11grain..Sc:i in the harvester. is screened out on the

whichithey make with Minnesota soft- t ere .15 a Ortage O . Olrelralse mm~ey0r'wood logs 50 inches long and from five material for ll“-Stock beddmg' Green shavings containing 60 per centinches to 30 inches in diameter. The The EriCk5°"5. Plant was Put "P in moisture when they enter the drier comebuyers are farmers in Minnesota. Ne- 1964- It illcludes 3 faCmT}' 20 X 60- 3 out of it with a moisture content of 25braska. Wisconsin. Iowa. Kansas. llli- Warehouse that is 5‘) X 60 31"] 3" Om“? per cent. They are moved from this pointnois. North Dakota and South Dakota measurlllg 20 X 30- During the Past by a conveyor and a blower to an ele-who use them as poultry litter and for “lmere 3 la"§!@ °ll'l"""l"? drier “'35 in" vated. enclosed. round hopper. frombedding dairy cattle and hogs. Livestock stalled which they move into a baling machinedepartments of fairs and livestock auc- Woodsmen haul in logs. which are located inside the factory. Bales of cleantion barns are other outlets. bought by the Ericksons at $8 a cord shavings weighing from 60 to T0 pounds

" -- >5-

A NEW’ FIRM AT “'ADENA has a warchousc at the left. a LOGS OF VARIOUS SIZES from Minnesota trees are liftedfactory area in the center and a large oil-red drier at the right. to a platform above a lumber harvester by a tractor-operatedShavings, when nished, contain about 25 per cent moisture. fork in the Erickson factory in Wadena, Minn., to make shavings.

rm: zvonrnwrsr, .u..,-1“.-, 1965 5

Scrap of Little Worth Turned into Products of ValueTin from Northwest Canning Industry is Converted at Seattle, Making Steel, Solder, Babbit

and Other Material

In a new 3600.000 plant opened not T Chemicals, lnc., are sold to steel pro- be converted into various chemicals de~

long ago in Seattle at 6000 West Mar- ducers in that city. rived from tin. ln fact, the company, atginal Way, M 81 T Chemicals, lnc., to put The tin during the process described other locations. already is far along withit in ll"! W0Fd$ Of the fmls l°¢al man" here goes into solution. This solution is lhe llhklhg °l melalllc elemehls l°38", L- Ala" -lamaglm “ls hllhglhg in treated and claried. Pure tin is re- °l'E~'ahlc Chemlcals l°_ make °°mP°"_hd5llh Plate scrap havlhg llllle commerclal covered from it as a metal by electrolysis “llh Calalllllc‘ slahlllzlhg’ gemllcldalValue “ml the": hY lreallllg ll- ls °°"' in plating cells. Formed into ingots of and Olhel Pl'°Pellle5-Vllhg ll l"l° l“'° Valuable °°mm°d' 112 pounds apiece, the tin is sold to local lndeed’ lhe Company ls heavlly 1"’ities.” users of nonferrous metals. who make it "°l"e(l_ln pr°Ce§5e5 for wehllhg and l_°r

The tin plate comes from can manu- into such products as solder or babbit C_hmmlum Plating and. nishes of ‘tin.facturers and canning concerns located metal for bearings. ll" =~1ll<>y. COPPCI‘ and Zinc and‘ coatingsin British Columbia and northwest states. J. K. Parks. a vice president of M 81 T allll glazes wltll many lllllllslllal llpplliIt consists of rejected tin cans, strips. Chemicals, lnc.. whose executive ofces llallOlls'remnants of sheets from which tops of are in New York City, said; “We builtcans have been cut and various other a detinning plant in Seattle because we Sll‘\‘IplOl’ wOl‘6l‘lOU$G PUTsorts of tin scrap. feel it is the hub of the giant-sized in qf wqfdgn, Wq$h_

The scrap’ aclllally 8 platlng of ll" Canning and packaging lnduslry of the Simplot Soilbuilders. a division of thech 5teel_ is transported in cpen-tQp ears Pacic Northwest. Our location here. J_ R. Simpler Company Pocateuo Ida"on the Ngrthgrn Pagig t() {hg plant in lllCI'ClOI'C. W85 8 logical Siép. Tl‘l8I‘8 8l- recently Completed corlstruction lof aSeattle. where it is treated chemically in ways Will be 8 need for the good. com- $35000 bulk ferrmzer Storacye and blend-3 large tank {Q rgmQ\'e {in_ lacquer and ITIOH lifl can and. 85 3 I'85Ull. W8 lI)6ll6\’6 inrrlwarehouse at Warden. §/ash“ in thepaint from the steel, which is washed ll"? future of detinning is assured. We Cgiumbia basin Measuring 44 X 58and then crushed into blocks or bundles have. in fact. detinning plants in six feet the buildgm, has threepbins of 70.that are tmifcrm in Size and \,'eight_ It other North American cities. serving ronlcapacirv cash on eirher Side of a

has heel‘ Polhled olll that because the Canada’ Fl°rl‘la' New Jersey‘ MalYlah‘l- drive-through allev. where farm truckscompressed scrap is of high quality. llli"°l5 and Calilomli and ol" C°mPahY can be loaded under cover. Rail sewicesteel companies can use the bundles for is hamlllhg aholll hall °l the 700-000 is provided by an industrial spur con-charging both cpemheerth and electric tons of tin plate scrap that is detinned rreering wirhl rhe Northern pacicfurnaces. Yeal'lY l" the Uhlled Slates-” Connell Northern line. and ve cars can

Bundles produced in Seattle by M 3- The plant at Seattle is capable of be placed for unloading at one time.treating 12.000 tons annually of scrap Don Reynolds is plant manager at

ll plate and it could be enlarged. Later Warden. Fertilizers are being suppliedeach are made, although in some cases some of the tin recovered perhaps will from Pocatello by the parent company.the product is sold in bulk form.

One cord of wood makes 40 bales ofshavings and a cord and a half of theraw material are used in an hour. Thefactory is working 24- hours daily, sixdays a week. with three men per shift.

The bark, Erickson said, will be putup in bags and sold as mulch. Both thisproduct and shavings may be dyed greenfor landscaping purposes.

Erickson stated, too, that he mayintroduce cedar shavings, manufacturedfrom white cedar cut in Minnesota. tobe used as dog litter.

The Erickson program is being diver-sied, also, in another direction. Sellingrights to peat mined at a deposit southof Underwood, Minn., have been ob-tained. This material is being dried andsacked at Wadena and distributed A $_600,000 PLANT OPENED at_Seattle_ uses metal deliyered in open-top Northern

_ , _ Pacic cars. Chemical treatment is applied to separate tin, steel, lacquer and paint.through a broker in Mlnn68p0llS- Scrap, then compressed into bales, shown coming from the plant, goes to mills.

6 THE NORTHWEST, May-June, 1965

__ . _. 4-" - ‘gm --I - '

NOT A “'EED IN SIGHT in this large eld of corn raised last and 30-day varieties often mature; some of them made ripeyear by John Scott & Son, Grand Forks county, North Dakota, corn even last summer, which wasn't a good season for the crop.a part of the Red River valley. In this northern area 75-day Some of the growers fatten cattle. Others sell corn they raise.

Latitude No Bar for Them in Using Corn as Cash CropFarmers at Gilby, N. D., Obtain Profitable Yields; Some Own Heavy Picking, Shelling and

Grand Forks county. in the Red Rivervalley of North Dakota, never has beencounted as a part of the corn belt of thenation. lt is quite far north for that. Yet.for many years a few of the farmers inthis county have grown corn~—from35.000 to 40.000 acres some years—more for silage and fodder, however.than for picking.

ln recent seasons some of the largerfarmers have taken to corn as a cashcrop and as a feed for making choiceand prime beef in their own feed lots.

One of them expressed the opinionrecently that corn makes a good sub-stitute for barley in the area and thatprobably it took up some of the acresthat can't be planted to small grain be-

Drying Machines

dropping every 13 inches, and we try toget 16,000 plants per acre or more.”

John Scott S; Son, at Gilby, haveraised corn as a cash crop for ve years.

/ They sold mature corn two years ago,harvested with their picker-sheller, which

\ went to Canada for use in poultry feeds.J; _, A year ago the Dicksons bought corn

r- from the Scotts. In 1964- there were 4-50acres of corn on Scott land.' Thomas A. Martindale, extensionagent in Grand Forks county, said re-

‘ cently: “Much to my surprise, some of' , our farmers here produced ‘picking corn’ii‘ in 1964- in spite of an unusually early

frost in August and a season that gen-eral was poor for the crop. Yields, ofcourse, were down. The better growers

cause of requirements for compliance got from 4'0 to 50 bushels Per aCre- somewith federal benet pmgrams_ CORN _RAlSED BY Farmer Dickson, left, of them have driers which generally they

Final statistics for 1964- arenlt a\'ail- R'i|(:.,,hl;o;ep;:f:s;, Yol,ll:i:,'::;|_c:§h:-’a|?onn‘l use at least °“ 3 Pan °f their "OP-”able. but in 1963. in the county. of the l In addition to the Dlcksons and the13.000 acres of corn planted. 3.400 were The Dicksons, who have a mechanical _Sc°u5’ others among the larger gT°“'er5for picking. The average yield per acre picker, feed their crop as corn-and-cob mclude_ Gordon McLean and Fl°Ydwas 62 bushels of mature corn. To ob- meal to cattle and sheep. They had 180 Cr0nqulst’_whO ha“: fro‘? 100 to 150tain that average. higher yields on some head of beef animals on feed last year acres each In com ff" Plckmg’ mid Rlia"farms had to be harvested. Production and 900 sheep. Brothers’ west of Gaby‘up to T2 bushels an acre was reported “It takes 3 log of gom and we buyl" 8 ff!“ eldi some to add to our own supplv,” Farmer Aluminum Used as Armof

Farmer Dickson and two nephews who Dickson said. “Our corn is planted be- on uotoppablen Tanksfarm with him near Cilby, Allen and tween May 10 and 20, and we harrow A tough but lightweight aluminumWilliam Dickson. had 100 acres of 75- the crop both before it is up and after- alloy made at Spokane by the Kaiserday and 80-day corn in 1963 that a\'er- ward. Three cultivations are the usual Aluminum & Chemical company in itsaged T2 bushels per acre. on the basis thing. Our crop gets 150 or 175 pounds Trentwood works and developed in theof shelled corn. They use corn as one per acre of 23-23-0 chemical fertilizer firmis research laboratories now is usedcrop ina rotation. following small grain. at planting and sometimes nitrogen is as armor plate on tanks of the U. S.5ummer fallow usually follows the corn applied in the fall. depending on how army. called “droppable" vehicles whichand then sugar beets or potatoes are much money we have at the time. We are delivered to remote areas by air-raised before putting in grain again. plant in 38-inch and 4-0-inch rows. hill- planes.

THE NORTHWEST, May-lune, I965 7

Taconite Industry oi Minnesota is Moving Ahead RapidlySeven Plants Either Are Operating, Under Construction or Have Been Announced; 4O Tracts ofNorthern Pacific Property Have been Leased; Current Negotiations May Result in an Increase

lt has been estimated that in each The railwayis taconite was acquired vested to produce taconite in Minnesota.1965 and l‘)(>() taconite rock mined on on lands obtained in earlier years with ollicers of mining and steel rms haveNorthern Pacic land on northern .\lin- the purchase of the 5t. Paul S Duluth said they will build and equip additionalnesotais Mesabi iron range will total liailroad and other small lines. plants costing upwards of $50().000.000l.5()().00l) tons and that probably in fol- Minnesota has enough taconite rock creating several thousand new jobs forlowing years the amount will be greater. available for open-pit mining to produce workers. When construction which has

The Erie Mining company has leases 15.000.000.000 tons of taconite pellets. been announced already is linished. sev-with the railway lor 36 tracts of 40 according to Eugene P. Plleider. pro- en plants making taconite pellets willacres each. or l.~H0 acres. Four tracts fessor of mineral engineering at the ['ni- be in use in northern .\linnesota.of 40 acres each have heen leased to the versity of .\linnesota. This means. Prof. ln fact. an addition to the 7.500.000-lieserve .\lining company. l’lleider indicated. that the taconite in-

Both mining lirms are making taco- dustry in the state can expand to an out-nite pellets containing ()0 per cent or put of from 50.000_000 to 75,000.-more iron when ready lor shipment to 000 tons of pellets annually and stillsteel mills. Erie's plant is at Hoyt Lakes. have suliicient resources to last froml\linn.. near Aurora. and Reser\"e's is 10- 200 to 300 years without including orescated at Silver Bay. that can be reached through more costly

The .\o1"tl1er|1 Pacilicis interest in the shaft mining.area is watched closely by its mineral Taconite is located in an area approxi-development division. At an ollice in mately 100 miles long and about twoHibhing. Layton C. Binon is serving as and a half miles wide in the region ofdistrict mining geologist for the com- the Mesabi iron ore range. The rock ispany: Charles Jordan is assistant ge0l0- extremely hard and its magnetic irongist: and Harry Wold is assistant mining particles are very ne. Taconite. in fact,engineer. is so hard that a new kind of drill. a jet

Taconite underlies other l\ortl1e|"n Pa- piercer. had to he developed. lt burnscilic holdings on the hlesabi also and oxygen and kerosene. with steam. andnegotiations are under way to place creates -L300 degrees of temperature. Itthese lands under lease now that an heats so fast that expansion and subse-amendment to the state constitution 1'e- quent contraction crumble the rock, mak-cently was passed. insuring equitable tax ing a hole for blasting material. N- P- A§‘5lST_AI_\'T. Charles Jordan.‘ of

_ . -‘I - (‘Ont ){I|I\' S mlnlll dl\ ISIOII X itreatment for 20 years. With over >:500.000,000 already 1n- |m_ml‘iu_' (|ri||(_d [sum mi|wa‘_‘.

1. ~.» . . , ;'f*.~.“ --4.‘ » a ~57‘, .r"‘-. Q“ 5. V. - ‘...¢,

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ONCE IT HAS BEEN DRILLED and blasted in fragments. tuconitc, a rock that is A JET DRILL using an oxygen-kerosenehard as flint, is scooped up on an N. l’. lease in northern Minnesota by a six-yard ame is shown making holes in taconiteshovel and is loaded into an 80-ton ore cur to go to u plant where it is rened. roek to hold charge of blasting material.

3 THE .\"onTnwEs'r, May-June, 1965

ton plant of the Erie Mining companyrecently was reported. A S50.000.000expansion is expected to add 2.800.000tons of capacity. The plant of the Re-serve Mining company. capable of turn-ing out about 9,000,000 tons of pelletsin a year. has been enlarged once.

Announcements recently released ofintentions to build include the follow-ing: the Jones S; Laughlin corporation. a1.500.000-ton facility between Biwabikand McKinley: the Hanna Mining com-pany, a 2.000.000-ton plant 15 mileswest of Hibbing: the Hanna Miningcompany and the National Steel corpora-tion. 2,400,000-ton plant 10 miles west ofHibbing near Keewatin: the Ford Motorcompany and the Oglebay Norton com-pany. one near Eveleth to produce 1.-600,000 tons of pellets: the U. S. Steelcorporation. which has a plant produc-ing under 1.000.000 tons annually, willput up one. at Mountain Iron. to make4.500.000 tons of pellets per year.

Noble Fir from WashingtonGrowing Now in Montono

ln a test to learn whether Noble r.not native to the Rocky mountain area.can be grown there successfully. theNorthern Pacic Railways foresters ob-tained 900 two-year-old seedlings of thespecies at a state nursery in Washingtonand planted them during May and June.1963. in the region of Lolo Pass. in theBitter Root range. in western Montana.

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8. ' ‘*4 ‘I. .‘ '-“- “-1-.

AT THIS PLANT ERIE Mining company, annually makes, near Aurora, Minn.,7,500,000 tons of taconite pellets consisting of 63 per cent iron. At the left, rear, arecrusher houses and concentrator. Pelleting division is at the lower right corner.

The site had been clear-cut during a 20 minutes, a double-track rail line withspruce-beetle epidemic of 1953 and slash centralized tralc control could, in 24was burned in 1954. hours. carry 18.000 freight cars aver-

At the end of 1963, it was indicated aging 56.9 tons of cargo per car, whichby a ve and a half per cent sampling was the estimated freight car capacitythat the survival was practically 100 per ill I963. 01' 3 l0lI Of I-024-200 W115-cem_ Last fall, 3 year later, another over four and a half times the capacitycount showed survival at 99.4 per cent. of 3 I-°ur‘la"e~. I“'°'“'3Y express hI§h“'aY-

“The trees have not yet made muchgrowth,” W. E. Pelto. managing for- caliiornia Firm openedester for the company, said recently,“but they appear healthy and should Q F°¢I9|'Y GI V0059‘-IVe|'‘take OH’ this Spring", A California company that already

had plants in three states and ve otherRGIIS MOIG EEICIQIII’ countries, Roberts Consolidated Indus-!‘ Q

on south-sloping land near PackersMeadow at an elevation of 5.300 feet.

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l'l\Ol‘t EXPIGSS HIQIIWGYS tries, Inc., recently built and occupied a

with trucks in each lane, about 20 factory at -Vancouver. Wash.. on three

seconds apart, a four-lane. two-way ex- acres acquired from the Port of van’pressway can carry 18200 trucks in 24 couver. With 512600.000 worth ofhours. Loaded to a 12-ton capacity gross sales I" 1964- the rm makeseach, they would move 213_4()() tons in tackless carpet stripping for laying wall-the period. to-wall carpets. It also makes adhesives.

On the other hand. with a train every steel doors and carpet installers’ tools.

Q ‘ ‘ii

AMMONIUM NITRATE, about like grass FIRST PART OF THE MINING operation to recover taconite lrom Northern Pacicfeflilizgf, is piled |'Qa(|_\' to go into jet- property in northern Minnesota is stripping of overburden. which is being done withpierced holes to blast N. P. taconite. a power shovel for the Erie Mining company. which now has leases on 36 parcels.

THE NORTHWEST. May-lune, I965 9

7Ti‘ T v :0

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‘=1

SACKS OF CONES, green from woods. FIR CONE AT LEFT opened like the one WTNCS OF SEEDS are removed in thisare tagged and a record is made by forest on the right when dried. Seeds, below machine when they pass between a screenengineers at the Crown Zellerbaeh center. pencil, drop out in tumbling process. and a series of brushes which revolve.

Pin Money Found Under a Forest Tree or in a Hollow LogGathering and Drying Cones, Cleaning and Storing Seed in Western Areas Important Proiecf

The Crown Zellerbach corporation, aleading manufacturer of paper, has along and enviable record in conservationand restoring stands of trees. Close to90,000 acres of forest growth have beenrenewed by the rm’s planting and seed-ing.

An integral part of the company’sprogram is its seed-gathering program.which centers around a processing plantit owns and operates at Vernonia, Ore.

Cones are accumulated there fromcollection stations where members offamilies in Oregon and Washington who

mainder being spruce, hemlock, grandr, white r, silver r, noble r and redcedar.

Cone sizes and shapes vary. Noble rcones sometimes run 35 to a bushel, butit takes hundreds of hemlock and thou-sands of cedar cones to make a bushel.

Buyers at collection stations obtaincomplete data on the cones’ family treefrom collectors. Such information aselevation, location and age of the treeis recorded, as well as species, monthand year harvested. This pedigree is im-portant for future use because seeds

are “hhng re 5r°°P- Crawl °r climb ror CONES ON TRAYS are dried for 36 have planting limitations. Cones fromlhem Sell ll"? 601195 i0 CFOWII Zellerbach hours at 100 degrees. Those above are trees at lower elevations do not producehh)‘er5- The Workers gather their harvest being removed {mm 8 hi“ 3' v°m°“"" seeds which ourish at higher levels. Theon ll tree farms owned by the corpora- cone’s native climatic zone is also im-lion in the two states. They nd conesunder trees and in squirrel caches andby shaking limbs which. in good years,are heavily laden. It is an interestingfact that thrifty but absent-minded squir-rels lay aside ve times the amount ofcones they consume, experienced forest-ers have learned, storing them in hollowlogs. under stumps and along creekbanks.

ln one of the good years (the supplyvaries widely from year to year) CrownZellerbach’s staff bought 20.000 bushelsof cones which yielded 10.000 poundscontaining from 750000.000 to 1,000.-()()0_()()Q ' d' 'd 1 d__ h 1 SEED AND CHAFF tumbled from dried

k

portant. A variation in average annualtem erature of more than two devreesD

5can aect a seed s future growth.

Processing is done at a drier, wherecones are placed in racks and dried fortwo or three days at a constant tempera-ture of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Thismethod slowly opens the scales. allowingseed to fall out when cones are tumbled.Later they are cleaned and de-winged.Samples from every lot are sent to theOregon Seed Testing laboratory, Cor-vallis, Ore., where researchers test thegerminating qualities. If the seed passesinspection. it is placed in a cold storage

in ivi ua see s moret an ha f locker at Vernonia. where it can remain. . cones are sacked and then they are taken .of which were Douglas r. with the re- ,0 8 deaning mi“ to sepamm the mm up to 10 years without loss of regenera-

10 THE NORTHWEST, May-June, 1965

Tramway on Yellowstone River Solved a School ProblemChildren from l60,000-Acre Haughian Ranch Take Sky Ride Daily to Meet Bus on HighwayIf you had 10 children to educate but and 1,800 sheep and 50 quarter horse had vanished and, now, a tramway was

one of the world’s large streams owed mares are kept. the answer. Put in during 1961 at a costpast your doorway, separating you from A local school, near the old home- of $23,500, with the county sharing aschools, with no bridges within miles stead, took care of the Haughian young- part of the expense for the rst 10 years,and miles, what would you do? sters for several years but when it it has been sewing well. The children

To meet sueh 3 predicament, the burned in 1959, the family and county leave home at 7:30 a.m. One of Henry’sHaughian famy, Owners of the Haughh authorities looked for alternatives. The family comes down daily to go along.an Livestock eerporatiorh in prairie schoohlhadf been (hosting $4.100 la year They eross the 1,300-foot spa}: of threeount eastern Montana, huilt an elee. in pu ic un s. or two sc oo years river, rom one tower to anot er, wittrieenig, powered tramway whose round the children wgere taken to hKhnsey(,] the 8}? adult pushing lgttlrins thlatfcontrtlil

er new rens ate] hack and forth nearest point, ut someone a to rive t e tramways car. a mg a a mieZieisg the Yellowstsene fiver on 3 hefty 65dmges cgailyéo do it‘(tiwo rpluni tripsll f;omYthle terminal in the south side ofeah|e’ earrying not errh, seheohage as, an , esi es, insey a no ig sc oo t e e owstone, tey are waiting oneengers hut also visitors and adults of at the time. lt is 35 miles one way to a highway No. 10 at 7:55 a.m. when athe family who prefer this short route school or a bridge at Miles City and by school bus headed ‘for Terry, -12 milesto nearby Stores and service eenter5_ road (‘a rrilediocre roag, at that) itris 45 aw-ah, pils hiding this VFl1lC:\8., they

Susian Haughian’ patriarch of the mi es int e opposite irection to erry. reac sc oo e ore a.m. ‘n t e eve-family, president of the corporation and reached by crossing a distant bridge. ning the procedure merelytis reversed.mother of Daniel, Henry, Jerome and While there once had been a ferry, it As there are more Haughian childrenLeo Haughian, who are members ofthe rm. now lives in Miles City. She

‘

and her husband. who died in the early.

1900’s, emigrated from Ireland and the‘

Haughian ranch. which today consistsof 250 sections of land.—a mere 160.000acres—was founded as a small home-stead that is the site now of buildingsoccupied on the north side of the riverby Daniel and Leo and their families.This is also the location of one terminalof the tramway. Henry and Jerome, withtheir families, live 20 miles away—upri\'er—but still on Haughian ranchproperty. lncidently. 1.000 beef calves Two HAUGHIAN FAMILIES LIVE on the north side of the river, where buildings

. ' ar seen in the p'cture which shows too one tower of a l 300-foot tramway across“ere branded on the ranch m 1964 th: Yellowstone alnd the car which imovies on a steel cable that spans the stream.

tive quality. It can be used in planting.Some of these seeds are planted at the

forest industries’ Greeley Nursery atNisqually, Wash. After two years in thenursery’s rich valley soil, they are seed-lings from 10 to 14- inches tall, readyfor replanting.

Other seed lls the hoppers of heli-copters for sowing on hard—to-reach treefarm land. The remaining seed is setaside for emergency purposes. Shouldre denude an area, this standby supplycan be used to restock the land as soonas the ashes cool.

1

l

It is one of nature’s wonders that a

- ~ I togra e w oseed, one-eighth inch long, weighing one idgram’ “Jill grow to a height of 125 feet their picture as they were about toazrosgsafleciiiaqliidisioiiie ariseroin lhpl: of a iiziliiiiyand Weigh six tons in 60 years. costing $28,500 which makes it possible for them to attend school daily in Terry, Mont.

mi: NORTHWEST, May-lulu, was 11

still of pre-school age at home. the trani-way is likely to go right on serving the .__‘ . . ;-__. »~,;" <

,-

. ,~-- _- \ -.cause of education for years to come. " n_v_,;'.1-.~'-.,'.»....,~>~-_f"" ; '7'“

This Potato VarietyHas About Everything ». " *=;*5§?%1§*33'**

A new variety of potatoes that has

North Dakota Agricultural Experiment

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many assets has been developed at the ‘ ' ' ' ‘ , 1 ,,I.-- '"~*~"'1.’;:; —;'_-Y 1 '

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. . .. -:. .1..‘* \s -1 ~ -~ 5,-,_ '~ ~11‘ - s Q‘ '_ ‘~-~s '-‘ -Q . ‘ '-J c ’ '1"station. Recently named Norgold Russet. __-V *'_-=—'.,v'~.»‘-e"'“-‘9"“““"5 “"~ .",~"‘»‘_;" ~-¥'3-‘ ">1" "* '.. . . . -. 1". £5 -~ :_, ~: ,3. 4 ‘, ; --_ .. .

it is said to produce a high yield of 91', -' », " '11 ,.T'.”.'--5:1,‘; £.._X=,;-§';~_-.- -5;, P»_. “I ' .- . I. .~-"F;-. ' - = " " ~-' _3\\v'- »/‘IT 1‘; 1

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go eii-co ored tubers that are uniform ',pg:--;;_'i;:,~-.'_- Q‘ 1 , V. .' . “i -' '1':-._ "".~ rt»‘ 3+ “P ‘ T 1 ;';.‘3' '1' 1 " ,'}" i , 1*" ‘;in their oblong shape and are smooth ;.l_~ i; ,-_, _ . ..,\‘ _.‘.4 -. _ - ,...- .- .1. ‘-,,,_ ,,~‘ ,2 ‘.,’..4 .‘.,.;¢. Q“ .." . ;_. s.i.. tar?“ .\/ .

and shallow-eyed‘ and have a netted skin. "iii '-. 1- i i. . - . . . ,\ ,. ~ » u -\Also this new kind has a more or less

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complicated pedigree; having come from ~_-,_, 5,; iii._ _~_.“__I,”?~;.-L3‘-I-,<.;;;_.L, ' T“ a

5

a cross made in 1900 of ldaho A 119-1 ‘ ' ' “ti " ’ "" ' ‘ ’

CRAMBE. AN OIL-SEED CROP that has been tested in several states. yields well ineastern Washingtoii, where the picture above was made during swathing at the timeof harvest. Yields up to 2.300 pounds per acre have been obtained at Pullman.

Crambe New Source of Valuable OilAcids Derived from lt Useful in Plastics, Resins, Jet-Engine

Lubricant, Flotation Agents, Rubber and Perfume

SlI'€i(‘l1 your imagination enough to to the varied list of potentials cited invisualize a iiiustard-like plant from the foregoing paragraph. holds promisewhose seed can be extracted oil for use of a high protein livestock feed. after oilin the nianufacture of lubricants and extraction and modication.rubber products and from whose oil ])ur]ng the past four y-ear5_ experi.chemicals can be obtained for use in mema] work has ])een 3 project of youth.such varied products as perfume. water- ful ])r_ Vern E_ Youngman, agronomist

l"'°°"? 5°l1"l°"5 for ieXlile5- “'a‘e5- with the university. whose objective isl)la5li"lZer5- l'la5ll(‘5- "95i"5*lhe" Y0“ to determine whether this crop has thehave some idea of the known potentials economic possibilities sought by WaSh_

of crambe aliyssinica, which for the past ington farmers to ,~eP]a(-e or to rotatefour years has been under intensive with such crops as drv peas and barleystudy at Washiiigtiiii State university. now ]e' ., ] . 1 ' -h t) HID })I'O( U(€( OI] N 3 Ol1('(‘ \\'ElSin Pullman. Wash. “heat acreaga

The botanical description of crambcabyssinica or just crambe. as it is called )

The four years of work carried on by’ l r. Youngman have included plot trials

commonly. states that it is an erect herb at the Spmman Agronomy farm_ nearranvln" up to three feet tall. with largepinnately lobed leaves. indeterminate

1- 1- P Pullman. and small acreages mi commer-cial farms in that vicinity. Efforts to (le-

°“lermg llalms‘ “ltll each ower Pm" terniine areas of Washington best suited(‘lU(‘lt‘l" a Sllt"l€ spherical seed pod about . . - .I‘ 1" foi pioduction and the influence of

. h - B _-(1 . . . .EZ‘“B£E£i::§GH:lKlil:l€0:)l:n:',::p:,‘;_ gin“ t ii] silszea Ogngl shat ei ea((l;d_st‘_ie(l temperature. soil. moisture. planting, . . - S . . . . . _.ne] Buue, N_ D" mm ‘he mp prize. PO 5 1- '3 ee “ ‘ l " a l '0" depth and fertilization on yield and seed

quality have been included in Young-and N. D. 24-T5-8. A 11‘)-1 was a cross manls “Ork-of Russet Burbank and another Idaho “trade” has been described as “gratify- bnder controlled cultural and harvestselection. while the other parent came ing.” practices at the university farm. yieldsfrom a union of the Ontario variety and The University of Minnesota iiitro- of up to 2.300 pounds of seed per acreaNorth Dakota numbered lct' . d d ' 'h't hse e ion uce a new w i e potato t is spring have been obtained. Farmer cooperators

Some 3.100 acres were planted in one called Anoka—said to be uniform in in the area have harvested as high as1964- for certified seed and for commer- size and shape and to have a smooth 1.000 pounds per acre. The bnitedcial table stock. Acceptance by the surface. States department of agriculture has

12 TIIE NORTHWI-l\‘T. May-lune. 196.;

been the only purchaser of crambe seed. facture of plastics, plasticizers, alkyd gated on this large project in 1948.The department Uses it {Of Tesearell and resins, lubricants and surfactants. The Those facts were oomainod in 3 reportadditional seed supplies. Production, by other product, pelargonie acid, is used released recently from the project head-

hhimeli °°°P°mt°'5’ha5 bee“ hhder °°h' hr the Prcdhctrch °t lehehghre hlhrh quarters of the U. S. Bureau of Recla-tract with the department. cants, otation agents and insect repel- motion, at Eph,-am, Wash

Trial plantings have been made in lents. Oils containing erucic acid are be- The returns in 1964 were earned byseveral states, including Maryland, Iowa, ing used currently in the United States 2 376 farm operators who irrigatedNebraska, Montana, Wyoming, Texas, for the preparation of rubber additives. 3§;8 691 acres our of 8 total of 467 7920 W . Y. 9 s

iiigiiii iiiiii iisiiiiigiiiiii iiiiiis iiiiiiii Erucic acid for American industry now acres with water available during thevaried from 860 pounds per acre at Wes- d .lac Tex. where it rew a a f ll-seed d iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiii iiiihiiiiiiiiii aiiii iiiiiiiiiiiii see yiiiii0, , g s a ecrop’ up to 2,300 pounds at Pu|]man_ largely Imported mm this c°hhhiy' igohii While there was an increase in har-

Except in Texas, crambe is planted as a iiiiiiii’biiiii.rpi:iiiiiiiii:1iigii iii iiigiiiti Iiiiilriiri vested crcli-‘land °t 22-hm acres as c°m'S - r cram e °‘ lash‘ to excee a W 1° pared with 1963 an important reasonpring c op

can be obtained from the other two i iThe excitement created by this plant the Bhtieahia reP°rt ahmved» tcr higher

which is nativet western Asi E i 5°hrcea_ ahd’ a°c°“hhg to estimate? °i returns was a favorable situation of po-o a, urope l_

and the Mediterranean area, stems from iiiii Uiiiiiiii siaiiis iiiihiiiiiiiiiiii iii iigiiiciid tetc 8r_°vverav vvhc harvested 28-383

the chemical structure of its oil. Crambe iiiiii’ 65’iiiiii iiiiiieii iii ciiiiiiiiii iiiiii . acres vvrth ah average Yteld ct 17-9 tchabe produced each year to replace oil Th rrh 5

from nine locations in the United States bean rm orred an acre. is crop was wo $17, 70,-

was analyzed in federal laboratories at g ii i 000 °r $619 ah acre’ at the hrat Pthht °tPeoria, 11]“ and good quality seed’ fl-oo The extent to which crambe will be delivery in the season but stored po-

of hulls (seed pods) was found to con. grown depends, naturally, on the extent tatoes brought even more money latermin 4.5_7 per con; oi1_ 1; was also found to which American industry can utilize in the year.

that gccd quality ch cchtahred trcm 54 this hew Smhice of °h—ahd the price’ While 63 different crops were raised-to 61 per cent erucic acid——the reason Per Pchml, that ca" he Paid t° Pr°dhc' major ones, in addition to potatoes, werefor all the excitement among research cr5- Bartel’ ahd Peas ht the Palohse area sugar beets, alfalfa, small grains, drvchemists of the U. S. department of °t Washington’ Where crambe seems beans, seed pgag and gilago, i

agriculture and to which the manv adaPted» have heeh grceahlg ahcht $55Beets raised on 32 570 acres 'ielded

products mentioned earlier owe to some Per acre °h the average 1" rcceht Year5- 23 tons’ am’! vrirred atextent their existence and usefulness as Based ch ah average Yreld °t 1-.000

we know them today.pounds per acre, crambe at ve and a $14-.20 a ton, or a total of $10,637,362.

Two products are derived from erucic half cents per pound would be competi- lnrthr 16 years since 1948, vhen thsacid’ both of which are used in large tive. rst irrigated production was arvest

quantities by industry. One is brassylic Cultural and harvesting operations oh the project’ Crops worth more ihah$4-06 000000 have been raised recordsacid, which nds demand in the manu- are not a special problem, since seed- ’ ’ ’

bed preparation, fertilizing, seeding and oi the Bureau of hechhhahoh show‘harvesting all can be done with equip-ment any farmer now uses for the pro- i Serving "re hrdusrry |

duction of grain and dry peas.

ln favor of the higher price range forthis unusual crop, Dr. Youngman pointsto the industries that could utilize do-mestic production, such as manufactur-ers of rubber goods, paint, plastics, pe-troleum products, household and indus-trial waxes—all of which are growingindustries whose demand for raw ma-terial is increasing. Furthermore, newuses for crambe oil and its derivativesare being discovered by research chem-ists.

Basin Farm Return ls ,

Above $64,000,000 F

Total gross crop returns on the Co- T0 MEASURE PRE55URE some 11,000- - - - - - feet below the surface and at intermediate

iiiiiiiiiii Biisiii iiiiiigaiioh pro-leci’ in cehi points in a well in eastern Montana ontral Washington, in 1964- Were $64,200; a Northern Pacic lease, Richard L.

MUST:-ARD'LlKE CRAMBE heal? elnle ()()()’ an increase of $7,()0()r0()O over. 1963 Brown, of Billings, aixed a bottom-holeseed In small Pod» as Rel! 0" this Plan! d th I . I d . . pressure bomb on a wire line which wasllelll held by DI’- VB"! E- Y0lll18Il18II- an e argest smce an list was 17"‘ payed out from a trailer at the left.

THE NORTHWEST. May-lune. I965 13

Third Powerhouse at Grand Coulee Now ls ProbableName-Plate Rating at This Site on the Columbia Would Be Lifted 3,600,000 Kilowatts, to a Totalof 5,574,000; More Storage in Canada Will Make Water Available for Bigger Output of Power

LI S. Senator Henry M. Jackson. from *""" , q N“the state of Washington. has said he willintroduce an act in the present sessionof congress to authorize the U. S. Bu-reau of Reclamation to build a p0\\'er- —__¢- T K7" H‘ -".house along the eastern bank of the Co-lumbia river. at Grand Coulee dam. in ' ’ T ithe east-central part of his state. ~ -

yfititt

‘<2..

. _#-

— T \.':_j.'~‘

Already two powerhouses. each con- -p

23 .- *taining nine generators with a name-

plate rating of 108.000 kilowatts apiece. - i ‘1_g_$. -

are located on the face of this great \_, - /

4

. . -1,dam. on its north side. Also. there are /' r - 1 ~

. I

three 10.000-kilowatt station-serviceunits. 5' / _¢

The powerhouse now being proposed.the third one at the site. would contain . '

12 generators. each rated at 300.000kilowatts. or a total of 3.600.000. g_-";;f'."_;,

./-r-1:This would make Grand Coulee. with5.57-1.000 kilowatts. the largest power- "_/_“‘-i-_:-_. " '

house in the world. Russia is said to

growing residential and industrial areas..~\ report on economic justification

and feasibility of the project at GrandCoulee has been prepared.

The engineering staff of the Bureauof Reclamation has plans worked out.They are reported to call for the ex-penditure of over $364-.000,000. but theamount may be “substantially” less.since this figure was predicated on thepossibility of using tunnels to carrywater to the new plant’s turbines.

:\ plan now favored. engineers havesaid. involves cutting oil a part of thedam at its east end and buildinga wingdam or forebay dam at elevation 1.150feet. Grand Coulee reservoir thus wouldbe extended around the east side of thenew powerhouse and would occupy space

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_ AN ARTISTS IDEA of a third powerhouse at Grand Coulee dam, shows how thehave one capable of lurmng out 5-000" east end of the present dam, at the right, would be cut and then a new forebay()()() ki|0wau5_ Another reported at 6_- would furnish water to the powerhouse. Switchyards would be moved up the canyon.000.000 kilowatts (ultimate capacityi isbeing built in Venezuela. but it hasn't ously. would have to be moved. Com- 1,500 feet long. 150 wide and 220 feetbeen completed. mon excavation at the site would amount high is contemplated about two-fths

There remains little doubt that §en- to 6,000,000 cubic yards and rock exca- the height of the Washington monument.ator ]ackson’s legislation will pass. what vation. it is expected. would total 3,600.- in Washington. D .C.with engineersi oft-repeated estimates 000 yards. lt is expected that generating units.that more and more electricity will be lt has been estimated that the project 100 feet from center to center instead ofconsumed and with a further move now would take 1,500,000 barrels of cement. 65 feet in the present powerhouses ata_<,<u|-H] (Q Ifangfef power from the Pa. 1.000.000 cubic yards of concrete and Grand Coulee. would go in in groups of('i(* A\,'(,n]1“~(.-at 10 California’; rapidly possibly 75.000 tons of steel. A building four and. if legislation is passed this

that is the present hcation of the dam’s IT HAShBEEN PRO:OSlgDbthat Grand Coulee dam, shown in its present form, withMb which. in an M :.:’:.::.':'.::“;.:'.:::..:r. ;...;:11.:'.£..'.:':.:.*:."'t.'*:.':..:':'.:'=:.':.':::*..‘:".2" Q" '“:.'.""' ‘ - m e gene ors.

14 THE NORTHWEST. May-June. 1965

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iinished in l‘)T4. with others installedperhaps by 1033. Bureau officials be-

lleve.

to public attention at the present timeH

Canada and the linited .<tates. ratifiedrecently. which eventually will make21

sites on the Columbia river in the United i

gtates. The Dominion of Canada willconstruct three dams in the Columbiadrainage basin in Canada. A contractfor Duncan dam. on a branch of theKootenay river, has been let. This oneand a dam on Arrow Lake. for which l

3

cated on the main stem of the Columbia,in British Columbia. must be completed

ear. the rst group possibly could be

This tremendous undertaking comes

s a result of an agreement between

vailahle more stored water at all power

contract also has been awarded, lo-

in live years from the date of last year’s 1

ratication of an international agree. GENERATING lll\'lTS, LARGER THAN those_in use, to measure 100 feet frommeml known the Columbia river center: to center. instead of the present ones at brand Coulee, illustrated above, which

treaty. The third Canadian dam. called i i p 'arc (1.) feet from center to center, are expected to he installed in grou s of four

Mica. is to he nished in nine years. l l‘ ' _§ . .. . . - . — - _- - -more tie nlted tates ieteu ed per on the l\ootena|, making n.a00,000 acreThe three will make reservoirs storing mission to back water 40 miles into feet of storage. or a total of over 20,-

1o.000.000 acre feet of water. Further Canada from Libby dam. in Montana. 000.000 acre feet in addition to 10.000,-HUO presently available at Grand Coulee

i or above it.The dominion. \vhich may put in

powerhouses at its three dams. received$254.ll(tU_UlN) for its interest in addition-

’ .» al firm povver \vhi<~h. non. \\ill be pos-‘ L sible in the lvllited States as a result of

.», I vii’ I increased controlled flow at ll dams in_.' the Columbia. \luch of this power. until

it is needed in the Pacific Y0i'tl1\\"t*st.\\ill be m;irl<eted in California as a resultof an intertie of transmission lines be-

Mcbile Harvesting of Peas ls Replacing Vining Stations

tueen the two areas vyhich will berouj_'ht about at a cost of nearly $Tlt0.-

tllllljtltll by publicly owned and pri\"ate.iIl\estot‘-0\\'l1c(l utilities. Thus. thcrc is

the prospect of an early marliet for someof the surplus secondary power and off-l)€ill( rm power from plants on theColumbia river.

lt has been said repeatedly that the consumer-sized packages in a processingBlue mountain district. including such plant in the district. lt is expected that immobile yinerslocations as \Valla “lalla. Dayton and Clinn:_.e5 in niellinils and iniin-0‘-e_ will be replaced entirely. Substantial“vaitsburgz. “lash” and .\lilto|i-Ft*ee\\'a- inenls in facilities have lieen n0lahle_ numbers of pea combines already haveter and Pendleton. Ore.. supplies a third ()ne of the most iniiini~lanl is ii shift to been acquired by large _<_'rowers and byof the frozen peas consumefl in the mobile harvesting of peas and lima l"°C@5~‘°r5- i"(‘l"‘li".l the Birds EYC ‘ll'lnited 5tates and from a sixth to a fth bean; with 5elf.i)mpelle(l and tractor, vision of the General Foods corporation.of the canned peas—some sources sa_v a drawn pea combines and pea pOdders_ Libby. .\lcNeill S; Libby. lnc., the Rog-fourth of the canned peas. Fruits and These large machines do the Vining in ers-Walla Walla Canning company andseveral other vegetables are processed. the eld rather than at Central stationary the Green Giant company.100- ll"! in Smalll‘ 8m0llY1l5- vining stations. Either pods or hulled Some leaders in the industry feel that

ln the picture above, choice frozen peas are moved directly from elds to during the coming season more moveseas are beinv laced mechanically into factories. toward chanved methods are due.P c P . c~

THE NORTHWEST, May-lune, I965

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This Western North Dukotan Runs His Farm like an Industry

business of at least average importance , pounds as the plants accumulate moreNearly everyone today who runs a n acre. but yields could go up to 300

is more or less familiar with the virtuesof diversication and. too. with some ofits disadvantages.

Most farm leaders have preached di-versication of crop and livestock en-terprises for 50 years or more. Manymanagers of manufacturing rms andservice corporations more recently havetaken up the idea of broadening out byadding lines of products and services.

$0. Joe. Weiss. a young farmer in§tark county. western North Dakota.wasn't introducing basically a new idea

age and when the rainfall is plentiful inthe growing season. The going price forthe seed of this grass varies from ()0 toTl) cents a pound. While pubescent wheatgrass. Weiss says. is similar to interme-diate wheat grass. it will grow on moreunpromising sites.

On 42 acres planted to feather bunchgrass. or green stipa. a selection fromnative grass made at the federal gov-ernment's northern eld station. nearMandan. N. D.. Weiss expects to harvestseed by 1966. He feels that the potential

when seven years ago he began shifting J Ylehl l5 100 Pounds fl seed all acrehis land into Crepe of special seeds Weiss, above‘ ii; ‘he produggz (‘if gm‘: under favorable COIl(illl0I‘lS..AIl impor.rather than raising all wheat. barley and seed to improve native grazing regions. lalll advalltage of the Seleclloh Over ‘lsgrass l-le merely was trying to widen native counterpart is that seed of the

hl§ °PP°l'l""llY by <ll\'°l'5lf)'l"{l- wild rye and now has 50 acres of this "e“er strain has a shorter Period of“l found federal 90"lT°l5 0" bolh crop in rows seven feet apart. He culti- d°m“mCy'

wheat and feed grains so restrictive on veles between the rows and also he keeps “It takes time to become establishedmy 480-acre farm.” Weiss said recently, the plants from spreading between {he growing grass seed.” Weiss explained."that l had to think of some other use rows. since that would reduce the yield. “l Cahil $0 all ("ll llghl al hlsl becausefor land. Safiiower seemed uncertain. l Sixty pounds per acre of 33 per cent lhe yields on young plantings are un-found it reassuring, however, when I nitrogen are applied, Seed is l-la]-vested certain and I have to keep some incomerecalled that this region I live in always from July 4 to 10 with a combine with- 00ml"? llom Olher 5°"l'Ce$- l h°Pe lohas been a natural grass-growing area. out windrowing. The average per acre gel "her l(l"d5- l°°~ and ma)’ ll)’ Warm"Furthermore. much of the range needs :""ounts to about 100 pounds of seed. 59350" {"355 ll" seed» 5"¢h 35 5lde'°al§reseeding. l asked myself a question. although it may go up to 200 pounds Emma aml hlg hlueslehh which shouldWhy not raise grass seed to help meet some years on some land. It brings he useful l" Fadlng "P lhe "all"? Tallilethat need? The answer was that someone around 50 cents a pound. lallds Ol lhe area-”would have to do this. I could very well After llarvesling 5eed_ Weiss [urns Weiss does his own selling. He hasbe itl” cattle onto his Russian wild rye_ He elips his seed certied by the state seed de-

Weiss l”@3S0n6(l llll he W0lll<l 116811 the cured stalks in the fall and gets some Parlmehl and lheh oers ll l° local ele'more than one kind of 5eed_ since in fall and early winter pestering, l0e_ vators. stores and individuals. Half ofdifferent years some wouldn’t do Well, Five years ago 10 acres of pubescent hl5 °"lPllt goes lo Persolls “'h° “OPwhile at the same time others probably wheat grass were planted. It made seed right at the farm lo Pick ll “P-would flourish. in commercial quantities the rst time it seems that diversication may, in-

ln 1959 he put in his rst Russian in 1964-. The yield was 150 pounds per deed, turn out to be a fortunate move.

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