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PY3090PY3090Preparation of MaterialsPreparation of MaterialsLecture 1Lecture 1

Colm StephensColm StephensSchool of PhysicsSchool of Physics

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Text BooksText Books

Materials Science & EngineeringMaterials Science & EngineeringAn IntroductionAn IntroductionWilliam D William D CallisterCallister, Jr., Jr.SS--LEN 620.11 53*5;1 LEN 620.11 53*5;1 ……. 10. 10

Introduction to Materials Science for Introduction to Materials Science for EngineersEngineersJames F James F ShackelfordShackelford620.11 M56*5620.11 M56*5

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Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective

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Types of MaterialsTypes of Materials

MetalsMetalsCeramicsCeramicsSemiconductorsSemiconductorsPolymersPolymersCompositesComposites

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Metals Metals

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Ceramics Ceramics

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Semiconductors Semiconductors

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Polymers Polymers

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What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?

PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance

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Properties of MaterialsProperties of Materials

MechanicalMechanicalPhysicalPhysical

ElectricalElectricalThermalThermalMagneticMagneticOpticalOpticalDeteriorative Deteriorative

PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance

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What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?

PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformanceStructureStructure

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What do we mean by structure?What do we mean by structure?

MacroscopicMacroscopic

MicroscopicMicroscopic

Atomic levelAtomic level

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BondingBonding

MetallicMetallicBondingBonding

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BondingBonding

CovalentCovalentBondingBonding

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BondingBonding

IonicIonicBondingBonding

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BondingBonding

Van der WaalsVan der WaalsBondingBonding

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Types of bonding in engineering Types of bonding in engineering materialsmaterials

Si, CdSCovalent or ionic/covalent

Semiconductors

PolyethlyneCovalent and secondary

Polymers

Silica (crystalline and amorphous)

Ionic/covalentCeramics and Glasses

Iron, CuMetallicMetal

ExampleBonding CharacterMaterial Type

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Representation of Crystal StructuresRepresentation of Crystal Structures

Atomic hard sphere modelAtomic hard sphere modelLatticesLatticesUnit cellsUnit cells

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7 Crystal Systems7 Crystal Systems14 Crystal (Bravais) Lattices14 Crystal (Bravais) Lattices

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Atomic Packing FactorAtomic Packing Factor

cellunitofvolumeTotalcellunitainatomsofVolumeAPF =

HomeworkHomeworkCalculate the APF for Calculate the APF for

(Primitive) cubic (Primitive) cubic BCCBCCFCCFCC

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Crytallographic Points, Directions Crytallographic Points, Directions and Planesand Planes

Set up rightSet up right--handed set of axes handed set of axes x, y, x, y, andand zzx, y, x, y, andand zz along the edges of a unit cell along the edges of a unit cell Origin at a lattice pointOrigin at a lattice pointx, y, x, y, andand zz not always mutually perpendicular!not always mutually perpendicular!a, b, a, b, andand cc are the unit length of the three corresponding are the unit length of the three corresponding unit cell edgesunit cell edges

Labelling conventionsLabelling conventionsPointsPoints DirectionsDirections PlanesPlanes101 101 [110][110] (110)(110)111 111 [111][111] (100)(100)

FamiliesFamilies {001} {001} <011><011>¯̄ ¯̄

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Basic aim of this short courseBasic aim of this short courseUnderstand how processing affects the Understand how processing affects the

StructureStructurePropertiesProperties

PerformancePerformanceof materialsof materials

What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?

ProcessProcess StructureStructure PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance

Concentrate on Concentrate on metals,semiconductorsmetals,semiconductors