pv july sept 2013

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¬Áp◊Ë Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ŒflÊ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ÁŸÿ◊-∑§ÊÿŒ ‚ÅÃ „Ò¥– ß‚Á‹∞ fl„Ê¥∑§Ë ŒflÊ ∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÊ¥ •»˝Ë∑§Ê •ı⁄U ∞Á‡ÊÿÊ ∑‘§ ª⁄UË’ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ ∑‘§ ÁΔ∑§ÊŸÃ‹Ê‡ÊÃË „Ò¥– ©Ÿ∑‘§ Ãı⁄U-Ã⁄UË∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U •ÄU‚⁄U ‚flÊ‹ ©ΔÃ ⁄U„ „Ò¥– ∞‚◊Ê◊‹Ù¥ ∑§Ë ÷Ë ∑§◊Ë Ÿ„Ë¥, Á¡Ÿ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÙª ∑‘§ Œı⁄UÊŸ ∑§È¿ ◊⁄UË¡Ù¥ ∑§Ë ◊ıÃ „Ùªß¸ ÿÊ ©ã„¥ ßÃŸÊ ª¥÷Ë⁄U ŸÈ∑§‚ÊŸ ¬„È¥øÊ Á∑§ fl Á»⁄U ‚Ê◊Êãÿ „ÙŸ ∑‘§‹Êÿ∑§ Ÿ„Ë¥ ⁄U„ ª∞ ÿÊ ŒÍ‚⁄UË ’Ë◊ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ø¬≈U ◊¥ •Ê ª∞– ◊äÿ¬˝Œ‡Ê•ı⁄U •Ê¥œ˝ ¬˝Œ‡Ê ◊¥ ∞‚ ŒÈπŒ flÊ∑§ÿ íÿÊŒÊ „È∞ „Ò¥– ßŸ ÉÊ≈UŸÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘§ ◊gŸ¡⁄U ∑§È¿ ’⁄U‚Ù¥‚ ÷Ê⁄UÃ ◊¥ ÁÄU‹ÁŸ∑§‹ ≈˛Êÿ‹ ÿÊŸË ŒflÊ•Ù¥ •ı⁄U ≈UË∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ê ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ πÊ‚Ê ÁflflÊŒÊS¬Œ◊ÈŒ˜˜ŒÊ ’Ÿ ªÿÊ „Ò– ÷Ê⁄UÃ ∑§Ë ÁªŸÃË ©Ÿ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ „ÙÃË „Ò ¡Ù ŒflÊ ©lÙª ◊¥ •ª˝áÊË „Ò¥–ÿ„Ê¥ ŒflÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘§ ¬˝ÿÙª íÿÊŒÊ „ÙŸ ∑§Ê ∞∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ÉÊ⁄U‹Í ŒflÊ ©lÙª ÷Ë „Ò– ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊÙ¥ ∑‘§Œı⁄UÊŸ „Èß¸ ◊ıÃÙ¥ ∑‘§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ÿ„ ◊Ê◊‹Ê ¡ŸÁ„Ã ÿÊÁø∑§Ê•Ù¥ ∑‘§ ¡Á⁄U∞ ‚flÙ¸ëø ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ ◊¥÷Ë ¬„È¥øÊ– ãÿÊÿÊ‹ÿ Ÿ ©ÁøÃ „Ë ß‚ ◊Ê◊‹ ◊¥ ‚¥flŒŸ‡ÊË‹ÃÊ ÁŒπÊß¸ •ı⁄U ∑§„Ê Á∑§ ‹ÙªÙ¥∑§Ù ÁªŸË Á¬ª ∑§Ë Ã⁄U„ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ Ÿ„Ë¥ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ– ‚ÊÕ „Ë ∑‘§¥Œ˝ •ı⁄U ⁄UÊíÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥∑§Ù ŸÙÁ≈U‚ ¡Ê⁄UË Á∑§∞–ÿ„Ë Ÿ„Ë¥, •ŒÊ‹Ã Ÿ ©Ÿ ∞∑§ ‚ı ’Ê‚Δ ŒflÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘§ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ ¬⁄U ⁄UÙ∑§ ‹ªÊŸ ∑§Ù ∑§„Ê,Á¡ã„¥ Áfl‡Ê·ôÊ ‚Á◊ÁÃ ß¥‚ÊŸË ‡Ê⁄UË⁄U ¬⁄U •Ê¡◊ÊŸ ∑§Ë ◊¥¡Í⁄UË Œ øÈ∑§Ë „Ò– •ŒÊ‹Ã ∑§Ù •ÊESÃ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ë ◊¥‡ÊÊ ‚ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑‘§ fl∑§Ë‹ Ÿ ∑§„Ê Á∑§ Ÿß¸ ŒflÊ•Ù¥ ∑‘§ ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ÁŒ‡ÊÊ-ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ÃÒÿÊ⁄U ∑§⁄UŸ ∑‘§ ◊∑§‚Œ ‚ flÒôÊÊÁŸ∑§ ⁄U¥¡ËÃ ⁄UÊÿ øıœ⁄UË ∑§Ë •äÿˇÊÃÊ ◊¥ ∞∑§ ‚Á◊ÁÃªÁΔÃ ∑§Ë ªß¸ ÕË •ı⁄U ©‚ fl ‚È¤ÊÊfl ÷¡ ÁŒ∞ ª∞ Õ ¡Ù ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ◊ÊŸflÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄U •ÊÿÙª•ı⁄U SflÊSâÿ ∑‘§ ◊‚‹ ¬⁄U ‚Á∑˝§ÿ ‚Ê◊ÊÁ¡∑§ ‚¥ªΔŸÙ¥ Ÿ ‚◊ÿ-‚◊ÿ ¬⁄U ÁŒ∞ Õ– ‹Á∑§Ÿ‚flÊ‹ „Ò Á∑§ ‚Á◊ÁÃ ªÁΔÃ „ÙŸ ∑‘§ ◊„ËŸÙ¥ ’ÊŒ ÷Ë S¬C ÁŒ‡ÊÊ-ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ¡Ê⁄UË ÄUÿÙ¥ Ÿ„Ë¥ Á∑§∞¡Ê ‚∑‘§ „Ò¥– ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË fl∑§Ë‹ Ÿ ŒflÊ ∞fl¥ ¬˝‚ÊœŸ ‚¥‡ÊÙœŸ Áflœÿ∑§ ∑§Ê ÷Ë „flÊ‹Ê ÁŒÿÊ–ÿ„ Áflœÿ∑§ •ªSÃ ◊¥ ‚¥‚Œ ◊¥ ¬‡Ê „È•Ê ÕÊ, ¬⁄U •’ ÷Ë ‹¥Á’Ã „Ò– ÿ ‚∑§Ê⁄UÊà◊∑§ ¬˝ÿÊ‚„Ò¥, ◊ª⁄U ŸÊ∑§Ê» Ë „Ò¥– ¬˝SÃÊÁflÃ ÁŒ‡ÊÊ-ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ∑‘§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ ¡Ù ÷Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË •’ Ã∑§ •Êß¸ „Ò©‚‚ ÿ„Ë ‚¥∑‘§Ã Á◊‹ÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ŒÙ·Ë ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊŸ ¬⁄U ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ∑§ÃÊ¸ ∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÙ¥ ∑‘§Áπ‹Ê» ∑§«∏ Œ¥«Êà◊∑§ ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑‘§ ¬ˇÊ ◊¥ Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò, ◊È•Êfl¡ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ÷Ë ©‚∑§Ê⁄UflÒÿÊ ‹ø⁄U „Ò– ŒflÊ ∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÊ¥ ◊Ÿ◊ÊŸ Ã⁄UË∑‘§ ‚ ‹ÙªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸ ¡ÙÁπ◊ ◊¥ «Ê‹ ∑§⁄U¬⁄UËˇÊáÊ ∑§⁄UÃË •Êß¸ „Ò¥ ÃÙ ß‚∑§Ê ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ÄUÿÊ ÿ„Ë „Ò Á∑§ ß‚ ’Ê⁄U ◊¥ S¬C ∑§ÊŸÍŸ ∑§Ë ∑§◊Ë„Ò– •¥Ã⁄U⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ •ÊøÊ⁄U ‚¥Á„ÃÊ ∑§Ù •ÊœÊ⁄U ’ŸÊ ∑§⁄U ÷Ë ∑§Ê⁄U¸flÊß¸ ∑§Ë ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃË ÕË– ÿ„Á∑§‚Ë ‚ Á¿¬Ê Ÿ„Ë¥ „Ò Á∑§ ∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÊ¥ Ÿß¸ ŒflÊ•Ù¥ ∑§Ù •Ê¡◊ÊŸ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ’„Œ ª⁄UË’ ‹ÙªÙ¥∑§Ù øÈŸÃË „Ò¥ ÃÊÁ∑§ ©ã„¥ ÕÙ«∏.‚ ‹Ê‹ø ¬⁄U ¬˝ÿÙª ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ⁄U¡Ê◊¥Œ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑‘§– Œ‹Ê‹Ù¥•ı⁄U «ÊÚÄU≈U⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù ÷Ë ∞‚ Á‡Ê∑§Ê⁄U ◊È„ÒÿÊ ∑§⁄UÊŸ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ∑§◊Ë‡ÊŸ ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ß¥Œı⁄U ∑§Ê∞∑§ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄UË •S¬ÃÊ‹ ß‚ ªÙ⁄Uπœ¥œ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ∑§ß¸ ’Ê⁄U π’⁄UÙ¥ ◊¥ •Ê øÈ∑§Ê „Ò– ∞‚ ◊Ê◊‹Ù¥◊¥ œÙπÊœ«∏Ë ∑‘§ ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ∑§ÊŸÍŸÙ¥ ∑‘§ Ã„Ã ÷Ë ÁŸ¬≈UÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ ÕÊ– ¬⁄U ’⁄U‚Ù¥ ‚ ‚Ê»∑§ÊŸÍŸË ¬˝ÊflœÊŸ Ÿ „ÙŸ ∑§Ê ’„ÊŸÊ ’ŸÊÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ ⁄U„Ê „Ò– ©ê◊ËŒ ∑§Ë ¡ÊŸË øÊÁ„∞ Á∑§‚flÙ¸ëø •ŒÊ‹Ã ∑‘§ „SÃˇÊ¬ ‚ ß‚ ◊Ê◊‹ ◊¥ ∑§«∏ ÁŒ‡ÊÊ-ÁŸŒ¸‡Ê ¡Ê⁄UË „Ù¥ª •ı⁄U ©Ÿ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ÷Ë ‚ÈÁŸÁpÃ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑‘§ªÊ–

SflÊSâÿ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ ‚‚¥’h ‚¥‚ŒËÿ SÕÊÿË‚Á◊ÁÃ ÷Ë ŒflÊ¬⁄UËˇÊáÊÙ¥ ∑§Ë ¬˝Á∑˝§ÿÊ ◊¥ÁŸÿ◊-∑§ÊÿŒÙ¥ ∑§Ë•ŸŒπË ¬⁄U ŸÊ⁄UÊ¡ªË¡ÃÊ øÈ∑§Ë „Ò– ◊ª⁄U •’÷Ë ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ë •Ù⁄U ‚ÁŸª⁄UÊŸË •ı⁄U ÁŸÿ◊Ÿ∑§Ë ∑§Ùß¸ ¬ÈÅÃÊ √ÿflSÕÊŸ„Ë¥ „Ù ¬Êß¸ „Ò, Ÿ◊È•Êfl¡ ∑‘§ ‚¥’¥œ ◊¥∑§Ùß¸ ãÿÊÿ‚¥ªÃ •ı⁄US¬C ŸËÁÃ ÉÊÙÁ·Ã ∑§Ëªß¸ „Ò– ß‚ ¬⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U∑§Ù ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U Á»⁄U‚flÙ¸ëø •ŒÊ‹Ã ∑§Ë» ≈U∑§Ê⁄U ‚ÈŸŸË ¬«∏Ë–

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EDITORIAL

¬ÊΔ∑§Ù ¢ ∑§Ë¬˝ÁÃÁ∑˝ÿÊ

„Ê‹UÊ¢Á∑§ ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ‚ŒÒfl „Ë ∞∑§•„◊ ¬„‹UÍ ◊ÊŸÊ ªÿÊ „Ò, ‹UÁ∑§Ÿ•Ê¡∑§‹U ∑§Ë „Ê‹UÃ Œπ∑§⁄U ß‚‚ÿ„ ¬ÃÊ ‹UªÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò Á∑§ÿ„ Áfl·ÿ „◊‡ÊÊ ΔU¢«U ’SÃ ◊¢ „Ë ⁄UπÊ ªÿÊ „Ò– ÁflE¬ÿÊ¸fláÊ ÁŒfl‚ ¡Ê Á∑§ ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ¬˝Á◊ÿÊ¢ ∑§ Á‹U∞ Áfl‡Ê· ◊„àfl ⁄UπÃÊ„Ò ©‚ ÁŒfl‚ ¬⁄U ∑§Êß¸ Áfl‡Ê· ∑§Êÿ¸„ÊÃÊ Ÿ¡⁄U Ÿ„Ë¢ •ÊÃÊ– ¬ÁG∑§Ê mÊ⁄UÊÁflÁ÷Û§Ê ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§ ¬˝§ŒÍ§·áÊÊ¢ •ÊÒ⁄U©‚ ’øÊŸ ∑§ ¡§Ê Ã⁄UË∑§ ’§ÃÊ∞ ª∞„Ò¢ fl„ ‚⁄UÊ„ŸÊ ∑§ ‹UÊÿ§∑§ „Ò¢–©¬„Ê⁄U ∑§ M§¬ ◊¢ ÿÁŒ ¬ıœÊ ÁŒÿÊ¡Ê∞ ÃÊ ©‚‚ ’«U∏Ê$ ∑§Êß¸ ÃÊ„»§ÊŸ„Ë¢ „Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ– øËŸ ◊¢ ÿ„ ¬˝ÕÊ∑§ßZ ‚Ê‹UÊ¢ ‚ „Ò Á¡‚‚ ∑§Ë ¬˝ŒÍ·áÊ∑§Ê ⁄UÊ∑§Ÿ ◊¢ ◊ŒŒ Á◊‹UÃË „Ò–¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃ ÿÁŒ ‚¢¬ÍáÊ¸ ¡ŸÃÊ‚ ∞∑§ øÊÒÕÊß¸ ÷Ë ‚¡ª „Ê ¡Ê∞ ÃÊÁflªÃ vÆ ‚Ê‹UÊ¢ ◊¢ ÿ„ ‚◊SÿÊ ¬ÍáÊ¸M§¬ ‚ πà◊ „Ê ‚∑§ÃË „Ò–

•ÊŒ‡Ê ÁŸª◊,⁄UÊ¢øË

There is seen an dramatic changein the wildlife. Wildlife is ruined bythe society in day to day lifecycle. Recently indian gangeticdolphin and will elephants areenlisted in the top most 100mammals who are going to beextinct.It is very shameful to thegovernment that they are not pro-tecting the wildlife by the huntersand the other problems. Due todeforestation various mammalshave changed there location aswell as many of them are gotteninto the deep.If this behaviour is not controllednow then the wildlife can be seenonly in zoo’s.

Gaurav Rao,New delhi.

SflÊSâÿ ∑§ ¬˝ÁÃ •Ê¬∑§Ê äÿÊŸ ªÿÊ ∞fl¢ ∞∑§ ∞‚Ë ‚◊SÿÊ ∑§ ’Ê⁄U ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ÁflSÃÎÃ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UËŒË,Á¡‚∑§ Á‹U∞ •Ê¬∑§Ë ¬ÁG∑§Ê ∑§Ê œãÿflÊŒ ∑§⁄UŸÊ øÊ„ÃÊ „Í¢– flÊ∑§ß¸ ◊¢ •ÊÒÉÊÊÁª∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ ∑§ßZ§ ∞‚ËŸß¸ ’Ë◊ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ¢ ¡ã◊ ‹UÃË „Ò¢ Á¡Ÿ∑§Ë Ã⁄U»§ Á∑§‚Ë ∑§Ê ÷Ë äÿÊŸ Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ò, ∞fl¢ ÿ„ ‚◊SÿÊ Á»§‹U„Ê‹U ÃÊ ª¢÷Ë⁄U◊Ê‹ÍU◊ Ÿ„Ë¢ „ÊÃË ‹UÁ∑§Ÿ •Êª ø‹U∑§⁄U ÿ„ ∞∑§ ª¢÷Ë⁄U ◊‚‹UÊ ©÷⁄U∑§⁄U ‚Ê◊Ÿ •Ê ‚∑§ÃË „Ò– ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U∑§Ë ‚◊SÿÊ•Ê¢ ¬⁄U äÿÊŸ Ÿ ŒŸÊ ∞∑§ Áø¢ÃÊ ∑§Ê Áfl·ÿ „Ò– ∞∑§ ÁøÁ∑§à‚∑§ „ÊŸ ∑§ ŸÊÃ „⁄U ’Ë◊Ê⁄UË ∑§Êß‹UÊ¡ ∑§⁄UŸÊ œ◊¸ ÷Ë „Ò •Ò⁄U ∑§◊¸ ÷Ë, ß‚ ◊Èg ∑§Ê ‹U∑§⁄U ∑§„Ë¢ ÷Ë Á∑§‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ‚ê◊‹UŸ ÿÊ ‚÷Ê Ÿ„Ë¢∑§Ë ªß¸ „Ò– «UÊÚ. Á„Ã‡Ê ¬ÊΔU∑§, ’Ò¢ª‹UÊ⁄U

Child labour is seriously affectingthe nature of the society. If thesociety needs to be developedthen the new generation shouldbe educated enough to get theneeds to be fulfilled. The upgrow-ing use of child labour in minesand quarries is ignoring thefuture of the childrens, althoughthe government has given rules,but they are kept aside. Themagazine has given the pointsthat how can we eliminate childlabour, if we go in this order wecan eliminate poverty as well.These are the two main keyswhich can make the shape ofindia better.

KEDAR AGARWAL

¬ÊŸË ’øÊŸ ∑§Ë ◊ÈÁ„◊ ∑§Ê⁄Uª⁄U Ÿ„Ë¥ÿ„ ‚ø ‚ÊÁ’Ã „Ê ø‹UÊ „Ò– Á¡‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U •Ê’ÊŒË ÁŒŸ-’-ÁŒŸ ’…U∏ÃË$ ¡Ê ⁄U„Ë „Ò Á¡‚∑§Ê ∑§Êß¸ ⁄UÊ∑§ÕÊ◊Ÿ„Ë¢ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê ⁄U„Ê „Ò ∞‚ ◊¢ ¬ÊŸË ∑§Ê ŸÊ‡Ê „ÊŸÊ ‚Ê◊Êãÿ ’ÊÃ „Ê ¡Ê∞ªË Á¡‚∑§Ê πÊÁ◊ÿÊ¡Ê „◊Ê⁄U •UÊŸflÊ‹UË ¬ËÁ…U∏ÿÊ¢$ ∑§Ê ©ΔUÊŸÊ „ÊªÊ– •Ê¡ ÷Ë Œ„ÊÃ ∑§ ∑§ßZ ‡Ê„⁄UÊ¢ ◊¢ ¬ÊŸË ∑§Ë √ÿflSÕÊ ßÃŸË π⁄UÊ’ „Ò Á∑§¬ÊŸË ‹UŸU ∑§ Á§‹U∞ ∑§Ê‚Ê¢ ŒÍ⁄U ¡ÊŸÊ ¬«U∏ÃÊ „Ò, ÿÊ $Á»§⁄U ¬ÊŸË ∑§Ê ‚å‹UÊÿ „Ë Ÿ„Ë¢ „ÊÃÊ– ’…U∏ ‡Ê„⁄UÊ¢ ◊¢ „Êß¸-¬˝Ê$»§Êß¸‹U ‹UÊªÊ¢ mÊ⁄UÊ Á¡ÃŸÊ ¬ÊŸË √flÕ¸ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò ©ÃŸÊ ∑§„Ë¢ Ÿ„Ë¢ „ÊÃÊ – ÿÁŒ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ¡‹U∑§⁄U ’…U∏Ê÷Ë Œ Ã’ ÷Ë ÿ„ ‚$¢∑§≈U ∑§◊ Ÿ„Ë¢ „Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ ß‚∑§ Á§‹U∞ ¡M§⁄UË ÿ„ „Ò Á∑§ Sflÿ¢ ¡ŸÃÊ ¡ÊªL§∑§ „Ê∑§⁄Uß‚ Áfl·ÿ ¬⁄U ∑§Êÿ¸ ∑§⁄U–

•Ê‡ÊË· ¡ÒŸ, ÷Ê¬Ê‹U¬˝∑Î§ÁÃ ‚ ¡È«U∏Ë „Ò „⁄U •Ê¬ŒÊÿ„ ’ÊÃ ÃÊ ◊ÊÿŸ ⁄$πÃË „Ò Á∑§ ¬˝∑§∏ÁÃ „Ë ÁŸ◊Ê¸áÊ ∑§⁄UÃË „Ò ∞fl¢ Áfläfl¢‚ ÷Ë ¬˝∑Î§ÁÃ ‚ „Ë „ÊÃÊ „Ò– ß‚∑§Ê©ŒÊ„⁄UáÊ ©ûÊ⁄UÊπ¢«U ∑§Ë Ã’Ê„Ë ∑§Ê Œπ∑§⁄U „Ë ‹UªÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò– ∑§ßZ§ ’Ê⁄U ¬˝∑Î§ÁÃ •ı⁄U ◊ÊÒ‚◊ ŸøÃÊflŸË ÷Ë ŒË ‹UÁ∑§Ÿ Ÿ „Ë ¡ŸÃÊ ∑§Ê Ÿ ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ©‚¬⁄U äÿÊŸ ªÿÊ Á¡‚∑§ ’ÊŒ ¬˝∑Î§ÁÃ Ÿ ¡Ê ‚¡ÊŒË ©‚‚ •Ê¡ ÁŒŸ Ã∑§ ◊ÊÃ◊ ∑§Ê ◊Ê„ÊÒ‹U ’ŸÊ „È•Ê „Ò– ∞‚Ê ©ûÊ⁄UÊπ¢«U ◊¢ ¬„‹UË ’Ê⁄U Ÿ„Ë¢ „È•Ê „Ò ß‚∑§¬„‹U ÷Ë ∑§ßZU ’Ê⁄U ’ÊŒ‹U »§≈UŸ ∑§Ë flÊ⁄UŒÊÃ¢ „Ê øÈ∑§Ë „Ò¢ ¬⁄U ‚⁄U∑§Ê⁄U •ı⁄U ¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ Ÿ øÈå¬Ë ‚Êœ ⁄UπË ÕË–•flÒœ ÁŸ◊Ê¸áÊ ∞∑§ ∞‚Ê ÷ÿÊfl„ M§¬ ‹U ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò ß‚ ’ÊÃ ‚ ‚’∑§ ‹UŸÊ „Ë ◊ÊŸfl ¡ÊÁÃ ∑§ Á‹U∞»§ÊÿŒ◊¢Œ „ÊªÊ– •ãÿÕÊ ∑§ßZ§ üÊhÊ‹Í •¬ŸË œÊÁ◊¸∑§ •ÊSÕÊ πÊ Œ¢ª–

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Olive Ridley turtles near extination in orissa 30Why aren’t thermal power companies...... 32Dengue - the result of poor waste..... 34An organic manure factory for Rs. 800 only 36Extreme carbon emission may cause..... 37World Hepatitis Day - 28th July 38Water bodies in danger 40Water on the way to get privatize?? 42Solar technologies on developement 44Tremendous change: threat to Estern Ghats 45Global Warming Spurs spread of crop..... 46NCR likely to generate 50,000 metric..... 48

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◊ŸÈcÿ ¡ÊÁÃ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ πÃ⁄UÊ ’Ÿ ªß¸ „Ò¥ – ÿ

’È⁄UÊßÿÊ° „Ò - •ãÿÊÿ, ª⁄UË’Ë, •Á‡ÊˇÊÊ ÃÕÊ

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‚¥∑§À¬ ‹ŸÊ •’ „◊Ê⁄U Á‹∞ ’„ÈÃ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§

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÷Ë ŸÊªÁ⁄U∑§ „Ò¥ ÃÕÊ ÁflE •ı⁄U ß‚ ÁflE ∑‘§

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ÁãÚUèÜè ãôÌè Áæ ÚUãè ãñ‡ÊÒ‹ãº˝ Á◊ûÊ‹

15 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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16 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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¬˝’¥œŸ ‚Á◊ÁÃ ∑‘§ •äÿˇÊ ’Ò¡ŸÊÕ øı⁄UÁ‚ÿÊ

Ÿ ’ÃÊÿÊ Á∑§ flÒS≈UŸ¸ ∑§Ù‹ »§ËÀ« Ÿ fl·¸

wÆvw-vx ◊¥ v,y|Æ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏ L§¬∞ ∑§Ê

∞fl¥ ªÃ fl·¸ v,wxÆ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏ L§¬∞ ∑§Ê

⁄UÊ¡Sfl ∞∑§ÁòÊÃ Á∑§ÿÊ ÕÊ–

ÿÊÁø∑§Ê∑§ÃÊ¸ ∑§Ê Ã∑§¸ „Ò Á∑§

¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ •ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ë

œÊ⁄UÊ w (‚Ë) ∑‘§ •¥Ãª¸Ã ¬«

¬ıœÙ¥, ¡ÊŸfl⁄UÙ¥ ∞fl¥ ‚Íˇ◊

¡ËflÙ¥ ∑§Ù ¡ÒÁfl∑§ ‚¥‚ÊœŸ

◊ÊŸÊ „Ò– øÍ¥Á∑§ ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê

¬˝Ê∑§ÎÁÃ∑§ M§¬ ‚ ¬«∏Ù¥ mÊ⁄UÊ

’ŸÃÊ „Ò •Ã— ÿ„ ¡Òfl

‚¥‚ÊœŸ „Ò– ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑‘§ •¥Ãª¸Ã ¡ÒÁfl∑§

‚¥‚ÊœŸÙ¥ ∑‘§ √ÿÊfl‚ÊÁÿ∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹ ◊¥,

ŒflÊßÿÊ¥, •ılÙÁª∑§ ßã¡Êß◊, πÊl, ‚Èª¥œ,

‚ı¥Œÿ¸ ¬˝‚ÊœŸ, ⁄UÊ‚ÊÿÁŸ∑§ Á◊üÊáÊ, ¡¥ª‹Ë

¡ÒÃÍŸ, ⁄U¥ª, ‚Ã˜ ∞fl¥ ¡ËŸ ∑‘§ „SÃˇÊ¬ ‚

»§‚‹ ∞fl¥ ¬‡ÊÈ œŸ ◊¥ ‚ÈœÊ⁄U ÷Ë •ÊÃ „Ò¥–

ß‚◊¥ ¬⁄U¥¬⁄UÊªÃ Ã⁄UË∑‘§ ‚ ’Ë¡ ©à¬ÊŒŸ

∑§⁄UŸÊ ∞fl¥ ∑§ÎÁ· ∑§Ë ¬Ê⁄U¥¬Á⁄U∑§ ¬hÁÃÿÊ¥,

◊ÈªË¸¬Ê‹Ÿ, «⁄UË √ÿfl‚Êÿ, ¬‡ÊÈ¬Ê‹Ÿ ÿÊ

◊œÈ◊ÄUπË ¬Ê‹ŸÊ Ÿ„Ë¥ •ÊÃÊ–

•¬ŸË ÿÊÁø∑§Ê ◊¥ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ

‚Á◊ÁÃ Ÿ •Ê⁄UÙ¬ ‹ªÊÿÊ „Ò Á∑§ ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl

ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑‘§ ªΔŸ ∑‘§ vÆ fl·¸

¬pÊÃ •ı⁄U ◊äÿ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊíÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ

’Ù«¸ ∑‘§ ªΔŸ ∑‘§ | fl·Ù¥¸ ∑‘§ ¬pÊÃ ÷Ë ßŸ

ŒÙŸÙ¥ Ÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ∑‘§ √ÿÊ¬ÊÁ⁄U∑§ ßSÃ◊Ê‹

•ı⁄U Ÿ „Ë ‹Ê÷ ◊¥ Á„S‚ŒÊ⁄UË ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ¡Òfl

ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ ∑§Ùß¸ ’ÊÃøËÃ

÷Ë ∑§Ë „Ò– ß‚‚ ÷Ë ’È⁄UË ’ÊÃ ÿ„ „Ò Á∑§

⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË Ÿ •÷Ë Ã∑§

‹Ê÷ ◊¥ Á„S‚ŒÊ⁄UË ∑§Ê ¬˝ÁÃ‡ÊÃ Ã∑§ Ãÿ Ÿ„Ë¥

Á∑§ÿÊ „Ò, Á¡‚‚ Á∑§ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ

•ÁœÁŸÿ◊ ∑§Ê ©Ñ¥ÉÊŸ „Ù ⁄U„Ê „Ò •ı⁄U ß‚ ¡Òfl

ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ ‚Á◊ÁÃÿÙ¥ ◊¥ •‚¥ÃÙ· »Ò§‹

⁄U„Ê „Ò– ©ã„Ù¥Ÿ •Ê⁄UÙ¬ ‹ªÊÿÊ „Ò Á∑§ ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê

∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÊ¥ πŸŸ ∑‘§ ¬Ífl¸ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝’¥œŸ

‚Á◊ÁÃÿÙ¥ ‚ •ŸÈ◊ÁÃ ÷Ë Ÿ„Ë¥ ‹ÃË, ¡Ù Á∑§

∑§ÊŸÍŸŸ •ÁŸflÊÿ¸ „Ò– •¬˝Ò‹ ◊¥ ◊äÿ¬˝Œ‡Ê

⁄UÊíÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ’Ù«¸ Ÿ, ⁄UÊ¡Sfl ∑§Ë

Á„S‚ŒÊ⁄UË Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑§Ù ‹∑§⁄U ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê

∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÙ¥ ∑§Ù ŸÙÁ≈U‚ ÁŒÿÊ ÕÊ, ‹Á∑§Ÿ

∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÙ¥ Ÿ ß‚ Ÿ∑§Ê⁄UÃ „È∞ ∑§„Ê Á∑§ ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê

∞∑§ πÁŸ¡ „Ò– ’Ù«¸ ∑‘§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê ∞∑§

¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸ „Ò–

◊ß¸ ◊¥ ŒÊÿ⁄U ÿÊÁø∑§Ê ∑‘§ ◊gŸ¡⁄U ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ª˝ËŸ

Á≈˛éÿÍŸ‹ Ÿ flS≈UŸ ∑§Ù‹ »§ËÀ«, ∑§Ù‹ ß¥Á«ÿÊ

Á‹., ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË, ∑‘§¥Œ˝Ëÿ

flŸ ∞fl¥ ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ ◊äÿ¬˝Œ‡Ê ⁄UÊíÿ

¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ’Ù«¸ ∑§Ù ŸÙÁ≈U‚ ¡Ê⁄UË ∑§⁄UÃ

„È∞ ©Ÿ‚ S¬CË∑§⁄UáÊ ◊Ê¥ªÊ „Ò Á∑§ ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê ¡Òfl

‚¥‚ÊœŸ „Ò ÿÊ πÁŸ¡– ◊.¬˝. ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ

’Ù«¸ ∑‘§ ‚ŒSÿ ‚Áøfl ⁄UÊ◊ªÙ¬Ê‹ ‚ÙŸË Ÿ ß‚

’ÊÃ ∑§Ë ¬ÈÁC ∑§Ë „Ò Á∑§ ©ã„¥ ŸÙÁ≈U‚ Á◊‹ ªÿÊ

„Ò, ‹Á∑§Ÿ Á∑§‚Ë •ı⁄U Á≈Uå¬áÊË ‚ ß¥∑§Ê⁄U

Á∑§ÿÊ– fl„Ë¥ ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ∞fl¥ flŸ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ ∑‘§

•Áœ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ∑§„ŸÊ „Ò Á∑§ ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl

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flªË¸∑§ÎÃ ∑§⁄U Á∑§ ∑§ıŸ ‚Ê ¬ŒÊÕ¸ ¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸ

„Ò, ‹Á∑§Ÿ fl„ ß‚◊¥ •‚»§‹ ⁄U„Ë „Ò– ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê,

πÁŸ¡ „Ò ÿÊ ¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸ ß‚ ’„‚ Ÿ

¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ∞fl¥ flŸ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ ∞fl¥ ⁄UÊC˛UËÿ ¡Òfl

ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§Ù¥ ∑§Ù πË¡ ◊¥

‹Ê ÁŒÿÊ „Ò– ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË

∑‘§ ∞∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄UË Ÿ •¬ŸÊ ŸÊ◊ ªÈ# ⁄UπŸ

∑§Ë ‡ÊÃ¸ ¬⁄U ’ÃÊÿÊ Á∑§ ß‚ ’„‚ Ÿ •Ÿ∑§

◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ ◊ÊÕ ¬⁄U Á‡Ê∑§Ÿ ‹Ê ŒË „Ò,

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’ÃÊÃÊ „Ò, fl„Ë¥ ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ∞fl¥ flŸ ◊¥òÊÊ‹ÿ

∞fl¥ ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ¡Òfl ÁflÁflœÃÊ ¬˝ÊÁœ∑§Ê⁄UË ∑§Ù •÷Ë

Ãÿ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Ò! ©Ÿ∑§Ê ÁŸáÊ¸ÿ ∑§Ê»§Ë ◊„àfl¬ÍáÊ¸

„ÙªÊ, ÄUÿÙ¥Á∑§ ß‚‚ Ÿ∞ ÁflflÊŒ π«∏ „Ù ‚∑§Ã

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∑§Ùÿ‹Ê πÁŸ¡ „Ò ÿÊ ¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸ!

∑§Ùÿ‹Ê- πÁŸ¡ ÿÊ ¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸ∑§Ùÿ‹Ê- πÁŸ¡ ÿÊ ¡Òfl ‚¥‚ÊœŸÁø⁄Êª üÊË◊Ê⁄

17 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

•⁄U’ Œ‡ÊÙ¥ ◊¥ •ÊœË •œÍ⁄UË ¡Ÿ∑˝§Ê¥ÁÃÿÙ¥

∑§Ê ¡Ù Œı⁄U Á¬¿‹ ÃËŸ fl·¸ ‚ ø‹ ⁄U„Ê „Ò,

fl„ ‚ûÊÊ ¬Á⁄UflÃ¸Ÿ ∑‘§ ‚ÒÁŸ∑§ „SÃˇÊ¬ ∑‘§

∑§Ê⁄UáÊ •¬ŸÊ ‹ˇÿ πÙ ⁄U„Ê ¬˝ÃËÃ „ÙÃÊ „Ò –

Á◊d ‚ ¬˝Ê⁄U¥÷ „È•Ê ‚ûÊÊ ¬Á⁄UflÃ¸Ÿ ∑§Ê

ÉÊ≈UŸÊR§◊ ©‚∑‘§ ¬«∏Ù‚Ë ‚÷Ë Œ·Ù¥ ∑§Ù

¬˝÷ÊÁflÃ ∑§⁄U ⁄U„Ê „Ò ‹Á∑§Ÿ ©‚∑§Ë Ã¡ÁSflÃÊ

∑§Ù ÃËŸ ¬„‹Í ¬˝÷ÊÁflÃ ∑§⁄U ⁄U„ „Ò¥– ¬„‹Ê ÿ„

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’Ê„⁄UË ‡ÊÁQ§ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê ¬⁄UÙˇÊ „SÃˇÊ¬ – ‚ËÁ⁄UÿÊ

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•Ê⁄UÙ¬ ‹ªÊ „Ò Á∑§ ©‚Ÿ ÁflŒ˝ÙÁ„ÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ Œ◊Ÿ

∑‘§ Á‹ÿ ⁄UÊ‚ÊÿÁŸ∑§ „ÁÕÿÊ⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ê ©¬ÿÙª

Á∑§ÿÊ, ÿ„ ‚„¡ •ŸÈ◊ÊŸ ‹ªÊÿÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ

„Ò Á∑§ ‚ËÁ⁄UÿÊ ◊¥ ø‹ ⁄U„Ë ‚ûÊÊ Áfl⁄UÙœË ‹„⁄U

∑‘§ ‚◊Õ¸Ÿ ÃÕÊ Œ◊Ÿ, ŒÙŸÙ¥ ∑‘§ ¬Ë¿ ’Ê„⁄UË

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19 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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¡’Á∑§ ∑§ÊÚ’¸≈U mÊ⁄UÊ Á‚¥øÊß¸ ªÍ‹ ∑§Ë √ÿflSÕÊ

∑§Ë ªÿË ÕË– flÃ¸◊ÊŸ ◊¥ ÿ„ ªÍ‹ ∑§ß¸ fl·Ù¥¸ ‚

’¥Œ ¬«∏Ë „Ò– ß‚ •Ù⁄U ÷Ë ≈UÊÿª⁄U Á⁄U¡fl¸

¬˝‡ÊÊ‚Ÿ ∑§Ùß¸ äÿÊŸ Ÿ„Ë Œ ⁄U„Ê „Ò– •Ê‹◊ ÿ„

„Ò Á∑§ ∑‘§ÁŸÿÊ ‚ ¡ªÃ Á‚¥„ ∑§Ù Á‹π ªÿ ¬òÊ

÷Ë ‚¥ª˝„Ê‹ÿ ‚ ÁflªÃ ŒÙ ◊Ê„ ‚ ªÊÿ’ „Ò–

•¬Ÿ ¡ËflŸ ◊¥ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ◊¥ ‹ª Á¡◊ ∑§ÊÚ’¸≈U

∑§Ë ÿÊŒÙ¥ ∑§Ù •Ê¡ πÈŒ ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ∑§Ë Œ⁄U∑§Ê⁄U

„Ò– Áfl÷Êª Ÿ ÿÁŒ ß‚ •Ù⁄U ‡ÊËÉÊ˝ Ã√fl¡Ù Ÿ„Ë¥

ŒË ÃÙ ÿ„ ‚¥ª˝„Ê‹ÿ ßÁÃ„Ê‚ ∑‘§ ¬ÛÊÙ ¬⁄U

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•¬ŸË ’Œ„Ê‹Ë ¬⁄U ⁄UÙ ⁄U„Ê Á¡◊ ∑§ÊÚ’¸≈U ‚¥ª˝„Ê‹ÿ

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21 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ÿ„ ÷ÍÁ◊ ’ÊÉÊÙ¥, „ÊÁÕÿÙ¥ •ı⁄U ¬ÁˇÊÿÙ¥

∑‘§ Á‹∞ ¡ÊŸË ¡ÊÃË¥ „Ò– ÿ„ ’ÊÃ ΔË∑§ ÷Ë „Ò,

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ÉÊŸàfl „Ò– ∞Á‡ÊÿÊß¸ „ÊÕË (v-x) ∑§Ê ‚’‚

•ë¿Ê Ÿ⁄U-◊ÊŒÊ •ŸÈ¬ÊÃ „Ò– •ı⁄U ¬ÁˇÊÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë

∑§⁄UË’ {wz ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÁflÁflœÃÊ ÷Ë ÿ„Ë¥

¬ÊÿË ¡ÊÃË „Ò–

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¬Ê∑§¸ ◊¥ ∑§Ë≈U ¬Ã¥ªÙ¥ ∑§Ë ÷Ë •¬ŸË ∞∑§

ÁŸ⁄UÊ‹Ë ŒÈÁŸÿÊ „Ò– flÒ‚ ÃÙ ßã„¥ ÿ„Ê° fl·¸÷⁄U

ŒπÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò ‹Á∑§Ÿ ßŸ ∑§Ë≈U ¬Ã¥ªÙ¥ ∑§Ë

ß‚ ŒÈÁŸÿÊ ∑‘§ ⁄U¥ª •ÄU‚⁄U ◊ÊŸ‚ÍŸ ∑‘§ Œı⁄UÊŸ

íÿÊŒÊ ŒπŸ ∑§Ù Á◊‹Ã „Ò¥–ß‚ Œı⁄UÊŸ ßŸ

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¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ° ÿ„Ê° ¬ÊÿË ¡ÊÃË „Ò¥– ∑§ÊÚ◊Ÿ ≈UÊß¸ª⁄U,

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„Ò– ß‚Á‹∞ •Ê¬∑§Ù ßã„¥ •¬Ÿ flÊ„Ÿ ‚ „Ë

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’Ëø ◊ÈÅÿ ⁄UÊC˛Ëÿ ⁄UÊ¡◊Êª¸ ‚¥ÅÿÊ vwv fl

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ŒπÊ ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò–

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flãÿ¡Ëfl ¬˝Á◊ÿÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ „Ë Œπ ¡ÊÃ ⁄U„ „Ò¥– fl

•ãÿ ‹ÙªÙ¥ mÊ⁄UÊ „◊Ê⁄U ªÎ„ ∑‘§ ßŸ πÍ’‚Í⁄UÃ

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∑§ß¸ ◊ÊÿŸÙ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝∑§ÎÁÃ mÊ⁄UÊ ¬˝Á⁄UÃ „Ò¥– ß‚

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‚’‚ ⁄U¥ªËŸ ¬˝ÊÁáÊÿÙ¥ ◊¥ ‚ ∞∑§ „Ò– •ı⁄U fl

„◊‡ÊÊ ‚ ªËÃ∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ •ı⁄U ∑§‹Ê∑§Ê⁄UÙ¥ ∑§Ù

•Ê∑§Á·¸Ã ∑§⁄UÃË •Êß¸ „Ò¥–

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moths •ı⁄U ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÊ° ÷Ë ‡ÊÊÁ◊‹ „Ò •ı⁄U

∑§⁄UË’ vzÆÆÆÆ ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ ‚ÊÕ

∑§Ë≈UÙ¥ ◊¥ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ ‚’‚ ’«∏Ê •Ê«¸⁄U „Ò–

ŒÈÁŸÿÊ ◊¥ ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë

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¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ° „Ò¥– •ı⁄U

÷Ê⁄UÃËÿ ©¬◊„ÊmË¬ ◊¥ ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë

∑§⁄UË’ vzÆÆ ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ° Œ¡¸ „Ò¥–

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„Ò– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ‡ÊıÁ∑§ÿÊ ¬˝∑§ÎÁÃ ¬˝◊Ë ÷Ë ßŸ∑§Ê

•Ê‚ÊŸË ‚ •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥– ’‚

¡M§⁄UÃ „Ò ÃÙ ∑§È¿ ’ÈÁŸÿÊŒË ’ÊÃ ¡Ò‚ ∞∑§

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∑§Ë– ‚ÊÕ „Ë ¡M§⁄UÃ „ÙÃË „Ò œÒÿ¸ ’ŸÊÿ ⁄UπŸ

∑§Ë– •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄UŸ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë

¬„øÊŸ •ı⁄U ©Ÿ∑‘§ éÿfl„Ê⁄U ∑§Ê ¬Ê‹Ÿ ∑§⁄UŸ

∑§Ë „Ò– äÿÊŸ ŒŸ ÿÙÇÿ ◊ÈÅÿ ’ÊÃ¥ ©Ÿ∑‘§

éÿfl„Ê⁄U, •ÊŒÃ, ‚Ë◊Ê, ‚ê÷Ùª ∑‘§ éÿfl„Ê⁄U

•ı⁄U ©Ÿ∑‘§ ¡ËflŸ •ÊÁŒ ∑§È¿ øË¡ „Ò¥ ¡Ù ’„ÈÃ

∑§Ê◊ ∑§Ë „Ù ‚∑§ÃË „Ò¥–

∞∑§ ÁÃÃ‹Ë ∑‘§ ¡ËflŸ ø∑˝§ ◊¥ øÊ⁄U ø⁄UáÊ „Ò¥–

•¥«Ê, ‹ÊflÊ¸, ∑§Ù∑§ÍŸ (∑§Ù·SÕ ∑§Ë≈U )•ı⁄U ¬˝ı…∏

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¬Á⁄UflÃ¸Ÿ ∑§Ù ¬Í⁄UÊ ∑§ÊÿÊ¬‹≈U ∑§„Ê ¡Ê ‚∑§ÃÊ

„Ò– ∞∑§ ÁÃÃ‹Ë ∑§Ê •ı‚Ã ¡ËflŸ vz-wÆ

ÁŒŸ ∑§Ê „ÙÃÊ „Ò– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ∑§È¿ ¬˝¡ÊÁÃÿÊ° {

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„Ò– ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÊ° •Ê◊Ãı⁄U ¬⁄U ÁŒŸ ∑‘§ ‚◊ÿ

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ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ ∞¥≈UËŸÊ ◊¥ ’Ê‹ Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÙÃ ¡’Á∑§

¬Ã¥ªÙ¥ ◊¥ ’Ê‹ ¬Ê∞ ¡ÊÃ „Ò¥– ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ê

•äÿÿŸ »§Ù≈UÙª˝Ê»§ ‹∑§⁄U ÷Ë Á∑§ÿÊ ¡Ê

‚∑§ÃÊ „Ò– ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑§Ë »§Ù≈UÙª˝Ê»§Ë ∑§⁄UŸÊ

’„ÈÃ ◊ÈÁ‡∑§‹ ∑§Ê◊ „Ò– fl •¬ŸË ∑§ê¬Ê©ã«

•Ê°πÙ¥ ‚ •Ê¬∑§Ù •Ê‚ÊŸË ‚ Œπ ‹ÃË „Ò¥,

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’„ÈÃ œÒÿ¸ ∑§Ë •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ÃÊ „ÙÃË „Ò– •ı⁄U

‚È’„ ∑‘§ ‚◊ÿ ßŸ∑‘§ •ë¿ ‡ÊÊÚ≈U Á◊‹ ‚∑§Ã

„Ò¥– ÁÃÃÁ‹ÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ŸÊ‹Ê, »§Í‹ ∑‘§ ¬ıœ ÿÊ

’ÊªËøÊ ©¬ÿÈQ§ SÕ‹ „Ò–

ßŸ ∑§Ë≈UÙ¥ ∑§Ê ‚¥⁄UˇÊáÊ ¬ÊÁ⁄UÁSÕÁÃ∑§Ë ∑§Ë ŒÎÁC

‚ ’„ÈÃ ◊„àfl¬ÍáÊ¸ „Ò– ∞∑§ •Ù⁄U fl ¬ÁˇÊÿÙ¥ ∑‘§

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¬˝ÿÊª Ÿ º‡Ê ∑§Ë ŸÁºÿÊ¢ ∑§Ê ¡Ê ÁflŸÊ‡Ê ∑§Ë

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‚èÿÃÊ ∑§Ù øÍ‹¥ Á„‹Ê∑§⁄U ⁄Uπ ŒË „Ò¥– Á¬¿‹

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’ÄU≈UËÁ⁄UÿÊ⁄UÙœË ‚Ê’ÈŸ, ∑§Ë≈UŸÊ‡Ê∑§ ÷Ù¡Ÿ ∑§Ù

Ÿ ‚«∏Ÿ ŒŸ flÊ‹ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ∞ Ÿ∑§‹Ë πÈ‡Ê’Í

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wÆÆ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑‘§ ⁄U‚ÊÿŸ

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23 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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ßÃŸ •‹ª „Ò¥ Á∑§ ∞‚Ê ¬˝ÃËÃ „ÙÃÊ „Ò

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÷⁄U ◊¥ ¬˝ÁÃfl·¸ yÆ ∑§⁄UÙ«∏ ≈UŸ

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24 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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∑§¥¬ÁŸÿÙ¥ ∑‘§ Œ#⁄U •ı⁄U Á’¡Ÿ‚ ‚¥≈U⁄U „Ò¥– „◊

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Œ’Êfl ˇÊòÊ ÿÊŸË ŸËøÊ ˇÊòÊ ◊¥ •ÊÃÊ „Ò, ¡„Ê¥

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πŸŸ ∑§Ë fl¡„ ‚ ’Ê…∏ ∑‘§ ‚◊ÿ ◊¥ Ã¡ ’„Êfl

∑‘§ ø‹Ã ŸŒË •¬ŸÊ ⁄UÊSÃÊ ’Œ‹ ‚∑§ÃË „Ò–

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÷ÿÊŸ∑§ Ã’Ê„Ë „Ù ‚∑§ÃË „Ò–

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⁄◊‡Ê Á◊üÊ ø¢ø‹

25 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

ŸÙ∞«∏Ê •ı⁄U ª˝≈U⁄U ŸÙ∞«∏Ê

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’Ê∞¥ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄U ¬⁄U ’‚Ê „Ò •ı⁄U

’Ê‹Í ∑‘§ •flÒœ πŸŸ ∑§Ê

∑§Ê◊ ÷Ë ß‚Ë Á∑§ŸÊ⁄U ‚ „Ù

⁄U„Ê „Ò– ¡ÊÁ„⁄U „Ò ’Ê…∏ ∑‘§

‚◊ÿ ¬ÊŸË ∑§Ê ’„Êfl πŸŸ

flÊ‹ ß‹Ê∑‘§ ◊¥ „Ë ◊È«∏ªÊ

„ÙªÊ– ŸÙ∞«∏Ê •ı⁄U ª˝≈U⁄U

ŸÙ∞«∏Ê ∞‚ ‡Ê„⁄U „Ò¥ ¡Ù

ÿ◊ÈŸÊ ŸŒË ∑‘§ ’Ê∞¥ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄U

(‹çU≈U ’Ò¥∑§) ¬⁄U ’‚ „Ò¥–

ÿ◊ÈŸÊ ŸŒË ∑§Ë ÷ıªÙÁ‹∑§

‚¥⁄UøŸÊ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U „Ò Á∑§

©‚∑§Ê ’ÊÿÊ¥ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄UÊ ©‚∑‘§

ŒÊ∞¥ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄U (⁄UÊß≈U ’Ò¥∑§) ‚

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‚ ’øŸ ∑‘§ Á‹∞ ÁŒÑË, ◊ÕÈ⁄UÊ fl •Êª⁄UÊ ¡Ò‚

¬È⁄UÊŸ ‡Ê„⁄U ÿ◊ÈŸÊ ŸŒË ∑‘§ ŒÊ∞¥ Á∑§ŸÊ⁄U ¬⁄U

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πŸŸ ø‹ÃÊ ⁄U„Ê ÃÙ ÿ„ SflÊ÷ÊÁfl∑§ „Ò Á∑§

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πŸŸ ∑§Ë fl¡„ ‚ ŸŒË ∑‘§ Áπ‚∑§ ¡ÊŸ ‚

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πŸŸ ∑‘§ ∑§Ê⁄UÙ’Ê⁄U ∑§Ë ∑§⁄U¥ ÃÙ ÿ„ ∑§Ê⁄UÙ’Ê⁄U

•⁄U’Ù¥ ∑§Ê „Ò– Á¡‹ ◊¥ ¿„ SÕ‹ ∞‚ „Ò¥ ¡„Ê¥

‚ ’«∏ ¬Ò◊ÊŸ ¬⁄U •flÒœ M§¬ ‚ ’Ê‹Í ∑§Ê πŸŸ

Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ÿ „Ò¥ ∑§¥«Êfl‹Ë, ªÈ‹Êfl≈UË,

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∑§⁄UË’ zÆÆ ≈˛ÒÄU≈U⁄U •ı⁄U zÆ ‚ íÿÊŒÊ

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‚¥∑‘§Ã „Ò¥– •ª⁄U Ã’Ê„Ë ∑‘§ ‚¥∑‘§Ã ∑§Ù „◊Ÿ

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∑§⁄U ⁄U„Ë „Ò¥–

26 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

¬˝∑§ÎÁÃ ∑‘§ ¬Ê°ø Ãàfl ¡‹, •ÁÇŸ, flÊÿÈ,

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ÁflŸÊ‡Ê∑§Ê⁄UË „Ò – ¬ÿÊ¸fl⁄UáÊ ŒÙ ‡ÊéŒÙ¥ ¬Á⁄U •ı⁄U

•Êfl⁄UáÊ ‚ ’ŸÊ „Ò

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27 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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28 ¡È‹Êß¸ - Á‚Ã¢’⁄ 2013

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JULY-SEPTEMBER 201330

Sea turtles have sur-vived for 66 million yearsbut are dying more inci-dental deaths now thanksto mechanized fishing.Community-based conser-vation programmes arethe answer to preservingthe species. Sea turtles, aglobally endangeredspecies, have been aroundsince even before dinosaursroamed the earth. They sur-vived both the frigid and thescorching climatic extremes64 to 66 million years ago thatcaused the extinction ofaround seventy per cent of allplants and animals includingdinosaurs. Their body designcould withstand these eventsand their form has remainedmore or less the same. Theyare one of the earth’s oldestgroup of animals today.Indian coastal waters arehome to five of the sevenspecies of sea turtles - theHawksbill (Eretmochelysimbricata), Green (Cheloniamydas), Loggerhead (Carettacaretta), Leatherback(Dermochelys coriacea) andOlive Ridley (Lepidochelys oli-vacea).Sea turtles in general and theOlive Ridley in particular havefascinated biologists since the1970s. It is most commonlyfound on the mainland coastsof India while the other typesare found mostly around theAndaman and Nicobar Islands.

The other mass nesting site ofthis species is in PacificCentral America. The term‘arribada’ was first coined inMexico to describe the pecu-liar mass-mating phenome-non of these turtles. The tur-tles travel thousands of kilo-meters to these breedinggrounds where they mate andnest simultaneously creatingextraordinary visual imagery.After mating off-shore, thefemales arrive at the beachwhere they dig holes in thesand to lay eggs. When theirhatchlings emerge, they driftoff with the tidal waves andmigrate to their feedinggrounds several thousandkilometers away. More than ahundred thousand OliveRidley turtles visit the sandybeaches of Orissa for massnesting every year betweenDecember and April. The 480km coast of Orissa has threerookeries, which are coloniesof breeding turtles –Gahirmatha (near the mouthof Brahmani and Baitarnirivers), Devi (100 km down-stream of Gahirmatha) and

Rushikuliya (320 km down-stream of Gahirmatha).H o w e v e r , s e v e r a laccounts reveal that theOlive Ridley that common-ly nests along the easterncoast of India is in dangerof becoming extinct.

Threat to turtlesBeach erosion and cyclonicstorms have reduced thesize of the Gahirmathabeach considerably. This

has caused problems in massnesting. The turtles have alsobeen subject to mass mortali-ty because of the introductionof mechanized fishing. Theyare faced with threats notonly in the coast but in thecoastal waters also.Casualties take place whenthese turtles get caught intrawl-fishing nets as inciden-tal catch. The commercialvalue of their high-proteineggs as well as their meatcame to the fore only duringthe 1970s. Local consumptionof sea turtle eggs or meat isnegligible but fishermen fromKolkata catch these turtles asthis meat is relished in WestBengal. It is estimated thatfifty thousand turtles aretaken every year to Kolkata.The illumination along thecoastline, the establishmentof a missile test range, theconstruction of the Dhamraport near Gahirmatha and thesetting up of chemical indus-tries near Rushikulya havecreated a lot of disturbancefor the Olive Ridley sea tur-tles.

OOlliivvee RRiiddlleeyy ttuurrttlleess nneeaarreexxttiinnccttiioonn iinn OOrriissssaa

Pankaj chaphekar


The threat to thepopulation of seaturtles has led to aspate of research inthe last three to fourdecades. Thisincludes geneticstudies, monitoringof their nestingbeaches, quantifyingthe incidental cap-ture and so on.Tagging studies, totrack the route takenby turtles are underway inOrissa. Usually these are doneusing external flipper tags orpassive integrated transpon-ders or microchips fitted intotheir shoulder muscles. Thesestudies suggest the mortalityof thousands of Olive Ridleysea turtles in Orissa everyyear. Data collected by sever-al biologists over the last fortyyears indicates a reasonablyreliable trend in the popula-tion of Olive Ridley sea turtles– decrease in the seventies,increase in the eighties, fol-lowed by a decline beyond thenineties, which coincided withthe high incidental catchunder mechanized fishing. Conservationists versus

anthropocentristsMany a time, basic biologicalaspects like nesting density ina particular beach are notconsidered while taking upconservation activities. Muchof the conflict among the var-ious groups dealing with seaturtles such as conservation-ists and port developers isessentially caused by differ-ences in their philosophies.Animal rights activists andconservationists have a bio-centric approach, where theyuphold that nature has aninherent right to exist.Anthropocentrism on the con-

trary, stresses more on theutilitarian aspects and statesthat human beings are themost significant species onthe planet. The answer liessomewhere in between in astate of “weak anthropocen-trism” according to many.Legal framework for pro-

tecting sea turtles· These species are legallyprotected under Schedule I ofIndian Wildlife Protection Act(1972).· Trade in turtle products isprohibited under Appendix I ofConvention of InternationalTrade in Endangered Speciesof Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES) and India is a signato-ry country.The nesting beach atGahirmatha has been givenprotected area status and is apart of the BhitarkanikaWildlife Sanctuary.Furthermore, the coastalwaters off this coast weredeclared a marine sanctuaryin the late nineties, followingwhich all mechanised fishingwas prohibited within 20 kmof Gahirmatha coast. As far asthe other two rookeries (Deviand Rushikulya) in Orissa areconcerned, their coastalwaters within 20 km are con-sidered a no-fishing zone dur-ing the sea turtle nesting sea-

son from January toMay every year.· The OrissaMarine FishingRegulation Act(1982) and Rules(1983) bars mecha-nised fishing within 5km of the Orissacoastline, evenwhere rookeries donot exist. The StateForest Department,the State Fisheries

Department and the CoastGuard, which are the enforc-ing agencies, do not haveenough sea-going vessels andmanpower to enforce thesebans.The Dhamra Port, in Bhadrakdistrict of Orissa, set up as ajoint venture between Larsenand Toubro and Tata Steel hasbeen operational sinceFebruary 2010 with an annualcapacity of 80 million tones.International organizationslike Greenpeace, WildlifeFund (WWF) andInternational Union forConservation of Nature (IUCN)have opposed this on thegrounds that it will damagethe Bhitarkanika mangrovesand threaten the Gahirmathamarine sanctuary, just southof the port where the OliveRidley turtles nest every year.Conservation is not reallyabout preservation of speciesand their habitats but aboutintegrating human beings intoecosystems. Species can bepreserved through enforce-ment but long term conserva-tion is linked to a single,uncompromisable goal - theimprovement of human wel-fare. The answer lies in com-munity-based conservation,where the desire to conservecomes from within.


Korba, Chhattisgarh ranks5th in the ‘critically pollutedarea’ category according tothe Central Pollution ControlBoard. ‘Fly-ash’ refers to fineparticles of ash sent up by theburning of solid fuel-like coal.Typically, this is the residue ofash generated by thermalpower companies. Due to itstoxic nature, the governmenthas mandated that fly-ashmust be dumped in ashponds, which are speciallymade on vacant lands.However, this mandate is notstrictly observed and casualdumping has resulted in thepoisoning of air, water andland in areas close to thepower plants. This has alsohad a negative impact on thehealth of people living inthose areas. Korba, located inthe northern half ofChhattisgarh, is one suchaffected area. According to astudy conducted by theCentral Pollution ControlBoard in 2009, Korba ranksfifth in the ‘critically pollutedarea’ category among 88industrial clusters.Ankleshwar in Gujarat ranksfirst followed by Gaziabad inUttar Pradesh and Vapi inGujarat. Many coal-basedthermal power plants like theNational Thermal Power

Corporation and ChhattisgarhState Electricity Board amongothers are located in Korbamaking it a power hub ofChhattisgarh. Unfortunately,it has also become a pollutionhub. More than 1 lakh metrictonnes of fly-ash is generatedannually by the eight thermalpower plants in Korba, whichproduce 6090 megawatts ofelectricity. The current aver-age fly-ash utililisation by theeight thermal power compa-nies put together is less than

50%. To mitigate the pollutionin the area, the ChhattisgarhEnvironment ConservationBoard created an action plantitled ‘Development ofC o m p r e h e n s i v eEnvironmental PollutionAbatement Action Plan forCritically Polluted Areas’. Inthis, it mandated that all thethermal power companies inChhattisgarh have to imple-ment a plan to use 100% ofthe fly-ash that they gener-ate. That was in 2011.

WWhhyy aarreenn''tt tthheerrmmaall ffoolllloowwiinngg ppoolllluuttiioonn cc

Kiran K.


Two years past the deadline,none of the plants have imple-mented this plan even thoughit isn’t that difficult to reusefly-ash. Fly-ash can be used tomake bricks, tiles andcement. It can be usedinstead of sand to reclaimlow-lying areas. Roads andembankments can be builtwith it and mines can be filledwith it. Inspite of knowing allthis, the companies are yet tomake a conscious effort toplan its reuse. For the last two

decades, no visible action hasbeen taken by the state gov-ernment to mitigate the prob-lem of fly-ash disposal in thedistrict. All thermal powercompanies in the area wereasked to adopt HighConcentrated Slurry DisposalSystem (HCSD), a controlledand monitored fly-ash feedingsystem to help with its safedisposal.Another method tostave off pollution was by thebuilding of fly-ash storagetanks. Two tanks have been

built but there are no roads toreach the tanks, so they arenot operational and are of nouse at all. The end result ofthis is that the fly-ash gener-ated has affected the water inthe Hasdeo river in addition topolluting the environmentoverall. The water of theHasdeo is only fit for bathingnow and the Central PollutionControl Board declared Korbaa ‘critically polluted zone’.Local news dailies havereported several incidentsrelated to health problemssuch as various skin diseaseslike rashes and itching andsome respiratory diseases likechronic bronchitis, chest dis-comfort, asthma attacks andeven cancer. The state gov-ernment has ignored thesehealth and environmentalproblems for more than 20years. Instead, they continueto open new avenues for pub-lic sector companies byexpanding coal mines in thearea. These new projects willfurther displace people fromother villages includingRaliya, Bhalanpat andHardibazar, and will alsoaffect the environment by pol-luting the air with smoke fromheavy traffic in the area.Unless the mandates set bythe ministry are followed,Korba will continue to suffo-cate under the pollutioncaused by the fly-ash.

ll ppoowweerr ccoommppaanniieess ccoonnttrrooll mmaannddaatteess??


Poor sanitation, poor wastemanagement systems andpoor urban planning are thereal causes of dengue. Findout what we can do to preventthis disease.The monsoons this year havebeen in the news for manyreasons, but flooding and thedengue epidemic in Indiahave been the main ones.India accounts for almost athird of the world’s cases ofdengue and this numberhas been rising rapidly.The number of denguecases have gone up by 80%as of July 2013 compared tothe same time last year.Kerala has reported the high-est number of cases followedby Karnataka, Tamil Nadu andMaharashtra as of July 2013.Within Kerala,Thiruvananthapuram districtand the capital city ofThiruvanathapuram havereported the highest numberof cases. Private hospitals inthe city have been overflow-ing with people reportingfever.

Causes of dengue* Poor urban planningAlthough the broad reason forthe increase in dengue hasbeen attributed to climatechange, developing countriessuch as India have are morevulnerable because of poorurban planning . Poor storagefacilities for water, lack ofproper garbage disposal

mechanisms, lack of propersanitation and open guttersand drains have led to unhy-gienic surroundings that pro-vide an ideal breedinggrounds for mosquitoes.* Garbage accumulationThe garbage crisis inThiruvnathapuram cityAccumulation of garbage inIndian cities has increasedmassively due to rapid urban-isation. More people aremigrating from villages tocities but the cities, in turn,

aren't being planned to

accommo-date this rise in population. Anumber of cities includingBangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai,Srinagar and Kanpur areaffected by this problem andhave reported a rise in theincidence of diseases such asmalaria, rabies, dengue andother unidentified types offever.The high number of denguecases in Thiruvananthapuramhave been attributed to theincreasing garbage crisis inthe city. Plastic waste coupled

with water-logging and ineffi-cient drainage systems haveled to an increase in mosqui-toes in the city .* Poor sanitation practicesOpen defecation, when cou-pled with poor drainage sys-tems, leads to flooding andmixing of sewage with accu-mulated water during themonsoons. This polluted stag-nant and completely filthywater is a perfect breedingground for mosquitoes.

How can we preventdengue?

Since dengue spreads throughmosquito bites, making surethat people aren't exposed tomosquitoes is key. The follow-ing steps can be taken to min-imise exposure to mosqui-toes:1. Do not keep open watercontainers outside the houseor in balconies or gardenswhere rainwater can collect.2. Do not accumulate trashoutside the house.3. Cover all water sourcessuch as water pots, bucketsor overhead water tanks.4. Ensure that water emittedfrom air conditioners does notcollect outside and form stag-nant puddles.5. Do not keep plants indoorsduring the rainy season asthey attract mosquitoes.6. Wear clothes that cover thecalves ankles and feet sincemosquitoes generally bitebelow the knee.7. Use mosquito-repellantcreams and lotions onexposed skin.

DDeenngguuee –– tthhee rreessuulltt ooff ppoooorrwwaassttee mmaannaaggeemmeenntt…………

Ritvik Kumar


While these steps can betaken individually, dealingwith the problem on a largerscale isn't that simple. Effortsneed to be directed at two lev-els - the level of governanceand the community level.The traditional attitude of outof sight, out of mind exhibitedin throwing domestic garbageon public streets to be collect-ed, sorted, and disposed offby municipal authorities is nolonger workable. Sortinggarbage at the source inevery house, restaurant,shop, office, etc is unavoid-able if we are not to getcrushed under the weight ofgarbage mountains in thecities and fall a prey to dis-eases.Recognizing these as issues,many initiatives have beenstarted in different cities. InPune, waste pickers haveformed cooperatives thath a v e

e s t a b -l i s h e ds y s -t e m sf o r

recyclingwaste. In

Thiruvanathapuram, effortsare being made to penaliseinstitutions that dump wasteopenly and sub-sidies areb e i n gprovid-ed ford e c e n -

t r a l i s e d

wasteman-a g e -m e n t .Bangalore has begun separat-ing its waste at source whiledoor to door waste collectionis being done in Kolkata. Manycities have taken steps to bancertain kinds of plastics .However, for these efforts to

succeed, close coop-eration between allthe sectors involved

is necessary. Better gover-nance systems from the cor-poration or municipality boardare necessary. These systemsmust address problems ofunderstaffing and lack of ade-quately trained staff as well

as the introduction ofbetter methods andtechnologies for

waste management at locallevels. Waste managementsystems could also involvethe local and informal wastecollection networks tostrengthen the existing sys-tems. Sanitation issues can't only

focus on toilet building,but must also take into

account other aspects

such as avail-ability ofwater anduser per-s p e c -t i v e s

and con-ven ience

for peoplewho use the toilets.

Besides it must alsoaddress prob-

lems relatedto proper main-

tenance of toilets.Evidence indicates

that many a time, it isthe lack of proper governanceand management that leads

to poor maintenance ofpublic toilets in citiesthat forces people to

defecate out in the open. The same is true of the publichealth systems that deal withepidemics. It needs to devel-op better strategies that aimat prevention, spreadingawareness, early detectionand better clinical manage-ment to prevent deaths in thefuture .Epidemics such as dengue arenot inevitable due to climatechange, nor are there anymagic bullets to providequick-fix solutions to the prob-lem. Other things are neces-sary to deal with the epidemicin the long run such as:> efficient waste manage-ment systems> mechanisms to deal withthe sanitation problems incities> better urban planning> better functioning and well-equipped public health sys-tems> focus on prevention and> more community responsi-bility and involvement.


An innovative idea by afarmer in Chennimalai, TamilNadu lets farmers create theirown liquid manure out of thecow dung and urine availablein their own farms. Alagesan with the barrel usedto ferment cow dung Nitrogen and phosphorus areessential for plant growth –that is common knowledge forfarmers. Cow dung containsnitrogen – that is also com-mon knowledge for farmers.Then why is it that manyfarmers look for costly solu-tions rather than use theabundant cow dung they havein their farms as manure?Luckily, one farmer did thinkof this. Four years ago, with alittle documentation help fromthe Krishi Vigyan Kendra inGobichettipalayam, Erode dis-trict (Tamil Nadu), India’sfarming fraternity recognizedfarmer G. R. Sakthivel’sefforts in successfully usingcattle refuse to create liquidmanure to feed his crops.This feat is by no means ordi-nary and did not happenovernight. A staunch advo-cate of the organic move-ment, Sakthivel had alwayswanted to utilise resourcesaround him efficiently and hewasn’t going to leave out cat-tle refuse, which was thereaplenty in all farms.After years of careful observa-tion and planning, he came upwith a plan to recycle cow

dung and urine from his farm.He designed a 4-compartmentunit for this purpose. First, thefloor of the cattle shed wassloped to direct the urine intoa channel. This urine drainedinto a collection tank. Nextthe dung was removed manu-ally from the floor. The collect-ed dung-urine mixture wasallowed to settle and filterstage by stage inside a com-partment. The process result-ed in a nutrient-rich filtrate.He diluted this filtrate andused it to directly irrigate hissugarcane fields using driplines. The dung residue wasnot wasted either. It wasdirected into the bio-gas pro-ducing facility, which convert-ed the waste into methanegas to fuel the family kitchen.4-tank system used to fer-ment and filter cow dungmanureThough this set up drew theattention of several farmersacross the country, not manyembraced it as it was expen-sive; the 4-tank collection andsettling masonry structurecost a minimum of Rs. 40,000including materials andlabour. Farmers with smallholdings couldn't justify thisexpense, as much as the endresult seemed worthwhile.Alagesan, a farmer in Myladiin Chennimalai decided toexperiment with Sakthivel’smodel. He wanted to create asimpler and more cost effec-tive liquid manure plant sothat more farmers could ben-efit from the readily available

manure on their own farms.He did away with the dungcollection and settling tankssince that was the majorexpense. Instead, he came upwith a single containermanure factory. No cementstructures, no labour charges,no building costs. All he usedwas a huge plastic barrel.Cowdung and urine is dumped in ittogether and allowed to settlefor 24 hours. For every kilo ofcow dung, 5 litres of cow urineis added. A little jaggery isthen added to this mixture tohelp ferment it and voila! At afraction of the cost, the sameliquid manure is ready! Thisentire set up costs just Rs.800 – 1000. The barrel set uphas two advantages. The firstand most obvious is theaffordability. The second andequally important advantageis portability. Unlike theimmovable masonry struc-ture, the barrel can be movedaccording to the farmer’srequirement to any part of thefield. Maintenance is muchsimpler as well as cleaningdoesn’t take much time oreffort. Both these men are stillworking towards simplifyingthe process further so thatthese manure churners can beplaced in as many farms aspossible. While many farmersin and around Erode have setup these manure factories, itwill still be some time beforethese portable manure facto-ries become as common as aplough or a sickle, which isfound in every farm.

AAnn oorrggaanniicc mmaannuurree ffaaccttoorryyffoorr RRss.. 880000 oonnllyy

Kamal Tiwari


With the tiny drop in oceantemperature a few years ago,there was some respite beforethe great masses of waterbelow start to gain tempera-ture. Now the hit on the landis to come. While Australiaand North America had largeincreases in surface tempera-tures and drought in 2007 and2012 respectively, this year'sTexan heat is a sign that itain't going to go away. Thispaper extracts meaning fromthe data that implies actualsuper-heating episodes on 3%of the land surface!In ten years, we have seenextreme heatwaves damag-ing socialorder ande c o s y s -tems. Thewhole ofEurope in2 0 0 3 ,Greece in2 0 0 7 ,Australia in2009, Russia in 2010 andNorth America in 2012, 2011and it seems right now. Theauthors quote the lengthyevents (several weeks) as 3standard deviations warmerthan the normal climate. Theglobal warming of the last 50years is causing these events,according to many modellingexperiments. With the 1960shaving a mere 1% of suchevents, 10% is now the normin many years. Records of

temperature heights are bro-ken on a monthly basis, indi-cating an extreme "forcing" ofthe temperatures upward.The methods of this study byenvironmentalist they ran 25simulations, looking at thelocal standard deviation fromclimatic norms. The monthlymean surface temperaturesfor the 20th century over 30years or more were worked toproduce the year-to-year vari-ability. Then the monthly fig-ures for the last 60 yearscould be extracted.1951-1980 was a relativelystable global temperatureperiod with which the later fig-

u r e s

cou ldbe com-

pared. The last 12years proved to exceed the

climatologists extreme levelknown as 3-sigma in the trop-ics, Western Europe, theMediterranean and the MiddleEast. These make up 5% ofthe land surface. Upwardtrends however wereobserved at 1-sigma (40%)and 2-sigma (15%)in similarareas. The climate modelsshowed similar effects in theirresults.High emission scenarios in themodel, 2100 sees 3-sigma

levels of extreme warmingover 85% of the earth. Thesepredictions put summermonths in central Asia, the USand all the pre-mentioned 3-sigma areas as having 70% 3-sigma events and above.While the tropics have actual-ly warmed up more than theareas that have receivedmore publicity, as they havelittle natural variability, yearto year. The Mediterranean isstrongly affected in realityand in models of future heat-ing. Strangely the models areunable to show the past heatwaves accurately, possiblybecause the area is dryingout, in a long-term trend with-in the region. The tropics

themselves will havefrequent extreme

5-sigma eventsbut our

a t t e m p t sat mitiga-tion will beable to

reduce thisrisk it seems. While

massive forest fires and manyheat-related deaths (ie.infants and the elderly) andlosses of harvests will occur,the specific regions can beidentified. Of course, interna-tional action and internationalagreement are politicaldevices for some people. Thedanger is that some regionswill be neglected unless wepromote mitigation at a muchgreater level and people areforced to realise exactly whattheir actions are creating,politically or individually.

EExxttrreemmee ccaarrbboonn eemmiissssiioonnmmaayy ccaauussee gglloobbaall wwaarrmmiinngg

Ravi Bhatia


WW o r l dHepatitisD a ywas

first

launched in2008 by the World HepatitisAlliance. Since then it hasreceived support from govern-ments around the world aswell as high profile Non-gov-ernmental Organisations suchas Medicins Sans Frontieres.In May 2010 the World HealthAssembly formally recognised28thJuly as World HepatitisDay.But what is hepatitis?The Greek word hepat means'liver' and the Latin word itismeans 'inflammation' - thuswe get hepatitis or inflamma-tion of the liver.The liver is the largest glandin the human body, as well asbeing its largest internal

organ. It weighs about 3 lb or1.36 kg and is made up of

t h o u -sandso fl o b -

u les ,which each

consist ofmany hepaticcells.Hepatitis virus-

es A, B, C, Dand E can cause acute andchronic infection and inflam-mation of the liver, leading tocirrhosis and liver cancer.Most damage to the liver iscaused by three hepatitisviruses, types A, B and C.Other causes of damageinclude excessive alcohol con-sumption.According to the World HealthOrganisation, around 240 mil-lion people are chronicallyinfected with hepatitis B andaround 150 million people arechronically infected withhepatitis C. Other authoritiesput these figures rather high-er, with one estimating thataround 350 million suffer fromhepatitis B, while further 300million are carriers of hepatitis

C.Whatever the true figure,around 500 million peopleworldwide are suffering fromone form of hepatitis or anoth-er and it is said that around a

million of them die eachyear. The Study of

the Liver saysthat one in 12of the world'spopulation suf-

fer from eitherchronic hepatitis B

or C. This is far morethan HIV or any cancer.

BASL finds it inexplicablethat awareness of hepatitis

is so low that the majority ofthose infected are completelyunaware of the fact.

WWWWoooorrrr lllldddd HHHHeeeeppppaaaatttt iiii tttt iiiissss shiv kumar aiyyar

The liver is a vitalorgan and has a wide

range of functions. These include:

A. the filtering of harmfulsubstances such as alcoholfrom the blood;B. acting as a store-place forvitamins A, D, K and B12, aswell as storing minerals;C. through a process of pro-tein synthesis it makes thebuilding blocks of proteins;D. it produces biochemicalssuch us bile that are neededfor digestion;E. it maintains proper levelsof glucose in the blood;F. it produces 80% of thebody's vital cholesterol;G. it stores glycogen;H. it decomposes red bloodcells;I. it produces hormones;J. it produces urea, the main

substance of urine.


Hepatitis B is often sexuallytransmitted. It is spread bycontact with infected blood,semen or other bodily fluid.Unprotected sexual inter-course with an infected per-son; having skin perforatedwith unsterilised needles,such as when getting a tattoo;or even sharing a toothbrushor razor with an infected per-son; are all common causes ofspreading. An infected mothercan also pass the infection toher baby through her milk.With hepatitis B the liver willswell and serious damage canresult leading to cancer. Forsome patients hepatitis B canbe a lifelong illness.Hepatitis C is usuallyspread throughdirect contactwith theblood ofa ninfect-e dper -

s o n .

Again,

the

liverc a ns w e l la n db e c o m edamaged, butliver cancer isonly a cancer risk if

the patient has cirrho-sis and only 20% ofpatients developthis.The ultimate goal oforganisations suchas the WorldHepatitis Alliance isthat with theinvolvement ofworld governments,through betterawareness, preven-tion, care, supportand access to treat-ment, hepatitis canbe eradicated fromthe planet.To highlight the factthat the world prob-

lem of

hepatitisis generally

being ignored, as part of the2012 celebrations for WorldHepatitis Day, an attempt isto be made to break theworld record for the number

of people performing the tra-ditional proverb of thethree wise monkeys; see no

evil, hear no evil, speak noevil.

Although hepatitis causesmisery to millions of people

worldwide and although it islargely treatable and pre-ventable, numbers show littlesigns of reducing. Hopefullythe publicity surrounding theGuinness World Recordsattempt will go some way todraw worldwide attention tothis.

DDDDaaaayyyy -- 22228888tttthhhh JJJJuuuullllyyyyWorld Hepatitis Day sets

out to raise awareness andunderstanding of viral

hepatitis and the diseases thatit can cause. It focuses on:

* strengthening prevention, screeningand control of viral hepatitis and itsrelated diseases;

* increasing the coverage of hepatitis Bvaccination into national immunisationprogrammes;

* co-ordinating a global response tohepatitis.

At the same time the WorldHealth Organisation sets a

number of goals:* to reduce the transmission of agentsthat cause viral hepatitis;· to reduce morbidity and mortality dueto viral hepatitis through improving thecare of patients;

* to reduce the socio-economic impactof viral hepatitis at individual, com-

munity and population levels.


Traditional water bodiessuch as beris and talabshave long since been anintegral part of rural life inIndia providing water, fishand sometimes even justa venue for people to chitchat. The flat plains inWestern Uttar Pradesh,where the Ganga andYamuna rivers meet, is noexception. Once home tomany such water bodies,this area where the epicMahabharata was set, hasslowly given way to rapidurbanization.Gandhari talaab mythicallyused by Gandhari the motherof the Kauravas, and Surajkund a reservoir that can betraced back to the times ofBaba ManoharNath, a contempo-rary of the famousSufi saintShahpeer, wereonce situatedhere. The BabaManohar Nathtemple was builtduring MughalEmperor ShahJahan's time alon-side a mau-soleum. The waterfrom the kund was used forreligious purposes, ritualbaths as well as for water har-vesting.The Meerut Gazetteer recordshow Lala Jawahar Mal, a localruler impressed with its heal-ing powers renovated thewater body in 1700. Duringthe Mughal period the pondwas filled with the water of

Abu Nala and later, with thewaters of the Ganga canal.The next to take over theupkeep of these water bodieswere the British. It was whenthey handed over this respon-

sibility to theMunicipality in1865, did theneglect begin.Revenue recordssuggest thatthere are 3062water bodies in663 villages inMeerut districtalone. Till the1960s, thesewater bodieswere visible allaround the city

and formed an importantwater buffer, especially dur-ing the summers. Most ofthem are in a pitiable statenow and have beenencroached upon by peopleright under the nose of theadministration. Gandharitalaab, 60 m long, 50 m wideand 6 m deep, is no longer

suitable to recharge ground-water. This water body locat-ed in Parikshitgarh block inMeerut district dried up threedecades ago and has nowbeen encroached upon.A possible reason why thishappened and continues tohappen is the lack of owner-ship and lack of sense ofbelonging within a communitypost-colonialism. Earlier,there were self-organized sys-tems of conserving water bod-ies by the communities thatused them. Colonial intrusiondisturbed this communityform of management andgave preference to private aswell as state property rights.This method of governancecontinued post-independenceas well. Today, people havelost the emotional connectthey once shared with thesewater bodies and seldom usethem. Due to this neglect,most of these water bodiesare choked up with sewagewaste, plastic and othergarbage.

Water bodies in danger

Over 3000water bodieswhich onceexisted in

Meerut districtalone are nowin a pitiable

state.

R.Prashant


Land hunger has led tothe demise of these

water bodiesMost people in the areaattribute the deterioratingcondition of these ponds tothe illegal constructionsencroaching into the waterbody. This coupled with theillegal groundwater extractionby sugar industries in the areahas worsened the condition ofthese water bodies. In addi-tion, the state and the landmafia actively collude to bringabout a changein the way theland is used.They use the dried-up waterbody as agarbage dumpand then reclaimit later and thenput it up for sale.a Meerut-basedNGO, recentlyconducted ad a t a - b a s e dcollative studyon the naturalwater bodiesand other watersources of the

area including Gandharitalaab, Navaldeh kuan,Shragrishi Ashram ki Jheel andothers. Results indicated thatonly 170 of the original 260ponds are still present in the52 villages in theParikshitgarh block in Meerutdistrict. The 125 that havegone missing are either beingused for agriculture or havebeen built upon. The area isnow faced with severe watercrisis.Save our water bodies,

save ourselves

It is only over the lastfew years that peoplehave begun to realizethe strain caused by thepoor management ofwater bodies, which alsoresults in a water short-age. Civil society groupsin Meerut have highlight-ed the need to revive thewater bodies that punc-tuate the region. NGOshave approached thecourt through a PublicInterest Litigation torestore these water bod-ies in addition to under-taking initiatives torevive them using local

shramdaan (voluntarylabour).While it is important to reviveancient water harvesting sys-tems to store natural waterand distribute it equitably, it isequally important to return toa community-based watermanagement system. Unlesspeople feel the responsiblityand ownership towards thesewater bodies, the emotionalconnect that once existed willbe hard to revive, as will thewater bodies that continue todie today.


Water is a natural resourcethat should be 'free' for all orat least easily accessible butwhy is India allowing moreand more companies to pri-

vatise it?Did you know that the planetwould die in three days if itran out of water? Water is abasic necessity and theUnited Nations recognized theright to it as a basic humanright in 2010. Isn’t it ironicthat we are still allowing a fewutility companies privatise it,speculate over it and controlit?Despite mounting criticismagainst water privatization,governments inseveral Indianstates are givingwater utility com-panies the go-ahead tod o m i -n a t ew a t e rmanage-ment in thecities. OurNational WaterPolicy (2012)too had calledfor privatisation of waterdelivery services and suggest-ed that water be priced to“fully recover” the costs ofoperation and administrationof water-resources projects.

This has created a seriousdebate around the issue.The promoters of private sec-tor firms say that water is aneconomic good and hencethey can commoditize it. Theyalso assert that private sectorinvolvement leads to betterresults as pricing wateraccording to its true cost will

promote prac-tices that aremore effi-

cient. Thoseagainstw a t e rpriva-

t iza-t i o n

e x p l a i nthe many

drawbacks likelack of access to clean drink-ing water by a large section ofsociety and constantlyincreasing water bills. Water isa natural resource essential toall life.In 2000-2002, poor neighbor-

hoods of Johannesburg, SouthAfrica, were hit by a terriblecholera epidemic. Slum watersupply was disconnected bythe private water supplyagency when people did notpay their high water bills.Residents drank water frompolluted rivers in the absenceof an alternative. A choleraepidemic resulted claiming ahundred lives while some hun-dred thousand people fell ill.The government woke up and

directed the privatecompanies to provide atleast twenty-five liters ofwater a day to all resi-

dents during theepidemic. Is India going downthat path too?

A group of civil soci-ety organizationsslammed theGovernment ofIndia’s water privati-

sation plan at aconference that

d e a l tw i t hI n d i a nand inter-

n a t i o n a lexperiences

related to thesubject. Held recently

at the Indian Social Institute,New Delhi, close to 300 par-ticipants attended it to dis-cuss the challenges and thenegative outcomes of waterprivatisation.

WWaatteerr oonn tthhee wwaayyttoo ggeett pprriivvaattiizzee????

Dr. V.N mishra


Water is a human right ininternational law, andattempts to privatize it are abreach of law. It is also notedthat the increasing commodi-fication of water has put alarge section of the society ina disadvantaged position.Privatisation puts a stop toequitable distribution of waterBolivia, a poor country inSouth America witnessed oneof the most controversialwater privatisation programsaided by the World Bank inthe 1990s. The Bolivian gov-ernment put up water sys-tems for sale to private play-ers in some of the poorestregions of the country. Inthe city of Cochabamba,the US Company Bechtelwon the bid through anuncontested ‘bidding’process. While thisimproved access of water toformerly unserved communi-ties in the short run, it causedproblems when the entirepublic infrastructure includinglocal wells and pumps weretaken over by the Company.Consumers unable to paythe increased water rateslost access to water. Riotsbroke out in the city as pro-testers filled the streets.People forced the company toleave and the local govern-ment successfully took overthe management of the city'swater supply. It stressed the importance ofawareness among peopleregarding the negativeimpacts of privatisation. Indiaactions the tenet of the UnitedNations Convention 2010,which stresses on water andother natural resources as aright of the people.Medha Patkar highlighted therole of International Financial

Institutions (IFIs) such as theWorld Bank and AsianDevelopment Bank in forcingprivatisation and creating“imposed development”.Countries seeking assistancefrom them were required toderegulate and abolish subsi-dies. They were also requiredto sell their water systemsand infrastructure to privateinvestors. Independent pri-vate water regulatory bodieswere set up and private sectormanagement thrust on thesecountries, if they wanted toreceive funding from theseinstitutions. Also, they

focused on

m i n e r a land bottled water so that pri-vate companies can continueto make profits. She urged thepeople to fight privatisationand treat water as a naturalresource over which the entirepopulace has a right. "There isa need to promote communityownership of water manage-ment and conservation", shesaid.Delhi’s Sonia Vihar watertreatment plant is being oper-ated by a French company.They claim to be supplying140 million gallons of waterper day while the raw water

being supplied to the Plant isjust about 90 million gallonsper day. The government ishowever paying them for 140million gallons per day. Howcan they possibly manufac-ture an extra 50 million gal-lons per day?” While there isplenty of water available perindividual as per the Delhi JalBoard figures, the govern-ment continues to promotethe private sector.Bureaucrats create a watershortage and show revenuedeficits. Then, private compa-nies are provided raw waterby the State.They useS t a t e

infra-structure but collect revenuesbased on their managementfees and profit margins. As aresult, water tariff hasincreased almost eighteentimes in the last nine years inDelhi.Water is a natural resourcethat belongs to everyone. It isowned by the community andnot just by a group of peopleor companies. We need tounderstand the social issuesand governance related towater and its management toeffectively fight against itsprivatisation.


In a bid to realize India's solarenergy potential throughresearch and innovation, thegovernment approved a pro-posal to set up anautonomous institution -National Institute of SolarEnergy (NISE) - in Gurgaon.The NISE is to be set up imme-diately by converting theSolar Energy Centre (SEC),Gurgaon as a world class insti-tute in the field of developingsolar energy technologies. .Solar energy technologies areevolving continuously and theproposal to set up theNational Institute of SolarEnergy is an innovative ideawhich will accelerate theprocess to support inductionof the latest technologies toensure maximum cost benefitand lead to early commercial-ization. It said that a broad-based national team in theform of a Review-cum-Strategy FormulationCommittee would be set upwith representation fromindustry, scientific communityand financial institutions toprepare a blue print. The committee would look atvarious models available inthe country and outside andprepare a roadmap for theInstitute. Solar power devel-opers from across the countrywill also be consulted in thisprocess.

Setting up of anapex nationalcentre for solarenergy is a partof the JawaharlalNehru NationalSolar Mission(JNNSM) whichwas consideredby the PrimeMinister's Councilon ClimateChange in August, 2009. The Mission and other relatedproposals were approved bythe government in November,2009. While approving theJNNSM, the government hadalso approved specific targetsand budget for the first phaseof the Mission till March, 2013.This includes R&D in solarenergy, including setting up ofa Centre of Excellence as anapex centre on differentaspects of solar energy tech-nologies. Solar water heaters installedin Delhi government schoolsTo harnessing renewableenergy, a number of Delhigovernment schools in EastDelhi have installed a newwater pumping solution usingsolar energy. Renewable Energy AssistedPump (REAP) is easy to installsubmersible pump connectedto a water tank with a special-ly- designed motor poweredby a solar panel. The technology has beendeveloped by power distribu-tion company BYPL and IIT-

Delhi. Already, REAP has beeninstalled in a number of gov-ernment schools includingSarvodaya Bal Vidyalaya(Seemapuri), Raja Ravi VermaSarvodaya Baal Vidyala(Nandnagri) and GovernmentSenior Secondary School No-1,(Shahdara).REAP will be installed in manymore schools in the comingdays, said an official. The REAP systems, beinginstalled in the schools, arebeing funded by MLAs fromtheir MLA Local AreaDevelopment ( MLALAD) fund. To ensure availability of puri-fied drinking water in theschools, the REAP's have beenespecially provided with anUltra Violet water purificationsystem. REAP system is veryuseful for institutions likeschools, in addressing theirneeds for sanitation and cleandrinking water. Both the pub-lic representatives and theschool authorities have showna great deal of interest in thissystem.

SSoollaarr tteecchhnnoollooggiieess oonn ddeevveellooppeemmeenntt

Harish Kunwar


Forest biodiversity in theEastern Ghats is undergoing atremendous change. Expertsbelieve that the hilly slopes inthe district are changing forthe worse. The department ofenvironmental sciences esti-mates that over 80,000 acresof forest land has been per-manently destroyed in thelast 32 years alone (from1980-2012). In addition tothis, biodiversity in the decid-uous forests on the hillyslopes of the Eastern Ghats inthe district has virtually gonefor a toss. Pointing out thatdiversity in flora has a newmeaning today Intrusive non-native species are taking overthe forest cover and artificialblock plantations in manypockets of our reserve arethreatening the existence ofseasonal native plants inmany 'forested' areas. Over a period of time, manyblock plantations of treespecies like Eucalyptus andtimber trees such as Cashewrina have been introduced inthe reserve area, resulting inerosion of endemic speciespeculiar to the Eastern Ghatslike Native Basil, Fida, Justicia,Borreria and Merremia thathelp in soil conservation,increase moisture level andproduce organic matter whichhelps trap carbon. Agreeing to this, a biotechnol-ogist said that the introduc-tion of foreign species in a

specific and sensitive ecosys-tem must be done carefullyand care must be taken toensure that they are friendlytowards the ecosystem andnot intrusive. According to experts, theforests in Eastern Ghats areunique, in the sense that theyare the most ancient forestcover in the subcontinent.More importantly, thanks tothe solid bedrock, they housea vast number of tree species. The three-tier structure of theforest is predominantly treebased and supported by shruband herbaceous cover whichis conducive to supporting lifeforms of great variance. Theundulating and gentle slopingnature of the Ghats makes itideal to support a three-tierforest, said sources at theenvironmental sciencesdepartment. The very sloping nature of theGhats makes a three-tier for-est absolutely necessary. Theseasonal herbaceous speciessuch as Hyptis and Ocymmare extremely eco-friendly, inthe sense that they not onlyhelp bind the soil and absorbrain water but also act as gen-erators of organic matter thathelp the forest sustain. Moreover, the sub-tropicalnature of the climate ensuresthat species found in differentclimatic zones can make ahome in the Eastern Ghats.However, experts fear thatthe very existence of forestsin the Eastern Ghats is beingthreatened due to various rea-

sons today. The introductionof non-friendly species suchas Eucalyptus and Cashewrina is spelling doom for theethnic nature of the forest,even as illegal mining, exces-sive urbanisation and shiftingcultivation in addition to ille-gal logging could actuallywipe out the forest cover forgood, experts pointed out. Almost three species of but-terflies have been wiped outand honey bees too are athreatened lot. If we do notact today and protect our for-est cover, the implicationswould be serious as pollina-tion itself could be affected.This means that food produc-tion would be drasticallyaffected in the long run. However, forest departmentofficials defended the decisionto opt for quick growing plan-tations of Acacia, Cashewrina, Eucalyptus, Prosopis(Thumma) and Coffeebecause the focus was onregenerating tree and landcover in completely denudedareas. We also need to takeinto consideration the factthat these trees have a com-mercial value. After all wecannot have the locals in conflict with the ecosystem. Inthe process, we try to find abalance. Environmentalistsmight say that we are com-promising, but at least we aredoing our bit to regenerateforest cover. At the end of theday, the block plantations canbe slowly replaced by a natur-al forest cover.

TTrreemmeennddoouuss cchhaannggee ::tthhrreeaatt ttoo EEaasstteerrnn GGhhaattss

S.S chaddha


Crop pests are spreading tocolder parts of the world asclimate change warms theworld, a new study hasrevealed. It used publishedobservations of the distribution of 612 crop pests collected over the past 50years. It revealed that themovement of pests north andsouth towards the poles, andinto new previously un-colo-nized regions, corresponds toincreased temperatures during that period.The study shows a strong rela-tionship between increasedglobal temperatures over thepast 50 years and expansionin the range of crop pests. Itsaid that the pests are movingonwards at a rate of nearly 3km a year.If crop pests continue to

march polewards as the Earthwarms the combined effectsof a growing world populationand the increased loss ofcrops to pests will pose a serious threat to global food security.Currently 10-16% of globalcrop production is lost topests. Crop pests includefungi, bacteria, viruses,insects, nematodes, viroidsand oomycetes. The diversityof crop pests continues toexpand and new strains arecontinually evolving. Losses ofmajor crops to fungi, andfungi-like microorganisms,amount to enough to feednearly nine percent of today'sglobal population. The studysuggests that these figureswill increase further if globaltemperatures continue to riseas predicted.The spread of pests is causedby both human activities and

natural processes but isthought to be primarily theresult of international freighttransportation. The study sug-gests that the warming cli-mate is allowing pests tobecome established in previ-ously unsuitable regions. Forexample, warming generallystimulates insect herbivory athigher latitudes as seen inoutbreaks of the Mountainpine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae) that hasdestroyed large areas of pineforest in the US PacificNorthwest. In addition, therice blast fungus which is present in over 80 countries,and has a dramatic effectboth on the agricultural econ-omy and ecosystem health, has now moved to wheat. Considered a newdisease, wheat blast is sharply reducing wheat yields in Brazil.

Narendra Bidhuri

Global warming spurs spreadof crop pests, finds new study

Renewed efforts are requiredto monitor the spread of croppests and to control theirmovement from region toregion if we are to halt therelentless destruction of cropsacross the world in the face ofclimate change.Wise use of Fertilizers andwater can give a new shape toeconomyIndia's wheat andrice productioncan be increasedby over 60 per-cent, sugarcaneproduction by 41per cent and cot-ton production by73 per cent by2050 - withoutcutting downforests ori n c r e a s i n gfarmed area inany other way.Sounds like adream? In fact it is possi-ble to feed the whole world by2050, the study says, even aspopulation will jump by 2 bil-lion to reach 9 billion and fooddemand will double from thepresent because of better liv-ing standards.Researchers gathered datafrom 157 countries and foundthat most of them - includingIndia - suffered from a serious'yield gap'. That is the gapbetween what a best-practicefarm in that area can produceand what is the prevailingaverage production per unitland area.Thus, in India, the study foundthat in wheat, the currentyield was 2.49 tonnes perhectare (tph) while it could goup to 3.98 tph if proper fertil-izer and water is provided.Similarly, rice yield could

increase from 2.88 tph to 4.61tph, and sugarcane yieldscould be increased from 63.62tph to 88.97 tph.How is thisincrease taking place?Doesn't it mean a higher pres-sure on the environment, bycutting down of forests?Usually increase in agricultur-al production is associatedwith negative environmental

impact, including heavy useof fertilizer most of whichwashes away into the watersystem causing huge dam-age.It is often seen these twogoals as a trade-off: We couldeither have more food, or acleaner environment, notboth. What this study did waslook at the global picture.They found out how much fer-tilizers and water are neededin different countries or areas,and compared it to how muchis actually being used. Manycountries and regions - includ-ing China, the US, WesternEurope and even some partsof India - were using excessivefertilizer and water while therest of the world was usingmuch less than needed. If thefertilizer and water use wererationalized and spread equi-

tably, yields would go up inthe deficient regions substan-tially, but without causingdeclines in the extra-usingregions.Worldwide, nitrogen use couldbe cut by 28 percent andphosphorus use by 38 percentwithout adversely affectingyields for corn, wheat andrice, the study found. With

strategic redis-tribution ofnutrient inputs,underperform-ing lands world-wide could bebrought up to75 percent oftheir productionpotential whileonly increasingglobal nitrogenuse 9 percentand potassiumuse 34 percent-and reducingphosphorus use

2 percent, the study said.The researchers caution thattheir analysis is at a coarsescale and that many otherfactors, including land charac-teristics, use of organic fertil-izers, economics, geopolitics,water availability and climatechange will influence actualgains in crop production andreductions in adverse environ-mental impacts.However, thestudy strongly indicates thatclosing the "yield gap" onunderperforming lands-previ-ously identified as one of fivepromising points for meetingfuture food needs, along withhalting farmland expansion inthe tropics, using agriculturalinputs more strategically,shifting diets and reducingfood waste-holds greatpromise for sustainably boost-ing food security.



India's capital is emerging asthe world's dumping capitalfor e-waste, with hazardousactivities taking place and liketo generate e-waste to anextent of 50,000 metrictonnes (MT) per annum by2015 from the current level of30,000 metric tonnes perannum, growing at a com-pound annual growth rate(CAGR) of about 25%, accord-ing to an Assocham estimate.The Assocham latest study on"E-waste in India by 2015"revealed that currently e-waste of Delhi is approxi-mately 30,000 metric tonesper annum and employs morethan 1.5 lakh workers in city'svarious organised and unorganised recycling units.As many as 8,500 mobilehandsets; 5,500 TV sets and3,000 personal computers aredismantled in the city every-day for reuse of their compo-nent parts and materials.While the list is growing, so is the quantity as these products are getting more affordable and more and morepeople are using them.Increasing usage also leads tomore of them coming up fordisposal, thus increasing therate of obsolescence andreplacement.Further stated that large e-waste centres exist in Delhi,NCR, Meerut, Firozabad,Chennai, Bangalore andMumbai, with 85,000 recy-clers working in Delhi-NCRalone.

Workers are poorly-protectedin an environment where e-waste from PC monitors,PCBs, CDs, motherboards,cables, toner cartridges, lightbulbs and tube-lights areburned in the open, releasinglead, mercury toxins into theair.Metals and non-degradablematerials such as gold andplatinum, aluminium, cadmi-um, mercury, lead and bromi-nated flame-retardants areretrieved.Its mentioned that Delhi alonegets around 85% of the elec-tronic waste generated in thedeveloped world.In terms of total e-waste pro-duced internally or broughtfrom outside for recycling,Delhi's e-waste weighsbetween 25,000 and 30,000metric tonnes per year.The e-waste imported fromMumbai, Bangalore andChennai makes its way toDelhi, as there is a ready market for glass and plastic inthe NCR. Also, the wastesfrom Mumbai constitute abulk of the 1,500 tonnes dis-carded electronics that land inDelhi's scrap yards everyday.Assocham has also stronglyadvocated the need to bringout effective legislation toprevent entry of child labourinto its collection, segregationand distribution.As per the estimates, morethen 35,000-45,000 childlabourers in the age groupfrom 10 to 14 years areobserved to be engaged invarious e-waste activities,without adequate protection

and safeguards in Delhi's various yards and recyclingworkshops.Domestic e-waste includingcomputer, TV, mobiles andrefrigerators contain over1,000 toxic material, whichcontaminate soil and groundwater. Exposure can causeheadache, irritability, nausea,vomiting, eye pain. Recyclersmay suffer liver, kidney andneurological disorders.Due to lack of awareness,they are risking their healthand the environment as well.They use strong acids toretrieve precious metals suchas gold.Printed circuit boards, forinstance, contain heavy met-als like Antimony, Gold, Silver,Chromium, Zinc, Lead, Tin andCopper. The method ofextracting these materialsfrom circuit boards is highlyhazardous and involves heating the metals in theopen.Issues relating to poor sensiti-sation about this sector, loworganized recycling, cross-border flow of waste equipment into India, limitedreach out and awarenessregarding disposal, afterdetermining end of useful life,and lack of coordinationbetween various authoritiesare responsible for the non-involvement of munici-palities in E-waste management.Each state should develop itsown scrap yards in the respective cities so that theenvironmental hazards wouldbe minimized in Delhi-NCR..

Guru Uppadhayay

NCR likely to generate 50,000 metrictonnes of e-wwaste by 2015: Assocham

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