pushpendra and mehra

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Radhasoami

Biodiesel:A Step Towards self Reliance

Pushpendra Kumar

Abhishek Mehra

B.Tech. Part-IIIMech. Engg., IT-BHU


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Biodiesel - A Step Towards Self Reliance

"The use of vegetable oilsfor engine fuels may

seem insignificanttoday. But such oils maybecome in the course of

time as important aspetroleum and coal tarproducts of the presenttime."-- Rudolph Diesel, 1912

Rudolf Diesel used peanutoil to run the first ever

diesel engine.

(1858-1913)


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Why Search For An AlternativeFuel??

Two Major Issues..

Rate of oil Consumption..

Environmental Pollution


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1) Rate Of Oil Consumption

Peak Coincides With 50%Oil Depletion And IsYR2000

Oil Demand Increasing2%YR.

Production Decreasing8%YR

By year2010 we requireadditional 50 millionbarrels per day


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2) Environmental Pollution

The above "Keeling Curve" shows the increasein total concentrations of CO2 in the

atmosphere from 1957.


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A Sustainable Future WithoutHydrocarbons

Our Vision


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So We Need!!!!!!

Renewable fuels with lesser Pollution

Potential Biofuels:

Ethanol

Biodiesel

Bio-hydrogen

Biogases


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What Are Biodiesels???

A Fuel composed ofmono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty

acids derived from

i. vegetable oils,

ii. animal fats,


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TransesterificationA multi-step process, the overall Reaction

looks like this:

Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel Glycerin+

Lye Catalyst

Fatty AcidAlcoholGlycerin


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Biodiesel Samples


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WHY Biodiesel???


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The Answer to a number ofissues!

National Security: Lessdependence on importedPetroleum.

Environment: Reduction in

greenhouse gases Public Health: Less toxic to

human health.

Economic: Aid to IndianFarmers.

Operations: Performanceenhancer to conventionaldiesel.


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Biodiesel vs. Petroleum Diesel?

Similar reliability

Similar fuel economy

Similar power output

Similar engine torque


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Exploration

Refining

Use in Cars and Trucks

Fossil CO2

Release to Atmosphere

PETRO-DIESEL CO2 CYCLE13 pounds of fossil CO2 released per gallon burned


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BIODIESEL CO2 CYCLENo fossil CO2 Released ; No global

warming


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Emissions Reductions


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Diesel CNG LNG Methanol Ethanol B20Vehicle Cost 10 5 5 5 5 10Infrastructure Cost 10 2 5 5 5 10Safety 7 4 3 1 3 8Operating Range 10 5 10 10 10 10Operating Cost 10 5 7 5 5 7Reliability 10 7 5 3 3 10Customer Accept. 5 8 8 8 9 8Funds Assistance 1 10 2 0 2 2Training Costs 10 5 5 5 5 10Fuel Availability 10 10 5 5 5 6Fuel Quality 9 5 10 8 8 9Price Stability 6 8 8 6 6 6Totals 98 74 73 61 66 96

RELATIVE GRADING OF FUELS

0- LEAST DESIRABLE

10- MOST FAVORABLE


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Biodiesel Revolution InINDIA


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INDIAN SCENARIO India ranks 6th in energy demand with an oil import of

Rs. 6,000 Billions p.a.,

India consumes 3.5% of global energy demand.

Fulfill the conditions of Kyoto Protocol agreement(signed by India in Aug2002).

Biodiesel processing cost in India is almost

one-third of that in European countries and the US.


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CAN BIODIESEL WORK IN INDIA? India with just 2.4% of global area supportsmore than 16% of the human population and

17% of the cattle population.

India is one of the largest importers of edible oil.

A sustainable source of vegetable oil is to befound before we can think of biodiesel.

Where will we find the oil for biodiesel?


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JATROPHA MAY BETHEANSWER!!!

Low cost seeds

High oil content

Can sustain long periods of drought.

Minimum management.

The cultivable land area about 100-110 millionhectares are classified as waste land (economicsurvey)

A b i f C St d


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ENERGY

Employment

OTHER

10 M Hectares of

waste land

30 mmt of seeds

9.5 mt of Oil

2 Million new Jobs

200 New Extraction unitsof 250 tpd capacity

11 mt of organic manure

0.4 mt of glycerol

A brief Case Study.


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Effect on Rural Economy Seed price Rs. 5/Kg.

Seed yield 3000Kg / hectare. 5 hectare plantation / family.

75,000 Rs / year income.

Additionally :

Waste lands converted to national resources.

Saving of Rs 20,000 crore p.a (Planning

Commission report).


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Will the cost of Biodieselcomparable to the Diesel??????Off course Yes

with the following ASSUMPTIONS:

Seed contains 35% oil,

Oil extraction will be 91-92% per seed,

1.05 Kg of oil yields 1 Kg of Biodiesel andrecovery from sale of glycerol will be at therate of Rs. 40-60 per Kg.


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O.Kso whats the downside?Very little!

Problem: Less tolerant to cold than petroleum diesel Solution: Use in combination with petroleum diesel,

and/or use an anti-gel agent

Problem: Clogging of fuel filters Solution: Change fuel filters frequently during transition

Problem: Fuel line incompatibility in older cars

Solution:Replace natural rubber with Viton synthetic parts

Problem: Accessibility: Harder to find biodiesel.

Solution: Wait a bit - slowly improving


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ConclusionE3- ENERGY,EMPLOYMENT AND

ENVIRONMENT

Biodiesel


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SPECIAL THANKS

To

Prof. B.B. Bansal,(Mech.Engg Deptt.)

Dr. Hadi Hasan (App. Chemistry Deptt.) Dr. P.K. Mishra (Chemical Engg. Deptt.)

All the lab staff member of Applied

Chemistry Department and ChemicalEngg. Department.


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