pune, india, 13 – 15 december 2010 itu-t kaleidoscope 2010 beyond the internet? - innovations for...

Pune, India, 13 – 15 December 2010

ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010Beyond the Internet? - Innovations for

future networks and services

Alex GalisUniversity College London

[email protected]; www.ee.ucl.ac.uk/~agalis

Future Networks: Challenges and standardization results

ITU-T Focus Group on Future Networks

(Keynote Presentation)

Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 2

ContentInternet Today / Current Networks

Context Challenges & Why to changeDrivers for ChangeResearch Initiatives

ITU-T FG FN Focus Group Future Networks Future Networks

Objectives, Design Objectives, Technologies

Concluding Remarks

ARPAnet Plan – late 1960sRough sketch by Larry Roberts


Internet 1973

UCL connected in July 1973 to ARPAnetPune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 4

Inter-networks Demonstration 1977


Internet 2010


Current Internet The Internet plays a central and vital role in our

society

Work and business, education, entertainment, social life, …

Victim of its own success, suffering from ossification

Innovation meets natural resistance (e.g. no IPv6, no mobile IP, no inter-domain DiffServ, no inter-domain multicast, etc.)

Services such as P2P, IPTV, emerging services, pose new requirements on the underlying network architecture

Big growth in terms of the number of inter-connected devices but slow growth in innovation and new services


Key Changes in Internet - History Changes were possible when the Internet was still an

academic research network (i.e. until 1993 when the WWW turned it to a commercial)

Inter-network that underpins the “information society”

Key changes in that period were the following: 1982 DNS, 1983 TCP/IP instead of NCP, 1987 TCP congestion control, 1991 BGP policy routing, 1991 SNMP

No significant changes since then apart from MPLS which has been deployed in addition to plain IP

Research efforts towards the Future Internet: evolutionary & cleaner-slate & clean-slate approaches, changes, migration


Next Generation Networks Next (NGN)ITU-T : 2004 - Present

“A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.”


Overall NGN Architecture

Transport stratum

Service stratum

MediaHandlingFunctions

AccessFunctions

Othernetworks

Othernetworks

CustomerFunctions

TransportUser Profile Functions

Application Functions

GatewayFunctions

Transport Control Functions

Control Media

NNIUNI

EdgeFunctions

Network Attachment

Control Functions

Core Transportfunctions

Core TransportFunctions

AccessTransportfunctions

AccessTransportFunctions

Service and ControlFunctions

ServiceUser Profile Functions

Man

agem

ent F

unct

ions


Current Internet Model

Hourglass Paradigm: Every System on IP an IP on Every SystemKISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid” ( i.e. today optimisation is tomorrow’s bottleneck) D. IsenbergSimple network layer Services are realised at the end-hosts

-Robust & scalable communications-Adaptable to unpredictable new applications (i.e. source of innovation)

Current Networks - Status


Current Internet

Disappearance of the ‘End-host only’ concept ( i.e. edge networks; new nodes : sensors, mobile devices )

Lack of in-system management (i.e. information, decision, implementation – closed control loops for realising management requirements)

Trustworthy User / Network / Service (i.e. end-host protocols can and are altered many security issues)

Best effort service delivery No explicit media & content handling Size & Costs:

• N X 109 connectivity points - status: reaching maturity and maybe some limits• N X105 services /applications - status: fast growing• N X103 Exabyte's content - status: fast growing• Cost structure: 80% (90%) of lifecycle costs are operational and management costs - status: reaching crisis level

Ossification: reaching crisis level • A lot of missing and interrelated features; missing enablers for integration and orchestration of Nets, Services, Content, Storage• Substantial barriers to innovation with novel services, networking systems, architecture and technologies

Internet & NGN “No longer fit for new purposes” Some of the reasons:


How to changeApproach: Parallel and Interconnected Internets;

Progressive changes; “Cleaner” slate and evolutionary

Network of networks system of coordinated service networks

Virtualization of resources (Networks, Services, Content, Storage)

Programmability Increased self-managebility as the means of

controlling the complexity and the lifecycle costs


Research Initiatives

1. Korea - Future Internet Forum - http://fif.kr/

2. Asia Future Internet - http://www.asiafi.net/

3. Japan - AKARI Future Internet - http://akariproject.nict.go.jp/eng/conceptdesign.htm

4. USA - Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) - http://www.geni.net

5. European Union - Future Internet Assembly (FIA) www.future-internet.eu


Current Internet

Period: July 2009 – Dec 2010

Objective: document results that would enable development of Recommendations for future networks

Results: FNs Vision Document + 3 Supporting Technologies - published in early January 2011

www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx

ITU-T FG FN -Focus Group Future Networks

Chairman: Takashi Egawa (NEC, Japan) - 2010

Morita Naotaka (NTT, Japan) - 2009

Vice-Chairman: Hyoung Jun Kim (ETRI, Korea)

Vice-Chairman: Alex Galis (University College London, UK)Pune, India, 13 – 15 Dec 2010: ITU-T Kaleidoscope 2010 – Beyond the Internet? Innovations for future networks and services 15

Future networks• ITU-T started pre-standardization activities • with identification of FNs requirements (FG FN) :

new social requirements (e.g., environment) new application areas (e.g., IoT, cloud, smart grid) new implementation technologies are found!

Introduction of new network architectures; we call this Future Networks

• ITU is not R&D body. Direction is find by analysing existing activities (Asia, EU, USA)

• Produced document Future Networks: Objectives and Design Goals (Jan 2011) is first “guidance”.

• FN - Appropriate timeframe for prototyping and phased deployment is 2015 - 2020

• Next phase is also task of researcher to find the best answers on requirements.

• http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx


http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx

http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/fn/Pages/Default.aspx

Future Networks (FNs): A future network is a network which is able to provide revolutionary

services, capabilities, and facilities that are hard to provide using existing network technologies. A future network is either:

new component network or an enhancement to an existing one; federation of new component networks or federation of new and

existing component networks.

ITU-T FG FN - Vision document fundamental issues that are neglected in designing today’s networks as ‘objectives’,capabilities that should be supported by future networks as ‘design goals’,

• ideas and research topics of future networks that are important and may be relevant to future ITU-T standardization as ‘promising technologies’.

Definition - Future networks


FN - Four ObjectivesEnvironment awareness

FNs should be environmental friendly.

Service awarenessFNs should provide services that are customized with the appropriate functions to meet the needs of applications and users.

Data awarenessFNs should have architecture that is optimized to handling enormous amount of data in a distributed environment.

Social-economic awarenessFNs should have social-economic incentives to reduce barriers to entry for the various participants of telecommunication sector.

FUTURE NETORKS

Enviro

nm

ent

aw

are

ness

Serv

ice a

ware

ness

DA

TA

aw

are

ness

Socia

l-eco

nom

ic aw

are

ness

FUTURE NETORKS


FNs - 12FNs - 12 Design Goals① (Service Diversity) FNs should accommodate a wide variety

of traffic and support diversified services

② (Functional Flexibility) FNs should have flexibility to support and sustain new services derived from future user demands

③ (Virtualization of resources) FNs should support virtualization so that a single resource can be used concurrently by multiple virtual resources.

④ (Data Access) FNs should support isolation and abstraction FNs should have mechanisms for retrieving data in a timely manner regardless of its location.

⑤ (Energy Consumption) FNs should have device, system, and network level technologies to improve power efficiency and to satisfy customer’s requests with minimum traffic

⑥ (Service Universalization)FNs should facilitate and accelerate provision of convergent facilities in differing areas such as towns or the countryside, developed or developing countries


FNs - 12FNs - 12 Design Goals (Cont.)⑦ (Economic Incentives) FNs should be designed to provide

sustainable competition environment to various participants in ecosystem of ICT by providing proper economic incentives

⑧ (Network Management) FNs should be able to operate, maintain and provision efficiently the increasing number of services and entities.

⑨ (Mobility) FNs should be designed and implemented to provide mobility that facilitates high levels of reliability, availability and quality of service in an environment where a huge number of nodes can dynamically move across the heterogeneous networks.

⑩ (Optimization) FNs should provide sufficient performance by optimizing capacity of network equipments based on service requirement and user demand.

⑪ (Identification) FNs should provide a new identification structure that can effectively support mobility and data access in a scalable manner.

⑫ (Reliability and Security)FNs should support extremely high-reliability services


1. Service Diversity2. Functional Flexibility3. Virtuallization of resourc.4. Data Access5. Energy Consumption6. Service Universalization7. Economic Incentives8. Network Management9. Mobility10. Optimization11. Identification12. Reliability & Security

21

Environmentawareness

Serviceawareness

Dataawareness

Social-economic awareness

FN : Objectives vs. Design Goals


Technologies - achieving the design goalsVirtualization of Resources (Network Virtualization)

Enables creation of logically isolated network partitions over shared physical network infrastructures so that multiple heterogeneous virtual networks can simultaneously coexist over the shared infrastructures; it allows the aggregation of multiple resources and makes the aggregated resources appear as a single resource

Data/Content-oriented Networking (Data Access)Energy-saving of Networks (Energy Consumption)

Forward traffic with less powerControl device/system operation for traffic dynamicsSatisfy customer requests with minimum traffic

In-system Network Management (Network Management)Distributed Mobile Networking (Mobility)Network Optimization (Optimization)

Device / System / Network level optimization (Path optimization, Network topology optimization, Accommodation point optimization)


Future Internet – some key differences

NGN - “A Next generation network (NGN) is a packet-based network which can provide services including Telecommunication Services and able to make use of multiple broadband, Quality of Service-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It offers unrestricted access by users to different service providers. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.” – source ITU-T 2004 http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html

FN Vs. NGN

The fundamental difference between FN and NGN is the switch from ‘packet-based’ systems such as those using Internet Protocol (IP) with a separate transport and service strata to a service and management-aware packet-based network, which is based on shared virtualized processing, storage and communication resources.

Future Networks (FN) Vs. Next Generation Networks(NGN) - Key differences


http://www.itu.int/newsarchive/press_releases/2004/05.html

24

Future Networks Key Features

Virtualization functions

Service–aware & Management-aware

functions

Service–aware & Management-aware

functions

API

API

Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources)

Requests

API

Functional Features

Applications/Services

Fu

ture

Netw

ork

s S

cop

e

Control

Enablers


Future Internet – some key differencesFuture Networks (FN) are represented by the interconnection and interoperations of

several heterogeneous and dynamic networks of shared virtualised resources. FN offer unrestrictive access by users to different service providers. FN offer to service

providers qualified access to a set of network embedded resource-facing services, providing scalable, self-managed inexpensive networking infrastructures on demand.

FN can provide services of any complexity including ICT, Telecommunication and Universal Services. FN should support the complete lifecycle of services that can be primarily constructed by recombining existing elements in new and creative ways.

Distinguishing objectives for FN are: environment - awareness, service – awareness, data - awareness and social-economic – awareness. Realisation of FN would be enabled by the following design goals: power consumption control, service diversity, service universalization, functional flexibility, data access efficiency, economic incentives, efficient management, mobility, resource identification, high reliability and security

Realisation of FN are characterized by the following design goals: Shared technical resources such as processing, storage and communication resources

of Future Networks are to be combined as virtual networks, across multiple domains and used in a simple and pervasive way by any services. FN encompass all levels of provisioning, operation, interoperability and interfaces for enhanced manageability, for diverse services and for optimal access and utilisation of shared resources.

FN provide embedded enablers for a number of key functions, including virtualisation enablers, in-system self-management enablers, energy saving enablers, mobility enablers, network optimisation enablers, data & content-enablers, economic incentive enablers.

Future Networks (FN) – Proposed Definition


Current Networks = Network of Interconnected uncoordinated networks – “infrastructure where intelligence is located at the edges”

Future Networks = Unlike the original Internet infrastructure or NGN infrastructure set of standards, which merely focus on technical connectivity, routing, and naming, the scope of the Future Networks recommendations, standards, and guidelines should encompass all levels of interfaces for Manageability, Services as well as technical (networking, computation, storage) resources (“Infrastructure where the intelligence is embedded - Smart Infrastructure”).

Substitute KISS principle with KII principle :

KISS Principle : “Keep it Simple, Stupid - Today optimisation is tomorrow’s bottleneck” (Source D. Isenberg)

KII Principle : “Keep it Intelligent -Today fundamental is tomorrow’s secondary” (Source A. Galis)

Future Networks (FN) - Concluding Remarks


Conclusion

To design FN, wider collaboration than traditional Telecom framework is necessary. Today’s promising areas are all

interdisciplinary areas, which include Telecom and other industries

Clouds: computing clouds, in-network clouds, storage clouds, smart grid: power, IoT: health, vehicle, etc.

Telecom has become an infrastructure of every industry, so we need to learn their needs to design future networks

We can’t design smart grid ready network without understanding power industry’s requirements


Thank you for your attention

Q&A

28

Key Features of NGN Release 1

Resource and Admission Control Functions

RACF

Network AccessAttachment Functions

NAAF

Other M ultimedia Components …

Streaming Services

Application Functions

Core transport Functions

Access Transport Functions

NGN Terminals

CustomerNetworks

UserProfile

Functions

Oth

er N

etw

ork

sLegacyTerminals

GW

PSTN / ISDN Emulation

IP M ultimedia Component

NNITransport Stratum

Service Stratum

UNI

Edge Functions

Access Functions

Service and

Control Functions

Customer and Terminal Functions

QoSAspects and one part of Control aspect(IP QoSsignaling Requirement) A part of

Release 1 coverage

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Networking Trends & Possible Solutions

Increase Efficiency Self-Organizing Networks Cognitive Radio Load (Femto Cells, WiFi) Green Networking & Energy Efficiency

Share Resources Infrastructure Sharing Spectrum Sharing

Shift towards Service-awareness Embedding Service Enablers

More and More Complexity to Manage Embedding Autonomicity

31

Key Features of Future Networks

32

33

Future Networks Key Features

Virtualization functions

Service–aware & Management-aware functions

Service–aware & Management-aware functions

API

API

Networking, processing and storage resources (Infrastructure Resources)

Requests

API

Functional Features

Applications/Services

Fu

ture

Net

wo

rks

Sco

pe

Control

Enablers

3333

Future networks

FutureNetworks

FutureServices/

Applications

Internet

NGNs

Clean & Cleaner –slate

Approaches

2015 - 2020

34

pune, india, 13 – 15 december 2010 itu-t kaleidoscope 2010 beyond the internet? - innovations for...

Documents

future internet

itut kaleidoscope

generation networks

content internet

new services pune

ngn itut

emerging services

telecommunication services