publishing and interacting with linked data roberto garcia, josep maria brunetti, antonio...
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Publishing and Interacting with Linked Data
Roberto Garcia, Josep Maria Brunetti, Antonio López-Muzás, Juan Manuel Gimeno, Rosa Gil
WIMS’11 Conference, May 25th 2011, Sogndal, Norway
HCI & Data Integration Research GroupUniversitat de Lleida, Spain
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Overview
• RhizomerPlatform for Linked Data publishing (also Semantic Data)–Data access
• Read (LinkedData / SPARQL) • Write (Semantic FORMS + HTTP PUT/POST/DEL)
–Data sources• Jena (File, MySQL, Postgres), Virtuoso, OWLIM,…
–Interaction• Overview: Navigation bars• Filter: Facets• Details: HTML+RDFa, Interaction Web Services
(map, timeline,…)
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Architecture
• Server part:– REST interface over repository
• GET: URI (LinkedData) or SPARQL Query• PUT/POST/DELETE: data management
MetadataStore
Rhizomer
GE
T
PU
T
PO
ST
DE
L
search new edit delete
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Architecture
• Scope of GET operations:– Concise Bounded Description (CBD) +
rdfs:labels for all selected resources
• Scope of POST/PUT/DEL operations:– Concise Bounded Description
• DESCRIBE queries by default– Facilitate browsing heterogeneous data– Without a priori knowledge
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http://rhizomik.net/~rosa
http://...vcard#ADR
http://...vcard#StreetJaume II, 69
http://...vcard#Locality
Lleida
http://...onto#affiliation
http://www.udl.cat
http://...rdf#type
http://...rdfs#label
Rosa Gil
http://...rdf#type
http://...onto#Professor
http://...rdf#type
http://...vcard#work
http://...onto#University
Architecture
• DESCRIBE http://rhizomik.net/~rosa: CBD(…~rosa) = Fragment A U rdfs:labels
Fragment A
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Architecture
RDF2HTML
GET RDF2HTML
<s5t:Audio rdf:about="http://www.segre.com/audio/20070323-bm.mp3"> <dc:title>Butlletí Migdia</dc:title> <dc:date>2007-03-23</dc:date> <s5t:genre rdf:resource="&srs;11000000"/> <s5t:transcriptResource> http://www.segre.com/audio/20070323-bm.xml </s5t:transcriptResource></srt:Audio> http://www.segre.com/ audio/ 20070323-bm.mp3 a Audio
title Butlletí Migdia
date 2007-03-23
genre politics
transcript http://www.segre.com/audio/20070323-bm.xml
Referrers
http://rhizomik.net/.../NewsCodes-SubjectsOnto#11000000 a Subject
label politics
descriptionLocal, regional, national and international exercise of power, or struggle for power, and the relationships between governing bodies and states.
Referrers
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Interacting
• Until now, Rhizomer like other Linked Data publishing tools…– HTML+RDFa and content negotiation– Useful for computers, but also for human users?
• User tests:– Typical questions:
• Where do I start? • Where do I go now?• What is this data about?
– What do we offer? • Text search, type URI, SPARQL query,…
…but they do not answer end-users needs
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Interacting
• Example: What to do with DBPedia? – 3.5 million things described
• Ontology: 257 classes y 1276 properties
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Interacting
– DBPedia main page does not provide too many clues...
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Interacting
• SPARQL Endpoint:– select distinct(?c) (count(?i) as ?n)
where {?i a ?c} order by desc(?n)
c n
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing 1668503
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept 632607
http://www.opengis.net/gml/_Feature 571764
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place 462349
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Person 363751
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Work 355100
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/PopulatedPlace 340443
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Settlement 304370
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person 296595
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Species 168575WIMS’11 Conference, May 25th 2011, Sogndal, Norway
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Interacting
• Simple search– What to type?
– A URI? URI label?
– …
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Interacting
• Advanced search:– iSparql
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Information Architecture
• Proposal: adapt data interaction patterns [Shneiderman] and Information Architecture components [Morville]– Data structure: automate IA components
– Scalable, dataset independent
• Interaction Patterns / IA Components– Overview --> navigation bars, site map
• Main classes (topics) and their organisation
– Zoom & Filter--> facets, breadcrums• Main properties and values, filter
– Details --> HTML view, Object-Action Paradigm
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AI Components Navigation Bars
– Get hierarchical structure for dataset ontologies
– For each class• URI
• Label
• # instances
• Subclasses list
– Flatten to desired # levels and elements / level• Classes and namespaces whitelist and blacklist
– Algorithm:• When there is room, divide class with most instances
• When too many options, group classes with less instances
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AI Components Navigation Bars
7 elements in “Species” submenu:
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AI Components Navigation Bars
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AI Components Navigation Bars
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AI Components Navigation Bars
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AI Components Navigation Bars
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AI Components Navigation Bars
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AI Components Navigation Bars
Navigation bar provides overview for DBPedia… …but what to do with 12.334 birds now?
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AI Components Facets
• Pre-compute list of facets for each class– Properties used in dataset instances descriptions– Facet metrics: frequency, #different values, more
common value cardinality, entropy,…
• DBPedia Birds case:– http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Bird 12334 instances– 226 different properties
• http://dbpedia.org/ontology/kingdom, 100%, 3 values, 6846 (Animalia),…
• User unfolds facet, show 5 +common values– Filter, get more…
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AI Components Facets
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AI Components Facets
• Order facets by "utility” (work in progress):– Prefer common properties, high frequency
– For values cardinality, discard extreme cases: • Just 1 value for the property
• All different values, i.e. max. value cardinality = 1
– Prefer properties that evenly divide results, higher entropy
Property Entropy Value InstanceshasFlavor 0.918434 Moderate 28
Strong 15Delicate 10
hasSugar 0.556416 Dry 43Sweet 6OffDry 4
Wine (Wine Ontology)
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InteractionObject-Action
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InteractionObject-Action
• Given a resource (object)…determine available services (actions)
• Services descriptions:– endPoint: service location– hasInput: ASK SPARQL Query Template
• Service applicable to any resource ASK is true
– hasOutput: output content type
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InteractionObject-Action
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Conclusions
• Navigation menus – dataset classes (topics) overview
• Facets – per class properties and values overview, filter
• Details – Generic view (HTML) + specific (map, timeline…)
• Users build queries without SPARQL or dataset structure knowledge
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Future Work
• Facets: – type dependent facets (number ranges, dates,…),
inverse properties, facets for facet values,…
• Other IA components: sitemap, breadcrumbs,…
• Assisted metadata edition– Recommend properties and values based on
available ontologies and values
• More interaction services– Calendar– Plot…
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Thank you for your attention
More details: http://rhizomik.net/rhizomer
Contact: Roberto Garcia ([email protected])
HCI & Data Integration Research GroupUniversitat de Lleida, Spain