publication year: 2017icu2017/20171205_icu_abstract... · congress devoted to ultrasound, was...

Publication Year: 2017

Copyright © 2017 ICU Honolulu and Acoustical Society of Korea

2017 ICU Honolulu, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and the Acoustical Society ofKorea shall not be liable for personal injury or damage to property or damage caused by the use, manipulation, negligence or other methods of materials, products, guidelines or ideas contained herein.

ISBN 979-11-5610-347-9 (95500)

Aloha! Greetings from Hawai’i!We are pleased to invite you to the International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU), which will be held in Honolulu Hawaii on December 18 - 20, 2017. This Congress brings together multidisciplinary subjects on all aspects of Ultrasonics and will lead us into the future of “Eco-sound.”

The allure of Hawai`i is well known. However, few understand how deeply Aloha can energize our lives and renew our spirit. Come and join in the discussion on what’s being accomplished in our respective specialties. Relax your body but reinvigorate your mind as we all learn what role we can play in shaping our society.

Our Congress success will rely on how well the Aloha spirit will make an extraordinary experience for all who attend.

We welcome you in Waikiki, a paradise of “Green Sound.”

Suk Wang YoonPresidentInternational Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU) /General Chair2017 ICU Honolulu

About the International Congress on UltrasonicsThe International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU) was constituted in 2005 as the result of the merger of two existing international Congresses: The World Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU) and Ultrasonics International (UI). The ICU is currently an international affiliated member of the International Commission for Acoustics (ICA), the parent organization of many national and regional acoustical societies.

The history of the ICU, as the merger of the two previous Congresses on ultrasound, is relatively short. However, the history of the two Congresses integrating ICU, is much longer: the UI started in the 1960s and the WCU started in 1993. UI, the first international congress devoted to ultrasound, was linked to the journal “Ultrasonics” created by the group Butterworth-Heinemann in England and later acquired by the well-known publisher Elsevier. The WCU was created in 1993, as an independent world congress, by a group of ultrasound scientists from several countries. The third WCU was held in Lyngby, Denmark jointly with the UI. This meeting was a first attempt towards a merger of WCU and UI. Finally, the last WCU meeting, again jointly with UI, was held in Beijing, China in 2005. This meeting marked the starting point of the definitive merger of both Congresses into the present ICU.

In fact, the first 2007 ICU Vienna was held at the Vienna University of Technology, Austria, the second 2009 ICU Santiago in Chile, the third 2011 ICU in Gdansk, Poland, and the fourth 2013 ICU was held in Singapore. In 2015 the fifth ICU was held in Metz, France. The sixth ICU will be held in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A for December 18 –20, 2017.

About the Hosting Organizations

The Acoustical Society of Korea

Since the Acoustical Society of Korea (ASK) was formed in 1981, it has been healthily grown in membership and in stature. The present ASK membership is over 3,000 members in academia and industries, who work as leaders in Acoustics in the world as well as in Korea.

Important roles of ASK have been to publish the Journal of Acoustical Society of Korea (JASK) bimonthly, and to hold two annual meetings in May and November. The JASK is accredited as a Korea Citation Index Journal by Korea National Research Foundation. Papers are published in the 12 technical categories: Acoustic Signal Processing, Acoustic Communication, Electroacoustics, Psychological and Music Acoustics, New Media Research, Underwater Acoustics, Physical Acoustics, Bioacoustics, Ultrasonics, Architectural Acoustics, Structural Acoustics, and Linguistics.

The ASK annually holds underwater acoustics conference, acoustic signal processing conference, and architectural sound workshops, and also grants hearing-aid expert certification system. The Society recognizes distinguished achievement in acoustics by a series of awards: Emile Grand Award, Emile Technical Award, Best Paper Award, B&K Student Award, and ASK President Citation.

University of Hawaii at Manoa

Nestled in idyllic Mānoa Valley in Honolulu, Hawai‘i, the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (UHM) is a leading center for higher learning throughout the Pacific Rim.

UHM is one of the 115 “R1: Research Universities”, considered the top tier in the nation, and one of a handful of land-, sea- and space-grant institutions. It is a global leader in earth and environmental sciences, consistently ranked among the top 15 universities internationally, ahead of some of the world’s most prestigious schools. Our researchers provide world class expertise to local leaders on important issues including sustainability, climate, food systems, and Hawai‘i’s unique health issues.

Currently, the University has an enrollment of over 18,000, and more specifically, the College of Engineering (CoE) supports more than 1500 active students. Since classes began over a century ago in 1908, engineering has played an integral role in the institution’s curriculum. It remains so today. The College offers BS, MS, and PhD degrees in three major areas of intensive study including Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering. It also offers a BS in Computer Engineering.

As College’s vision states, “The College of Engineering is dedicated to world-class education and research, producing the entrepreneurial and innovative human and intellectual capital required to be competitive in an ever-increasing technological and global society. Through our graduates and our research, we provide people and discoveries to transform lives and to support vibrant, knowledge-based economies. We are inspired by the principles of sustainability and resilience, flavored by our unique island environment.”, the UHM CoE will maintain its unique identity!

2017 ICU Honolulu Committees

Executive Committee

Suk Wang Yoon, Ph.D.President, International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU)General Chair, 2017 ICU HonoluluProfessor of PhysicsSungKyunKwan UniversityRepublic of Korea

Song K. Choi, Ph.D.Secretary General, 2017 ICU HonoluluAssistant Dean, College of EngineeringUniversity of Hawaii, ManoaU.S.A.

Kendall H. KidoCoordinator, 2017 ICU HonoluluU.S.A.

Hwi Suk KangDepartment of PhysicsSungKyunKwan UniversityRepublic of Korea

Wan-Gu KimDepartment of PhysicsSungKyunKwan UniversityRepublic of Korea

Changgun Song Department of PhysicsSungKyunKwan UniversityRepublic of Korea

Technical CommitteeCo-ChairThomas J. Matula, Ph.D.DirectorCenter for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound (CIMU)Applied Physics LaboratoryUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98105, U.S.A.

Representative of EuropeBadreddine Assouar, Ph.D.Research ScientistInstitut Jean LamourUniversité de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

Hideyuki Nomura, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorDepartment of Communication Engineering and Informatics University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo, Japan

Co-ChairYoshiaki Watanabe, Ph.D.Professor, Deptartment of Biomedical InformationFaculty of Life and Medical SciencesDoshisha UniversityKyoto, Japan

Kang Il Lee, Ph.D.ProfessorDepartment of PhysicsKangwon National UniversityChuncheon, Republic of Korea

Jin Ho Chang, Ph.D.Associate Professor,Department of Electric Engineering / Biomedical Engineering,Sogang UniversitySeoul, Republic of Korea

International Organizing CommitteeLeonard Bond, U.S.A.Younho Cho, KoreaLarry Crum, U.S.A.Marc Dechamps, FranceNico Declercq, BelgiumJürg Dual, SwitzerlandArthur G. Every, South AfricaLuis Gaete-Garreton, ChileVitalyi Gusev, FranceSigrun Hirsekorn, GermanyHiroshi Kanai, Japan

Pascal Laugier, FrancePeter A. Lewin, U.S.A.Bogumil Linde, PolandKentaro Nakamura, JapanMichiel Postema, NorwayStefan Radel, AustriaEnrique Riera, SpainWolfgang Sachse, U.S.A.Xiuming Wang, ChinaJens E. Wilhjelm, Denmark

Session Organizers and Chairs

I. Akiyama, JapanB. Assouar, FranceJ. Allen, U.S.A.K. Baik, KoreaF. Balle, GermanyN. Boechler, U.S.A.L. J. Bond, U.S.A.J. H. Chang, KoreaP. Chitnis, U.S.A.Y. Cho, KoreaJ. W. Choi, KoreaJ. Christensen, SpainC. C. Coussios, UKL. A. Crum, U.S.A.N. F. Declercq, FranceC. L. De Korte, NetherlandsB. Djafari-Rouhani, FranceA. Every, South AfricaA. Feeney, UKL. Gaete-Garreton, ChileM. R. Haberman, U.S.A.C.-C Huang, TaiwanH. Hasegawa, JapanB. Helfield, CanadaH. Hu, ChinaN. Hu, ChinaJ. Y. Hwang, KoreaY. Y. Kim, KoreaK. Kim, U.S.A.V. A. Khokhlova, RussiaV. Laude, France

L. Le, U.S.A.K. I. Lee, KoreaB. Liang, ChinaT. J. Matula, U.S.A.O. Matsuda, JapanA. Maznev, U.S.A.A. Merkel, SpainF. Muenzel, GermanyH. Nagata, JapanH. Nomura, JapanK. Nakamura, JapanY. Ohara, JapanY. Pennec, FranceI. Park, KoreaZ. Su, Hong KongO. A. Sapozhnikov, RussiaS.-I. Sakamoto, JapanK. M. Tant, UKV. Tournat, FranceS.-I. Umemura, JapanM. Versluis, NetherlandsJ. Wang, ChinaX. Wang, ChinaY.-S. Wang, ChinaO. B. Wright, JapanY. Watanabe, JapanK. A. Wear, U.S.A.X. Xie, ChinaA. C. Yu, CanadaC. Yang, U.S.A.X. Zou, China

AcknowledgementsWe would like express our special thanks and gratitude to our session organizers, plenary lecturers and invited speakers as well as to the conference participants whose continued support has allowed us the opportunity to hold the International Congress on Ultrasonics here in Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A.

The online service DC/ConfOrg for 2017 ICU Honolulu has been made possible with the help of Didier Cassereau. We appreciate his dedicated service.

Plenary Lectures

1. “The Best Short Range Active Sonar System on this Planet:the Ultrasonic Sonar of Dolphins”Plenary Speaker: W. AuEmeritus Research ProfessorHawai`i Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of Hawai`i at ManoaU.S.A.

2. “Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures”Plenary Speaker: P. ShengDr William M W Mong Chair Professor of NanoscienceDepartment of PhysicsHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyChina

304A

305B

306

307A

307B

308A

308B

309

8:00

Aco

ustic

Fl

uidi

cs

Und

erw

ater

N

etw

ork

Com

mun

icatio

nsan

d D

etec

tion

Opt

omec

hani

cal

Stru

ctur

es

and

Opt

o-ac

oust

ics

Bub

bles

an

d C

avita

tion

1

10:0

0Pl

enar

y L

ectu

re 1

11:0

0A

cous

tic

Phon

onic

C

ryst

als 1

Aco

ustic

N

onde

stru

ctiv

e E

valu

atio

n an

d Te

chno

logy

1

BAW

and

SAW

R

eson

ator

s an

d A

pplic

atio

ns

Eng

inee

ring

A

pplic

atio

ns o

f Po

wer

U

ltras

onic

s

Ultr

asou

nd

Sign

al a

nd

Imag

e Pr

oces

sing

Aco

ustic

san

d C

ells

13:0

0A

cous

tic a

nd

Ela

stic

M

etam

ater

ials

1

Gui

ded

Wav

es

and

The

ir

App

licat

ions

in

ND

E 1

Aco

ustic

M

odel

ing

of

Soun

d Fi

elds

in

Com

plex

E

nvir

onm

ents

Ultr

asou

nd in

In

dust

rial

Pr

oces

sing

an

d M

ater

ial

Eng

inee

ring

Ultr

asou

nd

Ela

stic

ity

Imag

ing

and

Bio

med

ical

A

pplic

atio

ns1

Adv

ance

s in

Bio

med

ical

U

ltras

ound

15:0

0A

utho

rs’

Wor

ksho

p

18 D

ecem

ber

2017

304A

305B

306

307A

307B

308A

308B

309

8:00

Aco

ustic

and

E

last

ic

Met

amat

eria

ls2

Lin

ear

and

Non

linea

rG

ranu

lar

Met

amat

eria

ls

and

Dev

ices

App

licat

ions

of

Non

linea

r A

cous

tics t

o M

easu

rem

ents

an

d Im

agin

g

Nov

el S

enso

rs

and

Act

uato

rs

Ultr

asou

ndin

Air

Bub

bles

and

Cav

itatio

n 2

Life

at t

he

Inte

rsec

tion

of

Lig

ht a

nd S

ound

10:0

0Pl

enar

yL

ectu

re 2

11:0

0A

cous

tic

Phon

onic

C

ryst

als 2

Gui

ded

Wav

es

and

The

ir

App

licat

ions

in

ND

E 2

Res

ervo

ir

Aco

ustic

s an

d B

oreh

ole

Aco

ustic

L

oggi

ng 1

Ultr

ason

ic

Mot

ors,

Act

uato

rs,

and

Sens

ors

Pico

seco

nd

Las

er

Ultr

ason

ics 1

Hig

h-fr

ame

Rat

e U

ltras

ound

Im

agin

g an

d A

pplic

atio

ns

Safe

ty o

f U

ltras

ound

Ultr

ason

ic B

one

Cha

ract

eriz

atio

n

13:0

0A

cous

tic a

nd

Ela

stic

M

etam

ater

ials

3

Aco

ustic

N

onde

stru

ctiv

e E

valu

atio

n an

d Te

chno

logy

2

The

rmo-

acou

stic

s

Gui

ded

Wav

es

in P

hysi

cal

Aco

ustic

s

Ultr

ason

ic

Cav

itatio

n fo

r T

hera

py

Ultr

asou

nd

Ela

stic

ity Im

agin

g an

d B

iom

edic

al

App

licat

ions

2

15:0

0M

emor

ial

Sess

ion

for

Lei

f Bjø

rnø

Post

er S

essi

on

19 D

ecem

ber

2017

304A

305B

306

307A

307B

308A

308B

309

8:00

Aco

ustic

an

d E

last

ic

Met

amat

eria

ls 4

Aco

ustic

N

onde

stru

ctiv

e E

valu

atio

n an

dTe

chno

logy

3

Res

ervo

ir

Aco

ustic

s and

B

oreh

ole

Aco

ustic

L

oggi

ng 2

Pico

seco

nd

Las

er

Ultr

ason

ics 2

Hig

h-fr

eque

ncy

Ultr

asou

nd

and

Cel

l Im

agin

g

11:0

0A

cous

tic

Phon

onic

C

ryst

als 3

Gui

ded

Wav

es

and

The

ir

App

licat

ions

in

ND

E 3

Aco

ustic

M

etas

urfa

ces

and

Topo

logi

cal

Met

amat

eria

ls

Bub

bles

an

d C

avita

tion

3

Ultr

ason

ic

Tran

sduc

ers

for

Imag

ing

and

The

rapy

13:0

0C

losi

ng

Cer

emon

y

15:0

0

20 D

ecem

ber

2017

Abstract book 2017 ICU Honolulu 1

Table of ContentsAuthor speaker is underlined.

Invited paper is marked ∗.

Monday 18 December 2017

Plenary Lecture 1Room: 306

Time: 10:00

Chair: S. W. Yoon

10:00 The best sonar system on this planet: the ultrasonic sonar of dolphins∗ 23W. Au

Acoustic FluidicsRoom: 304A

Time: 8:00

Chair: V. A. Khokhlova

8:00 Spreading of Water Drop On a Vibrating Surface 23N. Candia Munoz, L. Gaete-Garreton, Y. Vargas-Hernandez and J. Meneses-Dıaz

8:15 Measurement and Simulation of Acoustic Radiation Force from Focused Ultra-sound Beam Acting on a Spherical Scatterer in Water

24

M. M. Karzova, A. V. Nikolaeva, S. A. Tsysar, V. A. Khokhlova and O. A. Sapozhnikov

8:30 Elucidating the Mechanism of Paracetamol Sonocrystallization for Product Pu-rity Enhancement

24

C. Forbes, T. T. Nguyen, R. L. Leary and C. J. Price

8:45 Recent Advances and Opportunities of Mechanical Metamaterials 25E. G. Karpov and L. A. Danso

Bubbles and Cavitation 1Room: 308B

Time: 8:00

Chair: T. J. Matula, M. Versluis

8:00 Lipid Intermolecular Forces and Microbubble Resonance∗ 25M. Borden

8:25 High-Precision Acoustic Measurements of the Nonlinear Dilatational Elasticityof Phospholipid-Coated Monodisperse Microbubbles∗

25

T. Segers, E. Gaud, M. Versluis and P. Frinking

8:50 Propagation of ultrasound through a microbubble population: Effect of ultra-sound pressure, frequency, microbubble concentration and lipid shell properties∗

26

A. Jafarisojahrood, Q. Li, H. Haghi, R. Karshafian, T. M. Porter and M. C. Kolios

Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acousticsRoom: 307B

Time: 8:00

Chair: J. Wang

8:00 Proposal for optical beam-steering with optomechanical antennas on a siliconchip∗

26

R. Van Laer, C. J. Sarabalis and A. H. Safavi-Naeini

2 2017 ICU Honolulu Abstract book

8:25 Non-reciprocal and chiral acoustics in optomechanical systems∗ 27G. Bahl

8:50 Dissipative optomechanical cooling of a glass-fiber nanospike coupled to a bottleresonator

27

R. Pennetta, S. Xie, R. Zeltner and P. S. J. Russell

9:05 Doubly-resonant nanostructure for enhanced acousto-optical modulation 27V. Laude, A. Belkhir, M. Addouche, S. Benchabane, A. Khelif and F. I. Baida

9:20 Propagation of Elastic Waves along 1D Phononic Crystal Nanowalls 28Y. Pennec, A. Gueddida, E. Alonso-Redondo, E. H. El Boudouti, S. Yang, G. Fytas and B.Djafari-Rouhani

Underwater Network Communications and DetectionRoom: 305B

Time: 8:00

Chair: J. W. Choi

8:00 Range measurement of active underwater source using Doppler frequency esti-mation

28

W.-J. Park, K.-M. Kim, M.-S. Han and J.-Y. Choi

8:15 Long-range Underwater Acoustic Communications in the East Sea of Korea 29H. Kim, S. Kim, K.-H. Choi and J. W. Choi

8:30 Optimal deployment of vector sensor nodes based on Performance Surface ofunderwater acoustic communication

29

S. Kim and J. W. Choi

8:45 Analysis of Passive Time-reversal Communication Performance in Shallow Wa-ter with Underwater Sound Channel Axis

30

K.-H. Choi, S. Kim and J. W. Choi

9:00 Acoustical Inversion Method using Cepstrum Analysis of Underwater Ship Noise 30C. S. Park, G.-D. Kim, G.-T. Yim and H. Ahn

Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1Room: 305B

Time: 11:00

Chair: L. J. Bond

11:00 Development of a Numerical Test Bed for Ultrasonic Inspection of Highly Re-inforced Concrete∗

30

M. T. Baquera and L. J. Bond

11:25 Quality-factor and frequency shifts of suspended Ge membranes 31L. Zhou, G. Colston, O. Trushkevych, M. Myronov, D. Leadley and R. S. Edwards

11:40 Enhanced surface defect detection using focused electromagnetic acoustic trans-ducers (EMATs)

31

C. B. Thring, S. Hill, W. E. Somerset, A. Feeney and R. S. Edwards

11:55 FEM Study of Grain Size Evaluation in Polycrystalline Materials 32Z. Youxuan, N. Hu and J. Qu

12:10 Laser-induced ultrasound imaging for evaluation of temperature fields in paratel-lurite optical crystal

32

V. P. Zarubin, K. B. Yushkov, A. I. Chizhikov, V. Y. Molchanov, S. A. Tretiakov, A. I.Kolesnikov, E. B. Cherepetskaya and A. A. Karabutov


12:25 Experimental Evaluation of Impact Damage in an Adhesive Bonding Using Non-linear Ultrasonic Method

33

G. Shui and Y.-S. Wang

12:40 Ultrasonic NDT and In-situ Acoustic Flow Control of Residual Stress 33C. Xu

Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1Room: 304A

Time: 11:00

Chair: Y. Pennec

11:00 Non-hermitian valley states in artificial acoustic meta-crystals∗ 33J. Christensen

11:25 Acoustic Topological States 34C. He, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen

11:40 Some Novel Effects of Phononic Crystals for Surface Acoustic Waves 34S.-Y. Yu, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. Chen

Acoustics and CellsRoom: 309

Time: 11:00

Chair: A. C. Yu

11:00 High-frequency ultrasound microbeam techniques: from cell manipulation tophyenotyping∗

34

J. Y. Hwang

11:25 Simple evaluation method of acoustic trapping performance by tracking motionof trapped microparticle

35

C. Yoon and H.G. Lim

11:40 Enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Using Cavitation Bub-bles for Sonodynamic Treatment

35

S. Nishitaka, D. Mashiko, R. Iwasaki, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura

11:55 Cetuximab coated albumin nanobubbles for enhanced cell killing and apoptosisof oral squamous carcinoma cells

36

A. Watanabe, H. Sheng, K. Narihira, S. Kondo, T. Kikuta and K. Tachibana

12:10 Dynamics of Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Induced Sonoporation on Single cell 36Y. Feng

BAW and SAW Resonators and ApplicationsRoom: 307B

Time: 11:00

Chair: V. Laude

11:00 Recent Progress on Quartz Crystal Resonators for Frequency Control Applica-tions∗

36

M.-C. Chao and J. Wang

11:25 Optimal Orientations of Quartz Crystals for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonatorswith the Consideration of Thermal Properties

37

J. Wang, L. Zhang, L. Xie, H. Huang, M. Ma, J. Du, M.-C. Chao, S. Shen and R. Wu

11:40 Acoustofluidic Multibody Simulations of Hydrodynamically and AcousticallyInteracting Particles Beyond the Rayleigh Limit

37

T. Baasch and J. Dual


11:55 Enhanced ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties in La modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ceramics prepared by tape casting

38

S. Shen, J. Chen and J. Cheng

12:10 Theoretical and experimental study of c-axis-tilted ScAlN / sapphire for SAWdevices with high electromechanical coupling

38

S. Tokuda, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani

Engineering Applications of Power UltrasonicsRoom: 308A

Time: 11:00

Chair: F. Balle

11:00 Ultrasonic Joining of Hybrid Materials and Structures for Engineering Applica-tions∗

38

F. Balle

11:25 Ultrasonic Complex Vibration Welding Systems Using Two- dimensional Vibra-tion Stress -Ultrasonic welding using various welding tips -

39

J. Tsujino

11:40 Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ozone Treatment on Oil Recovery Wastewaterfrom Polymer Flooding

39

W. Song, S. Yu, L. Zhang and W. Wang

11:55 Dynamic Characteristics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers 40A. Feeney, L. Kang, G. Rowlands and S. Dixon

Ultrasound Signal and Image ProcessingRoom: 308B

Time: 11:00

Chair: J. H. Chang

11:00 Simultaneous Enhancement of B-Mode Axial and Lateral Resolution using AxialDeconvolution

40

A. Makra, G. Csany, K. Szalai and M. Gyongy

11:15 Development of skin thickness measurement algorithm for HIFU treatment guid-ance

41

E.-J. Shin, J. Lee and J. H. Chang

11:30 Reconstruction of wavespeed maps using seismic full waveform inversion 41E. Bachmann and J. Tromp

11:45 Evaluation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Normal and Myocardial Infarction HeartsUsing Echodynamography

41

S. Oktamuliani, K. Hasegawa and Y. Saijo

12:00 Two-dimensional Blood Flow Vectors Obtained with a Single Sector Probe 42M. Maeda, R. Nagaoka, S. Yaegashi, H. Ikeda and Y. Saijo

12:15 Effects of flow velocities on the pressure wave using a blood vessel mimickingtube

42

F. Iwase, S.-Y. Shimada and M. Matsukawa


Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1Room: 304A

Time: 13:00

Chair: B. Assouar

13:00 Discovery of Transmodal Fabry-Perot Resonance for Elastic Wave Mode Con-version∗

43

Y. Y. Kim, J. M. Kweun and X. Yang

13:25 Elastic waves in tunable acoustic metamaterials by active control 43Y.-Z. Wang and Y.-S. Wang

13:40 Elastic wave lens and mirror concepts for enhanced energy harvesting 43S. Tol, L. Degertekin and A. Erturk

13:55 Stress wave mitigation and filtering via origami-based metamaterials 44H. Yasuda and J. Yang

14:10 Elastic Metamaterial for Vibration Shielding at Broad Low Frequencies 44J. H. Oh, S. Qi, Y. Y. Kim and B. Assouar

Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex EnvironmentsRoom: 307B

Time: 13:00

Chair: N. F. Declercq

13:00 Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of complex media - case studies∗ 44N. F. Declercq, L. Chehami, P. Pomarede, F. Meraghni, E. Ahmed Mohammed and O.Ez-Zahraouy

13:25 Ultrasound field simulation in crystal-based acousto-optic devices 45S. N. Mantsevich, V. I. Balakshy, K. B. Yushkov and V. Y. Molchanov

13:40 Grain Shape Dependent Coherent Wave Attenuation in Heterogeneous Media 45M. Ryzy, T. Grabec and I. A. Veres

13:55 Additively Manufactured Acoustic Diffuser Structures for Ultrasonic Applica-tions

46

L. Claes, H. Zeipert, P. Koppa, T. Troster and B. Henning

14:10 Experiments and Simulations of the Standing Wave Acoustic Field Produced byTwo Transducers Mounted in Contraposition

46

H. Dong, L. Jia, Y. Guan and J. Zhao

Advances in Biomedical UltrasoundRoom: 309

Time: 13:00

Chair: J. Allen, C.-C. Huang

13:00 3D Blood vessel mapping for small animal using high frequency ultrafast DopplerImaging∗

47

C.-C. Huang

13:25 Estimation of the linear displacement and rotation movement of the extensordigitorum communis tendon based on ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imag-ing

47

C.-C. Huang, M.-Y. Wang and P.-Y. Chen

13:40 Instantaneous Frequency and Phase of Coupled Microbubble Oscillations 48J. Allen and R. Hayashi


13:55 A Stippling Algorithm to Generate Equivalent Point Scatterer Distributionsfrom Ultrasound Images

48

K. Fuzesi, A. Makra and M. Gyongy

14:10 A Low-Cost Portable Ultrasound System for Skin Diagnosis 48G. Csany, K. Szalai, K. Fuzesi and M. Gyongy

14:25 A smart-phone Based Portable Ultrasound Imaging system for Point-Of-Careapplications

49

S. Yeo, J. H. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kye, Y. Lee and T.-K. Song

Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1Room: 305B

Time: 13:00

Chair: N. Hu, Z. Su

13:00 In-situ Health Monitoring of Space Structures Under Hypervelocity Impact:Hybrid Use of Passive Acoustic Emission and Active Nonlinear Guided Waves∗

49

Z. Su

13:25 Guided wave propagation characteristics in two layers cylindrical porousmedium -containing half-space structure

49

H. Qingbang

13:40 An improved two-stage rapid reconstruction scheme for Lamb wave tomography 50Y. Liu, S. Qin, X. Liu and N. Hu

13:55 A High-sensitivity and Fast-response Nanocomposites-inspired Sensor forAcousto-ultrasonics-based Structural Health Monitoring

50

Y. Liao, F. Duan, L. Zhou and Z. Su

14:10 Optical Visualization of Leaky Lamb Wave and Its Application in Nondestruc-tive Testing

51

Z. An, Z. Hu, J. Mao, G. Lian and X. Wang

14:25 Flow Imaging of Metallic Melts through a Multimode Waveguide 51R. Nauber, M. Kalibatas and J. Czarske

14:40 Modelling Guided Waves in Layered Media Materials Using the State-vectorFormalism and Legendre Polynomial Method

51

Y. Lu, J. Gao, G. R. Song, B. Wu and C. F. He

Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1Room: 308B

Time: 13:00

Chair: K. Kim

13:00 Advances in Optical Coherence Elastography∗ 52Z. Chen

13:25 Elastography of ocular tissues using acoustic radiation force and optical meth-ods∗

52

S. Aglyamov

13:50 New Multi-Physics Strategies to Induce Shear Waves in Soft Tissues for Me-chanical Assessment of Tissue Properties∗

52

G. Cloutier, P. Grasland-Mongrain, F. Lesage and S. Catheline

14:15 Shear Wave Propagation Imaging by Color Doppler Shear Wave Elastography 53Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamazaki and K. Taniuchi

14:30 The Role of Shear Waves in the Generation of the Radiation Force on an ElasticSphere in a Liquid by a Quasi-Gaussian Acoustic Beam

53

O. A. Sapozhnikov, A. V. Nikolaeva and M. R. Bailey


Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material EngineeringRoom: 308A

Time: 13:00

Chair: L. Gaete-Garreton, H. Nagata

13:00 High-Power Piezoelectric Characteristics of Bi-based Lead- free PiezoelectricCeramics

54

H. Nagata

13:15 Atomization Threshold in a Layer of Distilled Water under Vertical Vibrations 54L. Gaete-Garreton, Y. Vargas-Hernandez, J. Meneses-Dıaz and B. B. Lagos-Farfan

13:30 Experimental Study of Aging Oil Viscosity Reduction Caused by Ultrasound 55J. Qiao, W. Song, W. Wang, X. Yuan and L. Li

13:45 Experimental study of ultrasound-assisted cyanide leaching of gold 55X. Yu, S. Yu, X. Yuan, W. Wang and W. Song

14:00 Ultrasonic metal welding changing the shape of vibration locus by ultrasoniccomplex vibration source

55

Y. Tamada, T. Asami and H. Miura

14:15 Development of ultrasonic complex vibration source using square prism rod withdiagonal slits

56

T. Asami and H. Miura

14:30 Closed Loop Control of Cavitation - A Sonomechatronic Approach 56J. Twiefel and K.-A. Saalbach

Authors’ WorkshopRoom: 304ATime: 15:00Chair: A. Every, F. Muenzel

Tuesday 19 December 2017

Plenary Lecture 2Room: 306

Time: 10:00

Chair: B. Assouar

10:00 Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures∗ 57P. Sheng


Time: 8:00

Chair: B. Assouar

8:00 Acoustic Topological States in Topological Phononic Crystals∗ 57Y.-F. Chen, C. He, M.-H. Lu and X. Ni

8:25 Tunable Manipulation of Lamb Waves in Fluid-Solid Phononic Slabs 58Y.-F. Wang, Y.-S. Wang and V. Laude

8:40 Reprogrammable phononic metamaterial 58O. Bilal, A. Foehr and C. Daraio


8:55 Bifurcation of avoided crossings in the dispersion of sound and light in locallyresonant media

58

A. Maznev

9:10 Scattering Properties and Fano Resonances in a Pillared Metasurface 59Y. Pennec, Y. Jin and B. Djafari-Rouhani

Applications of Nonlinear Acoustics to Measurements and ImagingRoom: 307A

Time: 8:00

Chair: H. Nomura, Y. Ohara

8:00 Nonlinear ultrasonic phased array for closed crack imaging∗ 59Y. Ohara

8:25 Application of Parametric Ultrasound to Low-frequency Acoustic Imaging∗ 59H. Nomura

8:50 Harmonic Imaging of Multiple Defects in Solid Material by Aerial UltrasonicBeam

60

Y. Mukaiyama, A. Osumi and Y. Ito

9:05 Non-contact Harmonic Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Surface Propertiesof Mortar Having Fire Damage

60

T. Saito, A. Osumi and Y. Ito

9:20 A Novel Sensitivity Matrix Construction Method FOR Ultrasonic Tomography 60N. Li, K. Xu and J. Jiao


Time: 8:00

Chair: C. C. Coussios, M. Versluis

8:00 Acoustic cavitation from nanocups∗ 61J. Kwan, G. Lajoinie, N. De Jong, E. Stride, M. Versluis and C. C. Coussios

8:25 Non-spherical bubble oscillations drive the ultrasound-mediated release fromtargeted microbubbles∗

61

M. Versluis

8:50 Multibubble Sonoluminescence and Bubble Dynamics in Glycerol-water Mix-tures

62

P.-K. Choi and M. Ban

9:05 Water-Molecular Emission from Acoustic Bubbles under Electric Fields 62H.-B. Lee and P.-K. Choi

Life at the Intersection of Light and SoundRoom: 309

Time: 8:00

Chair: X. Wang, C. Yang

8:00 Photoacoustic tissue characterization toward potential in vivo biopsy∗ 62X. Wang

8:25 Fast Time Reversal Ultrasound Encoded Optical Focusing for Deep Brain Op-togenetic Activation∗

63

C. Yang

8:50 Transcranial transmission of shock waves by a Laser-generated Carbon NanoTube transducer

63

M. Lee, D.-G. Paeng, K. Ha and M. J. Choi


9:05 Three-dimensional Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Combined Microscope forImaging of Skin Micro Vasculature

64

Y. Saijo, R. Nagaoka, H. Iwazaki, T. Omuro, T. Ida, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura

9:20 Identification of prostate cancer in ex vivo human prostates by photoacousticphysio-chemical analysis

64

Y. Chen, Y. Qin, J. Pan, S. Huang, C. Xu, D. Wu, T. Feng, J. Yuan, X. Wang, G. Xu andQ. Cheng

9:35 Carbon Nanotubes as Potential Candidate for Photoacoustic Imaging ContrastAgent

65

S. Siregar, R. Nagaoka and Y. Saijo

Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and DevicesRoom: 305BTime: 8:00Chair: V. Gusev, V. Tournat

8:00 Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nonlinear Phenomena in MicroscaleGranular Media via Laser Ultrasonics∗

65

N. Boechler

8:25 Polydispersed Granular Chains: From Long-lived Chaotic Anderson-like Local-ization to Energy Equipartition

66

V. Achilleos, G. Theocharis and C. Skokos

8:40 Vibrational Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Micro-granular Crystal Studied viaLaser-induced Transient Gratings

66

A. Vega-Flick, R. A. Duncan, S. P. Wallen, N. Boechler, C. Stelling, M. Retsch, J.-J.Alvarado-Gil, K. A. Nelson and A. Maznev

8:55 Strongly nonlinear hysteretic propagation of torsional waves in a granular chain 66A. Cebrecos, P. Bequin, G. Theocharis, V. E. Gusev and V. Tournat

9:10 Tuning the Vibrational Response of Microscale Granular Crystals via Manipu-lation of Nanoscale Contact Features

67

M. Abi Ghanem, A. Khanolkar, J. Eliason, A. Maznev, N. Vogel and N. Boechler

Novel Sensors and ActuatorsRoom: 307B

Time: 8:00

Chair: K. Baik

8:00 Densely packed semi-random spherical array transducer to su-ppress gratinglobe levels in real-time photoacoustic imaging

67

S.-I. Umemura, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and Y. Saijo

8:15 The Effect of Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure on the Performance of Ultrasonic SoftTissue Cutting Tips

68

M. Wilkie and M. Lucas

8:30 Ultrasonically assisted cutting blades for large bone surgeries 68D. Richards and M. Lucas

8:45 Focusing of ultrasound using flat piston transducer and Fresnel Zone Plate forMedical Imaging

69

K. Baik, S. Kim, Y. T. Kim, I. Doh, J. Hyun and H. J. Lee

9:00 Kerfless Phased Array Using Sol-Gel Composite Spraying Technique 69M. Tanabe, M. Kobaysahi, K. Nakatsuma and M. Nishimoto

9:15 Wide-band Design of Diaphragm pMUT based on Induction of Strain in FilmThickness Direction by Aspect Ratio Control

69

Y. Ishiguro, N. Tagawa and T. Okubo


Ultrasound in AirRoom: 308A

Time: 8:00

Chair: K. Nakamura

8:00 Ultrasonic Characterization of Noodle Dough for the Development of Air-coupled Ultrasound On-line Quality Control During Production

70

R.-M. Guillermic, S. O. Kerherve, H. Wang, A. Strybulevych, D. W. Hatcher, M. G. Scanlonand J. H. Page

8:15 Directivity of a circular transverse vibrating plate type aerial ultrasonic sourcewith a truncated cone shaped reflective plate

70

H. Yoshino, T. Asami and H. Miura

8:30 Analysis of Vertical Sound Image Control with Parametric Loudspeakers 71S. Aoki, K. Shimizu and K. Itou

8:45 Divergence control of ultrasonic sound waves generated by a parametric speaker 71Y. Matsui, M. Oi, G. Cheng, X. Wu and H. Furuhashi


Time: 11:00

Chair: Y.-S. Wang

11:00 Effect of diffraction modes on acoustic bandgap formation in two-dimensionalphononic crystal in water

72

H. S. Kang, W.-G. Kim, S. W. Yoon and K. I. Lee

11:15 Guided Elastic Waves in Nanoscaled 1D Piezoelectric Phononic Crystals 72A. Chen, D.-J. Yan and Y.-S. Wang

11:30 Ceramic Phononic Crystals with MHz-range Frequency Band Gaps 72M. Koller, A. Kruisova, H. Seiner, P. Sedlak, M. Landa, B. Roman-Manso, P. Miranzo, M.Belmonte and T. Grabec


Time: 11:00

Chair: O. A. Sapozhnikov

11:00 Application of Improved Orthogonal Polynomial Expansion Method in Calcu-lating Dispersion Curves on Layered Semi-infinite Structure

73

G. R. Song, M. K. Liu, Y. Lu, B. Wu and C. F. He

11:15 Acoustic Delay-Lines Based on Wedge Waves 73C.-H. Yang and P.-H. Tung

11:30 Non-Contact Monitoring of Fatigue Damage in Metallic Plates Using Laser-Generated Zero-Group Velocity Lamb Waves

73

G. Yan, S. Raetz, N. Chigarev, V. E. Gusev and V. Tournat

11:45 Phased Waveguide Array for Ultrasonic Imaging in Aggressive Liquids 74S. A. Tsysar, S. A. Petrosyan, V. D. Svet and O. A. Sapozhnikov

12:00 Characterization of Micro-crack Evolution Using Nonlinear Lamb Waves 74C. Ma, W. Zhu, Y. Xiang, M. Deng and H. Zhang

12:15 Guided Wave Inspection for Rail Foot Using Piezoelectric Probe 75R. Lin, Y. Wen, Y. Ma and H. Ma


12:30 Finite Element Modeling of Microcrack Detection in Plate by Nonlinear LambWaves

75

Y. Liu, S. Ma and H. Zhang

High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and ApplicationsRoom: 308A

Time: 11:00

Chair: C. L. De Korte, H. Hasegawa

11:00 High frame-rate carotid ultrasound imaging∗ 76H. H. Hansen, S. Fekkes, A. E. Saris, P. Van Lochem and C. L. De Korte

11:25 Vector Projectile Imaging (VPI): Dynamic Flow Visualization Using High FrameRate Ultrasound∗

76

A. C. Yu

11:50 Adaptive Beamformer with Phase Coherence Weighting Applied to UltrafastUltrasound∗

76

H. Hasegawa and M. Mozumi

12:15 Computationally Efficient Super Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Based on Mul-tiple Transmission/Reception with Different Carrier Frequencies

77

J. Zhu and N. Tagawa

12:30 3-D Electromechanical activation mapping of the heart in canines and humansin vivo

77

J. Grondin, D. Wang, N. Trayanova and E. Konofagou

Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1Room: 307B

Time: 11:00

Chair: O. B. Wright

11:00 Theoretical models supporting some recent experiments in picosecond laser ul-trasonics∗

78

V. E. Gusev

11:25 Time-domain Brillouin scattering assisted by diffraction gratings∗ 78O. Matsuda, T. Pezeril, I. Chaban, K. Fujita and V. E. Gusev

11:50 Longitudinal sound velocities, elastic anisotropy and phase transition of highlypressurized H2O ice evaluated by picosecond acoustic interferometry

79

M. Kuriakose, S. Raetz, Q.-M. Hu, S. M. Nikitin, N. Chigarev, V. Tournat, A. Bulou, A.Lomonosov, P. Djemia, V. E. Gusev and A. Zerr

12:05 Temperature Dependence of Polycrystalline Aluminum Thin Film Elastic Con-stants by In-Situ Brillouin Light Scattering and Picosecond Ultrasonics

79

P. Djemia, L. Belliard, F. Challali, N. Girodon-Boulandet and D. Faurie

12:20 Probing the van der Waals coupling of 2D materials by using Terahertz Ultra-sonics

80

P.-J. Wang, V. E. Gusev, J.-K. Sheu and C.-K. Sun

Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1Room: 306

Time: 11:00

Chair: X. Wang, H. Hu

11:00 Advances in borehole acoustic reflection imaging∗ 80X. M. Tang


11:25 An Inversion Scheme for The Shear Speed from The Sholte Wave Excited by ADipole Source during Logging While Drilling in A Slow Formation

81

H. Hu, C. Zhang and X. Zheng

11:40 Numerical Simulations of a Slim-hole Piezoelectric Dipole Transmitter forAcoustic Logging

81

Y. Zhou, Y. Dai, D. Chen and Q. Zhang

11:55 Indirect Collar Waves in Acoustic Logging While Drilling 81X. He, X. Wang, H. Chen and X. Zhang

12:10 A Broadband Sonic Logging Monopole Transducer 82Y. Dai, Y. Zhou, H. He, Z. Wang and X. Wang

12:25 Step by step inversion of anisotropy parameters using cross dipole logging data 82H. Chen, H. He, X. He and X. Wang

Safety of UltrasoundRoom: 308B

Time: 11:00

Chair: Y. Watanabe

11:00 Effect on Rabbit Heart Exposure to Ultrasound with Long Pulse Duration∗ 82I. Akiyama, W. Takano, K. Rifu, N. Takayama, H. Sasanuma and N. Taniguchi

11:25 The promotion of muscle synthesis of skeltal muscle cell exposed to ultrasound 83W. Takano, M. Furuya, C. Okamoto, H. Ichikawa and I. Akiyama

11:40 The Effect of Ultrasound with Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse on the Lung:A Preliminary Study in Rabbits

83

H. Sasanuma, N. Takayama, K. Rifu, W. Takano, Y. Ishiguro, N. Taniguchi, A. KawaraiLefor and I. Akiyama

11:55 Proteomic analysis of developmental effect on medaka embryo exposed by ul-trasound

84

E. Matsumoto, K. Kawanabe, K. Yoshida, I. Akiyama, M. Hirose, M. Ikegawa and Y. Watan-abe

Ultrasonic Bone CharacterizationRoom: 309

Time: 11:00

Chair: K. I. Lee, K. A. Wear

11:00 Using Quantitative Ultrasound to Probe Material, Mechanical, and Microarchi-tectural Properties of Trabecular Bone∗

84

K. A. Wear

11:25 Application of Sparse Radon Transform in Quantitative Bone Ultrasound∗ 84L. H. Le, T. N. Tran, K.-C. T. Nguyen and M. D. Sacchi

11:50 Dispersion Response of Ultrasonic Guided Modes to the Variation of Geometryand Material Properties in Cortical Bone Characterization by Semi-AnalyticalFinite-Element Modeling

85

T. N. Tran, L. H. Le, M. D. Sacchi and V.-H. Nguyen

12:05 Structural Dependence of Piezoelectric Signal in Cancellous Bone at an Ultra-sound Frequency

85

A. Hosokawa

12:20 Induced electric potential in bone by low intensity ultrasound irradiation 86S. Mori, M. Kuraoka, T. Makino, Y. Sakata and M. Matsukawa


12:35 Finite Element Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy to Measure Elastic Proper-ties of Small Animal Cortical Bone∗

86

K. Xu, P. Dargent, P. Laugier and Q. Grimal

Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and SensorsRoom: 307A

Time: 11:00

Chair: A. Feeney

11:00 Focus control of a liquid crystal lens using ultrasound vibration 87D. Koyama, Y. Shimizu, Y. Harada, M. Fukui, A. Emoto, K. Nakamura and M. Matsukawa

11:15 Effect of thermal annealing on mechanical quality factors of poly phenylenesulfide under high-amplitude ultrasonic vibration

87

J. Wu, Y. Mizuno and K. Nakamura

11:30 Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Phased Array for Flow Measurement 87L. Kang, A. Feeney, R. Su, D. Lines, A. Jager, H. Wang, Y. Arnaudov, S. N. Ramadas, M.Kupnik and S. Dixon

11:45 Directional Control of Ultrasonic Sensor Using Parabolic Radiation-type Reflec-tor

88

T. Ueda, J. Neguchi, T. Ohgo, T. Orita and K. Saeki

12:00 Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I 88D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreff and J. Lorenz

12:15 Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part II 88D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreff and J. Lorenz


Time: 13:00

Chair: Y. Y. Kim

13:00 Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media 89A. Merkel, M. Willatzen and J. Christensen

13:15 Breaking acoustic reciprocity using deformation mechanism 89T. Devaux, A. Cebrecos, O. Richoux, V. Pagneux and V. Tournat

13:30 Simulation of gigahertz plate waves in elastic metamaterials 90M. Tomoda, K. Fujita, K. Inagaki, O. Matsuda, O. B. Wright and V. E. Gusev

13:45 Gradient metamaterial matching layer for ultrasonic transducers 90J. Zhu


Time: 13:00

Chair: Y. Cho, I. Park

13:00 Effect of microstructural evolution on acoustic nonlinear response of ultrasonicwaves in solid media∗

90

Y. Cho and W. Li

13:25 Leakage noises in valves 91A. Rondeau, E. Lafargue and F. Cartier

13:40 Validation of the first prototype high temperature ultrasonic sensor for gascomposition measurement

91

O. Gatsa, E. Rosenkrantz, D. Fourmentel, C. Destouches, P. Combette and J.-Y. Ferrandis


13:55 Low Frequency Ultrasonic Collimated Beam Generation from PiezoelectricTransducers

92

V. K. Chillara, C. Pantea and D. Sinha

14:10 Development of High Speed Inversion Technique for the Characterization of Full-Field Material Properties Based on Quantitative Laser Ultrasound VisualizationSystem

92

S.-P. Tseng and C.-H. Yang

14:25 Imaging the Adhesion Quality of a 255nm Tungsten Thin Film With a SiliconSubstrate Using Picosecond Ultrasonics

92

A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon

14:40 Development of Acoustical Microscopy System with Ultra High Resolution forMicro/Nano Structure Inspection

93

I. Park, T. Park and D. Kwak

Guided Waves in Physical AcousticsRoom: 308A

Time: 13:00

Chair: N. Boechler, A. Maznev

13:00 Elastic Waves in Magnetogranular Metamaterials∗ 93G. Theocharis

13:25 Acoustic waves in Freestanding Silicon Structures and Applications to ThermalEngineering and Optomechanics∗

93

J. Maire, D. Navarro-Urrios, M. Sledzinska, B. Graczykowski, E. Chavez Angel, F. Alzina,R. Anufriev, M. Nomura and C. M. Sotomayor-Torres

13:50 Continuum Elasticity Modeling of Long-wavelength Acoustic Vibrations ofQuasi-2D Structures and Micro-tubules

94

A. G. Every, D. Liu and D. Tomanek

14:05 Mechanical Anisotropy of Plant Cell Walls Studied by Laser Generated GuidedAcoustic Waves

94

M. Abi Ghanem, L. Khoryati, N. Boechler and T. Dehoux

14:20 Ritz-Rayleigh Approach: Numerical Calculation of Guided- Wave Properties 95T. Grabec, P. Sedlak, H. Seiner and M. Landa

14:35 How to Induce Dynamic Fracture by Focusing Flexural Waves 95V. Van Gemmeren, B. Zybach and J. Dual

Thermo-acousticsRoom: 307B

Time: 13:00

Chair: S.-I. Sakamoto, X. Xie

13:00 Fundamental study on the effect of the change in the cross- sectional area onthe straight-tube-type thermoacoustic prime mover∗

96

S.-I. Sakamoto, T. Wada and T. Saito

13:25 Investigation on Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of an Open-Air Traveling-Wave Thermoacoustic Generator

96

X. Xie, S. Yang, F. Liu and Q. Li

13:40 Optimizations of an Open-air Traveling-wave Thermoacoustic Generator 96F. Liu, X. Xie, S. Yang and Q. Li

13:55 Effect of temperature distribution of the stack on heat flow in standing-wavethermoacoustic-system

97

M. Sugimoto, S.-I. Sakamoto and Y. Watanabe


14:10 Effect of acoustic impedance on a thermoacoustic system using a Heat PhaseAdjuster

97

H. Morishita, S.-I. Sakamoto, K. Shiraki and Y. Watanabe

Ultrasonic Cavitation for TherapyRoom: 308B

Time: 13:00

Chair: C. C. Coussios, S.-I. Umemura

13:00 Cavitation generating and utilizing exposure sequence for focused ultrasoundtreatment∗

98

S.-I. Umemura and S. Yoshizawa

13:25 Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery to Tumours using Sub-Micron CavitationNuclei and Passive Acoustic Mapping∗

98

C. C. Coussios, C. Coviello, C. Mannaris, P. Katti and R. Carlisle

13:50 Triplet Pulse Sequence for Cavitation Bubble Imaging in High-Intensity FocusedUltrasound Treatment

98

R. Iwasaki, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura

14:05 Effect of focal shape control on stone erosion rate using cavitation bubbles 99T. Yura, M. Lafond, S. Yoshizawa and S.-I. Umemura

14:20 Comparison of spatial distribution characteristics of shock wave pressure fieldand cavitation bubble cloud

99

G. Kang, O. Kwon, J.S. Huh and M. J. Choi

Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2Room: 309

Time: 13:00

Chair: K. Kim

13:00 Towards the Goal of High Resolution, Low Noise, Low Variance Shear WaveElastography∗

100

S. McAleavey

13:25 Ultrasound Strain Elastography to Detect Placenta Diseases∗ 100C. H. Yap, S. N. Saw, J. Y. R. Low, C. N. Z. Mattar, A. Biswas and L. Chen

13:50 Ultrasound-based carotid elastography for detection of vulnerable atheroscle-rotic plaques validated by magnetic resonance imaging

101

J. Luo

14:05 Ultra-high Frequency Shear wave elastogrpahy for Human Finger Tendon 101C.-C. Huang and Y.-Y. Hsiao

Memorial Session for Leif BjørnøRoom: 304A

Time: 15:00

Chair: L. A. Crum

15:00 The underwater sounds of precipitation∗ 101L. A. Crum

15:25 Nonlinear Problems in the Generation, Propagation and Measurement of HighIntensity Ultrasonic Waves in Air∗

102

J. A. Gallego-Juarez, E. Riera and L. Gaete-Garreton

15:50 Leif Bjørnø and International Ultrasonics Conferences∗ 102W. Sachse


16:15 Professor Leif Bjørnø - Recollection∗ 102

B. Linde and A. Sliwinski

Poster SessionRoom: 306

Time: 15:00

Chair: K. I. Lee, H. Nomura, J. H. Chang

Biomedical Ultrasound

000043 Acoustic Impedance Imaging Conversion From B mode (Detection of early agingalteration in human facial skin)

103

Y. Ogura, T. Kondo, T. W. Chean, S. Yoshida, K. Kobayashi, N. Hozumi and O. Yuki

000077 Ultrasound heating induced in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles 103A. Jozefczak, K. Kaczmarek, T. Hornowski and R. Bielas

000137 Implementation of backend processing system for real-time intravascular ultra-sound imaging

103

J.-W. Park and J. H. Chang

000145 Design of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer transducers for intravascular ultra-sound tissue harmonic imaging

104

S. Park, J. Lee and J. H. Chang

000146 Prediction and Measurement of Temperature Rise Induced by High IntensityFocused Ultrasound in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms

104

K. I. Lee, H. S. Kang and S. W. Yoon

000156 Multi-angular vector flow imaging (mVFI) for accurate, reliable vector Dopplerestimation

105

J. H. Jeong, S. Yeo, C. Yoon and T.-K. Song

000176 Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with thin tube phantom using CT-basedskull aberration correction: a preliminary study

105

C. Jin, C. W. Jin and J. Park

000232 Lens design simulation and fabrication of Carbon Nano Tube transducer fortranscranial applications

106

C. Lee, D.-G. Paeng and K. Ha

000253 Difference of Acoustic Emission Eignal between Transcranial and Skull-lessBrain while Blood-Brain Barrier Dsruption in a Rat Brain

106

Y. Hur, M. Han, J. Yang, C. Jin and J. Park

000256 Transmit Sequence Optimization for Motion Corrected 3D Diverging WaveCompounding: A Simulation Study

107

Y. Chen, J. D’Hooge and J. Luo

000286 Characteristics of high intensity and high frequency ultrasonic transducers usinghydrothermal epitaxial piezoelectric films

107

M. Ishikawa, Y. Uchida, T. Shiraishi, M. Tabaru, H. Funakubo and M. Kurosawa

000301 A Preliminary Study To Investigate The Accuracy Of Ultrasound To AssessAlveolar Bone Level

107

K.-C. T. Nguyen, L. H. Le, N. R. Kaipatur, E. H. Lou and M. W. Major

000321 Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Liver Tumor: Model Development and Simula-tion

108

S. Maxim and T. W. Sheu


000324 Visualization Experiment of Frequency Dependent Attenuation of Tissue byMulti-Spectral Phase-Contrast Imaging

108

S. Ishikura, N. Tagawa, M. Yoshizawa and T. Irie

Emerging Fields

000092 Side-Lobe Suppression for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Sensors Attached on the BackSide of Automobile Bumpers

109

K. Ibata, R. Hara, T. Kimura, Y. Nishioka, N. Yoneda and S. Inoue

000210 T-shaped configuration of multi-frequency acoustic camera and visualization inair

109

M. Fujii and K. Nakamura

Industrial Ultrasound

000008 An Ultrasonic Vibration System Used in Friction Stir Welding 110B. Fu, W. Zhang and G. Zhou

000020 HiFFUTs for High Temperature Ultrasound 110A. Feeney, L. Kang and S. Dixon

000074 An ultrasonic motor using transmission line and a spring washer driven by aLangevin transducer

110

T. Ishii, M. Mochizuki and T. Shimizu

000168 Material Parameter Identification of a Piezoelectric Disc with Triple-Ring-Electrodes for Increased Sensitivity

111

B. Jurgelucks, N. Feldmann, L. Claes, A. Walther and B. Henning

000228 Impregnation of liquid droplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves 111R. Nakayama, T. Asami and H. Miura

000270 Measurement of the flexoelectric coefficient for bulk barium titanate under one-dimension shock wave

111

T. Hu

000292 Measuring Liquid-level Utilizing Wedge Wave 112I. Matsuya, Y. Honma and I. Ihara

000298 Influence of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles on Tough Hydrophone in High-intensity Acoustic Fields Generated by 22 kHz Sonoreactor

112

N. Okada, M. Shiiba, S. Yamauchi, T. Sato and S. Takeuchi

Physical Acoustics

000027 Effect of Frequency on Generation of Ultrafine Bubble by Ultrasonic Irradiation 113Y. Asakura, H. Matsushima and K. Yasuda

000050 Development of magnetostrictive FeCo film coated surface acoustic wave basedmagnetic field sensor

113

W. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Liu, Y. Liang and S. He

000061 Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation 114L. Bai, P. Wu and W. Lin

000062 Surface Oscillations and Fragmentation of Bubbles in an Acoustic Field 114P. Wu, L. Bai, W. Lin, D. Xu and C. Li

000063 Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation 114P. Wu, L. Bai, W. Lin, D. Xu and C. Li


000075 Thermal Tuning on the Band Gaps with Temperature Sensitive Materials inPhononic Crystals

115

Y. Li

000078 Research on A Surface Acoustic Wave Based PM2.5 Monitor 115J. Liu, W. Hao and S. He

000090 Attenuation Characteristics of Acoustic Waves in Boiler Flue gas ContainingSolid Particles

115

G. Jiang and W. Xu

000100 Performance evaluation of array transducer for underwater acoustic camera 116C.-S. Park and S. Cho

000107 Study on characteristics of the suspension of the particle in thermoacousticsystems

116

S. Yang, X. Xie, F. Liu and Q. Li

000130 Experimental realization of nonreciprocal topological insulators based onangular-momentum-biased resonator array

116

Y. F. Zhu, Y. G. Peng, J. Yang, X. Y. Zou, B. Liang, X. F. Zhu and J. C. Cheng

000131 Long-Term Monitoring of Underwater Sound near the Eastern Coast of Koreausing a Four-Element Planar Hydrophone Array

117

S.-H. Byun, S.-M. Kim, I.-Y. Che and Y. Kim

000158 Development of ultrasound measurement system to measure acoustic propertiesof the piston core sediments laboratory condition

117

B.-N. Kim, S. K. Jung, B.-C. Kum, B. K. Choi, E. Kim and S. H. Kim

000159 Broadband ultrasound backscattering of cylindrical target in water 117B. K. Choi, B.-N. Kim, E. Kim, S. H. Kim and M. S. Sim

000161 Surface Wave Propagation on Single Crystals: Measurement and FEM Analysis 118H.-B. Kim, H. S. Park, H.-S. Lee, H.-S. Lee and Y. H. Kim

000178 Acoustic Energy Harvesting based on Metastructures 118B. Assouar, S. Qi and Y. Li

000192 Asymptotic Behaviour of 1D Sonic Crystal Band Structure with Applicationsin Optimization

118

M. I. Pop, N. Cretu and A. Boer

000222 Characterization of grain boundary cracks by evaluating the integral responseof surface acoustic waves

119

R. Galos, S. Zamiri, P. Burgholzer, T. Berer and I. A. Veres

000268 Planar acoustics lenses with helical-structured metamaterials 119S. Liu, H. Lv, W. Zhang, J. Zhang and L. Yang

000295 Frequency characteristics of thickness-shear mode BAW resonator consisting ofc-axis parallel oriented ZnO film for liquid viscosity measurement

120

I. Rikuya, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani

000304 Study of shear mode acoustic wave devices with c-axis parallel oriented ZnOfilm to measure the liquid loading properties

120

K. Mori, S. Takayanagi, M. Matsukawa and T. Yanagitani

000309 Sound Blocking using A Series of Scaled Composite Structures 121S. Park and J. Kim

000310 Single Sensor Acoustic Tracking using Asymmetric Impedance MetamaterialSurface

121

C. Kim, K. Song and J. Kim


000313 Numerical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of dense polydisperse cloudsof interacting microbubbles

121

H. Haghi, A. Jafarisojahrood and M. C. Kolios

Wednesday 20 December 2017

Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4Room: 304ATime: 8:00Chair: J. Christensen, A. Merkel

8:00 Manipulating Sound Wave Radiation by Zero-index Metamaterials 122X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Mao and E. Ding

8:15 Sub-wavelength acoustic microscope based on extraordinary transmission in azero-mass metamaterial

122

T. Devaux, J. J. Park, E. Bok, S. H. Lee and O. B. Wright

8:30 A multi-scale insight into the dynamic behavior of acoustic metamaterials 123K. Chrzaszcz, V. G. Kouznetsova, J. P. Hoefnagels and M. G. Geers

8:45 Acoustic invisibility based on transparent anisotropic metamaterials 123B. Li and W. Kan

9:00 Band gap and double negative properties of star-structured sonic metamaterial 123W. Yuren, C. Meng, J. Heng, L. Yu and X. Wenshuai


Time: 8:00

Chair: K. M. Tant

8:00 Induced phonons by pulse laser technique to improve Brillouin scattering mea-surement

123

A. Perino, M. Matsukawa and Y. Shibagaki

8:15 Non-contact Detection of A Foreign Material Inside Soft Material by Using AHigh-intensity Aerial Ultrasonic Wave and Optical Equipment

124

L. Jin, A. Osumi and Y. Ito

8:30 Material Property Mapping using Ultrasonic Travel-time Tomography for Im-proved Imaging in Heterogeneous Media

124

K. M. Tant and A. J. Mulholland

8:45 In-situ characterization of phase transitions by ultrasonic methods 125J. Nejezchlebova, H. Seiner, P. Sedlak, M. Janovska, P. Stoklasova, M. Landa and T. Grabec

9:00 Investigating Ultrasound Interaction Behaviors with Defects in Infrared ImagingNDE

125

X. Han and Q. Yu

9:15 Resonant Ultrasonic Activation of Damage: A Shortcut to Efficient NDE andDiagnostic Imaging

125

I. Solodov


High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell ImagingRoom: 309

Time: 8:00

Chair: J. Y. Hwang

8:00 High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers for High Definition Imaging∗ 126H. H. Kim

8:25 The New Intracellular Delivery Platform using High Frequency Ultrasound∗ 126S. Yoon

8:50 4D High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Small Animal Embryonic Heart toSupport Computational Flow Simulation Studies

127

C. H. Yap, S. Ho, G. X. Y. Tan, T. J. Foo and N. Phan-Thien

9:05 High Resolution Facial Skin Imaging with Three-dimensional Ultrasound Mi-croscope

127

S. Yokoshiki, M. Maeda and Y. Saijo

9:20 The optimized high frequency intravascular ultrasound transducer design forvisualizing bioresorbable scaffold∗

128

J. Park

Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2Room: 307B

Time: 8:00

Chair: O. Matsuda

8:00 Gigahertz Ultrasonics in Metamaterials∗ 128O. B. Wright

8:25 Picosecond Acoustic Computed Tomography in a Microscopic Fibre 128S. Mezil, P. H. Otsuka, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. Wright

8:40 Imaging subsurface features in a micro-scale slab using laser ultrasonics at GHzfrequencies

129

P. H. Otsuka, K. Miyoshi, S. Mezil, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. Wright

8:55 GHz frequency S1 Lamb mode resonator 129D. M. Photiadis, M. K. Zalalutdinov, S. G. Carter, A. S. Bracker, M. Kim, C. S. Kim, D.G. Gammon and B. H. Houston

9:10 Imaging of Buried Microstructures by Nonlinear Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 130B. Perrin, E. Peronne, L. Belliard and L. Becerra

9:25 Single Nanowire acting as Acoustic Resonator and Emitter 130L. Belliard, C. Jean, T. W. Cornelius, O. Thomas, Y. Pennec, M. Cassinelli, M. EugeniaToimil-Molares and B. Perrin

9:40 Guide wave excitation and detection in a single nanowire 131A. Nagakubo, T. Taniguchi, H. Ogi and T. Ono

Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2Room: 306

Time: 8:00

Chair: H. Hu, X. Wang

8:00 A Pilot Test of Ultrasonic Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil in Oilfield 131D. Xu, C. Li, J. Deng, W. Lin and L. Bai

8:15 Scalable Time Series Feature Engineering Framework to Understand MultiphaseFlow using Acoustic Signals

131

M. K. Mudunuru, V. K. Chillara, S. Karra and D. Sinha


8:30 A Spectral Gamma Ray Logging Tool with 57mm Outer Diameter for DeepMineral Resources Prospecting

132

D. Xu, W. Ma and X. Wang

Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological MetamaterialsRoom: 307B

Time: 10:00

Chair: B. Assouar

10:00 Wavefront Manipulations via Acoustic Metasurfaces∗ 132Y. Li, B. Liang, J. C. Cheng, L. Zhang and Y. Jing

10:25 Topologically protected acoustic helical edge states and interface states in acous-tic networks∗

133

Y. X. Shen, Y. G. Peng and X. F. Zhu

10:50 Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption of Acoustic Waves with Bubble Meta-Screens

133

M. Lanoy, R.-M. Guillermic, A. Strybulevych and J. H. Page

11:05 Optical holographic imaging of three-dimensional complex ultrasonic field 133Q. Cheng, X. Zheng, Y. Li, M. Qian, Q. Zhan and X. Wang


Time: 10:00

Chair: Y. Pennec

10:00 Optimization Design and Experimental Evidence of Light-Weighted LatticeStructures with Wide Bandgaps∗

134

Y.-S. Wang, H.-W. Dong, Y.-F. Wang, C.-L. Yang and C. Zhang

10:25 Strong Coupling of Phononic Cavity Modes in 1D Corrugated Nanobeam 134Y. Pennec, A. Korovin and B. Djafari-Rouhani

10:40 Loss Compensation in Time-Dependent Elastic Metamaterials 134D. Torrent, W. Parnell and A. Norris

10:55 A high-quality narrow passband filter for elastic SV waves via aligned parallelseparated thin polymethylmethacrylate plates

135

J. Zhang, Y. Liu, W. Yan and N. Hu


Time: 10:00

Chair: B. Helfield, T. J. Matula

10:00 Cavitation biophysics: single-cell observations of sonoporation episodes∗ 135A. C. Yu

10:25 Biophysics of Sonoporation∗ 136B. Helfield

10:50 Inactivation of Planktonic Escherichia Coli by High Intensity Focused Ultra-sound Pulses∗

136

T. J. Matula, A. A. Brayman, B. E. Macconaghy, Y.-N. Wang, K. T. Chan, W. L. Monsky,V. P. Chernikov, S. V. Buravkov and V. A. Kohklova

11:15 Ultrasonic treatment for marine growth and its verification through sea-trial 136J. Lee and J. Park



Time: 10:00

Chair: A. Feeney

10:00 Residual stress estimation using acoustoelastic effect of surface acoustic wave 137J. Jun, Y.-D. Shim, K.-Y. Jhang, J. You and C. H. Lim

10:15 Development of Defect Sizing Algorithm for Surface Micro-Defect Using theLeaky Rayleigh Wave

137

Y. T. Yeom, Y. S. Lim, H. J. Kim, S. J. Song, S. D. Kwon and S. W. Yoo

10:30 Interrogation of Lamb Wave Interaction with Disbond in Adhesively BondedJoint

138

M. Liu and F. Cui

10:45 Characterisation and Modelling of Surface Wave EMATs for Optimal Coil De-sign

138

C. B. Thring, S. Hill, A. Feeney, S. Dixon and R. S. Edwards

11:00 Tungsten Thin Film Thickness Cartography With Nanometric Resolution UsingPicosecond Ultrasonics

139

A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. Michelon

11:15 Fabrication and Characterization of Fluoropolymer-Based Spherically FocusedAir-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer

139

L. Tong, Y. Xiang, M. Deng, J. Pan, Y. Chen and Q. Cheng

11:30 Facile Measurements of Single-Crystal Elastic Constant Tensor Properties fromPolycrystalline Samples

139

X. Du

Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and TherapyRoom: 309

Time: 10:00

Chair: V. A. Khokhlova, O. A. Sapozhnikov

10:00 Image-guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Using Dual-mode Arrays 140E. S. Ebb

10:15 Reconstruction of Nonlinear Ultrasound Field of an Annular Therapeutic Arraywith Electronic Focus Steering Based on Acoustic Holograms of Its IndividualElements

140

V. A. Khokhlova, P. Yuldashev, P. Rosnitskiy, O. A. Sapozhnikov, E. Dumont, M. Hoogen-boom, M. Den Brok, J. Futterer and G. Adema

10:30 Shape Optimization of Lens Focused Piezoelectric Transducers 141G. P. Thomas, J.-Y. Chapelon and C. Lafon

10:45 The Effect of Driving Conditions on the Performance of an Ultrasonic BoneBiopsy Needle

141

R. Cleary and M. Lucas

11:00 Imaging of Scatterer Distribution Structure of Living Tissue based on EmpiricalBayesian Learning with Consideration of Statistical Properties

142

J. Zhu and N. Tagawa


Abstracts

Mon 10:00 306 Plenary Lecture 1

The best sonar system on this planet: the ultrasonic sonar of dolphins – (000328)

W. AuHawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1346, Kaneohe, 96744, USA

Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]

Dolphins have very sophisticated short-range sonar thatsurpasses all technological sonar in its capabilities to per-form complex target discrimination and recognition tasks.The system that the U.S. Navy has for detecting minesburied under ocean sediment is one that uses Atlanticbottlenose dolphins. However, close examination of thedolphin sonar system will reveal that the dolphin acoustic”hardware” is fairly ordinary and not very special. Thetransmitted signals have peak-to-peak amplitudes as highas 225 - 228 dB re 1 µPa which translate to an rms valueof approximately 210 - 213 dB. The transmit beamwidthis fairly broad at about 10o in both the horizontal andvertical planes and the receiving beamwidth is slightlybroader by several degrees. The auditory filters are notvery narrow with Q values of about 8.4. Despite thesefairly ordinary features of the acoustic system, these an-imals still demonstrate very unusual and astonishing ca-pabilities. The dolphin biosonar system will be discussed

from the perspective of a technological sonar system start-ing with how the broadband signal is generated with itscharacteristics dependent on the intensity of the signal andhow this signal propagates through the head forming abeam and making a transiting from the near field into thefar field. The presentation will also discuss the receptionof echoes including receiving sensitivity, directivity, andinternal filtering process, and a signal processing section.Some of the capabilities of the dolphin sonar system willbe presented and the reasons for their keen sonar capabil-ities such as discriminating and recognizing different fishspecies, differences in wall thickness of metal cylinders anddifferences in the composition of metallic targets will bediscussed. Important features of their sonar include thebroadband click-like signals used, adaptive sonar searchcapabilities and large dynamic range of its auditory sys-tem.

Mon 8:00 304A Acoustic Fluidics

Spreading of Water Drop On a Vibrating Surface – (Contributed, 000007)

N. Candia Munoza, L. Gaete-Garretonb, Y. Vargas-Hernandezb and J. Meneses-DıazcaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuadore 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; bUniversidad de

Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; cUNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO

DE CHILE, Av Ecuador 3493, estacion central, santiago, 9170124 Santiago, Chile


Since of illuminating work of Faraday the knowledge ofthe behavior of a liquid on a vibrating surface is growingconstantly, however, too many aspects of the problem con-tinued open until today. In the present time, the effects ofa vibrating surface in a liquid can be classified in at leastthree branches: liquid in a layer, liquid in fountains anddrops of liquids.One of the more interesting aspects of vibrations and liq-uids is its wettability; it is related to surface energiescomprising solid-vapor, solid-liquid and liquid-vapor inter-faces. Many industry and technology applications, such asprint, paint, inject, lubrication, surface engineering, etc.,have a great interest to enhance the wettability. One wayto enhance the wettability of a liquid on a surface is addinga chemical surfactant, particles or another chemical mix-ture to a solution or suspension. This technique has thedisadvantage that sometimes changes the chemical com-position of the samples, which very often is not desired.

One previous experimental work has shown that the ap-plication of vertical vibrations on a solid surface increasesits wettability. The wettability study from a point of viewmore complete than the former, working at a greater fre-quency range and studying the transient stage during thedrop spreading until it reaches an equilibrium position isconsidered in this paper. In particular, the time of appari-tion of capillary waves is considered. In our opinion, thispoint of view allows a better understanding of the com-plex phenomena involved in the wettability studies. Inaddition, it was developed a new algorithm to calculatecontact angle of a water drop placed on a set of vibratingsurfaces driven by piezoelectric transducers of own design.The study of kinetic of the radius and contact angle willcarry out through the image analysis captured by a fastcamera.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Measurement and Simulation of Acoustic Radiation Force from Focused Ultrasound Beam Acting ona Spherical Scatterer in Water – (Contributed, 000197)

M. M. Karzovaa, A. V. Nikolaevaa, S. A. Tsysara, V. A. Khokhlovaa and O. A. Sapozhnikova,b

aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Uni-

versity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA


Acoustic radiation force (ARF) has been successfully usedin a recently developed therapeutic technology for kid-ney stone propulsion. To plan the treatment and predictthe outcome of the procedure, calibration of ARF has tobe performed for stones of different dimensions and loca-tions. However, such calibration remains a problem. Here,a method for measuring ARF acting on a mm-sized spher-ical object positioned on the axis of a focused ultrasoundbeam was proposed and tested. The method is based onthe balance between different forces acting on the objectand initiation of its movement when the value of ARFcrosses a certain threshold. Spherical scatterers made fromnylon, steel, and glass were used as targets; their diam-eters varied from 2 to 8 mm. Single-element 1.072 MHztransducer (100 mm aperture and 70 mm focal length) waspositioned in water at the bottom of the tank and used togenerate a focused ultrasound beam in vertical direction.

Scatterers were positioned at different distances along thebeam axis. For each scatterer, the beam power was grad-ually changed until the scatterer started to move. At thisthreshold power of the source, the value of ARF was deter-mined as a difference between the gravity and buoyancyforces acting on the scatterer. At other source power out-puts, the value of ARF was linearly scaled. ARF was alsocalculated from pressure distributions reconstructed fromacoustic hologram of the source and physical parameters ofthe scatterers. Experimental and theoretical results werefound in a good agreement. It was shown that dependingon the scatterer parameters, the maximum ARF occurredbefore or after the focus, while the most effective pushingwas observed at distances where the beam was slightlywider than the scatterer. Work supported by the stipendof the President of Russia (SP-2621.2016.4).


Elucidating the Mechanism of Paracetamol Sonocrystallization for Product Purity Enhancement –(Contributed, 000287)

C. Forbesa, T. T. Nguyenb, R. L. Learyc and C. J. PricebaEPSRC Centre for Continuous Manufactuing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99

George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, UK; bDepartment of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir

Building, 75 Montrose Street, G1 1XJ Glasgow, UK; cCentre for Ultrasonic Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 204 George Street,

G1 1XW Glasgow, UK


Pharmaceutical revenue exceeds $1 trillion per year, withraw material and manufacturing costs accounting for 22%of the total. Product manufacture and purification is typ-ically achieved via solution based crystallization. This ap-proach can give rise to loss of raw material to waste due toincomplete utilisation of the solute in the crystallisationprocess - exacerbated by retardation of crystal growth dueto poisoning of the growth surface by isomers of the de-sired crystal form.In this paper we describe the effect of ultrasound on thecrystallization of paracetamol undertaken in organic sol-vents in a temperature controlled XUB25 ultrasonic bath(Grant Instruments). Sonomechanical activity within thesolvent arsing in the XUB25 ultrasonic bath was char-acterised by measurement of acoustic intensity using aNH4000 PVDF needle hydrophone. Application of ultra-sound was found to increase the nucleation temperature ofthe crystallization, modify the size and morphology of theresultant product and importantly improve product yield.

A number of phenomena arise from the application of ul-trasound, including cavitation, acoustic streaming and en-hanced mixing of the solution. In order to further explorethese phenomena in the context of paracetamol crystal-lization, we explore the acoustic properties and cavitationthreshold in organic solvents, namely isoamyl alcohol andethanol. The necessary acoustic properties of the solventsare used to construct acoustic field models for comparisonin an effort to link prediction and measurement of cavita-tion with crystallization outcomes.The ultimate goal is to elucidate the mechanisms ofsonocrystallization via acoustic cavitation and streaming,with a focus on nucleation and impurity incorporation dur-ing crystal growth. The adoption of acoustic simulationand field characterisation techniques is required to designprocesses and equipment to implement sonocrystallizationin pharmaceutical manufacturing. The industrial driver isto improve the product quality, reduce waste and improveaccess to medicines.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Recent Advances and Opportunities of Mechanical Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000315)

E. G. Karpov and L. A. DansoUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, 842 W Taylor St, M/C 246, Chicago, 60607, USA


Mechanical metamaterials represent a novel interestingclass or structural composites that manifest behaviors be-yond the scope of traditional materials mechanics. Thoseinclude negative elastic moduli [1-3] and basic symmetriesbreaking, such as reciprocity of mechanical deformation.The ongoing research aims to understand relationships be-tween a desired property, which often corresponds to anexotic domain in the overall design space, and the mate-rial’s internal structure. Some recent studies use multi-stabilities at the unit cell level to deploy a load-inducedpolymorphic phase transformation in an entire material

sample. When properly designed, this phase transforma-tion can lead to a contraction of the sample in the direc-tion of an increasing load, a manifest of the negative ex-tensibility phenomenon. Other studies suggest that prop-erly designed highly nonlocal periodic lattices can providemetamaterials featuring reversal of the Saint-Venant edgeeffect. In this presentation, we overview recent develop-ments in the analysis and design of these interesting mate-rial systems, and outline their opportunities for nonlinearacoustics and structural health monitoring.

Mon 8:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 1

Lipid Intermolecular Forces and Microbubble Resonance – (Invited, 000150)

M. BordenUniversity of Colorado, 1111 Enigneering Drive, Boulder, 80309-0427, USA


An intermolecular forces model for the lipid shell will beintroduced that provides calculation of the shell elasticitydirectly from first-principle intermolecular pair potentials.Additionally, a new laser acoustics technique will be pre-sented that allows measurement of microbubble shell elas-ticity and viscosity for very small-amplitude oscillations.Results from experiments on microbubbles with differentlipid shell compositions and at different temperatures willbe discussed. As predicted by the model, a significantincrease in surface elasticity at room temperature was ob-served for lipid acyl-chain lengths of 16 to 20 carbons. The

surface viscosity was found to be equivalent for these lipidshells. We also observed an anomalous decrease in elas-ticity and increase in viscosity when increasing the acylchain length from 20 to 22 carbons, indicating that mi-crostructural effects may be important for such small dis-placements. For DPPC shells, we observed a nearly lineardecrease in elasticity and viscosity with increasing temper-ature. Transient effects in viscoelasticity were observed forrapidly heated microbubbles. The talk will conclude withinsights gleaned from the molecular model on resonanceeffects for larger amplitude oscillations.


High-Precision Acoustic Measurements of the Nonlinear Dilatational Elasticity of Phospholipid-CoatedMonodisperse Microbubbles – (Invited, 000190)

T. Segersa,b, E. Gauda, M. Versluisc,d,e and P. FrinkingaaBracco Suisse S.A., Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland; bUniversity of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede,

Netherlands; cInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede,

Netherlands; dMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; eMIRA

Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands


The acoustic response of phospholipid coated ultrasoundcontrast agents (UCA) is dramatically affected by the sta-bilizing shell around the microbubbles. The elasticity ofthe microbubble shell increases the resonance frequency,and its nonlinear behavior promotes the generation of har-monic echoes that are currently exploited for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. The harmonic scattering ofcontrast bubbles has been quite successfully modelled bythe rather ad-hoc assumptions in the model of Marmot-

tant et al., where the nonlinear behaviour was capturedin a linear elastic part around equilibrium, a rupturedpart for bubble expansion and a buckling part upon bub-ble compression. Here we present for the first time high-precision experimental data of acoustic measurements ofthe exact non-linear behavior of these bubbles. Microbub-ble viscoelastic shell properties were measured as a func-tion of the ambient pressure-controlled surface dilatation(pressures ranging from 70 to 140 kPa) through acoustic

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


attenuation spectra of monodisperse bubble suspensionsformed by flow-focusing. The bubble samples had meanradii ranging from 1.5 to 3.3 µm, with a typical PDI of5%, and the bubbles were coated by DPPC and DPPE-PEG5000 mixed at PEG molar fractions of 5.0, 7.5, and10.0%. Bubble size as a function of ambient pressure wasmeasured optically. The obtained dilatational elasticitywas found to be independent of the absolute microbub-ble size and PEG molar fraction. However, in contrastto the constant elasticity in the Marmottant model for

elastic oscillations, shell elasticity was found to be highlydependent on the surface dilation. The dilatational elas-ticity curve was integrated with respect to bubble areato find the dilatational interfacial tension of phospholipid-coated microbubbles. For compressed bubbles, it increasesduring decompression, first rapidly, and then more slowlyfrom zero to the surface tension of the surrounding aque-ous medium. This new insight will allow for more accuratemodeling of nonlinear bubble dynamics.


Propagation of ultrasound through a microbubble population: Effect of ultrasound pressure, frequency,microbubble concentration and lipid shell properties – (Invited, 000311)

A. Jafarisojahrooda, Q. Lib, H. Haghic, R. Karshafiand, T. M. Portere and M. C. KoliosfaRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Canada M5B2K3; bBoston University, 110 Cummington St. ENG 319, Boston,

MA, Boston, Canada 02215; cRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3; dRyerson University, 110

Cummington St, Unit. 2103, Boston, Canada 02215; eBoston University, 110 Cummington St, Boston, Canada 02215; fRyerson

University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, AB, Canada M5B2K3


The existence of MBs in a medium increases the mediumattenuation and changes the sound speed; these changesare nonlinear and depend on the dynamics of the MBsexposed to the ultrasound (US). Knowledge of how atten-uation and sound speed vary as a function of US pres-sure, frequency and MB concentration can help to opti-mize US parameters in applications. Our recently devel-oped model is used to calculate changes in attenuationand sound speed as a function of frequency and pressure.The Marmattont model was modified to include the mul-tiple scattering of up to 200 MBs and was solved usingour novel approach for solving for MB-MB interactions.The MBs were randomly distributed within a cube; thelength of each edge of the cube was varied to achieve a de-sirable concentration (200 micron-1mm). At each acousticparameter, the attenuation and sound speed were calcu-lated for 20 random distributions of MBs, and the resultswere weighted by the number density of each MB sizes

in experiments. Attenuation and sound speed were mea-sured experimentally using transmission and reception ofbroadband pulses of center frequency of 2.25 MHz, andpressure amplitudes of 10-120kPa through monodispersesolutions (mean diameter ∼6 microns) with different con-centrations. The results of numerical simulations with-out MB interactions are in good agreement with the ex-perimental observations for small concentrations. As theconcentration increases, an agreement was only achievedwhen simulations included MB-MB interaction. For highconcentrations and low pressures the attenuation peak be-comes wider and does not have a distinct peak. As thepressure increases, multiple peaks appear in the attenu-ation vs. frequency diagrams. Results of this work sug-gest that MB shell characterization is more accurate ifexperiments are done in low concentrations (the optimumconcentration depends on size). For higher MB concen-trations, MB-MB interaction must be included.

Mon 8:00 307B Optomechanical Structures and Opto-acoustics

Proposal for optical beam-steering with optomechanical antennas on a silicon chip – (Invited, 000241)

R. Van Laer, C. J. Sarabalis and A. H. Safavi-NaeiniStanford University, 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA


Rapid and low-power control over the direction of light is amajor challenge in photonics and a key enabling technol-ogy for emerging free-space optical communication linksand sensors such as lidar. Current approaches based onbulky motorized components are limited by their high costand power consumption, while on-chip optical phased ar-rays face challenges in scaling and programmability. Inthis talk we propose a new chip-based approach to beam-steering using optomechanical antennas. We combine therecent progress in simultaneous control of optical and me-chanical waves with advances in on-chip optical phased

arrays to enable efficient and full two-dimensional beam-steering of monochromatic light. We present calculationsfor a silicon system made of nanoscale photonic-phononicwaveguides, predicting that thousands of resolvable spotscan be addressed with milliwatts of mechanical power. Us-ing mechanical waves as active gratings will allow us toquickly reconfigure the beam direction, beam shape andthe number of beams. By non-reciprocity it also will alsoenable us to distinguish between light that we send andreceive.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Non-reciprocal and chiral acoustics in optomechanical systems – (Invited, 000327)

G. BahlUIUC, 1206 W. Green St., MEL 4413, Urbana, 61801-2906, USA


Time-reversal symmetry is a property shared by wavephenomena in linear stationary media. However, brokentime-reversal symmetry is required for synthesizing non-reciprocal devices like isolators, circulators, gyrators, andfor topological systems supporting chiral states. Magneticfields can of course enable nonreciprocal behavior for elec-tromagnetic waves, but this method does not convenientlytranslate to the chip-scale or to the acoustic domain, com-pelling us to search for nonmagnetic solutions.We have adopted a unique approach to address this chal-lenge through the use of co- localized interacting modesof light and sound in resonator systems. The acousto-optical physics within these systems enable experimentshaving analogies to condensed matter phenomena, includ-ing phonon laser action [1], cooling [2, 3], and electromag-netically induced transparency [4]. This talk will describeour experimental efforts to exploit the momentum conser-

vation rules intrinsic to light-sound interactions for pro-ducing strong nonreciprocal behavior for sound and light.Our results reveal that chiral effects are pervasive through-out the phononic and photonic physical layers of thesesystems, for instance, showing that chirality can be dy-namically imparted to phonon transport in order to sup-press disorder-induced scattering [5]. This talk will alsodescribe how intuitions drawn from our optomechanicalexperiments can be used to design practical microwave andacoustic systems with reconfigurable topology and nonre-ciprocal responses.References1. Nature Communications, 2:403, 2011. 2. NaturePhysics, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 203-207, 2012. 3. OpticsExpress 25(2), pp.776-784, 2017. 4. Nature Physics, 11,pp. 275-280, 2015. 5. Nature Communications 8, 205,2017.


Dissipative optomechanical cooling of a glass-fiber nanospike coupled to a bottle resonator – (Contributed,

000216)

R. Pennetta, S. Xie, R. Zeltner and P. S. J. RussellMPI Science of Light, Staudstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany


Optical cooling of mechanical degrees of freedom repre-sents one of the biggest achievement in the field of cavityoptomechanics [1]. Although it has mostly been demon-strated in the dispersive coupling regime, where the me-chanical motion modulates the cavity resonant frequency,it has been predicted [2] and shown [3] that in the dis-sipative coupling regime, i.e., when the mechanical mo-tion changes the decay rate of the cavity, cooling can beachieved outside the stringent ”good cavity” limit. In themost common experimental configurations of cavity op-tomechanics, however, where freestanding waveguidesare evanescently coupled to an optical micro-cavity, lowmechanical Q-factors have so far prohibited observationof dissipative cooling [4]. Recently we reported that glass-fiber nanospikes, fashioned by tapering single-mode fibers,support high-Q flexural resonances (Q > 10) in the fewkHz range, at the same time providing low loss, adiabatic

guidance of light [5]. In this paper we report the use ofa silica nanospike to demonstrate dissipative cooling andamplification, by coupling it to an ultra-high Q bottle res-onator. In particular, by varying the laser detuning on theblue side of the cavity resonance, an effective temperatureof 1.8 K can be inferred from the measurement of the me-chanical power spectrum for a lunched optical power ofonly ∼100 µW, without the need of any precooling. Webelieve this system could open the door to optomechani-cal cooling of low frequency mechanical resonators beyondthe sideband-resolved regime.1. M. Aspelmeyer, et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391(2014) 2. F. Elste, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 149902(2009) 3. A. Sawadsky, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114,043601 (2015) 4. M. Li, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103,223901 (2009) 5. R. Pennetta, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.117, 273901 (2016)


Doubly-resonant nanostructure for enhanced acousto-optical modulation – (Contributed, 000096)

V. Laudea, A. Belkhirb, M. Addouchec, S. Benchabaned, A. Khelifd and F. I. BaidaeaInstitut FEMTO-ST, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besancon, France; bUniversitee M. Mammeri, Laboratoire de Physique et

Chimie Quantique, 0 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria; cUniversite de Franche-Comte, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030

[email protected]

[email protected]


Besancon, France; dCNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besancon, France; eUniversite de Franche-

Comte, Institut FEMTO-ST, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besancon, France


Acousto-optical interaction describes the modification ofthe optical properties of a material system under the ac-tion of an acoustic wave that moves the equilibrium po-sitions of the atoms composing the medium of propaga-tion. The effect is usually considered in the frame of per-turbation theory. Hence, acousto-optical interaction canproduce significant effects only if diffracted optical wavesfrom a large number of periods of the acoustic wave addcoherently. Can we design a system for which the AOinteraction is strong even though the interaction lengthis smaller than the wavelength? To tackle this problem,we exhibit a nano- optical system whose transmission canbe strongly modulated when sustaining a resonant acous-tic wave excited thanks to piezoelectricity of the substrate.The system is composed of a periodic array of resonant op-tical cavities formed by metal ridges on a lithium niobatesubstrate. As such, the array forms a one- dimensionalphoxonic crystal structure. The array supports a Γ-point

optical resonance appearing in the light cone that createsa dip in the transmission for normal incidence of opticalplane waves. The array simultaneously supports local-ized mechanical resonances that are efficiently excited by aradio-frequency electric signal, creating a large amplitudeflexural motion of the metal ridges. Indeed, those ridgesare metal electrodes that naturally constitute a transducerfor surface acoustic waves. As we show based on a com-bination of finite-element time-domain and finite elementanalysis, flexural motion of the metal ridges at a resonantacoustic frequency produces a strongly nonlinear modula-tion of the optical transmission when the vibration ampli-tude increases. Numerical simulations performed for silverridges on a lithium niobate substrate suggest that trans-mission modulation approaching 100% at GHz frequenciesshould be feasible, for flexural vibrations of about 30 nm ofamplitude and for a thickness of the nano-optical systemof only 300 nm.


Propagation of Elastic Waves along 1D Phononic Crystal Nanowalls – (Contributed, 000181)

Y. Penneca, A. Gueddidaa, E. Alonso-Redondob, E. H. El Boudoutic, S. Yangd, G. Fytasb and B. Djafari-RouhaniaaInstitut d’eelectronique, de microeelectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universitee de Lille-1, Citee scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve-

D’Ascq, France; bMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, XXX Mainz, Germany; cLaboratoire de dynamique

et d’optique des materiaux, Universite Mohamed I, XXX Oujda, Morocco; dDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, 3231

Walnut Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6272, USA


Several works have been devoted to the study of surfaceacoustic waves (SAW). In contrast to uniform materialswhere only Rayleigh waves propagate at the surface, ad-ditional surface localized vibration modes can be observedwhen a periodic lattice is deposited on the substrate sur-face. Simple 1D periodical ridges built on a uniform sub-strate were already an issue in the technological applica-tion of surface acoustic waves in the interdigit transducers.Recently, they met a renewed interest thanks to the boostof phononic crystal studies. One can note that most ofthe nanostructures used for the 1D grating are inorganicand only few papers referred to organic polymer material.Moreover, due to the progress of techniques of fabricationsuch as microlithography or molecular beam epitaxy, it isnow possible to create well defined 1D micro or nanograt-ings on an otherwise planar surface in which the materialin polymer presents a high aspect ratio, even up to 10.

We investigate the propagation of elastic waves along thedirection parallel to epoxy nanowalls with high aspect ra-tio deposited at the surface of a glass substrate. With thehelp of the finite element method, we analyze the modes ofvibration of the grafted nanowalls which have their veloc-ities below all bulk velocities of the substrate. We showthat the elastic fields are localized at different edges ofthe nanowalls, i.e. in the upper corners and at the lateralfaces. The numerical results are supported by experimen-tal spectra of Brillouin Light Scattering measurement atGHz frequencies. By the introduction of the calculationof the intensity in the finite element method, we made adirect comparison with the experimental BLS spectra. Fi-nally, we show that, filling the nanowall structure with apolymer liquid give rise to new modes of vibrations whichbelong to the infiltrated liquid.

Mon 8:00 305B Underwater Network Communications and Detection

Range measurement of active underwater source using Doppler frequency estimation – (Contributed,

000153)

W.-J. Parka, K.-M. Kima, M.-S. Hanb and J.-Y. ChoibaKorea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, 49112 Busan, Republic of Korea;bAgency for Defense Development, Busan, Republic of Korea, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, 49112 Busan, Republic of Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


When measuring the radiated noise of an underwater ve-hicle, range information between acoustic source and re-ceiver is important evaluating factor, but GPS(global posi-tioning system) system can’t be used because of RF(radiofrequency) signal. There are several ways to find the rangeof the acoustic source instead of GPS. Most of these arebased on cross correlation method. However, they haveheavy computational loads. In this paper, we present arange measurement method of active underwater source.In this method, a continuous wave(CW) signal is transmit-ted from an acoustic source and the Doppler frequency isestimated based on the moving of the source at the re-ceiver. A fast Fourier transform is used to estimate theDoppler frequency of the received signal. This methodhas a smaller calculation amount than the method of find-

ing the range of the acoustic source using the previouscross correlation. The performance of this ranging methoddepends on the length of the CW signal for estimatingthe Doppler frequency. Therefore, we need the lengthof the CW signal and the accuracy of the parameter tomeet the desired accuracy in the source range estimation.If we know the depth and moving zone of the source,we can calculate the theoretical Doppler frequencies (orDoppler map) at candidate points previously. The sourcerange is estimated via comparison between these theoret-ical Doppler frequencies and the measured Doppler fre-quency. Simulation and lake trial were performed to ver-ify the performance evaluation. From the results, it isconfirmed that the longer the CW signal for fast Fouriertransform, the more similar to the shape of the GPS curve.


Long-range Underwater Acoustic Communications in the East Sea of Korea – (Contributed, 000261)

H. Kim, S. Kim, K.-H. Choi and J. W. ChoiHanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan,

Republic of Korea


Long-range underwater acoustic (UWA) communicationtechniques are needed for commercial and military appli-cations, such as oceanographic data collection, underwa-ter navigation, and unmanned underwater vehicle control.Therefore, long-range underwater communication experi-ments using sound channels have been conducted by var-ious institutions. However, it is hard to place both thetransmitter and receiver at the depth of the sound channel.This study presents a long-range UWA communication ex-periment conducted in October 1999, relying on parts ofthe continental shelf is presented and evaluates its com-munication performance. In the experiment, an acousticsource as a transmitter was installed on the shallow-water

shelf near Vladivostok harbor and vertical line array asa receiver was deployed near Ulleung-do. Horizontal dis-tance between the transmitter and receiver was 559.25 km.Communication signals were 511-digit m sequence with acenter frequency of 366 Hz and a bandwidth of 45.75 Hz,and the modulation type was binary phase shift keying.As a result, 0.01 of uncoded bit error rate is obtained ata data rate of 37.2 bit per second.[This work was supported by the National Research Foun-dation of Korea (NRF- 2016R1D1A1B03930983) and theMinistry of Oceans and Fisheries (the project titled : De-velopment of Distributed Underwater Monitoring & Con-trol Networks)]


Optimal deployment of vector sensor nodes based on Performance Surface of underwater acousticcommunication – (Contributed, 000262)

S. Kim and J. W. ChoiHanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan,

Republic of Korea


The underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN) is asystem that exchanges data between numerous sensornodes deployed in the sea using an underwater acousticcommunication technique. Therefore, it is important todesign a robust system that will function even in severelyfluctuating underwater communication conditions, alongwith variations in the ocean environment. However, mostattempts to find an optimal deployment scheme for sensornodes have assumed that every sensor node has the samecommunication radii, which is reasonable in the case ofterrestrial wireless communication systems. In this study,

a time reversal technique using acoustic vector sensor isapplied to reflect performance variations in the sensor net-work due to environmental fluctuations. The performanceof the communication system is then estimated over thetargeted area, which is converted to the communicationperformance surface (PS). On the basis of the estimatedcommunication PS, the optimal deployment of vector sen-sor nodes is obtained using virtual force-particle swarmoptimization (VFPSO) algorithm to achieve the maximumcommunication coverage maintaining their connectivity inthe targeted area.

[email protected]

[email protected]


[This work was supported by the National ResearchFoundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1D1A1B03930983), theAgency for Defense Development, Korea (UD160006DD)

and the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries(the project ti-tled : Development of Distributed Underwater Monitoring& Control Networks)]


Analysis of Passive Time-reversal Communication Performance in Shallow Water with UnderwaterSound Channel Axis – (Contributed, 000263)

K.-H. Choi, S. Kim and J. W. ChoiHanyang University (Korea), Hanyangdaehak-ro 55, Sa 1-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 15588 Ansan,

Republic of Korea


The sound waves in the ocean are reflected and scat-tered by the ocean boundaries and refracted by verticalsound speed that cause large multipath spread. This ef-fect results in intersymbol interference (ISI) of the com-munication signals that degrades communication perfor-mance. The passive time-reversal approach which mit-igates the ISI using the autocorrelation of channel im-pulse response was used to demodulate the communica-tion signal. This study analyzed the acoustic communi-cation data of the Shallow-water Acoustic Variability EX-periment (SAVEX15) which had been conducted in thenorthern East China Sea in approximately 100 m waterdepth during 14-28 May, 2015 and the underwater soundchannel with the channel axis at ∼ 40 m in depth existeddespite the shallow water. The goal of this study is to com-pare the relation between the channel characteristics and

passive time-reversal communication performance in shal-low water with underwater sound channel axis. Acousticcommunication data were received by an 16-element Ver-tical Line Array consisting of hydrophones with 3.75 m el-ement separation (with top hydrophone at 23.5 m). Com-munication signal consisted of a 20 ms long, 13-17 kHzlinear frequency modulation pulse for estimating channelimpulse responses, after 0.48 s, followed communicationsequences lasting 3.5 s with a carrier frequency of 15 kHzand 1250 Hz bandwidth.[This work was supported by the Agency for Defense De-velopment, Korea (UD160006DD), the National ResearchFoundation of Korea (NRF-2016R1D1A1B03930983) andthe Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (the project titled:Development of Distributed Underwater Monitoring &Control Networks)]


Acoustical Inversion Method using Cepstrum Analysis of Underwater Ship Noise – (Contributed, 000234)

C. S. Park, G.-D. Kim, G.-T. Yim and H. AhnKorea Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering, 32, Yuseong-daero 1312 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


This paper presents an acoustical inversion method us-ing cepstrum analysis of a transiting ship noise in shallowwaters. Through cepstrum analysis, we can extract themultipath arrival structure from the ship radiated noiserecorded by a hydrophone. The multipath structure comesfrom the interferences between a direct arrival and multi-ple reflections from the sea surface and the bottom, whichdepends mainly on the source- receiver configuration andthe sound speed profile in water column. A ship under-water noise measurement tests were performed at SouthSea of Korea. By using DGPSs, we recorded the locations

of the target ship and the buoy from which hydrophoneswere suspended. The measured sound pressure level canbe converted into the source level using the slant rangefrom the acoustic center of the ship to each hydrophonebased on the geometrical spreading. However, it is hard toexpect that the locations of the ship and the buoy coincidewith the acoustic center and the hydrophone position. Inorder to estimate the acoustic center and the hydrophoneposition, thus, we applied the inversion method to themeasured signal cepstrums. Finally, the inversion resultswere examined to validate the suggested method.

Mon 11:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 1

Development of a Numerical Test Bed for Ultrasonic Inspection of Highly Reinforced Concrete –(Invited, 000141)

M. T. Baquera and L. J. BondIowa State University, 1915 Scholl Road, Ames, 50011, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Reliable non-destructive evaluation of heavily reinforcedlarge concrete structures becomes more important everyday as the US civil infrastructure continues to age. Somesuccess has been achieved in the use of low frequency ul-trasound in reinforced structures, including nuclear powerplant containment. However, as the level of reinforcementand thickness increase issues remain. There is a need fortools to design, optimize and evaluate inspections to esti-mate detection capability a function a wall thickness andlevel of reinforcement. A numerical testbed is being de-velop to meet this need. Recent work by, S. Beniwal etal.(2015), has shown success in identifying damage nearrebar using numerical and a similar Elastodynamic Fi-nite Integration Technique (EFTI) techniques has beenadopted. Using a 2D approximation, concrete up to 1m using frequencies of 50 kHz can be assessed efficiently.Image processing techniques were used to mesh images

of concrete to generate a realistic geometry for concretesamples with appropriate attenuation characteristics. Forinitial code validation, the scattering response from a 3mmside drilled hole (SDH) in immersion was assessed. Thecode had good agreement with both analytical and exper-imental results. The code is being extended to considervarious rebar geometries and aggregate combinations, in-cluding voids of various sizes modeled behind two layers ofrebar, and initial data will be reported. Material proper-ties used were based on experimental measurements. Thesynthetic data generation is being used with SAFT tech-niques that have been applied to data for lightly reinforcedtransportation structures. The test bed is being used toconsider a sparse phased array, to optimize sensor place-ments, and evaluate inspection performance. ReferencesS. Beiwal et al. (2015) Ultrasonics, Vol: 62 pp: 112-12.


Quality-factor and frequency shifts of suspended Ge membranes – (Contributed, 000009)

L. Zhoua, G. Colstona, O. Trushkevycha, M. Myronova, D. Leadleya and R. S. EdwardsbaUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of

Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK


Crack initiation and growth are key issues when it comesto the mechanical reliability of microelectronic devices andmicroelectromechanical systems, especially when a systemis fabricated using a suspended membrane as a platform.In this study, two suspended Ge membranes on a siliconsubstrate were investigated by measuring their vibrationalresponse over a frequency range of 50 kHz to 500 kHz.Key material properties were identified by measuring thefrequencies and mode patterns for a set of vibrationalresonant modes using a laser interferometer. The mem-branes were subject to thermal cycling over a temperaturerange of 296 K to 370 K. The temperature dependence of

mechanical properties, including residual stress and thequality (Q-) factor of each membrane, were studied atlow pressure (10-3 mbar) and at room pressure. Exper-imental results are compared with models. The changein biaxial stress with temperature agrees well for a per-fect membrane. Unexpected behaviour was observed inone membrane which showed an increase in Q-factor withtemperature at low pressure, but the opposite behaviourat room pressure. This phenomenon was caused by cracksin the membrane caused by large amplitude vibrations ofthe membrane combined with thermal cycling.


Enhanced surface defect detection using focused electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) –(Contributed, 000022)

C. B. Thring, S. Hill, W. E. Somerset, A. Feeney and R. S. EdwardsUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK


Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) are non-contact ultrasound transducers which function primarilyvia Lorentz force induction. Their non- contact trans-duction mechanism allows for fast scanning, inspection ofrough, rusted, hot, or coated surfaces, and performancein harsh environments. To meet industry demand, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques need increasinglyhigh resolution for the detection of smaller defects. Forsurface acoustic wave inspection of surface-breaking de-fects, using a higher frequency wave will give better depthresolution. However, the EMAT coil width has to decrease

to increase the frequency, leading to a trade off with thesignal strength. The use of geometric focusing is show-ing promise for increasing ultrasound strength and defectimaging precision, overcoming some of the issues asso-ciated with the use of higher frequency surface acousticwaves.

Understanding and optimising transducer design is es-sential to obtain optimal signal strength, high frequencyoperation, and the ability to operate at stand-off fromthe sample. In this work multiple focused and unfocusedEMAT coil configurations are presented, for experimental

[email protected]

[email protected]


measurements, analytical calculations, and finite elementmodelling. Focusing is seen to give significantly enhancedresolution for defects, with accurate detection of 0.5 mmdepth, 1 mm diameter drilled holes, and thin cracks, 0.2wide, 2 mm length, 1.5 mm depth. The relationship be-

tween coil design, optimal frequency output, and stand-offis investigated. Multiple phased coils are then used in con-junction to increase signal strength without lowering thefrequency, by increasing the coil footprint without increas-ing the width of each individual coil.


FEM Study of Grain Size Evaluation in Polycrystalline Materials – (Contributed, 000032)

Z. Youxuana, N. Hua and J. Qub

aChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China; bNorthwestern University, 633 Clark

Street, Evanston, Il, 60208, USA


Quantitative grain size evaluation using ultrasonic signalsis a hot-spot issue in nondestructive testing of materials.In this study, we establish a reliable approach to mea-sure microstructures of polycrystalline materials throughVoronoi modeling and explicit finite element method.Two-dimensional hardcore Voronoi tessellations have upto 35,000 grains with uniformly random orientations, andare discretized using finite element method. Because noabsorption and slight diffusion are considered in FEMmodels, only grain scattering can lead to the major at-

tenuation. Then, two approaches, back-wall echo attenua-tion method in frequency domain and backscattered RMSgrain noise method in time domain, are employed to es-timate grain sizes of microstructures generated and areproved to be applicable because computed results are com-patible with statistical results of microstructures. Thisnumerical approach provides a way to quantitatively eval-uate grain sizes of microstructures, which can be used toguide experimental measurements for nondestructive eval-uation of grain size characterization.


Laser-induced ultrasound imaging for evaluation of temperature fields in paratellurite optical crystal– (Contributed, 000040)

V. P. Zarubina, K. B. Yushkovb, A. I. Chizhikovb, V. Y. Molchanovb, S. A. Tretiakovc, A. I. Kolesnikovc, E. B.Cherepetskayab and A. A. Karabutovb

aPhysical Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bNational University

of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation; cTver State University, 33 Zhelyabova

str., 170100 Tver, Russian Federation


The problem of internal temperature gradients is topi-cal in design of high- performance acousto-optic devices.Paratellurite (TeO2) is a common acousto-optic crystals.Typical configurations of quasicollinear acousto-optic de-vices use a slow shear bulk acoustic wave (BAW) in (110)plane and the interaction length of 40-70 mm along theBAW group velocity direction [1]. Attenuation of thiswave is of the order of few dB/cm in the frequency range50-100 MHz causing strong and inhomogeneous heating ofthe crystal during operation. Current study develops anapproach for evaluation of the temperature field based onmeasurements of BAW velocity in transverse directions tothe optical beam in a crystal. A laser-induced ultrasonicpulse is used for longitudinal BAW velocity measurement.This method provides high resolution due to short andaperiodic shape of wideband probe acoustic pulse [2,3].A flight time of the ultrasonic pulse is expressed by anintegralt =

∫ a

0dx

v0+α[T (x)−T0],

where a - crystal thickness, v0, T0, α - parameters, de-termining the longitudinal BAW velocity dependence onthe temperature in a specified direction. Following thisequation, it is possible to evaluate temperature distribu-tion parameters from the time-of-flight measurements. Astationary heat conduction problem was solved to set amodel temperature profile T (x) which depends on heatdiffusion coefficients. Measurements of the velocity weremade in a mesh of points on paratellurite acousto-opticdevice facets using automatized laser ultrasonic structur-oscope UDL-2M. The obtained dataset was used to forma system of equations, which allowed to evaluate the pa-rameters of temperature distribution in crystal volume.Acknowledgements: Increase competitiveness program ofNUST ”MISIS” (K2-2016- 072, K2-2017-003); RussianScience Foundation (16-17-10181).[1] S.N. Mantsevich, et al. Ultrason. 78, 175 (2017).[2] A.A. Karabutov, et al. J. Appl. Phys. 87, 2003 (2000).[3] A.Y. Ivochkin, et al. Acoust. Phys. 53, 471 (2007).

[email protected]

[email protected]



Experimental Evaluation of Impact Damage in an Adhesive Bonding Using Nonlinear UltrasonicMethod – (Contributed, 000042)

G. Shui and Y.-S. WangBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China


Adhesive bonding is widely used in various industrialapplications, such as safety-critical structures in theaerospace and automotive industries. Compared with suchtechniques as riveting, welding, and mechanical fasteners,adhesively bonded structural components usually providemany advantages because of their inherent nature to pro-vide more uniform stress transfer, high fatigue resistance,and a reduction in structural weight. In this paper, anapplication of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) tech-nique based on the nonlinear acoustics for experimentalcharacterization of impact damage in an adhesive bond-ing is presented. Adhesively bonded specimens made fromAZ31 magnesium-aluminum alloy were firstly subjectedto impact fatigue loading; the ultrasonic harmonics gen-erated due to impact damage within the adhesive layerwere thereafter measured. The Acoustic Nonlinearity Pa-

rameter (ANP) based on the fundamental and second har-monics was thus obtained. The experimental results showthat the normalized ANP, which is as an indicator of ma-terial properties, increases with the impact fatigue life.This demonstrates that the nonlinear ultrasonic measure-ment can be used to quantitatively characterize the impactdamage of adhesive bonding. Based on a theoretical modelwith different interfacial tension and compression stiffness,further theoretical and experimental research is conductedabout the impact damage of adhesive bonding using non-linear ultrasonic method. It is shown that the ANP basedon the theoretical model increases consistently with theexperimentally measured values. The results in this paperdemonstrate that the nonlinear ultrasonic method basedon the second harmonic generation technique can be usedto characterize the impact damage in an adhesive bonding.


Ultrasonic NDT and In-situ Acoustic Flow Control of Residual Stress – (Contributed, 000059)

C. XuBeijing Institute of Technology, No.5, Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, China


Residual stress is inherent property during material re-forming and mechanical structure or component manufac-turing, and is main original source resulting in deforma-tion, delay crack, broken, strength and anti-corrosion ca-pability reduction of structure, and quality and reliabilityreduction of mechanical equipment. Residual stress hadbeen stubborn and innate nature of workpiece machinedand produced including 3D print. It’s critical importantand very urgent for keeping mechanical equipment safetyto accurately and non-destructively testing and in- situcontrol and lessen and balance of residual stress inner ma-terial for large scale structure like bridge, high speed rail-way track, petroleum pipeline, vessel and tank etc. . Thisspeech analyses the causes and harmness of residual stress,discusses the acoustoelasticity principle for nondestructive

testing and the detection approach of Three-dimensionalresidual stress inner mechanical materials, including ul-trasonic testing for residual stress underneath the surfaceof material with LCR wave (critically refracted longitu-dinal wave), ultrasonic bulk wave (combining transversewith longitudinal wave) detection for residual stress in thebolts or thickness direction of components and the prin-ciple and method of nonlinear ultrasonic testing for resid-ual stress. And this speech proposes the basic principleof high-energy sound beam control approach in situ. Italso will give a wide range of applications in aerospace,aircraft, petroleum pipelines and welded steel structures,as well as the National Standard (GB/T 32073-2015) andCPNC Standard (Q/SY 05009-2016) for residual stress.

Mon 11:00 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 1

Non-hermitian valley states in artificial acoustic meta-crystals – (Invited, 000214)

J. ChristensenUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28916 Leganes (madrid), Spain


Acoustic analogues of electronic topological insulatorshave recently lead to a wealth of new opportunities inmanipulating sound propagation with strikingly uncon-

ventional acoustic edge modes immune to backscattering.Earlier fabrications of topological insulators are charac-terized by a fixed geometry and a very narrow frequency

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


response, which severely hinders the exploration and de-sign of useful devices. Here we establish topologically pro-tected sound in reconfigurable phononic crystals that canbe switched on and off simply by rotating its meta-atomswithout altering the lattice structure. Furthermore, weintroduce non-hermitian ingredients in terms of loss andgain in order to explore topologically protected acoustic

valley pseudospin transport properties with amplifying orattenuating states [1,2].

Zhiwang Zhang, Ye Tian, Ying Cheng, Qi Wei, XiaojunLiu, and Johan Christensen, submitted (2017).

Mudi Wang, Johan Christensen, Zhengyou Liu, submitted(2017).


Acoustic Topological States – (Contributed, 000175)

C. He, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. ChenNanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China


Recent explorations of topology in physical systems haveled to a new paradigm of condensed matters. In this talk, Iwill give three cases of acoustic topological states. Firstly,we propose an acoustic topological structure by creat-ing an effective magnetic field for sound using circularlyflowing air. This model breaks time-reversal symmetry,and therefore topological properties can be designed to benontrivial and thus to enable a topological acoustic crys-tal, featuring robust one-way propagation against defects.Secondly, we design a kind of topological phononic statesfor underwater sound using arrays of acoustic coupled ringresonators. In each individual resonator, two degenerateacoustic modes, i.e. clockwise and counter-clockwise prop-agation, are treated as opposite pseudospins. The topo-logical gapless edge states arise in the bandgap. Thirdly,

we report, by creating a double Dirac cone to realize thesymmetry inversion of acoustic energy bands, the first ex-perimental demonstration of an acoustic topological in-sulator. By deliberately manipulating the hopping inter-action of neighboring atoms, we successfully demonstratethe acoustic quantum spin Hall effect, characterized by ro-bust pseudospin-dependent sound transport. We furtherconfirm the topological immunity of the edge state againstdifferent lattice defects and disorders. These unique acous-tic topological materials can in principle be leveraged toexplore quantum analog of classical waves. The topologyinspiration of acoustic engineering will certainly promiseunique designs for next generation of acoustic devices insound guiding, splitting and switching.


Some Novel Effects of Phononic Crystals for Surface Acoustic Waves – (Contributed, 000174)

S.-Y. Yu, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu and Y.-F. ChenNanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China


In the past two decades, with the advent of phononiccrystal (PnCs), scientists have been able to manipulatethe acoustic wave in fascinating ways. Meanwhile, surfaceacoustic waves (SAW) are the excellent and well-roundedparticipants in today’s wireless communications and sens-ing industries, etc. Therefore, introducing the PnC to theSAW fields, i.e. phononic crystals based on surface acous-tic wave (S-PnC)1-3 are now demonstrating great impactin both scientific and technical fields. Here, the authorwill present some recent progress of the S-PnC, includ-ing: monolithic on-chip Surface Phononic Graphene andits related both SAW pseudo-diffusive and temporal beat-

ing effect4; Ultra-slow SAW, where the elastic velocity isachieved even slower than the sound velocity in air, achiev-ing by the modulation of surface phononic band- structure,etc.

References [1] Sepkhanov, R. A., Bazaliy, Y. B., andBeenakker, C. W. J, Phys. Rev. A 75, 063813 (2007).[2] Khelif, A., Achaoui, Y., Benchabane et al. Phys. Rev.B 81, 214303 (2010). [3] Theocharis G, Richoux O, GarcıaV R, et al. New Journal of Physics 16, 093017 (2014). [4]Yu, S. Y., Sun, X. C., Ni, X., et al. Nature Maters. 15,1243 (2016)

Mon 11:00 309 Acoustics and Cells

High-frequency ultrasound microbeam techniques: from cell manipulation to phyenotyping – (Invited,

000164)

J. Y. HwangDGIST, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technolog, 42988 Daegu, Republic of Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


For last decades, high-frequency ultrasound over 15 MHzhas been utilized in various biomedical ultrasound imagingtechnologies. However, its applications have remained tobe limited in biology and medicine since a high-frequencyultrasound system is typically high cost in system develop-ment and also has few advantages over optical microscopy.Therefore, the use of such high-frequency ultrasound hasbeen so far mostly limited to specific biomedical appli-cations. However, the high-frequency ultrasound tech-nologies such as high-frequency ultrasound microbeamshave recently gained many attentions since they have been

shown to be very useful for cell stimulation, manipulation,and characterizations. Therefore, many high-frequencyultrasound microbeam systems such as acoustic tweez-ers, a single cell stimulator, and a cell transfection sys-tem have been recently developed and further exploredfor such biomedical applications. Thus, we here intro-duce our recent research on high-frequency ultrasound mi-crobeam technologies for cell applications. In particular,we demonstrate the potentials of acoustic trapping andcell stimulation techniques with high-frequency ultrasoundmicrobeams for cell manipulation and phyenotyping.


Simple evaluation method of acoustic trapping performance by tracking motion of trapped micropar-ticle – (Contributed, 000093)

C. Yoona and H.G. Limb

aUnje University, 197 Inje-ro, Eobang-dong, A-110, 50834 Gimhae, Republic of Korea; bUniversity of Southern California, 1042

Downey Way University Park, DRB 136, Los Angeles, 90089-1111, USA


We report a method to evaluate the performances of asingle-beam acoustic tweezer using a high-frequency ul-trasound transducer. Motion of a trapped microparticleby a 45-MHz single element transducer was captured andanalyzed to deduce the magnitude of trapping forces. Themethod was used to estimate the effective trapping force inan acoustic tweezer experiment to assess cellular deforma-

bility similar to a bead-based assay that uses optical tweez-ers. The results showed that the trapping forces increasedas acoustic intensity and duty factor increased, and theforces eventually reached a plateau at higher acoustic in-tensities. They demonstrated that this method could beused as a simple tool to evaluate the performances and tooptimize the operating conditions of acoustic tweezers.


Enhancement of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Using Cavitation Bubbles for SonodynamicTreatment – (Contributed, 000134)

S. Nishitakaa, D. Mashikoa, R. Iwasakia, S. Yoshizawab and S.-I. UmemurabaTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku

University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


In the process of sonodynamic treatment, Reactive Oxy-gen Species (ROS) are generated to damage cancer cells,and therefore the reproducible efficiency of ROS genera-tion is significant for the treatment. Our previous studydemonstrated that Trigger HIFU (High-intensity focusedultrasound) exposure sequence, consisting of an extremelyhigh intensity and short pulse to generate cavitation bub-bles followed by a relatively low intensity and long burstto oscillate them was effective for enhancing the heatingeffect of HIFU. In this study, first it was confirmed thatthis sequence is also effective for ROS generation, and thenthe sequence was modified to increase the efficiency. Con-sidering to the diffusion of the precursors of ROS, twokinds of sequences, with and without focal scanning, weretested. To measure the amount of ultrasonically generatedROS, a KI method, in which triiodide ions are producedby ROS, was used. The amount of ROS can be estimatedby measuring the optical absorbance of the produced tri-

iodide ions. In this study, efficiencies of ROS generationwere calculated by dividing the absorbance by the inputacoustic energy. A high-speed camera was also used to ob-serve the distribution of cavitation bubbles in the aqueoussolution. The high-speed camera observation confirmedthat cavitation bubbles were generated around each focalpoint similarly in both sequences. More ROS was pro-duced with than without scanning foci, however, efficien-cies of ROS generation without scanning were larger thanthose with scanning. At each scanned focus, there was theintermission between the high intensity pulse and low in-tensity burst exposures due to scanning. It was also foundthat shorter intermission time there is, larger efficiencies ofROS generation. This may explain the difference in ROSproduction. A scanning exposure sequence with the highintensity pulse immediately followed by the low intensityburst should improve the ROS production rate.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Cetuximab coated albumin nanobubbles for enhanced cell killing and apoptosis of oral squamous car-cinoma cells – (Contributed, 000101)

A. Watanabea, H. Shenga, K. Narihirab, S. Kondob, T. Kikutab and K. TachibanaaaFukuoka University, School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, 8140180 Fukuoka, Japan;bFukuoka University, School of Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan, Fukuoka, 8140180 Fukuoka,

Japan


A novel ultrasound/microbubble (MB) -mediated tech-nique has been explored as a potential drug carrier foreffective accumulation within various tumor tissues. Inpresent study, we developed a human epidermal growthfactor receptor (EGFR) targeted albumin nanobubble(NB). The aims of this study were to investigate whetherthe efficiency of ultrasound cell killing and apoptosis in-duction could be enhanced by this targeted NBs in oralsquamous carcinoma cell line HSC-2 and the feasibilityof NBs for ultrasound imaging of tumor vascularization.For fabrication of the EGFR targeted NBs, the surface ofthe NBs was coated by the monoclonal antibody cetux-imab. Cells were exposed to ultrasound for 15 second invitro in presence of targeted/ non-targeted NBs. Threetypes of acoustic intensity (0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 W/cm2) were

used for the experiments. Treated cells were analyzed forcell viability and levels of apoptosis. The targeted NBs incombination with ultrasound induced significant increaseof cell killing rate at all ultrasound intensities compared tonon-targeted NBs (p<0.05). Furthermore, the percentageof apoptotic cells in the treated with targeted NB plus ul-trasound were 7.8±0.5% (0.8 W/cm2) and 10.0±0.8% (0.9W/cm2), which was approximately 50% times higher thanthe non-tageted NBs plus ultrasound (p<0.05). The NBsinto flow vessel phantom could be characterized as highecho area by 40 MHz high frequency ultrasound imaging.Our fabricated targeted NBs may be applied as a noveltherapeutic/diagnostic NBs for oral squamous cell carci-noma.


Dynamics of Acoustic Droplet Vaporization Induced Sonoporation on Single cell – (Contributed, 000067)

Y. FengXi’an Jiaotong University, P.O. Box 28, Xianning West Road, 710049 Xi’An City, China


Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has the mechanicaleffects on the nearby cells , which could cause cell sono-poration and facilitate drug delivery, thus shows the greatpotential in the extravascular tumor-targeting theranos-tics.Understanding the interaction between ADV bubbleand cell is significant to develop the effective approach invivo and then in clinic.We introduced high speed imagingand fluorescent imaging in a confocal acoustic-optical mi-croscopic system to investigate how ADV bubble act onthe nearby single cell. Propidium iodide (PI) and Calcein-AM were used to indicate the cell membrane damage and

reheal.It indicated that ADV mainly caused irreversiblesonoporation rather than reversible sonoporation.The cellsonoporation was relevant to the rapid formation, expan-sion and contraction of ADV bubbles and the cell mem-brane deformation caused by ADV bubble displacement.The ADV bubble size and bubble-cell distance have greateffects on the degree of sonoporation. The study couldhelp us to understand the mechanical and biological mech-anism of ADV-cell interaction and develop ADV involvedtheranostic approach.

Mon 11:00 307B BAW and SAW Resonators and Applications

Recent Progress on Quartz Crystal Resonators for Frequency Control Applications – (Invited, 000183)

M.-C. Chaoa and J. WangbaTXC (Ningbo) Corporation, 189 Huangshan West Road, Beilun, 315800 Ningbo, China; bNingbo University, School of Mech Eng &

Mechanics, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China


Quartz Crystal Resonators are one of the major applica-tions of BAW devices. Because the high Q and good widetemperature frequency stability of quartz resonators, theyare widely used for frequency control and timing purpose

on modern electronics devices. This paper report the re-cent progress about quartz crystal resonators for frequencycontrol applications. It will introduce Quartz CrystalResonators products and manufacture processes, and also

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


the applications and technologies. Recent progress aboutproducts for major applications including mobile phone,automotive, and 5G communication will be covered, andalso review the recent development about the Industry,especially for fastest growth area China. Through moreand more internet of things, IoT, more quartz crystal res-

onators will be needed and the demands on products andthe competition between businesses will drive the tech-nologies development and shape the industry continuously– The technology evolution and competitions still on theway.


Optimal Orientations of Quartz Crystals for Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators with the Considerationof Thermal Properties – (Contributed, 000051)

J. Wanga, L. Zhanga, L. Xiea, H. Huanga, M. Maa, J. Dua, M.-C. Chaob, S. Shenb and R. Wuc

aNingbo University, School of Mech Eng & Mechanics, 818 Fenghua Road, 315211 Ningbo, China; bTXC (Ningbo) Corporation, 189

Huangshan West Road, Beilun, 315800 Ningbo, China; cNingbo Polytechnic, Department of Civil Engineering, 1067 Xinda Road,

315800 Ningbo, China


Piezoelectric crystals are widely used for acoustic wave res-onators of different functioning modes and types includingBAW and SAW. It is well-known that only some specialorientations of crystals will exhibit desirable propertiessuch as mode couplings, thermal sensitivity, accelerationsensitivity, and others that are important in design and ap-plications of resonators. With extensive studies on physi-cal properties in last decades and industrial needs of novelproducts, it is necessary to comb the known knowledge ofquartz crystal material for novel orientations and betterproducts is on the top of list of agendas in the industry.With known material properties like elastic, piezoelectric,constants, and thermal constants, we can establish the re-lationships between vibrations and bias fields such as tem-

perature to ensure a resonator immunizing from excessiveresponse to changes resulting significant degradation ofresonator properties and performances. Since the theoret-ical framework of wave propagation in piezoelectric solidsis known, we need to use the existing data and results forthe validation of current orientations in actual products.The agreement will give us needed confidence of the theoryand analytical procedures. Through rotations, we calcu-lated physical properties as functions of angles and biasfields, enabling the calculation of resonator properties forthe identification of optimal cuts. Such a procedure canalso be applied to similar crystals for a careful examina-tion of possible orientations to maximize the potential useof materials in acoustic wave resonators.


Acoustofluidic Multibody Simulations of Hydrodynamically and Acoustically Interacting Particles Be-yond the Rayleigh Limit – (Contributed, 000163)

T. Baascha and J. DualbaETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Tannenstrasse 3, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; bInstitute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich,

Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland


In microscale acoustophoresis, sound is used for the con-tactless handling of microparticles, droplets, cells andsmall organisms. In our work, we devised an algorithmto predict the trajectories of these particles inside a soundfield and compared its predictions to experiments. Themain driving factor of the particle motion in the acousticfield is the acoustic radiation force, a non-zero second or-der time averaged effect [1]. However, in order to achievesatisfying results for the dynamics of multiple particles,the hydrodynamic interactions, contact laws and acousticinteractions should also be taken into account. We com-bined an analytical model of the acoustic particle-particleinteractions [2] with a Stokesian dynamics formulationfor the hydrodynamic interactions [3] and a Moreau typetime-stepper [4], able to handle non-smooth set-valuedcontact laws, into one numerical method. The trajecto-ries determined by our algorithm are in good agreement

to experimentally obtained values, giving deeper insightsinto effects such as the particle-chain formation [5].Using a semi-analytical model for the acoustic radiationforce, however, limits the application range of the algo-rithm to the Rayleigh limit, i.e. to wavelengths muchlarger than the particle diameter. An assumption that isnot valid anymore in surface acoustic wave (SAW) technol-ogy. To overcome this limitation, our method was coupledwith the Finite Element Method (FEM), which allows tocalculate the acoustic radiation forces even if the acous-tic wavelength is comparable to the particle diameter, i.e.beyond the Rayleigh limit.References [1] L. P. Gor’Kov. Soviet Physics Doklady. Vol.6. (1962). [2] G. T. Silva et al. Phys. Rev. E 90.6, 063007(2014). [3] L. Durlofsky, et al. J. Fluid Mech.180 (1987).[4] J. Moreau. Springer Vienna (1988). [5] T. Baasch etal. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.141.3 (2017).

[email protected]

[email protected]



Enhanced ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties in La modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 Multiferroic Ce-ramics prepared by tape casting – (Contributed, 000294)

S. Shena, J. Chenb and J. ChengcaShanghai University, Sangda Road 99, Shanghai, Sangda Road 99, Shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China; bShanghai University, Sangda

Road 99, Shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China; cShanghai University, Shangda Road 99, shanghai, 200444 Shanghai, China


The BiFeO3-PbTiO3 (BF-PT) BF-PT system has at-tracted a broad attention due to its multiferroic natureand its consolidated polycrystalline form with exception-ally high tetragonality (c/a ratio) of approximately 1.17closed to the MPB. However, low insulation and huge in-ternal mechanical stresses existed in BF-PT system wouldrestrain the application of BF-PT multiferroic ceramics.Works on La modified BF-PT ceramic have obtained ahighly insulated ceramic with dielectric loss of 0.03 at 100Hz, and the c/a ratio of the ceramic is calculated to 1.03.The tape casting owns excellent convenience in multilayerstructure design through tapes lamination compared witha conventional process. Some reports found tape castingwas a good preparation process to improve the piezoelec-tric property of ceramics. In this work, the polycrystalline0.57(Bi0.8La0.2) FeO3-0.43PbTiO3 (BLF-43PT) ceramicswere prepared by a lamination process based on a non-

aqueous tape casting, solid-state reaction method, respec-tively. The results indicate that the tape casting methodexerts some obvious impacts on the performance of ceram-ics. XRD results indicated that all the ceramics showedthe coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal coexistentphase without clearly detectable secondary phase. Themore densified and uniform grains were observed in BLF-43PT ceramic prepared by tape casting. The BLF-43PTceramic prepared by tape casting can obtain a squareshaped ferroelectric hysteresis loops with large remnantpolarization of 40µC/cm2. Furthermore, enhanced andhuge field-induced strain of 0.5% at 60 kV/cm, frequencyof 1 Hz was observed in ceramic prepared by tape casting.Our results indicate that properties of BLF-PT ceramicsprepared by a lamination process based on a non-aqueoustape casting method can be comparable to that of theceramics by conventional process.


Theoretical and experimental study of c-axis-tilted ScAlN / sapphire for SAW devices with high elec-tromechanical coupling – (Contributed, 000223)

S. Tokudaa, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawac and T. YanagitanidaDoshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku,

4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; dWaseda University,

3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan


SAW devices have been widely used as the key parts ofmobile phone. High electromechanical coupling coeffi-cient K 2 is required for a wide filter bandwidth and a lowloss. ScAlN films have attracted much attention becauseof its high piezoelectric property. ScAlN / high-velocity-substrate (e.g., 6H-SiC and diamond) structure has highSAW phase velocity and K 2. In previous study, we the-oretically analyzed K 2 in c-axis-tilted Sc0.4Al0.6N / dia-mond substrate structure as functions of normalized filmthickness H /λ and c-axis tilt angle ψ. The K 2 with the c-axis-tilted film was higher than that with c-axis-normally-oriented film because high piezoelectric coefficient e33 con-tributes to excite SV wave which is one component ofSAW. However, it is difficult to perform experiments us-ing diamond substrate because it is very expensive. Inthis study, we theoretically analyzed K 2 in c-axis-tiltedSc0.4Al0.6N film / R-sapphire substrate structure. The

K 2 reached 3.9% (phase velocity V = 5521 m/s) at H /λ= 0.20 and ψ = 90 and 3.7% (V = 4317 m/s) at H /λ= 0.92 and ψ = 54 in Rayleigh mode SAW. Next, c-axistilted ScAlN films were grown on R- sapphire substrate byusing an RF magnetron sputtering system. The substrateholder angle γ to the target surface plane was adjusted tobe 0, 45, 60 and 90. c-Axis tilt angle of ScAlN filmobtained ψ = 11.2, 26.4, 33.1 and 56.3 on R-sapphiresubstrate at γ = 0, 45, 60 and 90, respectively. Thec-axis tilt angle ψ increased with increasing the substratetilt angle γ. Then, IDTs were fabricated on the samples.The insertion loss with c-axis-33-tilted ScAlN film was34 dB, whereas that with c-axis-normally-oriented ScAlNfilm was 47 dB. Although the farther investigations of c-axis-56-tilted ScAlN are required, high K 2 is expectedwith increasing c-axis tilt angle.

Mon 11:00 308A Engineering Applications of Power Ultrasonics

Ultrasonic Joining of Hybrid Materials and Structures for Engineering Applications – (Invited, 000095)

[email protected]

[email protected]


F. BalleTU Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany


A central research field of our group is the realizationand to study innovative multi-material or even hybridjoints by ultrasonic welding techniques. The talk givesan over-view about suitable ultrasonic welding systems aswell as important parameters, which influence the qualityand microstructure of dissimilar joints. Besides the well-established spot welding technique also special ultrasonic-based welding techniques like torsion and roll-seam weld-ing will be introduced for joints between dissimilar lightmetals such as aluminum to titanium as well as lightweight

hybrid welds between fiber reinforced polymer compositesto automotive and aerospace light alloys. The high fre-quency process (20 kHz) was monitored by online NDT-methods like thermography and laser-vibrometry. All real-ized multi-material joints were characterized by their me-chanical performance. Furthermore the welded interfaceas well as fracture surfaces after mechanical loading wereinvestigated in detail by using light optical and electronmicroscopy (SEM and TEM) as well as spectroscopy (EDXand EELS).


Ultrasonic Complex Vibration Welding Systems Using Two- dimensional Vibration Stress -Ultrasonicwelding using various welding tips - – (Contributed, 000057)

J. TsujinoKanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkaubashi, Kanagawa-ku, 221-8686 Yokohama, Japan


Conventional ultrasonic welding method using linear vi-bration locus has limited welding characteristics. Forimproving welding characteristics, ultrasonic complex vi-bration welding method using two-dimensional vibrationstress was developed and proved significantly effective forvarious small to large welding specimens. Ultrasonic metalwelding is used for joining same and different metal ma-terials and obtained welded part has superior mechani-cal and electrical characteristics. Welding mechanism isbased on atomic force and welded interface has no dif-fusion and no inter-metallic structure. Complex vibra-tion converter using diagonal slits driven by a longitu-dinal vibration source was proposed for ultrasonic com-plex welding of various specimens. The longitudinal totorsional complex vibration converter vibrates in rotat-ing circular to elliptical vibration locus at a free edge ofthe converter in the case where vibration phase differencebetween longitudinal and torsional vibrations is about 90degrees. The converter was designed using equivalent elec-trical transmission line method and FEM. Using complex

vibration, required vibration velocity becomes one-thirdto quarter compared with conventional welding and weldstrength near to material strength was obtained indepen-dent of specimen position and direction with smaller vibra-tion damages of welding specimens. Furthermore, usingthe complex vibration welding tip with rotating circularto elliptical vibration locus, soft metal such as lead andlead/tin solder and also electric wire with insulating coat-ing are welded successfully which are almost impossibleto weld using conventional ultrasonic welding with linearvibration. Various welding tips could be installed the freeedge part using a connecting bolt due to smaller requiredvibration velocity. Complex vibration welding tip is easilychangeable. Welding characteristics of various metal spec-imens such as aluminum, copper, nickel and aluminum al-loy plates and foils were studied using 20, 27 and 40 kHzcomplex vibration welding systems. Many thin metal foilelectrode and terminals for Li-ion battery and capacitorwere welded successfully using the complex vibration sys-tems.


Study of Ultrasonic-Assisted Ozone Treatment on Oil Recovery Wastewater from Polymer Flooding –(Contributed, 000254)

W. Songa, S. Yua, L. Zhangb and W. WangaaHarbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China; bNo.703 RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CSIC, No.

35 Honghu Road, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150078 Harbin, China


Polymer flooding technology is a promising method to im-prove the oil recovery rate. However, a large amount ofpolymer in the oil recovery wastewater makes the wastew-ater appear high viscosity, which delays the separation ofoil and water. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted ozone was

proposed to degrade the polymer in oil recovery wastew-ater. The effect of ultrasonic treatment, ozone treatmentand ultrasonic-assisted ozone treatment on viscosity andpolymer concentration of the wastewater was investigatedexperimentally.

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Firstly, the same oil recovery wastewater from polymerflooding was treated by ultrasound and ozone separately.With the ultrasonic treatment of 10 minutes, the viscosityand polymer concentration of wastewater was reduced by96.56% and 55.64% respectively. With the ozone treat-ment of 10 minutes, the viscosity and polymer concen-tration of wastewater was reduced by 13.44% and 82.60%respectively. This indicates that ultrasound is more effi-cient for viscosity reduction while ozone is more efficientfor polymer degradation.With the treatment of 1-minute ozonation and 3-minutesultrasound sequentially, the viscosity and polymer concen-

tration of wastewater were reduced by 95.80% and 75.64%respectively. Moreover, when the wastewater was treatedby 3-minutes ultrasound and 1-minute ozonation sequen-tially, the viscosity and polymer concentration of wastewa-ter were reduced by 95.14% and 92.31% respectively. Thisis because that the macromolecular chains of polymer arebroken by ultrasonic cavitation, and the resultant lowmolecular weight polymer is more susceptible to be de-graded by ozone. In conclusion, ultrasonic-assisted ozoneis an effective way for polymer degradation and viscosityreduction, which is much helpful for the treatment of oilrecovery wastewater form polymer flooding.


Dynamic Characteristics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers – (Contributed, 000016)

A. Feeneya, L. Kangb, G. Rowlandsb and S. Dixona

aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics

Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK


The flexural ultrasonic transducer is a robust and inex-pensive device which can be used as either a transmit-ter or receiver of ultrasound, commonly used as proximitysensors or in industrial metrology systems. Their sim-ple construction comprises a piezoelectric disc bonded toa metal cap, which is a membrane that can be consid-ered as a constrained plate. Flexural transducers tendto be driven with a short voltage burst of several cyclesat a nominal resonant frequency, in one of two vibrationmodes. The physics of their vibration response has notbeen thoroughly reported, and yet an understanding of

their operation is essential to optimise application. Thevibration behaviour of a flexural transducer can be discre-tised into three principal zones, comprising a build-up tosteady-state, steady-state, and a natural decay, or ring-down. This discretisation can be used to develop mathe-matical interpretations of the flexural transducer response.Through a combination of experimental methods includ-ing laser Doppler vibrometry, and the development of amechanical analog model, the response mechanisms of flex-ural transducers are investigated.

Mon 11:00 308B Ultrasound Signal and Image Processing

Simultaneous Enhancement of B-Mode Axial and Lateral Resolution using Axial Deconvolution –(Contributed, 000126)

A. Makraa, G. Csanya, K. Szalaib and M. Gyongya

aPazmany Peter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Prater utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;bSemmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Ulloi ut 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary


Enhancement of image resolution in ultrasound images iskey to help clinicians find early indicators of pathologicallesions. Image resolution enhancement relies on decon-volving the point spread function (PSF) of the imagingsystem out of the raw ultrasound image prior to envelopedetection and other post- processing steps. Unfortunately,in most cases the PSF is spatially variant, complicating itsestimation and subsequent use in deconvolution. The cur-rent work is driven by the realization that the PSF canbe decomposed into spatially invariant and variant com-ponents, namely the electric and geometric responses ofthe transducer element(s). Since the electric response actsalong the depth or axial direction, depth-independent ax-ial deconvolution can be performed along the entire image.Moreover, since axial deconvolution effectively shapes the

frequency response of the transducer, lateral resolution,which improves with increasing central frequency, can alsobe enhanced. Lateral resolution can be further enhancedusing high-pass filtering, although since axial resolutiondepends on transducer bandwidth, care must be takennot to limit the latter. Using simulated and experimentaldata from two single element transducers (of 20, 35 MHznominal frequencies), it is shown frequency-weighted ax-ial deconvolution can simultaneously improve resolutionby up to 25% in both directions. The results demonstratea framework for improving axial and lateral resolution forultrasound images that is unaffected by depth-dependenteffects and that can balance the need for axial and lateralresolution improvement based on their relative values.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Development of skin thickness measurement algorithm for HIFU treatment guidance – (Contributed,

000114)

E.-J. Shina, J. Leea and J. H. Changa,b,caDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment

of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cSogang Institutes of

Advanced Technology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea


HIFU can cause irreversible tissue damage, image-basedguidance is a pivotal feature for safe and accurate treat-ment. For beauty treatment, especially, it is necessary toknow the thickness of skin layer before treatment. UnlikeHIFU systems for tumor therapy, however, HIFU probesfor beauty treatment should be inexpensive because theyneed to be replaced frequently. For this reason, insteadof using expensive imaging array transducers, single ele-ment transducers are desirable for skin thickness measure-ments. Unless a very high-frequency ultrasound trans-ducer (∼100 MHz) is used, it is difficult to distinguishthe echoes from adjacent skin layers. If the difference inacoustic impedance between two layers is low, the inten-sity of echoes from the boundary of the layers is similarto system noise floor. For these reasons, skin thicknessmeasurement based on envelope signals obtained by gen-eral quadrature demodulation is sometimes inaccurate. Tosolve this problem, cross-correlation between impulse re-

sponse of a transducer and A-line data was conducted be-fore envelope detection. For the evaluation, we obtained50 scanlines in 0.1 mm intervals by mechanically translat-ing either an 8 MHz or 26 MHz imaging transducers onthe cheek, and compared the ultrasound images obtainedusing the conventional envelope detection and the pro-posed algorithms. The proposed algorithm distinguishedthree layers and provided the information about the thick-nesses of 1.36, 1.54, and 1.86 mm when using the 8 MHztransducer. In contrast, only one layer thickness of 1.1mm was available in case of the 26 MHz transducer dueto the frequency-dependent attenuation of ultrasound. Inall cases, however, the proposed algorithm was superiorto the conventional one, i.e., better contrast and clearerboundary between the layers. The thicknesses of threelayers measured using the 8 MHz transducer correspondto the superficial dermis, deep dermis, and SMAS that aretarget layers in HIFU skin lifting.


Reconstruction of wavespeed maps using seismic full waveform inversion – (Contributed, 000142)

E. Bachmann and J. TrompPrinceton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, 08544, USA


A wavespeed map reconstruction method using transducerarrays is presented, based on seismic full waveform in-version. It relies on an optimization problem that aimsto minimize discrepancies between data recorded by thetransducers and synthesized data obtained from a com-puterized physical model of the medium. The problem issolved with local optimization tools, and the gradient ofthe cost function is obtained with two numerical wavefield

simulations based on a spectral element method. The as-sociated computational cost, previously too expensive, hasbecome acceptable thanks to continuously growing com-puting power. Specifically, Graphics Processing Units areused to reduce the computation time. The experimentalset-up geometry plays an important role in convergence ofthe method. An optimized set-up is determined, and 2Dand 3D results are presented.


Evaluation of Blood Flow Dynamics in Normal and Myocardial Infarction Hearts Using Echodynamog-raphy – (Contributed, 000171)

S. Oktamuliania, K. Hasegawab and Y. SaijocaTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku

University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575 Sendai, Japan; cTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-

05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


Blood flow dynamics was analyzed in normal and myocar-dial infarction (MI) subjects using Echodynamography(EDG). EDG visualizes two-dimensional (2D) distribution

of blood flow vector in the left ventricle (LV) applying thetheories of fluid dynamics to color Doppler echocardiog-raphy data. The principle concept of EDG is that non-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


turbulent LV blood flow is described as the combinationof base flow and vortex flow. The vortex flow is consideredas 2D flow on a plane so that classical ”stream function”is applied to obtain 2D blood flow vector. The base flow isdefined as the flow without vortex formation on the plane.Newly proposed ”flow function” considers blood flow toand from other plane and the 2D vector of the base flowis obtained with the flow function. Color Doppler dataof LV apical three-chamber view were recorded by a com-mercially available medical ultrasound equipment with thecentral frequency of 2.5 MHz and the repetition rate of 4

kHz. Blood flow distribution was different in normal andMI subjects. In the isovolumetric contraction period, asmall vortex was observed in normal LV while a large ro-tating flow was observed in MI. In the ejection period,blood flow was concentrated to LV outflow in normal LVwhile a vortex was observed at LV apex in MI. The dif-ference of the flow pattern may be influenced by the dif-ference of LV contractility. EDG will provide importantinformation on the energy transfer from LV contraction tothe LV blood flow.


Two-dimensional Blood Flow Vectors Obtained with a Single Sector Probe – (Contributed, 000205)

M. Maedaa, R. Nagaokaa, S. Yaegashib, H. Ikedab and Y. SaijoaaTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical

Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death.Blood flow measurement is essential to diagnose regurgi-tation or stenosis of the heart valve. Furthermore, quan-titative flow analysis in the heart cavity is important topredict the prognosis of heart failure. Among several med-ical imaging modalities for blood flow visualization, colorDoppler ultrasound imaging has the highest spatial andtemporal resolution. However, conventional color Dopplermethod has the limitation that the method merely mea-sures the one-dimensional (1D) blood flow velocity alongthe ultrasonic beam. In this study, we propose a methodto deduce two-dimensional (2D) blood flow velocity vec-tors from pairs of 1D velocity components measured fromtwo different angles. Diverging beams from two differentpoint sources set in a single sector probe having a cen-ter frequency of 2.5 MHz were transmitted and received.Thus, blood flow velocity at arbitrary point was measured

with two different angles. 1D velocity component on eachdiverging beam was measured by Doppler technique andthe 2D velocity vector were deduced from the geometric re-lation of the 1D velocity components. In order to validatethe method, in vitro experiment was conducted by usinga flow PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) gel phantom. 2D veloc-ity vectors obtained with the proposed method were com-pared with the flow vectors obtained with PIV (ParticleImage Velocimetry) method. In case of vortex flow withthe velocity range from 0 to 100 mm/s, a root mean squareerror of axial and lateral components was 11.4 mm/s and31.7 mm/s, respectively. The method was also applied toin vivo measurement of the left ventricular blood flow ofa 22-year-old healthy volunteer. 2D distribution of bloodflow vectors in the left ventricle was clearly visualized ineach cardiac phase. The method may provide importantinformation on cardiac flow dynamics.


Effects of flow velocities on the pressure wave using a blood vessel mimicking tube – (Contributed,

000284)

F. Iwasea, S.-Y. Shimadaa and M. MatsukawabaDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, 610-0321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyako-

dani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan


The pressure wave in artery is very similar to the pulsewave measured in vivo, which can be an indicator of thearterial stiffness. In this study, in order to investigatethe behavior pressure wave in arteries, especially near thebifurcation, pressure wave and flow wave were experimen-tally studied using blood vessel model tubes. At first, theeffects of bifurcation angles on the pressure waveform wereinvestigated. A bifurcation tube composed of two types oftubes with different diameter was fabricated. The diam-eter and thickness of each bifurcation polymer tube weredetermined according to the configuration of the left com-

mon carotid artery and internal carotid artery. The youngmodulus of these tubes was set to 180kPa.The propaga-tion phenomena in the bifurcation tube was elucidated bytwo experiments, one is to check the effect of bifurcationangles on the flow velocities and the other is to check ef-fect of various flow velocities on the pressure waveforms.By flowing tracer particles into the tubes filled with wa-ter, the flow velocity was measured using a particle imagevelocimetry (PIV) using a high speed camera (MC-2.1,Photron). The pressure wave was also measured using apressure sensor (AP-10S, KEYENCE). As a result, the

[email protected]

[email protected]


larger the bifurcation angle becomes, the more the flowvelocity decreases. However, the pressure waveform didnot depend on the bifurcation angle. Because the pulse

wave reflects the characteristics of the pressure wave, theeffect of the bifurcation on the pulse wave seems small.

Mon 13:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 1

Discovery of Transmodal Fabry-Perot Resonance for Elastic Wave Mode Conversion – (Invited, 000084)

Y. Y. Kima, J. M. Kweuna and X. YangbaSeoul National University, Depart of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of

Korea; b BK21 Plus Transformative Program for Creative Mechanical & Aerospace Engineers, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro,

Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea


Unlike acoustic waves in fluids, elastic waves in solids haveboth longitudinal and transverse modes. Because of theco-existence of dissimilar modes, conversion ofone modetype solely to another is not possible in isotropic media un-less their propagation directions are altered. Also, existingrefraction/reflection based techniques have low conversionefficiency. If high-efficiency mode conversion is possible,one can effectively generate from a longitudinal mode atransverse mode that is difficult to generate directly. Then

one can use it for powerful transverse mode based ultra-sound imaging. Here, we report a recent discovery of thetransmodal Fabry-Perot resonance by which wave modescan be converted at high efficiency. It can also maintaintheir propagation directions. Interesting, the phenomenonoccurs only through an anisotropic slab and thus we elab-orately designed anisotropic elastic metamaterials used forexperiments.


Elastic waves in tunable acoustic metamaterials by active control – (Contributed, 000046)

Y.-Z. Wang and Y.-S. WangBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China


The elastic wave behaviors of acoustic and mechanicalmetamatrials have received a lot of attention. Someunique features such as the stop bands and negative dy-namical mass can be achieved. Then, many investigationsare focused on the tunable properties of these characteris-tics elastic waves in acoustic and mechanical metamatrials.Although some tunable methods on the stop bands havebeen reported, they usually apply the passive methodswhich are not easily changed based on the practical engi-neering situations. Differently, by the automatic systemcharacteristics, the active control action can receive the ex-

ternal information and make the corresponding response.So this study will show the properties of elastic waves intunable acoustic metamaterials by the active control ac-tion. From the result, it can be seen that both the bandgap properties and frequency region that generates thenegative dynamic mass can be actively controlled by thismethod.

This work is supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China under Grant Nos. 11772039 and11532001.


Elastic wave lens and mirror concepts for enhanced energy harvesting – (Contributed, 000244)

S. Tol, L. Degertekin and A. ErturkGeorgia Institute of Technology, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, 771 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, 30332, USA


This talk presents our recent efforts on the spatial focusingand enhanced harvesting of structure-borne waves by tai-loring the refraction and reflection characteristics of elasticmedia. The two approaches of interest are the use of elas-tic wave lens and mirror structures. In the first gradient-index lens scenario, we discuss our computational and ex-

perimental results on the focusing and harvesting of planewaves by means of a Gradient-Index Phononic CrystalLens (GRIN-PCL). The proposed GRIN-PCL is formedby an array of blind holes with different diameters. Theblind hole distribution is tailored to obtain a hyperbolicsecant profile of refractive index for the lowest antisym-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


metric Lamb wave mode. A piezoelectric energy harvesterlocated at the focus of the GRIN-PCL yields an order ofmagnitude larger power output as compared to the base-line case. The second lens concept is a phononic crystal-based Luneburg lens and it alleviates the directivity is-sue due to its axisymmetric refractive index profile. ThisLuneburg lens employing hexagonal blind hole unit cells isalso investigated numerically and experimentally. Omni-directional performance of the Luneburg lens is validatedexperimentally, and more than an order of magnitude in-crease in the harvested power is observed as comparedto the baseline scenario. We also review our StructurallyEmbedded Mirror (SEM) concepts for enhanced energy

harvesting. A detailed investigation of SEM design, anal-ysis, and experimental validation is presented. The SEMsproposed in this effort use metallic spheres (e.g. tungsten)inserted into blind holes in a flat aluminum plate domain.While the SEM performance improves with impedancemismatch, transmission resonances of the inclusions aredetrimental to reflection performance. A relationship be-tween elastic mirror geometry and wavelength is unveiledto minimize energy concentration in side lobes around theintended focus. This talk concludes with metamaterial-based low-frequency lens and mirror concepts by exploit-ing locally resonant unit cells.


Stress wave mitigation and filtering via origami-based metamaterials – (Contributed, 000099)

H. Yasuda and J. YangUniversity of Washington, 311B Guggenheim Hall, Box 352400, Seattle, 98195-2400, USA


We study the formation and propagation of nonlinearstress waves in origami-based mechanical metamaterials.These metamaterial systems are composed of architectedarrays of volumetric origami cells, which allow us to tailortheir mechanical properties at will by leveraging the su-perb tunability of origami. We report that these origamiarchitectures can support novel types of linear and non-linear stress waves, thereby leading to an efficient man-agement of stress waves propagating in them. We focus

specifically on the stress wave mitigation and filtering ca-pabilities of the origami-based metamaterials. The uniqueaspect of these systems as mechanical impact and vibra-tion absorbers is that they do not rely on material damp-ing or plasticity, in contrast to conventional damping ma-terials and structures. This may offer a new design methodto fabricate highly efficient and controllable - yet reusable- mechanical impact/vibration mitigating systems for var-ious engineering applications.


Elastic Metamaterial for Vibration Shielding at Broad Low Frequencies – (Contributed, 000122)

J. H. Oha, S. Qib, Y. Y. Kimc and B. AssouarbaUNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 112 Dong 801-11 Ho, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea; bUniversity of Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean

Lamour, Faculte des Sciences et Technologies, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, P 70239, Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, 54506 Nancy, France;cSeoul National University, Depart of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Kwanak-ro 1, Kwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Republic of

Korea


In spite of various efforts using metamaterial, achievingstop band over broad band at low frequency ranges hasremained a great challenge. In this work, we propose anew idea that can provide extremely low frequency stopband at broad frequency ranges. To achieve the broad stopband at low frequencies, we propose a new idea, called adual mechanism of shear stiffening and rotation softening.From the theory of flexural elastic wave, we found thatthe lower edge frequency of the stop band is dominated bythe rotational stiffness, while the upper edge frequency, by

the shear stiffness. Therefore, one can independently tuneeach frequencies, which can provide very broad stop bandat low frequencies. Based on this new idea, we propose anew elastic metamaterial having shear stiffening and ro-tation softening. Numerical and theoretical results willbe shown to support our new idea of shear stiffening androtation softening. Also, we will show the experimental re-alization of elastic metamaterial having extremely broadstop band at very low frequencies - which almost coversgeneral vibration frequencies.

Mon 13:00 307B Acoustic Modeling of Sound Fields in Complex Environments

Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of complex media - case studies – (Invited, 000033)

N. F. Declercqa, L. Chehamib, P. Pomaredec, F. Meraghnic, E. Ahmed Mohammedb and O. Ez-Zahraouyb

aGeorgia Institute of Technology, UMI Georgia Tech - CNRS 2958, 2 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France; bGEORGIA INSTITUTE OF

[email protected]

[email protected]


TECHNOLOGY, UMI Georgia Tech - CNRS 2958, 2 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France; cLEM3, UMR CNRS 7239, Art et Metiers

Paris Tech, 4 Rue Augustin Fresnel, 57078 Metz, France


Case studies of nondestructive techniques are presented forthe investigation of complex media (composites, periodicbi-materials). In many cases, c-scans or polar scans oftendo not reveal sufficient information about the medium, areason why it is important to use more sophisticated ap-proaches. Composite samples exhibit generally a complexanisotropic evolution of defects induced by several damagemechanisms. As damage monitoring tools, two methodsare proposed and described here. The first is based on adirect measurement of the complete stiffness tensor. Anattractive approach was recently proposed which consid-ers the reverberated ”coda” part, as in musical acoustics,instead of the common ”ballistic” waves. The main dam-age indicator in the case of the use of coda waves is the

change in relative wave velocity. Here, both methods areinvestigated for different damage mechanisms. Then, non-destructive evaluation of a 3D bi-material structure will bepresented. The difficulty of applying ultrasonic techniquesto bi-material structures lies in the fact that different phe-nomena coexist, such as diffraction effects caused by theperiodicity and the nonlinear effects caused by the ad-hesion properties between matrix and fibers. Here, bothphenomena are investigated using ultrasonic Bragg diffrac-tion and nonlinear modulation spectroscopy techniques.Finally, an X-Ray tomography imaging is performed andreveals complementary information about the evolution ofvolume voids inside the materials.


Ultrasound field simulation in crystal-based acousto-optic devices – (Contributed, 000065)

S. N. Mantsevicha, V. I. Balakshya, K. B. Yushkovb and V. Y. Molchanovb

aLomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bNational University of Science and

Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russian Federation


The problem of bulk ultrasonic beam propagation in crys-tals is solved for acousto-optic (AO) devices. Ultrasonicbeam structure is simulated and analyzed, and AO inter-action between finite wave beams is considered.Our approach to the problem based on the spatial Fouriertransform allows us to take into account the effect ofthe crystal acoustic anisotropy on each component ofthe acoustic beam angular spectrum [V.I. Balakshy, S.N.Mantsevich, Acoust. Phys., 58, 549, 2012]. Thus it be-comes possible to simulate the ultrasound field amplitudeand phase structure for arbitrary directions in acousto-optic crystals. The structure of the ultrasonic beamchanges with the distance from the transducer plane asa result of diffraction on its aperture. It is known thatthe medium acoustic anisotropy may move up or awayfrom the transducer the location of the far field diffractionzone in comparison with its position in the acousticallyisotropic medium. Besides acoustic anisotropy, the analy-

sis involves finite piezoelectric transducer dimensions, in-ternal temperature gradients in the crystal, and ultrasonicbeam reflection from a free surface of the crystal which isoften used to arouse the acoustic beam having a desiredpropagation direction [S.N. Mantsevich et al., Ultrason.,78, 175, 2017]. Finally, diffraction of an optical beam bythe inhomogeneous acoustic field is calculated.We present the results of acoustic field structure modelingin a paratellurite AO cell with reflection of the acousticbeam from the input optical face of the crystal. This ge-ometry of AO interaction is referred to as quasi-collineardiffraction since group velocity directions of incident lightand ultrasound coincide. The results of the simulationsare compared with experimental studies.The research was supported by the Ministry of Educationand Science of the Russian Federation in the Frameworkof Increase competitiveness program of NUST ”MISIS”(Project K2-2016-072).


Grain Shape Dependent Coherent Wave Attenuation in Heterogeneous Media – (Contributed, 000149)

M. Ryzya, T. Grabecb and I. A. VeresaaRECENDT GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Science Park 2 / 2.OG, 4040 Linz, Austria; bNuclear Physics Institute, Rez 130, 250 68

Rez, Czech Republic


Elastic waves, propagating through polycrystalline mate-rials are subject to elastic scattering at the boundariesof single crystallites, which leads to a frequency depen-dent attenuation of the coherent waves. In this work,

we demonstrate the necessity of taking a materials’ mi-crostructural morphologies into account, in order to im-prove theoretical predictions. This contributes to a bettercomprehension of ultrasonic wave attenuation, which is of

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


major importance for non-destructive testing and medicalimaging techniques.Established wave scattering theories for polycrystallinemedia often barely predict attenuation coefficients ob-tained by experimental investigations or finite elementsimulations. One reason for this is, that in theoreticalmodels, a certain grain statistics is assumed, which is re-flected by a simple exponential form of the two-point cor-relation function (TPC) and thereby completely disregardthe statistics of the actual grains size and shape distri-bution. We show a way to adequately account for thegrain morphology by directly incorporating a microstruc-tures’ TPC into an established scattering theory. Theapproach is validated by comparing P-wave attenuationcoefficients obtained from finit element simulations withthose obtained from the theoretical model.

We numerically model three different polycrystalline sam-ples with the dimensions of 2x2x1mm by the commonlyused Voronoi tessellation algorithm. Each of the samplesis composed of 8000 grains with identical mean grain di-ameter, but with different shape uniformity, i.e. differentdiameter distribution width. This leads to different spa-tial autocorrelation functions, which are calculated fromthe tessellations. A finite element method is used to sim-ulate P-wave propagation for aluminum and Inconel in afrequency range from 10 to 240MHz, covering the Rayleighand stochastic scattering region. A strong dependenceof the attenuation on the grains’ shape uniformity in theRayleigh-stochastic transition region is shown, and excel-lent agreement with the theoretically calculated attenua-tion curves is found in the whole frequency range for bothmaterial systems.


Additively Manufactured Acoustic Diffuser Structures for Ultrasonic Applications – (Contributed, 000167)

L. Claes, H. Zeipert, P. Koppa, T. Troster and B. HenningPaderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany


To prevent errors in ultrasonic measurement systems (e.g.for sound velocity measurements), stray signals have to beabsorbed or dispersed. While absorbers are commerciallyavailable, they are typically limited to specific fluid, forexample water, and to only a small temperature range.There are however some application where flexibility re-garding the examined fluid (e.g. compatibility with gasesand liquids) and temperature is required.With regards to the compatibility with a wide variety offluids, structured diffusers are to be preferred over ab-sorbers which require a matched acoustic impedance withthe adjacent fluid. However, the structure of the diffusershas to be in the scale of the wavelength of incident acousticwaves. Using conventional methods like milling, the cre-

ation of absorbers with the required fine structure wouldbe very costly. Therefore, we propose using additive man-ufacturing methods to create diffusive structures. Utiliz-ing metals as material for the diffuser allows for applica-bility over a wide temperature range.In an empirical study, we manufacture different diffuserstructures by selective laser melting (SLM) of metallicpowder. Using procedurally generated geometry for 3D-modelling, we can create deterministic as well as stochasticsurface structures. The manufacturing method also allowsus to create some structures that could not be fabricatedby traditional means. The diffusive properties of thesestructures are compared using ultrasonic pulse echo mea-surements.


Experiments and Simulations of the Standing Wave Acoustic Field Produced by Two TransducersMounted in Contraposition – (Contributed, 000091)

H. Donga, L. Jiab, Y. Guanc and J. ZhaoaaHarbin Institution of Technology, Room 123, Main Building, Harbin Institution of Technology,Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang

Province, 150001 Harbin, China; bChongqing Vocational College of Transportation, Chongqing Vocational College of Transportation,

Chongqing, 402247 Chongqing, China; cHarbin Institution of Technology, Room 207, Main Building, Harbin Institution of Technol-

ogy,Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001 Harbin, China


Standing wave acoustic levitation transmission techniquehas been widely used in many research areas. In this work,two Langevin-type piezoelectric transducers’ output areassembled face to face at a certain angle. Each trans-ducer’s output acts as both its radiator and another trans-ducer’s reflector. The authors termed it as contrapositiontransducer array. Standing wave between the radiator and

the reflector is formed when optimizing the angle betweenthe central lines of the two transducers, the distance be-tween the two transducers’ output and their reflectors, theexciting phase differential on the two transducers. Accord-ingly, the object during the acoustic field can be levitated,moved and manipulated. Not only the acoustic field pres-sure is theoretically derived, but also its potential location

[email protected]

[email protected]


is Ansys-programmed simulated and illustrated. As a re-sult, the restrictions are detailed which are necessary toform the standing wave. The corresponding experimentsare carried out to demonstrate the proposed method by

the authors. Finally, the influences of geometrical param-eters and exciting phase differential on the formed acousticfield are numerically simulated.

Mon 13:00 309 Advances in Biomedical Ultrasound

3D Blood vessel mapping for small animal using high frequency ultrafast Doppler Imaging – (Invited,

000275)

C.-C. HuangNational Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan


Adult zebrafish have been used to model tumorigenesis,angiogenesis, and regeneration. However, once the ze-brafish has fully matured, especially wild-type lines, it de-velops stripes that run along the body and thus lose trans-parency. High frequency ultrasound imaging has beenused to monitor the adult zebrafish heart blood flow. How-ever, it is still difficult to observe the dorsal blood circu-lation due to its resolution. Hence, the purpose of thisstudy is to utilize ultrafast ultrasound imaging with highfrequency transducer to reconstruct the 3D blood vesselmapping of adult zebrafish. In this study, adult zebrafishewere anesthetized in 7% Tricaine solution and then embed-ded in the sponge for dorsal blood circulation imaging. Anultrafast ultrasound imaging system (Vantage 256) with a256-element high frequency array transducer (MS550D)were used to acquire the IQ signals from zebrafish. Theoperational frequency of transducer is 40 MHz. Five planewave angles were transmitted to zebrafish for acquiring the

compounding image of dorsal blood vessel at a high framerate of 300 Hz for 0.5 s at each sagittal plane. Then, thetransducer was moved (100 m) to next scanning plane bymotor to obtained image from different sagittal planes for3D imaging. After all data were obtained, a high-pass spa-tiotemporal filtering was implemented on data processingof each sagittal plane for distinguishing blood signals fromnoise or tissue signals. The 2D blood vessel mapping and3D vessel structure were also obtained clearly by using40 MHz ultrafast Doppler imaging. The measured reso-lution for vessel imaging is about 50 in diameter withoutmicro-bubble. All the results show the feasibility of usinghigh frequency ultrafast Doppler imaging to reconstructthe 2D and 3D blood vessel mapping for zebrafish, whichare useful for modeling and observing tumorigenesis andits neighboring changes of vasculature map in zebrafishmodel.


Estimation of the linear displacement and rotation movement of the extensor digitorum communistendon based on ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imaging – (Contributed, 000201)

C.-C. Huang, M.-Y. Wang and P.-Y. ChenNational Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan


Injuries to the hands, wrists and fingers often involve dam-age to multiple tissues. The most important soft- tissueconcerns in metacarpal fractures is maintaining extensordigitorum communis (EDC) tendon glide. The abilityto measure tendon displacement during the rehabilitationprocess would provide important information for quan-tifying tendon injuries for clinicians. Movement of ten-don includes not only linear displacement but also itselfrotation. Traditional ultrasound imaging cannot provideenough spatial and temporal resolution to estimating suchthe detail motion and structure, which means that the im-age quality and the sudden movement in ultrasound wouldalter the estimation results. Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy is to estimate movement and rotation of EDC ten-don by ultrafast high frequency ultrasound imaging.In the experiment setup, we use an ultrafast imaging sys-tem (Vantage 256) with a 256-element high frequency ar-ray transducer (MS550D) to acquire IQ signals from EDC

tendon. The operational frequency of transducer is 40MHz. Seven plane wave angles were transmitted to handfor acquiring the compounding image of tendon at a highframe rate of 200 Hz. The transducer was placed on EDCtendon in longitudinal view and its cross view, respec-tively, and applied the speckle-tracking method for esti-mating the displacement and velocity of tendon motionand rotation. To reduce the artificial error, we use theTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) to en-sure the tendon movement almost consistent. In addition,the subjects have to wear the fixture to reduce the Tremorduring experiment.

The motion of tendon was observed clearly at this highresolution ultrasound image with an ultra-high frame rate.So we can analyze the movement and rotation in the ten-don from the image. The next works will focus on recon-structing the motion of the EDC tendon in 4D.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Instantaneous Frequency and Phase of Coupled Microbubble Oscillations – (Contributed, 000314)

J. Allena and R. HayashibaUniversity of Hawaii-Manoa, 333 Hobron Lane, Apt. # 305, Honolulu, 96815, USA; bDept. of Mechanical Engineering, University

of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA


The nonlinear subharmonic response from an ultrasoundcontrast facilitates the distinguishing the backscatteredsignal from that of the surrounding tissue. This is ofparticular interest for emerging high frequency applica-tions of ultrasound such as ocular and dermal appli-cations. For the subharmonic excitation, the contrastagents are typically excited by short cycle pulses whichare typically modulated in terms of the amplitude andfrequency. Though the subharmonic enhancement hasbeen reported experimentally from chirp (frequency mod-ulated) forcing waveform, it physical origins have not beenwell understood. Most previous analytical studies of thethreshold have assumed continuous, monochromatic si-nusoidal acoustic forcing;moreover, numerical and experi-mental studies have defined a threshold in terms of Fourier

spectral analysis which not account for nonlinear and non-stationary effects. Recent studies have demonstrated theselimitations and investigated an alternative formulation us-ing the Empirical Mode Decomposition, an adaptive signalprocessing method. The physical origins of the enhancedresponse and amplitude modulation are studied furtherwith respect to the corresponding instantaneous phase andfrequency responses. For shorter pulse cycle,previously ne-glected amplitude modulations effects become apparent.Finally, the role nonstationary forcing of coupled bubbleoscillations is highlighted with respect to this analysis.Enhanced translation due to Secondary Bjerkenes forcemight be determined and optimized for various nonsta-tionary forcing scenarios.


A Stippling Algorithm to Generate Equivalent Point Scatterer Distributions from Ultrasound Images– (Contributed, 000135)

K. Fuzesi, A. Makra and M. GyongyPazmany Peter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Prater utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary


The representation of ultrasound images as arising frompoint scatterer distributions has several practical advan-tages. Firstly, the representation is a sparse solution tothe deconvolution problem, so it will reflect closely the un-derlying scattering structure. Secondly, such compressedrepresentations reduce data size, aiding data transmissionfor mobile ultrasound devices. Lastly, the representationallows 3D-printed phantoms with point scatterers to ap-proximate recorded ultrasound images, which can be usedfor physician training and validation and testing of ultra-sound systems. In the current work, Wiener filtering onultrasound images is first used to generate a least squareerror solution of the scattering function causing the ultra-

sound image. This is followed by an equivalent scattererformulation to generate point scatterers with the same re-sulting ultrasound image as the Wiener solution. The ap-proach is related to the stippling problem of representingimages using a series of points. A methodological compari-son with l0-norm deconvolution methods is presented. Us-ing the algorithm, reconstruction accuracies (using the R2

coefficient of determination measure) of above 90% wereconsistently obtained, both for simulated and real ultra-sound images. The results show the practical applicabil-ity of the algorithm to represent ultrasound images usingpoint scatterers, with particular applications for manufac-turing realistic tissue phantoms.


A Low-Cost Portable Ultrasound System for Skin Diagnosis – (Contributed, 000127)

G. Csanya, K. Szalaib, K. Fuzesia and M. Gyongya

aPazmany Peter Catholic University Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Prater utca 50/A, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;bSemmelweis University Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Ulloi ut 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary


Skin tumors present one of the most common cancersin the developed world. The most common type, basalcell carcinoma, is relatively benign as it rarely metasta-sises; however, melanoma can become fatal if not detected

early. Therefore, early differential diagnosis of skin tu-mors is critical, and ultrasound images are able to offeradditional information to standard dermatoscopic imagesabout the type of skin lesion. The current work presents a

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


portable ultrasound system for general practitioners anddermatologists that is user friendly both in the capture ofimages and in their interpretation. A data-based manualscan conversion algorithm was developed that generates B-mode images from the A-lines in real-time. The algorithmrelies on accepting an A-line into a fixed image grid ifa condition based on autocorrelations with previously ac-cepted A-lines is met. The algorithm runs on a laptop that

receives data from a portable ultrasoud device. The de-vice consists of an off- the-shelf ultrasound pulser-receiver-digitizer (LeCoeur US-KEY) and transducer (OlympusV317, 20 MHz nominal frequency). Comparison with im-ages from a high- end ultrasound system (Hitachi HI VI-SION Preirus with 5-18 MHz EUP-L75 transducer) showsthat lesion morphology is faithfully reconstructed, allow-ing for computer-aided diagnosis of skin lesions.


A smart-phone Based Portable Ultrasound Imaging system for Point-Of-Care applications – (Contributed,

000160)

S. Yeoa, J. H. Kima, M. Kima, S. Kyeb, Y. Leec and T.-K. SongaaSogang University, R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bHANSONO Co., Ltd.,

R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cChosun Instrument, Inc., R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu,

04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea


We present a smart-phone based portable ultrasound (US)imaging system (SPUS), which consists of the smart-phone(Galaxy S5 LTE-A, Samsung. Korea, android 7.0) and a32-channel system. The developed system contains ana-log and digital front-ends, and mid-processor, and USB2.0∼3.0 Interface, user interface. The smart-phone con-tains the back-end processing and real-time image displayon a graphical user interface (GUI). The SPUS developedcan provide real-time B/Cmode imaging with maximumframe rate of 50 (i.e., USB 2.0 interface), and it has abattery life of approximately 3000mAh. The weight and

dimension of the SPUS are 203g (without battery) and173mm x 59mm x 28mm in length, width, and height in-cluding exterior, respectively. The performance of SPUSwas evaluated in a phantom and in-vivo experiment. Asa result of the phantom experiments, the -6dB lateral andaxial resolution (0.29 mm and 0.76mm), contrast resolu-tion(6.8dB) and signal-to-noise ratio (23dB) at focal point.These results indication the SPUS can support a real-timeB-mode imaging technique at the same time support goodimage quality.

Mon 13:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 1

In-situ Health Monitoring of Space Structures Under Hypervelocity Impact: Hybrid Use of PassiveAcoustic Emission and Active Nonlinear Guided Waves – (Invited, 000123)

Z. SuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong


Hypervelocity impact (HVI), as a result of the collisionbetween spacecraft and meteoroids or orbital debris at aspeed that is greater than 1 km/s, is one of the majorthreats to space vehicles in low Earth orbit. A healthmonitoring framework is developed for key space struc-tures under such a threat, by allying passive acousticemission testing and active guided waves. Typical two-layer space shielding systems (each comprised of innerand outer layers) are considered, and impacted by alu-minum projectiles at an HVI speed of ∼4 km/s, respec-tively, using HVI facility. Upon the projectile penetrat-ing the outer layer, the projectile-generated debris cloudfurther impacted the inner layer, introducing pitting dam-

age to the inner layer disorderedly scattered over a widearea. A nano-engineered sensor network is embedded intoeach shielding system, for implementing in-situ signal ac-quisition. To locate HVI spot in the outer layer, a pas-sive acoustic emission-based triangulation algorithm is em-ployed. To detect the pitting damage in the inner layer,accumulation of nonlinear wave features (i.e., second har-monics), upon the actively generated wave traversing thepitting damage, is associated with the degree of the pit-ted area in a quantitative manner, whereby HVI-inducedpitting damage is evaluated accurately. This study hasspotlighted a way to develop in-situ health monitoring ap-proaches for space structures under HVI.


Guided wave propagation characteristics in two layers cylindrical porous medium -containing half-spacestructure – (Contributed, 000034)

[email protected]

[email protected]


H. QingbangHo Hai University, Jin Ling Road, No 200, ChangZhou, JiangSu, China., 213022 Changzhou, China


This research devotes to investigate the propagation char-acteristics of the guided wave in two layers porous medium-containing structure, and special emphasis is paid on thedependence of the dispersion relation on the porous me-dia parameters. Three models of two-layer cylindricalhalf-space containing porous medium are established the-oretically,i.e. the model of elastic cylinder embedded ininfinite porous media, the porous cylinder embedded ininfinite elastic media, the model of porous cylinder sur-rounded by fluid. Based on the elastic-dynamic theory ofliquid-saturated porous solid and wave theory, the disper-sion curves are simulated numerically, and their depen-dence on the cylinder radius and porous medium parame-ters are analyzed. The results show that the longitudinalguided wave propagation in two layers porous medium-containing structure is dispersive and mainly influenced

by the radius of the rod and porosity of the porous me-dia. It suggests that the dispersion curve of L(0,1) shiftsto lower frequency with increasing rod radius; The disper-sion is mainly influenced by the properties of internal rod,and little change with the porosity for mode 1, whilst thedispersion curves of guided waves gradually shift to lowspeed with the increasing porosity for mode 2. Particu-larly, for the model of liquid-immersed porous cylinder, theStoneley-Scholte wave can be clearly distinguished withother waves in the time domain, and the Stoneley-Scholtewave dispersion relates intimately with the porosity of theporous medium and cylinder radius. In addition, the per-meability of the media has little effect on the dispersionproperty. The results will provide insights and guidancefor the non-destructive evaluation to the structure of asolid rod surrounded by infinite media.


An improved two-stage rapid reconstruction scheme for Lamb wave tomography – (Contributed, 000037)

Y. Liua, S. Qina, X. Liua and N. Hub

aChongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing,China, College of Aerospace Engineering, 400044 Chongqing,

China; bChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China


An improved scheme for a two-stage tomographic recon-struction of damage images based on Lamb waves pro-posed by authors has been put forward to enhance thecalculation efficiency and the reliability of results. The ex-periments and numerical simulations on aluminum plateswith a non-penetrating slit, and on a carbon fiber rein-forced plastic (CFRP) laminated plate with an invisibleinternal delamination are carried out to confirm the effec-

tiveness of the modified rapid scheme. Amplitude changeis used as signal parameters for tomographic image recon-struction. The obtained results show that the position andshape of the two kinds of damage can be more accuratelyidentified compared with results of the original scheme,and the damage size of the notch and delamination stillhas a certain degree of error compared with the real onebecause of the damage boundary effect.


A High-sensitivity and Fast-response Nanocomposites-inspired Sensor for Acousto-ultrasonics-basedStructural Health Monitoring – (Contributed, 000048)

Y. Liaoa, F. Duanb, L. Zhoua and Z. Sua

aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong; bCAS Key

Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People’s

Republi, 100191 Beijing, China


Promoted by an innovative sensing mechanism, a flexi-ble carbon nanocomposite hybrid sensor made of grapheneand polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been developed.In virtue of the tunneling effect in the conductive net-work formed in the nanocomposites, the sensor can beused to perceive acousto-ultrasonic wave signals with ul-tralow magnitudes in a broad frequency range. To advancethe insight into the sensing mechanism, both the scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD)

are employed to explore the dispersion of nanofillers andthe crystal characteristic of the sensor, respectively. Thesensing ability of the developed sensor is testified throughthe acquisition of strain signals from low frequency cyclictensile loading to high frequency ultrasonic guided waves.Based on excellent mechanical and electrical propertiesof graphene, the sensor, fabricated with a solution film-forming method, can reach a high gauge factor of ∼60, re-sponsive to ultrasonic signals up to 300 kHz. Being light

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


weight and chemically stable, the developed sensor canbe coated onto or embedded into engineering assets withminute weight penalty and favorable environmental adap-tation. The simplified fabrication process can significantly

reduce the sensing cost while maintaining high sensing effi-ciency, benefiting ultrasonicwave-based structure healthmonitoring.


Optical Visualization of Leaky Lamb Wave and Its Application in Nondestructive Testing – (Contributed,

000055)

Z. An, Z. Hu, J. Mao, G. Lian and X. WangInstitute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21,Bei-Si-Huan-Xi Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


A modified optical visualization technique, which com-bines photoelastic and schlieren techniques, was used tostudy the generation and propagation of the first order an-tisymmetric leaky Lamb wave in a glass plate immersed inwater. Special attention has been paid to the phenomenaof acoustic energy leakage out of the waveguide as well asthe scattering of radiated ultrasonic wave by an obstacle.

Accordingly, a nondestructive ultrasonic testing techniquebased on the propagation of the first order antisymmetricleaky Lamb wave is proposed and implemented through apulse-echo arrangement. It is also found that by measur-ing the time of flight of the scattered ultrasonic signal ateach side of the waveguide separately, the position of anobstacle away from the waveguide could be located.


Flow Imaging of Metallic Melts through a Multimode Waveguide – (Contributed, 000087)

R. Nauber, M. Kalibatas and J. CzarskeTechnische Universitat Dresden, Fakultat Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Professur fur Mess- und Pruftechnik, 01062 Dres-

den, Germany


The resource-efficiency of many important industrial pro-cesses, such as continuous steel casting, strongly dependson the complex flow behavior of metallic melts. In orderto control and optimize those processes, in situ flow imag-ing of hot, opaque liquids is required. For this applicationultrasound Doppler velocimetry can be used if a waveg-uide separates the temperature-sensitive transducers fromthe measurement volume. While singlemode waveguidesare mechanically complex and limited to one-dimensionalmeasurements or slow mechanical scanning, multimodewaveguides can carry the information of a complete, al-though scrambled, two-dimensional image.We propose a novel signal processing method, the timereversal virtual array (TRVA), that allows flow imagingwith the Ultrasound Doppler principle despite the complex

sound propagation properties of multimode waveguides.TRVA exploits the time invariance of the wave equationin linear media to focus on a set of pre-calibrated points.These are combined to form a virtual array on the distalend of a waveguide and allow transmit and receive focusinginto the measurement volume.

In this contribution, we validate the TRVA principle nu-merically and experimentally. Furthermore, we demon-strate planar velocity imaging of a rotating flow in liquidgallium-indium-tin through a 68 mm borosilicate waveg-uide at room temperature. The measurement propertiesare characterized through a comparison with a velocity ref-erence. This work provides a basis for in situ flow imagingof hot, opaque liquids in harsh industrial environments.


Modelling Guided Waves in Layered Media Materials Using the State-vector Formalism and LegendrePolynomial Method – (Contributed, 000177)

Y. Lu, J. Gao, G. R. Song, B. Wu and C. F. HeCollege of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China


In this paper, we present a new numerical approach forcomputing the phase velocity dispersion curves of theguided waves, from silicon wafers and layered aluminum-

steel plates. By combining the state matrix with Legen-dre polynomial method, the theoretical framework of thestate-vector formalism and Legendre polynomial method

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


is constituted. Comparing with the conventional Legen-dre polynomial method, when solving the high frequency-thickness problem and the high cut-off order (M), thedrawbacks of modes extraction and the extremely time-consuming calculation are overcome. The characteristicsof the higher order mode of the guided waves propagatingin different materials are determined more precisely. Inorder to verify the validity and applicability of the state-

vector formalism and Legendre polynomial method, twonumerical case studies will be presented: (1) the study ofguided waves propagating in anisotropic material (silicon)in multiple crystal faces; (2) the study of guided wavespropagating in the aluminum-steel plates constituted byisotropic materials. The accuracy and applicability of thisproposed approach is verified by using the commercial Dis-perse software.

Mon 13:00 308B Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 1

Advances in Optical Coherence Elastography – (Invited, 000323)

Z. ChenUniversity of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Beckman Laser Institute, UCI, Irvine, Ca, 92617, USA


We report on the development of an acoustic radiationforce optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) technol-ogy to image and characterize tissues biomechanical prop-erties. We have applied the ARF-OCE to image post-mortem human coronary artery with atherosclerosis. Theresult demonstrates the potential of the ARF-OCE as anon-invasive method for imaging and characterizing vul-

nerable plaques. The ARF-OCE technology have a broadrange of clinical applications, including imaging and char-acterizing cardiovascular atherosclerotic lesions, imagingand evaluating ophthalmic diseases such as keratoconusand age-related macular degeneration, and imaging andassessing blood coagulation.


Elastography of ocular tissues using acoustic radiation force and optical methods – (Invited, 000312)

S. AglyamovUniversity of Houston, Department of Mechanical Engineering, N207 Engineering Bldg 1, Houston, 77204, USA


Mechanical properties of ocular tissues have a significantinfluence on the health and normal function of the hu-man eye. Such conditions as presbyopia, corneal ecta-sia and keratoconus correlate with stiffness of the oculartissues. Elastography is a group of diagnostic methodscapable of noninvasive evaluation of soft tissue mechan-ical properties based on measuring tissue mechanical re-sponse. Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF) stimulation isactively used in ultrasound elastography to measure tis-sue motion, and to estimate elastic and viscous propertiesof biological tissues. We have developed approaches tomeasure viscoelastic properties of the ocular tissues usingcombination of ARF, high frequency ultrasound, opticalbreakdown, and optical coherence tomography. The criti-cal step in estimating the mechanical properties of tissuesis interpretation of the tissue mechanical response basedon the appropriate mechanical models. In our studies, me-

chanical properties of ocular tissues were evaluated basedon developed mathematical model of the dynamic defor-mation of the viscoelastic medium in response to shortacoustic pulse. This approach has been applied for ex-vivo animal studies. ARF was applied to the crystallinelens, cornea, and other ocular tissues using tissue surfaceas well as laser-induced microbubbles as ultrasound reflec-tor. To measure displacement profiles in the crystallinelens we used high frequency ultrasound and Optical Co-herence Tomography (OCT). Compared with ultrasound,OCT provides advantage in both spatial resolution andsignal-to-noise ratio. We have demonstrated the influenceof such factors as age and intraocular pressure on the me-chanical properties of the crystalline lens, cornea, sclera,and vitreous humor. This study was supported by Na-tional Institute of Health grant EY022362.


New Multi-Physics Strategies to Induce Shear Waves in Soft Tissues for Mechanical Assessment ofTissue Properties – (Invited, 000098)

G. Cloutiera, P. Grasland-Mongraina, F. Lesageb and S. CathelinecaUniversity of Montreal Hospital Research Center, 900 St-Denis, suite R11.464, Montreal, Canada H2X 0A9; bEcole Polytechnique of

Montreal, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Canada H3C 3A7; cInserm u1032, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69003 Lyon, France


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Numerous inversion methods were developed to determinethe viscoelasticity of biological tissues from shear wavepropagation properties. Different strategies were also pro-posed to induce shear waves using external sources or insitu radiation pressures. In magnetic resonance elastog-raphy, an external vibrator positioned over the patientbody is usually used, whereas in ultrasound elastography,a radiation pressure produced by the focussed acousticfield is most often privileged. Two new strategies wererecently developed to generate shear waves in soft ma-terials. The first approach consists in producing shearwaves remotely by combining an electrical current sourceand a magnetic field. For the proof-of-concept demon-stration, a transcranial magnetic stimulation device wasused to produce the electrical current. A physical modelbased on Maxwell and Navier equations was also devel-oped. Experiments were performed on polyvinyl alcoholcryogel (PVA-C) phantoms and propagating shear waves

were measured with an ultrafast ultrasound scanner. Inthe second approach, shear waves were produced in PVA-C phantoms using a laser beam operated in thermoelasticand ablation regimes. Physical modeling of the underlyingphenomena supported the interpretation of experimentalresults. The thermoelastic regime caused a local dilatationof the medium and the production of shear waves associ-ated with the temperature increase, whereas the ablativeregime caused a partial vaporization of the medium andenhanced amplitude of shear waves. An ultrafast ultra-sound scanner was also used to track shear wave propa-gation for these experiments. In conclusion, these resultsprovide the physical basis and feasibility of two new shearwave elastography techniques. The first approach is in-tended to remotely produce shear waves locally within thebrain for magnetic resonance elastography, whereas thesecond approach may found application in interventionalmedicine.


Shear Wave Propagation Imaging by Color Doppler Shear Wave Elastography – (Contributed, 000058)

Y. Yamakoshi, M. Yamazaki and K. TaniuchiGunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, 376-8515 Kiryu, Japan


We have proposed a novel shear wave elastography: ColorDoppler Shear Wave Imaging (CD-SWI) [Y.Yamakoshi,et al. IEEE tans. on UFFC. 2017]. Continuous shearwave of a frequency that is n/4 (n being an odd num-ber) times the pulse repetition frequency of ultrasoundcolor flow imaging (CFI) system is introduced into targettissue by a small mechanical vibrator which is attachedon tissue surface. The wavefront of shear wave, whichpropagates inside the target tissue, is observed directlyas a binary fringe pattern which consists of zero and themaximum flow velocities on CFI. Neither high frame rateultrasound imaging system nor any signal processing areneeded in order to observe the shear wave wavefront. InPC, reflected shear wave component, which degrades theaccuracy of shear wave velocity measurement in continu-

ous shear wave elastography, is eliminated by directionalfilter and wiener filter on the wave-number space. Thiscost-effective real-time shear wave elastography is imple-mented on ACUSON S3000 (Siemens). The shear wavefrequency is 235.3Hz. Breast phantom experiment showsthat shear wave velocity measured by CD-SWI is in agree-ment with the measurement by ARFI. In breast cancerimaging in vivo, inherent shear wave propagation whichcomes from refraction and diffraction of the shear wave isclearly observed around malignant lesion, which is not ob-served in normal breast tissue. This result shows that theshear wave propagation imaging by CD-SWI elastographyis useful in order to find out a malignant lesion as well asthe measurement of shear wave velocity.


The Role of Shear Waves in the Generation of the Radiation Force on an Elastic Sphere in a Liquidby a Quasi-Gaussian Acoustic Beam – (Contributed, 000119)

O. A. Sapozhnikova,b, A. V. Nikolaevaa and M. R. Baileyb

aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Uni-

versity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA


Ultrasound beams are capable of exerting a force on theobstacles encountered in the path of their propagation.This effect is called radiation force. Previously, our teamdeveloped a technology to reposition kidney stones us-ing this approach. In a clinical trial, the technology wasused to transcutaneously facilitate passage of small stonesand to relieve pain by dislodging larger obstructing stones

(Harper et al., J. Urology 2016). While successful, thetrial revealed a need for optimization of the ultrasoundbeam structure, frequency, and intensity to make it moreeffective. It is convenient to study the influence of differentparameters using a theoretical model based on a sphericalshape stone and a quasi-Gaussian acoustic beam. In suchapproach only two geometrical parameters are involved,

[email protected]

[email protected]


namely the beam width and the sphere diameter. Theradiation force depends on their ratio, as well as on theelastic properties of the liquid and the stone. In this worknumerical modeling was performed to calculate the forceacting on an elastic sphere using previously developed the-ory for the radiation force (Sapozhnikov and Bailey, J.Acoust. Soc. Am. 2013) and the exact solution of theHelmholtz equation in the form of a quasi-Gaussian beam(Sapozhnikov, Acoust. Phys. 2012). The numerical mod-eling indicated that the force on a stone is strongest when

the beam is slightly wider than the stone. Also, the forcecreated by a narrow beam appeared to be the strongestwhen the beam is targeted to the side of the sphere. Thesepeculiarities of the radiation force are explained by moreeffective generation of shear waves inside the stone result-ing from their effective coupling with the acoustic wavesin liquid at the stone edges. This work was supportedby RBBR 17-02-00261, NIH P01 DK43881, and NSBRIthrough NASA NCC 9-58.

Mon 13:00 308A Ultrasound in Industrial Processing and Material Engineering

High-Power Piezoelectric Characteristics of Bi-based Lead- free Piezoelectric Ceramics – (Contributed,

000005)

H. NagataTokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2641, 278-8510 Noda, Japan


Recently, many high-power piezoelectric ceramic devices,such as ultrasonic motors and piezoelectric transducers,have been developed so far. Hard Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ce-ramics with a high piezoelectric strain constant dij anda high mechanical quality factor Qm are often used inhigh-power piezoelectric applications. Normally, hardPZT-based ceramics are driven at a vibration velocityof 1 m/s owing to a resonance frequency change, heatgeneration and Qm reduction. Additionally, PZT ce-ramics contain a large amount of PbO. Therefore, lead-free piezoelectric materials for replacing PZT have re-cently been demanded from the viewpoint of environ-mental protection. The family of bismuth layer struc-tured ferroelectrics (BLSFs) has been attracting atten-tion as a lead- free piezoelectric material for resonatorsand filters because they have large Qm values. Thus,they seem to be good candidates for high- power ceramicdevices realizing a large-amplitude and a linear stability

against vibration velocity, So, in this study, high-powerpiezoelectric characteristics under continuous driving werestudied on some bis-muth layer-structured ferroelectricceramics, i.e., Sr0.25Bi2.75Ti0.75Ta1.25O9 (SBTT, m=2),Bi4Ti2.98V0.02O12 (BITV, m=3), Bi4Ti3O12- SrBi4Ti4O15

+ MnCO3 0.2 wt% (BIT-SBTi, m=3, 4), and (Sr0.7Ca0.3)

2Bi4Ti5O18 + MnCO3 0.2 wt% (SCBT, m=5). The vibra-tion velocities, v0−p, of SBTT, BIT-SBTi, and SCBT ce-ramics were above 2.0 m/s at 5 V/mm. Also, we observedthat the resonance frequency changes and temperatureson the sample surfaces for SBTT, BIT- SBTi, and SCBTceramics were less than 1.0% and 50 C at a v0−p of 2.0m/s, respectively. The high-power characteristics of theceramics were superior to those of BITV and hard PZTat a vibration velocity v0-p > 0.6 m/s. Therefore, SBTT,BIT-SBTi and SCBT ceramics are promising candidatesfor lead-free high-power applications requiring high vibra-tion velocity and frequency stability.


Atomization Threshold in a Layer of Distilled Water under Vertical Vibrations – (Contributed, 000104)

L. Gaete-Garretona, Y. Vargas-Hernandeza, J. Meneses-Dıazb and B. B. Lagos-Farfana

aUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493, Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile; bUNIVERSIDAD

DE SANTIAGO DE CHILE, Av Ecuador 3493, estacion central, santiago, 9170124 Santiago, Chile


Ultrasonic atomization is a process receiving high atten-tion, from the first report about the phenomenon in thethirties, Wood and Loomis [1] until nowadays. Ultrasonicatomization has been treated by. Sorokin [2], Eisenmenger[3], and Pholman et al [4], these are outstanding works inboth theoretical and experimental aspects obtaining fromnon-linear acoustic equations expression for the critical at-omization amplitude. During the development of massiveultrasonic atomizers for fluids, we tests the theoretical pre-dictions for critical amplitude appearing in the mentionedpapers, unfortunately, the expression do not fit with thedata well. In a research to be appearing soon, we obtain

an empirical expression to predict the atomization ampli-tude for distilled water in a layer, in a frequency rangefrom 5 to 50 kHz (the more interesting frequencies for in-dustrial applications), the expression works well but in thelow frequency range, predictions lose accuracy. In this pa-per the first results for critical atomization amplitude indistilled water layers at low acoustics frequencies will bepresented. We work in the frequency range from hundreds;to thousands of Hz. Experiments at a frequency range atthe transition from gravity to capillary waves will be done.Also special experiments will be conduct to establish theinfluence (if any) of surface energy of substrate in verti-

[email protected]

[email protected]


cal oscillation producing layer water atomization, we hopethat this study can contribute to a better understandingof fascinating phenomena of atomization..[1] R. W. Wood and A. L. Loomis Phil. Mag. S.7 Vol 4.N 22 pp 417-436 [2] V.1. Sorokin Soviet Physics, Acoustic

V 3 pp281-291 (1957). [3] W. Eisenmenger ,.ACUSTICAVol 9 pp 327-340 (1959). [4] R. Pohlman, K. Stamm ISBN978-3-663-07399-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-07399-4 Ver!a gs-Nr. 011480 (1965).


Experimental Study of Aging Oil Viscosity Reduction Caused by Ultrasound – (Contributed, 000155)

J. Qiao, W. Song, W. Wang, X. Yuan and L. LiHarbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China


Properties of crude oil are affected by its own componentsand the external environment. During the transportationof crude oil, aging oil is easy to be formed, which per-forms ultra-high viscosity and poor liquidity. This makesit difficult to be transported effectively. In addtion, theviscosity of aging oil is difficult to be reduced by chemicalagent and tranditonal methods. In this study, the aging oilfrom Daqing Oilfield is treated by ultrasound and the cor-responding viscosity reduction is evaluated by measuringthe viscosity curve. The effects of treatment duration, ul-trasonic power density and types of ultrasonic transducerare investigated. The results show that the viscosity ofaging oil decreases with increasing the ultrasonic power

density and treatment duration obviously. Typically, theviscosity of aging oil at 20C decreases from 13657 mPa·sto 3039 mPa·s when the treatment duration is 2 min andthe ultrasonic power density is 42.81 W/cm2. Comparingwith the aging oil treated by horn ultrasonic transducer,the aging oil treated by radial ultrasonic transducer showslower viscosity. This is because the sound field induced byradial ultrasonic transducer is more uniform than that in-duced by horn ultrasonic transducer. In addition, the vis-cosity reduction effect of aging oil caused by ultrasoundcan be kept for a long period (e.g., a few days), but itdisappears after the aging oil is reheated.


Experimental study of ultrasound-assisted cyanide leaching of gold – (Contributed, 000157)

X. Yu, S. Yu, X. Yuan, W. Wang and W. SongHarbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China


Cyanide leaching is a widely used method of gold extrac-tion. However, low leaching rate and strict reaction tem-perature requirement always exist during the gold cyanideleaching. In this study, ultrasound is applied during theprocess of gold cyanide leaching and the effect of ultra-sound on gold leaching rate is investigated experimentally.Grain size and surface topography of cyanide tailings areanalyzed using ZetaPlus and SEM, respectively. In ad-dition, the effect of ultrasound on gold leaching at lowtemperature of 10∼15C is also studied.The experiments were implemented under the leachingduration of 8 hours and cyanide concentration of 1600mg/L. Comparing with conditional cyanide leaching, thegold content of cyanide tailings is reduced by 12.6% forthe case of 4-hour ultrasound-assisted leaching. In addi-

tion, the grain size of cyanide tailings is reduced by 22%and surface topography of cyanide tailings becomes muchsmoother. This indicates that ultrasound can effectivelyimprove the gold leaching rate, because it can break thepassive film of mineral particles and accelerate the masstransfer during the leaching reaction.

The experimental results show that the gold content ofcyanide tailings is as high as 4.76 g/t when the leach-ing temperature is 10∼15C. For the case of ultrasound-assisted leaching at the same low temperature, the goldcontent of cyanide tailings is 1.19 g/t, which is compara-ble to the leaching rate at reaction temperature of 30C.This indicates that the temperature requirement of goldleaching becomes flexible with ultrasound assisted.


Ultrasonic metal welding changing the shape of vibration locus by ultrasonic complex vibration source– (Contributed, 000267)

Y. Tamada, T. Asami and H. MiuraNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Ultrasonic welding is a welding method that use no heat,and it is easy to weld dissimilar metals with differentmelting points, which is difficult with ordinary meltingwelding, and has the advantage that the mechanical andelectrical characteristics of welded parts are excellent.Inaddition, ultrasonic welding is the welding method withless damage and deformation to be welded, comparedwith laser welding and electron beam welding used asa welding method for dissimilar metals.For these rea-sons, ultrasonic welding is applied to welding of electrodeparts of batteries, welding of wire harnesses and metalterminals, and etc.Ultrasonic welding using the conven-tional one-dimensional linear vibration locus has limita-tion of welding characteristics and directionality of weld-ing.Therefore, the authors have proposed ultrasonic weld-ing using the two-dimensional planar vibration locus com-posed of longitudinal-torsional vibration.In this paper, we

conducted the welding experiments of aluminum plate andcopper plate changing the shape of the vibration locus us-ing the ultrasonic complex vibration source using the lon-gitudinal and torsional vibration transducers.The chang-ing shape of the vibration locus was made by changingthe magnitude of the input signal to each transducer ofthe ultrasonic complex vibration source.In this case, itwas changed to seven different shapes with different ra-tios of vibration amplitude by controlling each vibrationdisplacement amplitude.As the results of the welding ex-periments, the weld strength increased as the ratio of thelongitudinal vibration amplitude and the torsional vibra-tion amplitude increased.In addition, it was found that theweld strength when the ratio of the longitudinal vibrationamplitude was increased was larger than when the ratioof the torsional vibration amplitude was increased.


Development of ultrasonic complex vibration source using square prism rod with diagonal slits –(Contributed, 000227)

T. Asami and H. MiuraNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan


We study ultrasonic vibration assisted manufacturingtechnology using ultrasonic longitudinal-torsional vibra-tion. As an example, the generation of the ultrasoniclongitudinal-torsional vibration for manufacturing tech-nology uses the vibration source with diagonal slits. Thediagonal slits are a vibration converter which can obtainlongitudinal-torsional vibration by using the longitudinalvibration source with it. The diagonal slits are generallyused on the circumference with respect to a cylindrical vi-bration source. However, the ultrasonic vibration sourceused for the ultrasonic vibration assisted manufacturingtechnology has various shapes other than the cylindricalshape. Therefore, we investigated a vibration source usingthe diagonal slit on two facing surfaces. The diagonal sliton two facing surfaces can be used for vibration sources ofvarious shapes. In this study, we investigate the vibration

characteristics of ultrasonic vibration source coupled withsquare prism rod with diagonal slits and clarify whetherlongitudinal-torsional vibration can be obtained by thisvibration source. Specifically, we use a vibration sourcecomposed of a 40 kHz bolt-clamped Langevin-type trans-ducer, a uniform rod with flange, and a square prism rodwith diagonal slits on two facing surfaces. The squareprism rod has a side length of 20.5 mm and a length of60 mm. The diagonal slit was used at the center positionof the square prism rod. One diagonal slit was 8 mm inlength, 7 mm in depth, 3 mm in width and 45 in angle.As the results, we found that the vibration source has aresonance frequency of 38.6 kHz, and when the vibrationsource is driven at the resonance frequency, the torsionalvibration obtained at about 75% with respect to the lon-gitudinal vibration.


Closed Loop Control of Cavitation - A Sonomechatronic Approach – (Contributed, 000195)

J. Twiefel and K.-A. SaalbachLeibniz Universitat Hannover, Appelstr. 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany


The combination of mechanics, in this case acoustics,and chemistry is well known as sonochemistry. Introduc-ing mechatronic concepts and methods promises signifi-cant advantages. This approach, called sonomechatron-ics, combines sonochemistry with electronics and infor-mation techniques that allows controlling and observingsonochemical processes.

Cavitation is enabling most sonochemical processes.Those include, besides the starting and enhancing of chem-ical reactions, the mixing of liquids, emulsification andcleaning. Regardless of the process, it is necessary toknow whether cavitation is generated. Hence, the ultra-sonic generation of cavitation itself is used in this contri-bution to discuss the concept and test the feasibility of thesonomechatronic approach.

[email protected]

[email protected]


One major challenge for the cavitation control is a reli-able sensing of the level of cavitation. To detect the stateof ultrasonic cavitation, different acoustic indicators areknown. Those require additional measuring devices suchas hydrophones.Instead of using an additional transducer for sensing, wepropose the utilization of the power transducer not onlyfor generation the acoustic power, but also for monitor-ing of the process. This so called self-sensing technologyis using changes in the electrical measures, voltage andcurrent, at the ports of the power-transducer.The recorded data is evaluated in comparison with vi-sual cavitation detection identifying reliable measures.

The analysis show that the amplitude of a specific ultra-harmonic frequency portion correlates with the cavita-tion activity. Implementing this knowledge into a control-system allows a real-time detection of the cavitation levelas well as closing the control-loop.For demonstration a cascaded control loop is implementedand evaluated. The power-transducer is operated at res-onance using a phase and amplitude controller. A sec-ond controller using the cavitation level as control valuedetermines the set value of the amplitude control. Thepresented results show the controllability of the cavitationlevel and demonstrate the feasibility and potential of thesonomechatronic approach.

Tue 10:00 306 Plenary Lecture 2

Optimal Sound Absorbing Structures – (000331)

P. ShengDepartment of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China


Even in the 21st century, noise still constitutes a major en-vironmental problem, with the low frequency noise beingespecially pernicious. One reason for this state of affairs isthat the conventional sound absorbing materials have fixedabsorption spectra which can only be adjusted by increas-ing or decreasing the thickness. It would be most desir-able if a sound absorber can be designed to fit the noisespectrum, with a minimum allowed thickness. Such soundabsorbing structures can now be realized through a designrecipe that incorporates the causality constraint on theacoustic response (Materials Horizons 4, 673-680 (2017)).The strategy involves the recognition that the causal na-ture of the acoustic response dictates an inequality that re-lates the two most important aspects of sound absorption:the absorption spectrum and the sample thickness. Weuse the causality constraint to delineate what is ultimatelypossible for sound absorbing structures, and denote those

which can attain near-equality for the causality constraintto be eoptimal.’ Anchored by the causality relation, adesign strategy can be formulated for realizing structureswith target-set absorption spectra and a sample thicknessclose to the minimum value as dictated by the causalityconstraint. By using this approach, we have realized a10.86 cm-thick structure that exhibits a broadband, near-perfect flat absorption spectrum starting at around 400Hz, while the minimum sample thickness from the causal-ity constraint is 10.36 cm. To illustrate the versatilityof the approach, two additional optimal structures withdifferent target absorption spectra are presented. Thiseabsorption by design’ strategy would enable the tailor-ing of customized solutions to difficult room acoustic andnoise remediation problems.Work done in collaboration with Min Yang, Shuyu Chen,and Caixing Fu.

Tue 8:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 2

Acoustic Topological States in Topological Phononic Crystals – (Invited, 000326)

Y.-F. Chena, C. Hea, M.-H. Lua and X. NibaNanjing University, No.22 Hankou Road, 210093, Nanjing, China, 210093 Nanjing, China; bNanjing University, Department of

Materials Science and Engineering, 210093 Nanjing, China


The concept of topology has been playing an importantrole in modern physics, and some novel effects resultedfrom topological invariants, such as backscattering im-mune property, offers a great application potentials aswell. This talk describes the underlying physics, and howto realize acoustic topological states via moving back-ground, acoustic coupled resonators, and even in simplehoneycomb lattice acoustic crystals as well.1. R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, C. F. Sieck, M. R. Haberman,A. Alu, Science 343, 516 (2014).

2. X. Ni, C. He, X.-C. Sun, X.-P. Liu, M.-H. Lu, L. Feng,Y.-F. Chen, New Journal of Physics 17, 053016 (2015).

3. M. Hafezi, S. Mittal, J. Fan, A. Migdall, J. M. Taylor,Nat. Photon. 7, 1001 (2013).

4. C. He, Z. Li, X. Ni, X.-C. Sun, S.-Y. Yu, M.-H. Lu,X.-P. Liu, Y.-F. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 031904(2016).

5. C. He, X. Ni, H. Ge, X.-C. Sun, Y.-B. Chen, M.-H. Lu,X.-P. Liu, Y.-F. Chen, Nat. Physics 12, 1124 (2016).

[email protected]

[email protected]



Tunable Manipulation of Lamb Waves in Fluid-Solid Phononic Slabs – (Contributed, 000068)

Y.-F. Wanga, Y.-S. Wangb and V. LaudecaBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044 Beijing, China;bBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China; cInstitut FEMTO-ST, 15B Avenue des Montboucons,

25030 Besancon, France


We study the propagation of Lamb waves in a tunablephononic metastrip composed of a periodic sequence ofhollow pillars that can be selectively filled with water.Band structures and transmission properties are computednumerically for metastrips with different fluid fillings byusing the finite element method. Good agreement is ob-served with experimental results obtained with an alu-

minum metastrip. In particular, it is found that the fre-quency range of bandgaps and passbands can be controlledthrough fluid filling. Our results imply that Lamb wavesin the solid metastrip can be harnessed through chang-ing the properties of the pillars via fluid-solid interaction.The work in this paper is relevant to practical design oftunable acoustic devices.


Reprogrammable phononic metamaterial – (Contributed, 000317)

O. Bilal, A. Foehr and C. DaraioCalifornia Institue of technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, 91125, USA


Phonons are the lattice vibrations that are responsible forthe propagation of sound, vibrations and heat at higherfrequencies. Phononic crystals and acoustic metamateri-als are material systems that exploit the geometry andelastic properties of basic building blocks (the unit cells),often repeating in space, to manipulate phonons and redi-rect energy. While there exist demonstrations of tunablephononic metamaterials by means of piezoelectric shunt-ing, cell symmetry relaxation, static loading, granular con-tacts and acoustic trapping. They either lack the local-ity of element-wise programming, the ability to switchbetween desired material functionalities in real-time or

continuously consume energy. Moreover, the existing so-lutions require direct contact between the metamaterialand the programming method. Obtaining element-wiseand real-time programmability of metamaterials, in a re-versible manner, would allow their applications to extendto new sensors, filters, and switches. In this work, wepresent the experimental realization of a 3D printed meta-material plate that uses nonlinear interactions between itsunit cells and an external magnetic potential, to dynam-ically tune wave propagation, controlling the frequencyrange of subwavelength band gaps.


Bifurcation of avoided crossings in the dispersion of sound and light in locally resonant media –(Contributed, 000307)

A. MaznevMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA


The interaction of propagating waves with resonant in-clusions results in the mode hybridization and the forma-tion of an avoided crossing bang gap. This phenomenon,well known from the classical dispersion theory in optics,attracted renewed interest in acoustics in the context ofsound propagation in artificial media referred to as locallyresonant metamaterials. It has been previously observed,by way of numerical calculations, that locally resonantbandgaps may disappear in the presence of damping [1].In this report, we will investigate analytically the behaviorof the avoided crossing in a locally resonant medium withdamping based on the Lorentz oscillator model. We willsee that this model, originally developed to describe opti-

cal dispersion, is equally applicable to locally resonant me-dia in acoustics [2]. It will be shown that at some thresholddamping value, the gap in the dispersion of the real partof frequency bifurcates resulting in a mode crossing that isno longer avoided: the dispersion of the propagating modenow crosses that of the local resonance. This behavior isexpected to be generic for locally resonant metamateri-als with damping. Relevant experimental evidence will bediscussed.

[1] E. A. Garova, A. A. Maradudin, and A. P. Mayer,Phys. Rev. B 59, 13291 (1999). [2] A. A. Maznev and V.E. Gusev, Phys. Rev. B 92, 115422 (2015).

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]



Scattering Properties and Fano Resonances in a Pillared Metasurface – (Contributed, 000179)

Y. Penneca, Y. Jinb and B. Djafari-RouhaniaaInstitut d’eelectronique, de microeelectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universitee de Lille-1, Citee scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve-

D’Ascq, France; bI2M, Universite de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France


Phononic crystals made of pillars on a membrane knowa growing interest due to their possibility of exhibitingboth Bragg and hybridization gaps and a variety of localresonances. In this work, we design an acoustic metasur-face consisting of a single or a line of pillars on a thinmembrane by FEM simulations. We study the interactionbetween an incident Lamb wave and the bending (dipo-lar) or compressional (momnopolar) modes of the pillarsand discuss the scattering properties in terms of ampli-tude and phase of emitted waves around the resonancefrequencies. We show the emission of a 180 out-of-phasewave with respect to the incident Lamb wave, resultingin dips in the transmission spectrum. When the bend-

ing and compressional modes are superposed, the ampli-tude of the emitted wave exceeds that of the incident wavewhich opens the possibility for a new out-of-phase trans-mission. For one line of dissimilar pillars, Fano resonancesare found originating from the avoided crossing of stronglycoupled individual monopolar modes of two dissimilar pil-lars in one unit cell. The Fano resonance manifests itself asan out-of-phase compressional vibration of the two pillarscoupled through the membrane. These Fano resonancescan be tuned by varying different geometrical parameters(height/diameter of the pillars, distance between two pil-lars), or introducing inner holes into the pillars which canpossibly be filled with a liquid.

Tue 8:00 307A Applications of Nonlinear Acoustics to Measurements and Imaging

Nonlinear ultrasonic phased array for closed crack imaging – (Invited, 000081)

Y. OharaTohoku University, 6-6-02 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


The measurement of crack depth is essential for ensuringthe safety and reliability of aged structures. Crack depthcan be measured by ultrasound if cracks are open, since ul-trasound is strongly scattered by the crack tip. However,if cracks are closed because of compression residual stressand/or the oxide debris generated between the crack faces,ultrasonic inspection causes the underestimation or nonde-tection of cracks since ultrasound penetrates through theclosed cracks. To solve this problem, we have developed aclosed-crack imaging method, the subharmonic phased ar-ray for crack evaluation (SPACE), on the basis of the sub-harmonic generation by short-burst waves and the phasedarray algorithm with frequency filtering. SPACE providesfundamental array (FA) images at the frequency f andsubharmonic array (SA) images at the frequency f /2, vi-

sualizing the open and closed parts of cracks, respectively.We have demonstrated its performance in closed fatiguecracks and stress corrosion cracks. Furthermore, as a rel-atively low-cost imaging method, we have also proposed acrack opening method, global preheating and local cooling(GPLC) that can effectively apply tensile thermal stress toclosed cracks just by using cooling sprays. By temporarilyopening closed cracks using GPLC, closed cracks can beimaged by commercially available phased array. GPLCwas demonstrated in closed-crack specimens. The con-tents of my talk will be mainly composed of the imagingresults of closed cracks to show the usefulness of two kindsof nonlinear ultrasonic phased array, SPACE and GPLC,in terms of accurately measuring closed-crack depths.


Application of Parametric Ultrasound to Low-frequency Acoustic Imaging – (Invited, 000116)

H. NomuraThe University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, 182-8585 Chofu-Shi, Japan


As the applications of parametric ultrasound with nar-row directivity, the application of parametric ultrasoundto low-frequency ultrasound imaging is considered in thepresent study. A parametric acoustic array is one of theinteresting applications of nonlinear acoustic phenomenaand is known as a narrow directive sound source at low

frequency. For example, this phenomenon is used for aparametric loudspeaker in the air. However, since the am-plitude of parametric ultrasound is much lower than thatof primary ultrasounds, for example, 50–60 dB lower inwater, echo amplitude is not enough for an applicationto ultrasound imaging. To resolve this problem, a pulse

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


compression technique has been applied to parametric ul-trasound in ultrasound measurement and imaging. Forthe pulse compression, a chirp-modulated parametric ul-trasound with frequencies of 100 to 500 kHz was generatedfrom modulated primary ultrasounds at the carrier fre-quency of 2.8 MHz, and cross-correlation between the echoand a reference signal was calculated. To verify the pro-posed method, imaging for brass rods with 2 mm in diam-eter arranged in a V-shape was attempted in water. Ob-

tained low-frequency images indicate about 3-mm rangeresolution which agreed well with the theoretical value andabout 3-cm lateral resolution. In addition, the paramet-ric ultrasound imaged targets behind overlapping targetseach other. From these results, the low-frequency ultra-sound imaging using parametric ultrasound is expected asa new method with attractive features, even though thespatial resolution is reduced.


Harmonic Imaging of Multiple Defects in Solid Material by Aerial Ultrasonic Beam – (Contributed,

000279)

Y. Mukaiyama, A. Osumi and Y. ItoNihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan


In recent years, non-contact and non-destructive inspec-tion is performed using aerial ultrasonic wave and opticalinstruments. We have detected a non-contact and non-destructive method of using a very high-intensity aerialfocused ultrasonic wave (frequency:20 kHz). Specifically,the surface of the object is vibrated by irradiating high-intensity aerial focused ultrasonic wave, and the vibrationvelocity generated on the surface of the object is measuredwith a laser Doppler vibrometer. However, this method

requires a long time to measure a defective object. Tosolve this problem, we adopted a method of irradiatinghigh-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave to the surface of theobject over a wide range using aerial ultrasonic wave fo-cused in a beam shape. In this paper, we investigatedto detect simultaneously multiple defects in object usingthis method. In addition, we also investigated to imagedefect with high accuracy using harmonic component ofhigh-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave.


Non-contact Harmonic Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Surface Properties of Mortar Having FireDamage – (Contributed, 000280)

T. Saito, A. Osumi and Y. ItoNihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan


We have developed to diagnosis a fire damage mortar innon-contact way by using high-intensity aerial ultrasonicwaves and optical equipment. This is a method for diag-nosing a fire damage by using the vibration characteristicsof an object to estimate the change of elastic modulus ofmortar exposed to high temperatures during a fire. Bythe way, there are complicated property changes such as

cracks on mortar surface depending on fire damage. If thiscan be measured at the same time, more detailed diagno-sis becomes possible. In this report, we attempt to imagethe changes of elastic modulus and surface with cracksof fire damage mortar using harmonic characteristics ofhigh-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave at same time.


A Novel Sensitivity Matrix Construction Method FOR Ultrasonic Tomography – (Contributed, 000318)

N. Lia, K. Xub and J. JiaobaNorthwestern Polytechnical University, 127, Youyi Xi Road, Beilin District, Xi’ann,Shaanx, 710072 Xi’An, China; bBeijing University

of Technology, 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, 100124 Beijing, China


Ultrasonic tomography (UT) is a nondestructive tech-nique that is widely applied in industrial process imaging.In this paper, a novel sector diffusion method for construc-tion of a sensitivity matrix is proposed to improve the

performance of a linear back projection (LBP) algorithm.The so-called Sector-diffusion-matrix based Linear Backprojection (SLBP) was applied to reconstruct gas/liquidtwo-phase flows. A series of models have been established

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The images re-constructed by traditional LBP and SLBP are presentedand compared. Two quantitative evaluation criteria in-cluding Position Error (PE) and Image Correlation Coef-ficient (Icr) were defined and used to evaluate the qualityof the reconstructed images. The imaging results indicatethat the SLBP method is valid and feasible to improve the

quality of reconstructed images, especially for a UT sys-tem with a small number of transducers. The evaluationcriterion Icr is improved by 26%, 20%, 9%, 4% and 22%for five different flow patterns with an 8-transducer UTsystem. The effectiveness of the SLBP method increaseswith decreasing numbers of ultrasonic transducers.

Tue 8:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 2

Acoustic cavitation from nanocups – (Invited, 000193)

J. Kwana, G. Lajoinieb, N. De Jongc, E. Strided, M. Versluisb,e,f and C. C. CoussiosgaSchool of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; bInstitute

of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; cBiomedical

Engineering, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands; dInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, university of

Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; eMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente,

P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; fMIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of

Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; gInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus

Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK


Acoustic cavitation is the nucleation and subsequent dy-namics of a bubble as a result of the stress inducedby an acoustic pressure wave. Cavitation precursorsare widely investigated for their potential as therapeuticagents. These nanometer-sized particles can extravasateinto the interstitium, thereby reaching target cells beyondthe endothelial layer of the vasculature. There, they canbe activated with ultrasound to induce localized cavita-tion, microstreaming as well as other potentially benefi-cial bioeffects. An in-depth investigation of the cavita-tion dynamics of nanosized precursors is essential to ex-plain the subsequent biomechanical effects of such agents.Direct observation, however is challenging, owing to themicroscopic length scales and nanosecond time scales ofthe processes involved. Here, we study theoretically and

experimentally the ultrafast dynamics of acoustically trig-gered nanocups that consist of 150 to 800 nm hydropho-bic polymer particles that feature a tunable hemisphericaldepression. Ultra high speed imaging establishes that thegas pocket trapped in this cavity facilitates bubble growthand reduces the cavitation threshold by up to a factor tenas compared to the pure solution.The resulting bubble isshown to expand orders of magnitude beyond the size ofthe initial nucleus within a typical timescale of a microsec-ond followed by inertially-driven collapse. The influence ofnanoparticle size, acoustic pressure amplitude, and ultra-sound frequency on the bubble dynamics is compared tomodel predictions. Understanding these dynamics has im-portant implications for applications that rely on acousticcavitation.


Non-spherical bubble oscillations drive the ultrasound-mediated release from targeted microbubbles –(Invited, 000184)

M. Versluisa,b,caInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, Physics of Fluids group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands;bMESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands; cMIRA Institute for

Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands


Microbubbles driven by ultrasound are attractive for a va-riety of applications in medicine, including real-time or-gan perfusion imaging and targeted molecular imaging ofplaques and tumors. In ultrasound-mediated drug andgene delivery bubbles decorated with a payload of func-tional nanoparticles can be used as a transport vehicle andoffer a highly localized release upon ultrasound activation.The pathways to efficiently release these nanomedicinesand optimization of their subsequent transport to the tar-get site remains unclear owing to both the microscopiclength scale of the problem and the range of time scales

that extend from milliseconds all the way down to nanosec-onds. Here, we present a physical description of the un-derlying mechanisms that lead to the controlled release.First, we show theoretically how non-spherical bubble os-cillations, induced by the presence of a neighboring sub-strate, lead to the formation of a dent on the bubble sur-face where the local oversaturation induces payload re-lease. Subsequently, transport is ensured by microstream-ing that is generated by the very same non-spherical mi-crobubble oscillations. The bubble dynamics model is val-idated experimentally through ultra high-speed imaging in

[email protected]

[email protected]


an unconventional side-view at tens of nanoseconds timescale combined with high-speed fluorescence imaging totrack the release and the transport of a fluorescent pay-load. The transport distance and the intrinsic bubble res-onance behavior are quantified and agree well with the

model. This new physical insight allows for the optimiza-tion of the therapeutic use of targeted microbubbles forprecision medicine and as such helps reduce the potentialdeleterious effects of systemic injection.


Multibubble Sonoluminescence and Bubble Dynamics in Glycerol-water Mixtures – (Contributed, 000200)

P.-K. Choi and M. BanDept. of Physics, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Kanagawa, Japan


Multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) from viscous liq-uid has not been sufficiently studied. We investigated theconcentration dependence of SL intensity and SL pulsewidth in glycerol-water mixtures, together with a high-speed observation of bubble dynamics. The SL intensityincreased and maximized at 80% glycerol at ultrasonic fre-quency of 50 kHz. Conversely, the SL intensity decreasedwith increasing glycerol concentration at 150 kHz. High-speed shadowgraphy of cavitation bubbles demonstratedthat spherical oscillation due to viscous damping and theincrease in the tiny bubble number are responsible for the

result at 50 kHz. At 150 kHz viscous damping prohibitedbubble compression, resulting in the temperature decreaseat bubble collapse. The SL pulse width showed broadeningwith increasing the glycerol concentration. The broaden-ing may be associated with a viscous slowing of the bub-ble wall in the very last stage of the initial collapse. Themultiple-peak pulse observed from NaCl solution of 80%glycerol at 28 kHz was attributed to the superposition ofSL pulse from characteristic bubble clusters radiating Naemission.


Water-Molecular Emission from Acoustic Bubbles under Electric Fields – (Contributed, 000215)

H.-B. Lee and P.-K. ChoiDept. of Physics, Meiji University, 1-1-1, Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Kanagawa, Japan


Sonoluminescence (SL) is light emission from cavitat-ing bubbles in a liquid exposed to intense ultrasound.Spectrum of SL from water exhibits a peak originatingfrom electronically excited OH-radical emission around310 nm and a continuous component, which caused bybremsstrahlung. Continuous component extends from theultraviolet to near-infrared region and the intensity de-creased towards the near-infrared region. We have ob-served orange emission from Kr-saturated water in multi-bubble sonoluminescence study at 1 MHz. Orange emis-sion arose in the vicinity of the ground electrode of apiezoceramic transducer, which was partly peeled by ero-sion and exposed to sample water. We verified electric

fields leaked from the surface of damaged ground elec-trode. It suggests an effect of the electric fields leakingfrom piezoceramics on the emitting bubbles. Spectrumof orange emission exhibited a small peak around 337nmand a broad component peaking at 713 and 813 nm. In-tensity of a broad component gradually increased towardsthe near-infrared region. The spectra resembled the flameemission spectra from water molecules measured by Kita-gawa and Gaydon in position and intensity of emissionlines. A broad component of the spectrum was ascribedto the superposition of lines due to vibration-rotation tran-sitions of water molecules, which were broadened by thehigh pressure at bubble collapse.

Tue 8:00 309 Life at the Intersection of Light and Sound

Photoacoustic tissue characterization toward potential in vivo biopsy – (Invited, 000079)

X. WangUniversity of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Background, Motivation and Objective: Majority of cur-rent studies on photoacoustic (PA) imaging are focused onthe total signal magnitudes as the reflection of the macro-scopic optical absorption by specific chemical contents atsingle or multiple optical wavelengths. Our recent researchhas demonstrated that the frequency domain power dis-tribution of radio-frequency (RF) PA signals contains themicroscopic information of the optically absorbing mate-rials in the sample. In this research, we were seekingfor the best method of systematically analyzing the PAmeasurement from biological tissues and the feasibility ofquantifying tissue chemical and microstructural featuresfor potential tissue characterization.Statement of Contribution/Methods: By performing PAscan over a broad spectrum covering the optical fin-gerprints of specific relevant chemical components, andthen transforming the radio-frequency signals into thefrequency domain, a 2D spectrogram, namely physio-chemical spectrogram (PCS) can be generated. The PCSpresents the ”optical signature” and the ”ultrasonic sig-nature” of tissue simultaneously in one 2D spectrogram,thus contains rich diagnostic information allowing quan-

tification of not only contents but also histological micro-features of various chemical components in tissue. Com-prehensive analysis of PCS, namely photoacoustic physio-chemical analysis (PAPCA), could reveal the histopathol-ogy information in tissue and hold the potential to achievecomprehensive and accurate tissue characterization.

Results/Discussion: The experiment on human prostatetissues with Gleason grades confirmed by histopathol-ogy has validated the capability of photoacoustic spec-tral analysis in characterizing the Gleason patterns. An-other experiment on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) mouse models has demonstrated that, by quan-tifying the PCS at the optical absorption peaks of majorchromophores in liver tissue including hemoglobin, lipidand collagen, PAPCA can non-invasively characterize thepathological changes correlated to steatosis and fibrosis inliver, two of the leading medical problems in the UnitedStates. All the findings support our hypothesis that thePA measurement holds the promise to provide histopathol-ogy information comparable to gold standard biopsy andpathology.


Fast Time Reversal Ultrasound Encoded Optical Focusing for Deep Brain Optogenetic Activation –(Invited, 000089)

C. YangCalifornia Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, MC 136-93, Pasadena, Ca, 91125, USA


We appear opaque because our tissues scatter light verystrongly. Traditionally, focusing of light in biological tis-sues is confounded by the extreme scattering nature oftissues. Interestingly, optical scattering is time-symmetricand we can exploit optical phase conjugation methodsto null out scattering effects. We have demonstrated atime-reversed ultrasound-encoded (TRUE) optical focus-ing strategy based on the use of digital optical phase con-jugation to flexibly and controllably deliver high optical

power in ex vivo tissues. Our ability to meaningfully fo-cus light in such turbidity is enabled by the successful useof the time-reversal symmetry of optical scattering. Asa focusing method, we expect that the use of the digitalTRUE focusing technique would enable the extension ofoptogenetic techniques to the deep brain for non-invasive,spatially specific, excitation/inhibition. Moving forward,the method can also potentially allow deep tissue opticalimaging at unprecedented depth.


Transcranial transmission of shock waves by a Laser-generated Carbon Nano Tube transducer – (Contributed,

000209)

M. Leea, D.-G. Paenga, K. Hab and M. J. ChoicaJeju National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; bPukyong

National University, Department of Physics, Pukyong National Univ., 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea; cJeju National University,

Medical College, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea


Laser-generated focused ultrasound (FUS) produces a sin-gle shock pulse with large amplitude for a few micro-seconds. The purpose of this study is to explore thefeasibility of transcranial transmission of the shock pulsegenerated by a CNT/PDMS (Carbon Nano Tube / Poly-dimethylsiloxane) transducer. An Nd:YAG pulse laser sys-tem (Tribeam, Jeisys, Medical Inc, Seoul, Korea) with a

wavelength of 532nm, energy of 175mJ, and pulse repe-tition frequency of 2Hz was used to generate the shockpulse, and a needle hydrophone (TNU001A, Onda, Sun-nyvale, CA, USA) was used to measure the shock pulsetransmitted through the skull. We measured the trans-mitted acoustic signals through skull cadavers in terms ofpressure, center frequency, and attenuation coefficient at

[email protected]

[email protected]


the five different positions, central region, frontal lobe,left and right temporal lobes and occipital lobe of theskull with and without the skull. The average thick-ness, density and sound speed of the three skull cadavers(No.96, No.99, No.100) were computed from computed to-mography (CT) images, and they were 7.5±0.4, 6.7±0.3,5.4±0.2mm, 2.00±0.02, 1.99±0.03, 2.08±0.03g/cm3, and2977±33, 2964±48, 3096±52m/s, respectively. The cen-ter frequency and pressure were measured to 1.25MHzand 400kPa, respectively, in water without the skull asa reference. Then the center frequencies, of the trans-mitted signals of the three skull cadavers are 272±32,

224±61, 399±105kHz, the corresponding peak pressuresare 26.4±11.1, 28.6±9.8, 82.8±38.6kPa, and the corre-sponding attenuation coefficients are 4.72±0.6, 5.12±0.95,and 3.86±1.4np/cm/MHz up to 1.6MHz, respectively.The higher frequencies were mostly attenuated throughthe skull, and the center frequencies and the peak pres-sures seemed to be mostly related with the thickness ofthe cadaver. This study showed the possibility of tran-scranial transmission of shock waves generated by a CNTtransducer for non-invasive treatment of the brain tissue inthe areas of opening of blood brain barrier, sonoporation,neuromodulation.


Three-dimensional Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Combined Microscope for Imaging of Skin MicroVasculature – (Contributed, 000239)

Y. Saijoa, R. Nagaokaa, H. Iwazakib, T. Omurob, T. Idab, S. Yoshizawaa and S.-I. UmemuraaaTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bAdvantest Corporation, 1-5 Shintone, 349-1158 Kasu,

Japan


In the era of aging society, much attention is paid to skinaging and precise evaluation method of skin becomes moreimportant. Especially, dermis (∼2.2 mm) consisting of col-lagen, elastin, sebaceous glands and micro vessels, plays animportant role in skin aging. For imaging of dermis, opti-cal imaging modalities such as scanning laser microscopyor optical coherence tomography don’t have enough pen-etration depth to observe whole layer of dermis. High fre-quency ultrasound has realized high resolution skin imag-ing to observe whole layer of the dermis and to measurethe viscoelasticity of dermis and the volume of sebaceousglands. In the present study, photoacoustic (PA) and ul-trasound (US) combined microscope is proposed for visu-alization of three-dimensional (3D) structure of micro ves-sels in dermis. Nd:YAG laser with the wavelength of 532nm, pulse width of 7 ns, pulse energy of 19 µJ/pulse andrepetition rate of 500 Hz was used in the PA-US combined

microscope (PAUSM) system. The optical fiber with thecore diameter of 600 µm for laser delivery was insertedthrough the center hole of the concave ultrasound trans-ducer with the central frequency of 50 MHz. Both US andPA signal were acquired at the sampling rate of 250 MHzand the resolution of 8 bits. Conventional ultrasound gelwas used for the coupling medium between the transducerand the skin. The transducer was mechanically scannedabove the skin to obtain 3D dataset of US and PA sig-nals. 3D view of microvasculature with the volume of4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm was successfully obtained withthe PAUSM. PAUSM will provide important informationfor assessment of skin aging. This study was supportedby Impulsing Paradigm Change through Disruptive Tech-nologies Program from the Cabinet Office, Government ofJapan.


Identification of prostate cancer in ex vivo human prostates by photoacoustic physio-chemical analysis– (Contributed, 000255)

Y. Chena, Y. Qina, J. Pana, S. Huangb, C. Xub, D. Wub, T. Fengc, J. Yuand, X. Wange, G. Xuf and Q. ChenggaInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 Shanghai, China;bDepartment of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200065 Shanghai, China; cSchool

of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, 210094 Nanjing, China;dDepartment of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu , China, 210000 Nanjing, China; eUniversity

of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA; fDepartment of Radiology, University of Michigan Med-

ical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA; gInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering,

Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China


Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosedcancer and the second cause of cancer deaths in Americanmen. PCa has a relatively low progression rate, yet it can-not be cured once metastasized. The accurate diagnosis

of the aggressive PCa is critical for the survival of PCapatients. Biopsy is the standard procedure for evaluatingthe presence and aggressiveness of PCa. The microarchi-tecture of the biopsied tissues is graded as a quantification

[email protected]

[email protected]


of the PCa aggressiveness. Due to the inaccurate imag-ing guidance, less than 10% of the samples are clinicallysignificant. Purposed at alleviating the complications ofneedle biopsy, this study investigates the feasibility of as-sessing the aggressiveness of PCa using interstitial photoa-coustic (PA) measurements without tissue removal. Wedesigned a prototype needle PA probe for measurementsin ex vivo human prostates and transformed the multi-spectral PA measurement data to the 2D spectrograms inthe frequency domain. The analysis of the stripe featuresin the spectrograms, namely PA physio-chemical analysis(PAPCA), was implemented to the data acquired from 10

ex vivo human prostates. Measurements were acquired at24 cancerous and 21 benign locations. Statistically signif-icant difference was found between the aggressive cancer-ous and benign regions in the prostates. We also foundthat the difference in the ultrasonic frequency domain isassociated with microarchitecture of tissue and could beused for differentiate normal, precancerous or canceroustissue. The results show that the stripe features in thespectrograms are associated with each relevant componentin biological tissue and PAPCA could quantify the histo-logical features in the assessed tissue.


Carbon Nanotubes as Potential Candidate for Photoacoustic Imaging Contrast Agent – (Contributed,

000170)

S. Siregara, R. Nagaokab and Y. SaijobaTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku



Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is biomedical imagingmodality to visualize the object based on produced ultra-sound by absorbed light. The principle of PAI are pulsedlaser irradiate the object, then the object will absorbs thelight, the temperature of object will be increased, pres-sure in the surrounding object also increase, then finallyultrasound wave is produced. The reconstruct image isbased on the produced ultrasound. In the real case, theblood vessel can be observed, because the hemoglobin ab-sorbs the green light. However, the green light does notpenetrate deep into the tissue and the region of interestis not always good light absorber. As a consequence, thecontrast agent is needed in PAI. We propose the nanopar-ticle of carbon nanotube (CNT) for contrast agent ma-

terial of PAI, since CNT has strong absorption in thevisible-infrared regions. The infrared region is importantregion, since the infrared light can penetrated more effi-cient than in visible region. Furthermore, CNT is econom-ically cheaper than well-known PAI contrast agent goldnanoparticles. In the present work, we show theoreticalcalculation of the heat distribution in the CNT during thelaser irradiation and experimental results by injecting thenanoparticle of CNT to the object will enhance the pho-toacoustic signal. These results extend our understandingof PAI contrast agent and provide the foundation for fu-ture PAI technology using carbon nanotube as contrastagent.

Tue 8:00 305B Linear and Nonlinear Granular Metamaterials and Devices

Recent Progress in the Characterization of Nonlinear Phenomena in Microscale Granular Media viaLaser Ultrasonics – (Invited, 000305)

N. BoechlerUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA


In this invited talk, I will discuss recent progress in ourstudies of nonlinear phenomena in granular media com-posed of micro- to nanoscale spherical particles. Whilemacroscale analogues of such systems have been shown toexhibit an array of unique dynamic phenomena as a re-sult of the geometric nonlinearity of elastically deformingparticles in contact, experimental investigations of similarphenomena containing smaller, micro- to nanoscale, par-ticles remain limited. I will describe our use of laser ul-trasonic techniques to: characterize the scale-dependenceof the adhesive contact nonlinearity of two-dimensional

micro- to nanoscale granular crystals, wherein the parti-cle size is varied by over an order of magnitude; and tostudy weakly to strongly nonlinear wave propagation inthree-dimensional ordered and disordered arrays of micro-to nanoscale particles. These studies provide new insightinto micro- to nanoscale contact mechanics and dynam-ics, with applications in areas such as energetic materialdynamics, and may enable the design of new types of ma-terials with ultrasonic wave tailoring properties that canbe self-assembled in large quantities.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Polydispersed Granular Chains: From Long-lived Chaotic Anderson-like Localization to Energy Equipar-tition – (Contributed, 000303)

V. Achilleosa, G. Theocharisb and C. SkokoscaLAUM, UMR-CNRS 6613,Le Mans Universite, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; bLAUM-CNRS, Universite du Maine,

Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France; cUniversity of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape

Town, South Africa


We investigate the dynamics of highly polydispersed fi-nite granular chains. We consider the ideal case of a loss-less chain and we study a random distribution of massesof spherical beads. From the spatio- spectral propertiesof small vibrations, we identify which particular single-particle displacements lead to energy localization. Then,we address a fundamental question: Do granular nonlin-earities lead to chaotic dynamics and if so, does chaos

destroy this energy localization? Our numerical simula-tions show that for moderate nonlinearities, although theoverall system behaves chaotically, it can exhibit long last-ing energy localization for particular single particle excita-tions. On the other hand, for sufficiently strong nonlinear-ities, connected with contact breaking, the granular chainreaches energy equipartition and an equilibrium chaoticstate, independent of the initial position excitation.


Vibrational Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Micro-granular Crystal Studied via Laser-induced Tran-sient Gratings – (Contributed, 000300)

A. Vega-Flicka, R. A. Duncanb, S. P. Wallenc, N. Boechlerd, C. Stellinge, M. Retsche, J.-J. Alvarado-Gila, K. A.Nelsonb and A. Maznevb

aCINVESTAV Unidad-Merida, Applied Physics Department, Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Km 6, Cordemex, 97310 Merida, Yucatan,

Mexico; bMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; cUniversity of Washington,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Box 352600, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2600, USA; dUniversity of California San Diego,

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; eUniversity of Bayreuth, Physical Chemistry-Polymer

Systems, Universitaetsstr 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany


Ordered granular materials referred as granular crystalshave attracted attention due to a wide display of acousticeffects resulting from the interaction between the parti-cles via Hertzian contacts and from the periodic particlearrangement. In the present work [1], we study the vi-bration dynamics of a two-dimensional hexagonal mono-layer of polystyrene microspheres adhered to a glass sub-strate coated with a thin aluminum layer. Unlike previ-ous studies, the microsphere monolayer is ”single-cyrstal”and has long-range order extending over distances com-parable with the measurement area. We employed thelaser-induced transient grating technique. In this method,two excitation pulses are overlapped at the sample sur-face forming an interference pattern of period L. Subse-quent absorption of the laser light (by the aluminum film)induces thermal expansion and launches counterpropa-gating acoustic modes with wavelength L. Through mea-surements of the acoustic dispersion across the Brillouinzone, three different types of vibrational modes where

determined in the crystallographic direction Γ-K: low-frequency contact-based modes of the granular monolayer,high-frequency modes originating from spheroidal vibra-tions of the microspheres, and surface Rayleigh waves.We identify three low-frequency contact-based modes-one predominantly vertical, and two of mixed horizontal-rotational character-consistent with recent theoretical pre-dictions. In addition, we observe resonance splitting of thespheroidal modes caused by the symmetry breaking due tointeraction with the substrate, as well as an avoided cross-ing between the Rayleigh and spheroidal modes. Both thecontact-based and spheroidal vibrations are shown to becollective modes of the microgranular crystal controlledby particle-particle contacts. These observations are com-pared with the theory we develop within the small pertur-bation approach.[1] A. Vega-Flick, R. A. Duncan, S. P. Wallen, N. Boechler,C. Stelling, M. Retsch, J. J. Alvarado-Gil, K. A. Nelson,A. A. Maznev, Phys. Rev. B 96, 024303 (2017)


Strongly nonlinear hysteretic propagation of torsional waves in a granular chain – (Contributed, 000252)

A. Cebrecosa, P. Bequina, G. Theocharisb, V. E. Gusevc and V. TournataaLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France;bLAUM-CNRS, Universite du Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France; cLe Mans

[email protected]

[email protected]


Universite, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France


We study torsional waves in a 1D granular chain madeof self-hanged magnetic beads. Due to the torsional cou-pling between beads, the propagation medium is purelynonlinear hysteretic, providing the opportunity to studythe phenomena related to nonlinear dynamic hysteresis inthe absence of other types of material nonlinearities as wellas dispersion effects. Specifically, we consider the propaga-

tion of large amplitude signals, reaching a strongly nonlin-ear regime, beyond the limits of the quadratic hystereticapproximation. In this regime, total torsional sliding atthe contacts manifests and strong amplitude saturation ef-fects are observed. These results could be of fundamentalinterest but may also find potential applications in non-linear wave control devices.


Tuning the Vibrational Response of Microscale Granular Crystals via Manipulation of Nanoscale Con-tact Features – (Contributed, 000246)

M. Abi Ghanema, A. Khanolkara, J. Eliasonb, A. Maznevb, N. Vogelc and N. BoechlerdaUniversity of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; bMassachusetts Institute of Technology,

Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; cFriedrich-Alexander University, Institute of Particle Technology, 91048

Erlangen, Germany; dUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093,

USA


Arrays of elastic spheres in contact, often referred to as”granular crystals”, have shown promise for acoustic wavetailoring. This promise has stemmed from a combinationof dispersion resulting from discreteness of the system andthe nonlinearity of the contact mechanics. Recent stud-ies have begun to examine the contact-based dynamics ofmicroscale granular, or ”colloidal” crystals, wherein effectssuch as adhesion play a significant role. However, manipu-lation of the contact properties of microscale granular crys-tals, has remained an unexplored territory. In this work,we present two ways of tailoring the contact properties andoverall dynamic response of microscale granular crystals,wherein the dynamic response is characterized via laser ul-trasonic techniques. First, we show the effect of nanoscalebridges near the particle contacts, which have size and

shape that are dependent on the self-assembly manufac-turing process, on the longitudinal eigenvibrations of 3Dmicroscale granular crystals. Second, we show how to tunea contact resonance of a 2D microscale granular crystal ona substrate using optical microlensing. In the latter case,a microscale granular crystal composed of silica particlesacts as an optical lens array that focuses high intensitylaser pulses that locally ablate the area under the con-tact, and form nanoholes beneath the spheres. Measuringthe out-of-plane contact resonance of the microscale gran-ular crystal, we observe an increase of the microspherecontact resonance up to 300%. Our findings open new av-enues to engineer adhesive contact properties and tailorthe response of micro- and nanostructured materials withultrasonic wave tailoring functionalities.

Tue 8:00 307B Novel Sensors and Actuators

Densely packed semi-random spherical array transducer to su-ppress grating lobe levels in real-timephotoacoustic imaging – (Contributed, 000018)

S.-I. Umemura, R. Nagaoka, S. Yoshizawa and Y. SaijoTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


For real-time photoacoustic imaging of microcirculation,a 256-channel spherically curved two-dimensional arraytransducer with a central frequency higher than 10 MHzwas designed. With a conventional densely packed arraydesign, the grating lobe level increases very rapidly as thereception beam steering angle increases. However, ran-dom sparsely packed arrays, typically used to reduce grat-ing lobe levels because they produce grating lobes evenwithout beam steering. This can be a disadvantage whenthe beam steering angle is limited. To solve these prob-lems, a novel design of a densely packed semi-random two-dimension array is proposed. The design starts with ar-

ranging circular elements with the same size with an al-gorithm imitating crystal growth. A semi-random arraywas obtained, but it was not densely packed enough atthis stage. Then, the area between circular elements weredivided and made belong to the nearest circular element.This process can be regarded as a centroidal Voronoi tes-sellation. A densely-packed two-dimensional array config-uration can be thereby obtained. The performance of thedensely packed semi-random array transducer, obtainedby the proposed design, was first tested by numerical sim-ulation, tuned, and compared. The proposed array withcellular elements produced much lower grating lobe levels

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


than the conventional with square like elements at highbeam steering angles, as low as the proposed array withcircular elements. The proposed array also produced muchlower grating lobe levels than the array with circular el-ements at low beam steering angles, as low as the con-ventional with square like elements. This result clearly

demonstrates that the proposed design of a densely packedsemi-random two-dimensional array transducer suits thepurpose. A prototype array transducer using 1-3 piezo-composite has been fabricated and its evaluation is un-derway. The results from real-time in vivo photoacousticimaging by using it will also be shown in the presentation.


The Effect of Ti-6Al-4V Microstructure on the Performance of Ultrasonic Soft Tissue Cutting Tips –(Contributed, 000166)

M. Wilkie and M. LucasUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK


Mill annealed Ti-6Al-4V is a commonly used material inhigh-power ultrasonic devices, including cutting tips forultrasonic soft tissue surgical devices. The advantagesof Ti-6Al-4V include its comparably low acoustic atten-uation, mechanical properties which enhance cutting andfacilitate the propagation of acoustic waves, and biocom-patibility. It is known that the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V can influence the performance of ultrasonic surgicaltips, manifesting as differences in heating at the cut siteand alteration of the efficiency. This study therefore aimsto show how the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V modifiesthe acoustic and mechanical properties. Five distinct mi-crostructures are created through different heat treatmentprogrammes to investigate which can provide the best me-chanical and ultrasonic properties for use in ultrasonicsoft tissue cutting tips. The five types of Ti-6Al-4V sam-ple were: mill annealed; course lamellar; widmanstatten;equiaxed plus lamellar; fully equiaxed α plus intergranu-lar β. Mechanical and acoustical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V microstructures and the dynamic response of samplesto ultrasonic excitation were then characterised using a

suite of measurements. Mechanical properties of density,yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, Young’s Modu-lus, and Poisson’s ratio were first determined. The non-linear dynamic responses of the samples were then charac-terised under increasing levels of ultrasonic excitation toobserve the effect of the microstructure above the thresh-old of linear device response. Two methods were used:harmonic analysis (HA) and experimental modal analy-sis (EMA), and the excitation level was increased througha range of input voltages. Acoustic attenuation of thesamples was measured both in static state, using a time offlight experiment, and in samples subjected to the high ex-citation levels that typify the operational conditions of ul-trasonic surgical cutting tips. In particular, acoustic veloc-ity, non-linear dynamic response and acoustic attenuationwere shown to differ significantly between the five differentTi-6Al-4V microstructure samples, with the widmenstat-ten showing better acoustic properties than mill annealed.Results show how these differences can be related to per-formance of Ti-6Al-4V surgical tips, providing potentialto define microstructures for device enhancement.


Ultrasonically assisted cutting blades for large bone surgeries – (Contributed, 000185)

D. Richardsa and M. LucasbaUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, School of Engineering, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; bUniversity of Glasgow, James

Watt South Building, University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK


Ultrasonic bone cutting is known to offer advantages overmore conventional techniques, however ultrasonic surgi-cal devices for hard tissues are currently limited to smallbone surgical procedures. Large bone surgeries are com-monly achieved using a sagittal saw that cuts bone usinga high-speed oscillatory motion of the blade, but thesedevices cause heating at the cut site. This study inves-tigates the potential benefits of an ultrasonically assistedsagittal saw, and explores a number of designs based onincorporating planar and Langevin ultrasonic transducersin sagittal saw blades, such that the saw blade motioncombines a longitudinal-mode ultrasonic motion with theoscillatory sagittal motion. The results compare a range

of different designs, and demonstrate their effectiveness attransverse cutting.

A series of seven different blades incorporating a piezoelec-tric transducer were designed using finite element analysis(FEA) and were subsequently characterised using exper-imental modal analysis (EMA). All of the blades weretuned to operate in a longitudinal mode of vibration.Three measures of performance were compared for theblades; the mechanical quality factor (QM), the effectivecoupling coefficient (keff) and the electrical quality factor(QE), which were determined from impedance analysis.The dynamic response characterisations were also mea-sured and compared, using a harmonic analysis involving

[email protected]

[email protected]


bi-directional frequency sweeps through the tuned longi-tudinal resonance at increasing excitation levels.The blades were tested in a linear loading rig, where theywere drawn across a fixed piece of bone substitute mate-rial, mimicking a typical cut of a sagittal saw. Each bladewas tested first with no ultrasonic excitation, and then fora range of increasing ultrasonic amplitudes and increasing

applied load. The morphology of the cutting chips, thedepth of cut, and the cutting force were all recorded forcomparison of performance.The results of the tests show that the cutting force for anultrasonically excited sagittal saw blade is lower than fora sagittal blade without ultrasonic excitation and the ul-trasonically excited blade achieves a greater depth of cut.


Focusing of ultrasound using flat piston transducer and Fresnel Zone Plate for Medical Imaging –(Contributed, 000211)

K. Baik, S. Kim, Y. T. Kim, I. Doh, J. Hyun and H. J. LeeKorea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267, Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, 34113 Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Focusing of ultrasound has been an interesting issue forits applicability of medical imaging and physical ther-apy. In conventional ultrasound focusing systems usingphased array, ultrasonic lens, and metamaterial, etc., fo-cal length and beam diameter of generating ultrasoundare not changeable but fixed. In the current study, fo-cusing was done using conventional flat piston transducerand Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) that can be inserted in frontof the transducer. Focal length and beam diameter were

controlled by the number of Fresnel zones, size of the aper-ture, and operating frequency. Current study shows thetheoretical design of the FZP and the measurements ofintensity profile both in axial and lateral directions thatare consistent well either with the theory or FEM sim-ulations. Another design of the plate that gives similarperformance of FZP is also presented, which is done bythe shape optimization technique.


Kerfless Phased Array Using Sol-Gel Composite Spraying Technique – (Contributed, 000290)

M. Tanabe, M. Kobaysahi, K. Nakatsuma and M. NishimotoKumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, 860-8555 Kumamoto, Japan


Sol-gel composite spraying technique is a method for de-veloping piezoelectric transducer by spraying compositematerial of piezoelectric sol-gel solution and powder, andhas attracted great attention especially in non-destructivetesting over the years because of its features such as curvedsurface suitability, flexibility, and high-temperature dura-bility. The flexibility arises from the fact that the fabri-cated piezoelectric layer has many holes. In this study, the

porosity of the fabricated piezoelectric layer was focusedon achieving a kerfless phased array for medical ultrasoundimaging. The porosity should contribute to a decrease incrosstalk among elements. As a preliminary experiment,the kerfless linear array transducers with various pitchesfrom 50 to 200 µm, using the sol-gel composite sprayingtechnique were fabricated and each fundamental perfor-mance was evaluated.


Wide-band Design of Diaphragm pMUT based on Induction of Strain in Film Thickness Direction byAspect Ratio Control – (Contributed, 000231)

Y. Ishiguroa, N. Tagawab and T. OkuboaaTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6, Asahigaoka, Hino, 1910065 Tokyo, Japan; bTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka,

Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan


Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer(PMUT) array systems manufactured by MEMS technol-ogy are attracting attention due to their high performance.Diaphragm-type transducers are easy to manufacture byMEMS and are advantageous for miniaturization, but

generally have narrow band characteristics undesirablefor high definition imaging. We have investigated howthe bandwidth and sensitivity change by thickening thePZT diaphragm by simulation, and confirmed that thoseare improved than a general thin diaphragm. In this

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


study, we expect the existence of an appropriate valueof the aspect ratio defined between the width and thethickness. We investigate the reception performance ofdiaphragm transducers consisting of PZT and Si layer byFEM simulation. Diaphragm-type transducers have widthand layers thicknesses of PZT and Si layer as design pa-rameters. Each parameter dependence of the ultrasonicreception performance is confirmed by simulation, and itstendency is analyzed. Based on the results, we derive anoptimal transducer design method for a desired frequencyband. It is reported that the diaphragm-type transducerusing membrane vibrations is in a narrow band and thebulk transducer using thickness vibrations has a specific

bandwidth of 60 to 100%. A diaphragm thicker than acertain thickness threshold has a specific bandwidth of150% or more in the simulation. The critical thicknessis determined by the aspect ratio. A thick diaphragm,that is, a high aspect ratio diaphragm causes coexistenceof membrane vibration and thickness vibration. If thethickness is too thick, it becomes a simple vibration of thethickness vibration, and the bandwidth gradually narrows.It is also possible to achieve high sensitivity by controllingthe thickness of the Si layer. For a desired frequency band,it is possible to optimally design for various applicationsfrom the viewpoint of bandwidth and sensitivity using theaspect ratio as a design parameter.

Tue 8:00 308A Ultrasound in Air

Ultrasonic Characterization of Noodle Dough for the Development of Air-coupled Ultrasound On-lineQuality Control During Production – (Contributed, 000151)

R.-M. Guillermica, S. O. Kerhervea, H. Wangb, A. Strybulevycha, D. W. Hatcherc, M. G. Scanlonb and J. H. PageaaUniversity of Manitoba - Department of Physics and Astronomy, 30A Sifton Road, Allen building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2;bUniversity of Manitoba - Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Ellis Building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2; cGrain

Research Laboratory - Canadian Grain Commission, 303 Main St, Winnipeg, Canada R3C 3G7


Characterization of the mechanical properties of soft foodmaterials is crucial in the food industry, both for processdesign and for quality enhancement purposes. Sheetingis a common process in food processing and consists ofpassing dough through a gap between a pair of rotatingrolls. In the case of the Asian noodle industry, composi-tion and work input during the sheeting process are impor-tant parameters that influence the mechanical propertiesof dough, and as a consequence, the final product quality.An accurate and fast determination of these properties willcertainly improve the industrial food processing, allowingthe manufacturers a better control of the uniformity oftheir product during production. To address this need,we are conducting a full study of noodle dough with ultra-

sonic techniques (air-coupled and contact). Contact lon-gitudinal experiments were performed over a wide rangeof frequencies (0.5 to 12 MHz). This allows the charac-terization of bubbles and noodle dough matrix properties,and how they are affected by composition and processingconditions. This study brings a better understanding ofthe material properties, necessary for developing an ultra-sonic air-coupled technique for real-time on-line qualitycontrol during noodle dough production. Benefiting fromthis new knowledge, an air-coupled ultrasound techniqueis being used to assess the mechanical properties of noodledough sheets and has been evaluated in pilot-plant trials,showing its feasibility for real-time quality monitoring.


Directivity of a circular transverse vibrating plate type aerial ultrasonic source with a truncated coneshaped reflective plate – (Contributed, 000230)

H. Yoshinoa, T. Asamib and H. MiurabaNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 1018308 Tokyo, Japan; bNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai

1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan


In order to get a high sound pressure at a long distance,the sharp directivity of a sound source is necessary. Forthis purpose, the authors have investigated the directiv-ity of the aerial ultrasonic source is installed a circular vi-brating plate and a truncated cone shaped reflective plate.This source can radiate the sharp directivity aerial ultra-sonic waves easily because the circular transverse vibratingplate where the driving point is the center of the plate isattached to the longitudinal vibration source and the trun-cated cone shaped reflective plate is installed in around the

circular vibrating plate. In the results, the sharp directiv-ity of sound waves was formed on the central axis of thevibrating plate. In this report, we investigated the soundpressure distribution on the plane parallel to the vibrat-ing plate. Then, we examined directivity by measuringthe half width from the sound pressure. We measured thephase distribution on the plane both parallel and perpen-dicular to the vibrating plate. In the results, the soundpressure distribution on the plane parallel to the vibratingplate is high sound pressure near the center of the vibrat-

[email protected]

[email protected]


ing plate. The half width of the radiate sound wave wasabout 130 mm. at the measurement point of 1 m from thevibrating plate. In the planar phase distribution, it waspossible to confirm the phase-aligned part near the center

of the vibrating plate on the plane parallel to the vibrat-ing plate. In addition, it was able to confirm the spreadof the sound waves from the phase on the plane verticalto the vibrating plate.


Analysis of Vertical Sound Image Control with Parametric Loudspeakers – (Contributed, 000015)

S. Aoki, K. Shimizu and K. ItouKanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, 921 - 8501 Nonoichi, Japan


The parametric loudspeaker is known as a super direc-tional loudspeaker by using nonlinear interaction betweenhigh power ultrasounds in air. The parametric loud-speaker is one of the prominent applications of nonlinearacoustics. It is expected that a stereo reproduction us-ing the parametric loudspeakers will lead to enjoy musicwithout other persons’ annoyance and trouble. So far,we had conducted the listening test that the parametricloudspeaker reproduced left and right signals with binau-ral information.The characteristics of the sound localization with the up-per and lower parametric loudspeakers in the vertical di-rection were investigated by the results of listening tests.The vertical direction of sound localization was able to becontrolled when the acoustical axis was set to the rightear. The results were similar as in using ordinary loud-speakers. The dependence of the parametric loudspeakerson the level difference between the upper and lower loud-speakers was weaker than those of the ordinary loudspeak-

ers. Moreover, it was found that the left-right sound lo-calization could be realized only with the upper and lowerparametric loudspeakers. By setting the parametric loud-speaker the right ear, that is by setting it only 3 degreesrightward, the direction of sound localization moved about10 degrees rightward.

In order to make clear the obtained new finding, the effectof the acoustic axis of the parametric loudspeaker to thedirection of left-right sound localization was analyzed indetails. The ILD (Interaural Level Difference) were calcu-lated by introducing a simple geometrical acoustic modelof a listener head.

Reference S. Aoki, et al., ”Characteristics of stereo repro-duction with parametric loudspeakers,” The InternationalCongresses on Ultrasonics (2011). pp.47-50. K. Shimizu,et al., ”Study of vertical sound image control using para-metric loudspeakers,” The International Congresses on Ul-trasonics (2015). pp.1031-1034.


Divergence control of ultrasonic sound waves generated by a parametric speaker – (Contributed, 000282)

Y. Matsui, M. Oi, G. Cheng, X. Wu and H. FuruhashiAichi Institute of Technology, 1247, Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, 4700392 Toyota, Japan


A parametric speaker system that controls the divergenceof ultrasonic sound waves has been developed in this study.Owing to their sharp directivity, parametric speakers thatuse ultrasonic waves modulated by audio signals fromarray transmitters have garnered much attention in thesound industry. However, the divergence of directivity isdetermined by the mechanical configuration of a speakerand cannot be controlled. Therefore, such sharp directiv-ity limits the application of the sound system. In this pa-per, a system that can electrically control the divergence ofsound waves is proposed. For a parametric speaker, ampli-tude modulation of audible sound with an ultrasonic soundcarrier wave of frequency 40 kHz and self-demodulation in

air were realized. The proposed speaker comprises 144ultrasonic transmitting elements. Each phase of these el-ements can be controlled to control the divergence of anultrasonic sound wave. The divergence of the audio soundgenerated by the speaker is controlled by the control ofthe ultrasonic waves. The system was constructed, andthe divergence of the audio sound was controlled success-fully. The divergence of the audio sound widened with anincrease in the divergence of the ultrasonic sound waves.The characteristics of the system are discussed in thispaper. This work was partially supported by the grantof Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS) under15K05879 for research institute expenses.

[email protected]

[email protected]


Wed 11:00 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2

Effect of diffraction modes on acoustic bandgap formation in two-dimensional phononic crystal in water– (Contributed, 000165)

H. S. Kanga, W.-G. Kima, S. W. Yoona and K. I. LeebaSungKyunKwan University, 2066, SEOBU-RO, JANGAN-GU, KS002 Suwon, Republic of Korea; bKangwon National University,

Chuncheon, 24341 Chuncheon, Republic of Korea


We experimentally and theoretically investigated the effectof diffraction modes on the formation process of acous-tic bandgaps in two-dimensional (2D) phononic crystals(PCs) consisting of periodic arrays of stainless steel rodsimmersed in water. The acoustic bandgaps were classifiedinto two types by their formation process, and the effect ofdiffraction modes on the bandgap formation process wasinvestigated. In order to classify the acoustic bandgaps,the pressure transmission coefficients of the 2D PCs weremeasured experimentally by varying the number of layers.As the number of layers of the 2D PC increased, slowlyformed bandgaps and rapidly formed bandgaps were ob-

served. To explain the difference between two kindsof bandgap formations, the acoustic pressure fields atbandgap frequencies were simulated by using the finite el-ement method (FEM). The FEM results showed that onlynormal reflection occurred at the slowly formed bandgapfrequency ranges while additional diffraction modes oc-curred at the rapidly formed bandgap frequency ranges.These confirmed that the additional diffraction modes af-fect the formation process of bandgap rapidly. These re-sults suggest that the number of layers of 2D PCs requiredfor bandgap formation can be reduced by using the acous-tic bandgap including the diffraction modes.

Tue 11:15 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2

Guided Elastic Waves in Nanoscaled 1D Piezoelectric Phononic Crystals – (Contributed, 000056)

A. Chena, D.-J. Yana and Y.-S. WangbaBeijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; bBeijing Jiaotong University, School of

Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China


This paper is concerned with the guided elastic wavespropagating in nanoscaled 1D piezoelectric phononic crys-tal. The equations of wave motion based on the nonlo-cal piezoelectricity continuum theory are derived, and thesymmetric wave mode is considered. The dispersion rela-tion is obtained to analyze the behavior of the guided elas-tic waves and the influences of the nanoscale size-effect. Acut-off frequency appears when taking the nanoscale size-effect into consideration. The influences of the nanoscale

size-effect and the volume fractions on the mode conver-sions are analyzed in details. It is found that all the dis-persion curves including the mode conversion zones arecompressed under the cut-off frequency. The present in-vestigation may help us to control the cut- off frequencyand the mode conversion by tuning the internal or exter-nal characteristic lengths and the volume fractions of thenanoscaled 1D piezoelectric phononic crystal.

Tue 11:30 304A Acoustic Phononic Crystals 2

Ceramic Phononic Crystals with MHz-range Frequency Band Gaps – (Contributed, 000128)

M. Kollera, A. Kruisovaa, H. Seinerb, P. Sedlakb, M. Landab, B. Roman-Mansoc, P. Miranzod, M. Belmonted and T.GrabeceaInstitute of Thermomechanics, CAS, Dolejskova 1402/5, 18200 Praha 8, Czech Republic; bInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolejskova

1402/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic; cSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge

Ma, 02318, USA; dInstitute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV-CSIC), Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain; eNuclear Physics Institute, Rez 130,

250 68 Rez, Czech Republic


Robocasting is an additive manufacturing method, whichis capable of fabricating microarchitectured scaffolds, con-sisting of periodically repeating thin ceramic rods in var-ious spatial arrangements. Fully sintered ceramic scaf-folds are obtained by a combination of layer-by-layer 3Dprinting and subsequent presureless spark plasma sinter-ing of the printed green ceramic bodies. Due to the com-

plex structures with easily tunable geometric parameters,phononic crystals can be fabricated by the robocastingmethod. In this contribution, elastic and acoustic prop-erties of several types of robocast silicon carbide scaffoldsare shown, utilizing a combination of resonant ultrasoundspectroscopy measurements and finite element modeling.For the tetragonal and orthorhombic structures, strong

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


acoustic energy focusing along the principal axes of thesilicon carbide rods is obtained even in the low-frequencylimit, assuming the elastic properties of the scaffolds. Onthe other hand, hexagonal structures are in-plane isotropicwhen the wavelengths are much higher than the princi-pal dimensions of the scaffolds. When the frequency oflongitudinal waves reaches several MHz, dispersion of ul-

trasonic waves is observed as a result of the scaffold ge-ometries. Moreover, frequency band gaps in MHz rangeare detected by measuring longitudinal wave transmissionthrough the hexagonal ceramic scaffold, which is comparedwith a theoretical prediction by the finite element model-ing.

Tue 11:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 2

Application of Improved Orthogonal Polynomial Expansion Method in Calculating Dispersion Curveson Layered Semi-infinite Structure – (Contributed, 000187)

G. R. Song, M. K. Liu, Y. Lu, B. Wu and C. F. HeCollege of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China


The stress at the boundary of adjacent layers is discon-tinuous when the conventional Laguerre orthogonal poly-nomial expansion method is used to calculate the prop-agation characteristics of Rayleigh-like waves on layeredsemi-infinite structure. This problem results in error ofwave velocity calculation, especially when the mechani-cal properties of the adjacent layers differentiate signifi-cantly. In this paper, the conventional Laguerre orthogo-nal polynomial expansion method is improved to overcomethe drawbacks. The Rayleigh-like waves dispersion curves

of semi-infinite structure are calculated by the improvedmethod and verified by the partial wave method. The dif-ference of the dispersion curves calculated by the conven-tional and the improved method can be observed obviouslyfor the different adjacent materials. The stress distribu-tion is reconstructed by the expansion coefficients of or-thogonal polynomial, and the superiority of the improvedmethod in dealing with continuity problem of boundarystress is verified.


Acoustic Delay-Lines Based on Wedge Waves – (Contributed, 000203)

C.-H. Yang and P.-H. TungNational Taipei Univ. of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., 106 Taipei, Taiwan


Traditional piston-type piezoelectric ultrasound transduc-ers are widely used, however, showing their limitations insome applications where small contact area or adjustablepolarization are desired. Wedge waves (WW) are guidedacoustic waves propagating along the tip of a wedge. Theadvantages of wedge wave are motion amplitude is largerthan surface wave and low energy attenuation when tipwith small truncation. This research is focused on thedevelopment of a new type of acoustic delay-line basedon WW. Experimental configuration consists of a 5MHzshear wave transducer and a wedge delay-line transducerfor ultrasonic excitation and detection. In this research,the wedge delay-line transducer is composed of a 2.25MHzshear piezoelectric transducer and an aluminum wedgewith an apex angle of 70. The end point of wedge delayline is contacted at the specimen surface in a point-wisecontact way to measure the vibration signal without cou-

pling agent. The signal is measured by different contactangle contact angle start from 35 to 90 with an intervalangle is 5. Good SNR is demonstrated using the wedge-wave delay line sensor. In the meanwhile, the amplitude ofanti-symmetric flexural mode is found to increase as thecontact angle increases. The result shows when contactangle is approaching to 90, the in-plane shear wave canbe observed with better detection efficiency, but oppositefor the out-plane detection. More importantly, the delayline is shown to be used as polarization-sensitive detec-tion of elastic waves. The wedge delay-line transducer aredemonstrated to be feasible and also characterized experi-mentally. Advantages of using the wedge delay-line trans-ducer include point-wise contact area, no coupling agentneeded and polarization by specific contact angle. This re-search aims at the development of a new signal-detectionmethod based on wedge delay line.


Non-Contact Monitoring of Fatigue Damage in Metallic Plates Using Laser-Generated Zero-GroupVelocity Lamb Waves – (Contributed, 000229)

[email protected]

[email protected]


G. Yana, S. Raetza, N. Chigareva, V. E. Gusevb and V. TournataaLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France;bLe Mans Universite, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France


Any manufactured product, such as metallic sheets, under-goes numerous stresses (e.g. mechanical) during its life-time, which fatigues it and leads it inexorably to presentdefects at some point. Being able to predict the fatiguelifetime or to quantitatively assess the fatigue damagestage in such components is thus of great interest in manyindustrial contexts. In recent years, laser-generated zero-group velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves have proven to be anefficient tool to probe locally and accurately thicknessesor mechanical properties of materials, as well as to de-tect defects. Therefore, we propose to use laser-generatedZGV modes and their local and accurate features to moni-tor without contact the fatigue damage caused in metallicplates by a fatigue loading in buckling configuration.An aluminum sheet is subjected to a cyclic loading in a twosides clamped compression configuration inducing buck-ling. The specimen is unloaded at regular intervals of cy-

cles and the frequency of the first symmetrical ZGV Lambmode is monitored as a function of its localization positionin the plate. The aluminum plate is scanned in front offixed lasers (pulsed laser for generation and CW laser forthe detection) and each measured signal is Fourier trans-formed for the ZGV frequency extraction. As the numberof cycles increases, a monotonic increase of the ZGV fre-quency is first observed in the fatigue region, mainly dueto a thickness change. After numerous loading cycles, anabrupt decrease of the ZGV frequency before specimenfailure occurs associated to fatigue dislocations/cracks. Anumerical model has been developed to further analyze theinfluence on the ZGV mode of local changes in thicknessand mechanical properties due to the fatigue.Our results show the potential of the technique to pre-dict fatigue lifetime and to quantitatively assess differentstages of fatigue damage in solid plate structures.


Phased Waveguide Array for Ultrasonic Imaging in Aggressive Liquids – (Contributed, 000235)

S. A. Tsysara, S. A. Petrosyana, V. D. Svetb and O. A. Sapozhnikova,c

aPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bAcoustics Institute, Shvernika st.

4, 117036 Moscow, Russian Federation; cApplied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA

98105, USA


Ultrasonic imaging in liquids can be performed in multipleways. Restrictions may apply in cases when conventionalimaging systems cannot be adapted to aggressive mediaconditions (chemical, thermal, radioactive etc.), for exam-ple, in nuclear reactors with liquid-metal coolants. Here,a method of using a set of acoustic waveguides in the formof solid rods to create a multi-element receiving array wasproposed and tested in nonaggressive liquids. The methodis based on the transmission of an ultrasonic signal fromone end of the waveguide, which is immersed in a liquidmedium, to its other end, which is remote from that liq-uid. The waveguide output signal is registered using ei-ther optical interferometer or a piezoelectric sensor. Theuse of a set of single-mode waveguides allows to minimizecross-talk issues of receiving elements (input tips of eachrod) and provides a local response. In experiments, therods from 1 to 5 mm diameter were used. Formation ofa multi-element waveguide array was performed by aper-

ture synthesis technique using a computer-controlled 3Dpositioning system. Absorbing baffle was placed aroundthe input end of one transmitting rod in order to pro-vide acoustic excitation of this input tip only. Scatterers(a set of 3-mm beads and 5-mm tube) were exposed toan ultrasonic beam generated by a 10 cm diameter flatpiezoceramic transducer of 1 MHz frequency placed in awater tank. Vibration of the output tip of the rod wasrecorded by a small single-element piezoelectric transducercoupled with the tip. Spatio-temporal transfer function ofthe multichannel waveguide system was calculated fromthe real boundary conditions provided by acoustical holog-raphy measurements. It is shown the resulting image ofscatterers provides good localization of all targets demon-strating a potential for the proposed system to be used forultrasonic imaging. Work supported by RSF grant 17-72-10284.


Characterization of Micro-crack Evolution Using Nonlinear Lamb Waves – (Contributed, 000260)

C. Maa, W. Zhua, Y. Xianga, M. Dengb and H. ZhangcaEAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, MAIL BOX 531, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai,

China; bLOGISTICS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY TOWN, SHA-PING-BA DISTRICT, 400016 Chongqing, China;cSHANGHAI UNIVERSITY, NANCHEN ROAD 333, BAOSHAN DISTRICT, 200444 Shanghai, China


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Abstract: Recent studies show that nonlinear ultrasonicmethods are better than conventional linear ultrasonicmethods that are sensitive only to severe defects. Micro-cracks growth at a low rate on the early stage, once thesurface crack length reached to a critical size, the crackwould propagate to final fracture quickly. For this reason,it is important to identify the fatigue crack initiation andgrowth mechanisms of the material. Nonlinear ultrasonicLamb wave technique has been considered as a positivemethod for accurately evaluating the early stages of ma-terial degradation. So research on micro-cracks detectionusing nonlinear acoustic character, is both of theoreticalsignificance and practical value. However, there was fewresearch concerning micro-cracks whose lengths are lim-ited to 0.5 mm. Nonlinear Lamb waves in this researchto detect the growth of micro-cracks. The experimentsresults could be concluded that the nonlinear effects ofultrasonic Lamb waves might offer a potential for accu-

rately evaluating the micro-cracks in solid plates. Fatigueexperiments were performed to generate the fatigue crackson Al 7075 specimens, which had a center micro-hole be-fore. The diameter of the micro-hole’s was about 150 ım,and the initial crack can be observed around the micro-hole after fatigue test. The interrupted fatigue tests wereperformed under stress-controlled mode with a stress ra-tio of 0.1. The maximum stress for the fatigue testing is180 MPa A ”mountain-shape” change of a with respectto length of micro-crack was observed in experiments. Ageneral trend of increase in a during the early stages of ap-proximately 60% fatigue life and its decrease toward theend of the test are observed with the micro-cracks’ proro-gation. On the other hand, the amplitude of the primaryfrequency almost keeps constant. So we could find thepotential of the nonlinear Lamb wave methods on micro-cracks detection.


Guided Wave Inspection for Rail Foot Using Piezoelectric Probe – (Contributed, 000296)

R. Lina, Y. Wena, Y. Mab and H. MaaaDongguan University of Technology, 1 Daxue Rd, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, P.R.China, 523808 Dongguan, China; bChina

Railway Design Corporation Guangdong Branch, 1 Taoyuan Rd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, P.R.China, 518000

Shenzhen, China


Rail inspection is one of the key work in the routine main-tenance of rail track. Current method based on traditionalultrasonic testing cannot be used to detect rail foot be-cause of the dead zone. This research present guided wavesto detect the flaw in rail foot. Finite element method(FEM) was utilized to study the propagation characteris-tic and wave structure of guided waves in rail foot. Piezo-electric transducer was designed and optimized to gener-ated and received guided waves. Experiments were con-duct on 6-meter-long rails with various artificial transverse

notches. The artificial transverse notches are 3.0mm and4.5 mm width throughout the outer flange of rail foot.They are 2500 mm apart from the transducers. Wavelettransform was employed to analyze the signals and iden-tify the defects. The results show that vertical bendingmode of guided waves can propagate more than 12 meterswith acceptable attenuation in rail foot and detect the ar-tificial notches. Wavelet transform is useful in separatedifferent modes of guide waves.


Finite Element Modeling of Microcrack Detection in Plate by Nonlinear Lamb Waves – (Contributed,

000306)

Y. Liua, S. Maa and H. ZhangbaShanghai University, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, 200072 Shanghai, China; bShanghai University, School

of Communication and Information Engineering, 200444 Shanghai, China


Nonlinear ultrasonic technique becomes increasingly im-portant in the evaluation of microcracks or degradation ofmetals at the fine length scale. However there has beenfew research reported on the numerical studies on the non-linear ultrasonic detection, especially on nonlinear Lambwaves. In this paper, a finite element method is developedto explain the interaction between nonlinear Lamb wavesand microcrack in a thin aluminum plate. Single S0 modeof Lamb waves is generated by two symmetric piezoelec-tric transducers as transmitters, and a single piezoelec-tric transducer is used as the receiver. A two-dimensional

model is built to simulate the propagation of S0 modeLamb wave along the plate and the interaction betweenthe waves and a rectangular microcrack inside the plate,by using COMSOL Multiphysics. The Fourier spectrumanalysis shows that a second harmonic component exists inthe received signal, which indicates the material’s nonlin-earity at microcrack. And the effects of length and widthof the microcrack on the nonlinear parameters are clari-fied. The results show the feasibility of using the finiteelement method of nonlinear Lamb waves for the evalua-tion of microcrack at an early stage.

[email protected]

[email protected]


Tue 11:00 308A High-frame Rate Ultrasound Imaging and Applications

High frame-rate carotid ultrasound imaging – (Invited, 000273)

H. H. Hansen, S. Fekkes, A. E. Saris, P. Van Lochem and C. L. De KorteRadboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, Netherlands


Quantification of plaque compositions and the remain-ing velocity profile is crucial for adequate therapy inatherosclerotic disease. We developed high frame ratemethods for characterization of the arterial wall, plaquesand flow.High frame rate imaging allows to quantify the local pulsewave velocity. The pulse wave velocity is a marker forstiffening of the vascular wall. By imaging the carotidartery in longitudinal direction at more than 1000 framesper second (fps), the propagation of the pulse wave canbe quantified. Additionally, we developed two techniquesto characterize the plaques. First, we developed a com-pound strain imaging technique in which the carotid isimaged at a combination of large beam steered angles tofully quantify the 2D strain vector. The presence of highstrain regions is considered to be related to rupture pronespots of the plaque. Currently, we are transferring this

technique from 2D to 3D by combining compound strainimaging with high frame rate imaging. Additionally, pushwave elastography for transverse vessel cross-sections isbeing developed. In this technique, a shear-like wave isgenerated by an ultrasound push and its circumferentialpropagation is captured by high frame rate imaging. Sincethe propagation behavior of the shear-like wave is directlyrelated to the modulus of the arterial wall and plaque itprovides information on the plaque composition.Finally, we utilized compound imaging to quantify the 2Dblood velocity vector. By acquiring over 10.000 fps at twobeam steered angles, the full 2D velocity vector can be de-termined. This technology has proven to provide superiorvelocity estimates over the full range of slow to high ve-locity values. Application of this technology in a realisticbifurcation phantom and initial experience in vivo showsthat turbulent flow patterns can be characterized.


Vector Projectile Imaging (VPI): Dynamic Flow Visualization Using High Frame Rate Ultrasound –(Invited, 000285)

A. C. YuUniversity of Waterloo, EIT 4125, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1


Hitherto, it has been difficult to use color flow imag-ing to visualize these flow patterns intuitively. Here,we have developed a new technique called vector pro-jectile imaging (VPI) that can dynamically render com-plex flow dynamics over an imaging view at millisecondtime resolution. VPI is founded upon three principles:(i) high-frame-rate broad-view data acquisition (steeredplane wave firings); (ii) flow vector estimation derivedfrom multi-angle Doppler analysis (with data regulariza-tion and least-squares fitting); (iii) dynamic visualizationof color-encoded vector projectiles (flow speckles displayedas adjunct).For proof of concept, VPI has been implemented on a re-search scanner with SonixTouch transmit core, SonixDAQpre-beamform data acquisition tool, and a GPU processor(for flow processing). A configuration with three Tx angles(-10, 0, +10 deg) and three Rx angles (-10, 0, +10 deg)was realized (10 kHz PRF; 5 MHz freq; 3-cycle pulses). Itsperformance was first assessed on a multi-vessel phantom

with three tubes of differing depths (1.5, 4, 6 cm), angles(-10, 0, 10 deg), and sizes (2.2, 4.4, 6.3 mm diameter; 2.5ml/s steady flow rate). VPI cineloops were then gener-ated on anthropomorphic flow models of stenosed carotidbifurcation (fabricated via lost-core casting; PVA as tissuemimic).

In the multi-vessel calibration test, VPI showed that itcan consistently derive flow vector estimates that resem-bled the theoretical profile. Moreover, in a bifurcationwith 50% eccentric stenosis at the internal carotid artery(ICA) inlet, VPI vividly highlighted the flow jet emergingfrom the stenosis site and its trajectory (time resolution:2.4 ms). Also, it enabled time-resolved observation of mul-tiple flow disturbance zones in the ICA. These results showthat VPI can achieve time-resolved vector visualization ofmulti-directional and spatiotemporally varying flow pat-terns within curvy vasculature under pulsatile flow condi-tions.


Adaptive Beamformer with Phase Coherence Weighting Applied to Ultrafast Ultrasound – (Invited,

000045)

[email protected]

[email protected]


H. Hasegawa and M. MozumiUniversity of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, 930-8555 Toyama, Japan


Ultrafast ultrasound imaging realizes an extremely hightemporal resolution at the expense of the lateral spatialresolution owing to unfocused transmit beams. Therefore,methods for improvement of the lateral spatial resolutionare demanded for ultrafast ultrasound imaging. Althoughadaptive beamforming was introduced in ultrasound imag-ing for improvement of the lateral spatial resolution, itshigh computational cost is a hurdle to practical appli-cation. We proposed a modified adaptive beamformer,whose computational complexity is comparable to that ofthe conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer. Inthe present study, the phase coherence factor, which evalu-ates focusing quality, was introduced in the modified adap-tive beamformer for further improvement of the lateralspatial resolution. The phase coherence factor was eval-uated with respect to element echo signals weighted bybeamforming weights determined by the modified adap-

tive beamformer. By weighting the beamformed echo sig-nals obtained with the modified adaptive beamformer bythe phase coherence factor, the lateral spatial resolutionis improved further. The performance of the proposedmethod was evaluated by a phantom experiment. Planewave ultrafast imaging was performed with a 7.5-MHz lin-ear array probe. The ultrasonic echo signals from a stringin tissue mimicking material were received by individualtransducer elements and acquired by a custom-made ul-trasound scanner. The lateral spatial resolution was eval-uated from the full width at half maximum of an echofrom the string. The lateral spatial resolutions obtainedby DAS, modified adaptive beamformer without and withthe phase coherence factor were 0.28, 0.20, and 0.19 mm,respectively. Those results show that the lateral spatialresolution was improved further by adaptive beamformingused with the phase coherence factor.


Computationally Efficient Super Resolution Ultrasound Imaging Based on Multiple Transmission/Receptionwith Different Carrier Frequencies – (Contributed, 000108)

J. Zhu and N. TagawaTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan


We have previously proposed super-resolution ultrasoundimaging based on multiple transmission/reception (TR)with different carrier frequencies called SCM (Super-resolution FM-Chirp correlation Method). In this method,since a focused beam is transmitted, multiple TRs are re-quired for each line constituting a B-mode image. In orderto reduce the number of required TRs, the SCM has beenextended to the synthetic aperture (SA) version called SA-SCM. In this version, only one set of TRs is executed foreach image. However, since super-resolution processingis performed for each line data obtained by the receptionbeam former (RBF) in both the SCM and the SA-SCM,image discontinuities tend to occur in the azimuth direc-tion. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new methodcalled SCM-weighted SA which switches the order of theSCM and RBF in the SA-SCM and further changes the

usage of the SCM. The SCM result for each echo receivedby each transducer element is used as a weight for RBF.Furthermore, in the SA-SCM, RBF is required as manyas the image lines, but in the SCM-weighted SA, only oneRBF is required for each image. The number of TRs is thesame as the SA-SCM. In this study, we adopt a simple de-lay & sum (DAS) technique as RBF, and the SCM resultcalculated for echoes received at each transducer elementis used as a weight when adding time-compensated echoes.It should be noted that the DAS can be replaced by otherhigh performance RBFs to improve SNR. We evaluatedthe effectiveness of our new method by FEM simulationand experiment. From the results, it can be confirmedthat images without discontinuity in the azimuth direc-tion can be obtained at low cost while maintaining theresolution of the SCM in the range direction.


3-D Electromechanical activation mapping of the heart in canines and humans in vivo – (Contributed,

000249)

J. Grondina, D. Wangb, N. Trayanovab and E. Konofagoua

aColumbia University, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 19-418, New York, 10032, USA; bJohns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University,

Baltimore, 21218, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is an ultrasound-based methodology that can transmurally map the elec-tromechanical activation of the heart at high temporalresolution. Previous reports have shown strong correla-tion between EWI-based and electrical activation times.However, EWI has only been performed with 2D echocar-diography, which cannot map the full cardiac volume in asingle heartbeat. In this study, we show the feasibility of3D EWI in silico and in vivo.A 32x32 elements array, with 3 MHz center frequency wassimulated using Field II. The right and left ventricular ge-ometry and displacement were obtained from a computa-tional electromechanical model based on real human heartanatomy and benchmarked as the ”ground truth”. Ultra-sound radiofrequency (RF) channel data were acquired at1000 Hz using diverging wave imaging and inter-volumeaxial displacements and strains were estimated as well aselectromechanical activation times. Estimated axial dis-placements, strains and activation times from ultrasound

simulations were compared against the benchmark. Invivo RF signal acquisition was performed transthoracicallyin a normal subject and in an open chest canine using thesame 2-D array connected to two synchronized Verason-ics scanners with a full volume imaging rate of 500 Hz.The inter-volume axial displacements and strains as wellas the 3D transmural electromechanical activation of theheart were estimated from diverging wave acquisitions.

Estimated and true axial displacements in silico werefound to be strongly correlated (R2=0.97) in both theright and left ventricles. Good agreement (R2=0.86)was found between estimated electromechanical activationtimes and true electrical activation times. The electrome-chanical wave was imaged in vivo with 3D ultrasound andthe electromechanical activation sequence of the full heartwas mapped during a single heartbeat. This study showsthat 3-D EWI is feasible and opens new avenues for non-invasive cardiac arrhythmia characterization.

Tue 11:00 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 1

Theoretical models supporting some recent experiments in picosecond laser ultrasonics – (Invited,

000103)

V. E. GusevLe Mans Universite, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France


Some incremental advances in the theoretical models sup-porting the experiments in picosecond laser ultrasonics arediscussed. The theory revealed that in materials particularGHz acoustic frequencies can be undetectable by Brillouinscattering of light of particular color/wavelength [1]. Thetheory explained that the injection of the hot electrons inthe metal through its interface with another metal can ex-cite coherent acoustic pulses (CAPs) that are shorter thanthe time of sound propagation across laser light penetra-tion depth [2]. The theory indicated that a time instant ofCAP reflection from the interface could be estimatred by”matching” the Brillouin oscillations in transient opticalreflectivity signals, which are induced by the incident andreflected CAPs [3]. The theory supported application ofthe picosecond CAPs in reflection mode to evaluating thinfilm adhesion to the membranes [4].1. C. He, O. Ristow, M. Grossmann, D. Brick, Y. Guo, M.Schubert, M. Hettich, V. Gusev, and T. Dekorsy, Acous-

tic waves undetectable by transient reflectivity measure-ments, Phys. Rev. B 95, 184302 (2017). 2. V. Sha-lagatskyi, O. Kovalenko, V. Shumylo, A. Alekhin, G.Vaudel, T. Pezeril, V. S. Vlasov, A. M. Lomonosov, V. E.Gusev, D. Makarov, and V. V. Temnov, Ultrafast electron-phonon-magnon interactions at noble metal-ferromagnetinterfaces, arXiv:1511.09060v3 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] (2017).3. M. Kuriakose, N. Chigarev, S. Raetz, A. Bulou, V.Tournat, A. Zerr and V. E. Gusev, In situ imaging of thedynamics of photo-induced structural phase transition athigh pressures by picosecond acoustic interferometry, NewJ. Phys. 19, 053206 (2017). 4. M. Grossmann, M. Schu-bert, C. He, D. Brick, E. Scheer, M. Hettich, V. Gusevand T. Dekorsy, Characterization of thin-film adhesionand phonon lifetimes in Al/Si membranes by picosecondultrasonics, New J. Phys. 19, 053019 (2017).


Time-domain Brillouin scattering assisted by diffraction gratings – (Invited, 000148)

O. Matsudaa, T. Pezerilb, I. Chabanb, K. Fujitac and V. E. Gusevd

aHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bInstitut Molecules et Materiaux

du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Universite du Maine, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; cHokkaido University, Faculty of

Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; dLe Mans Universite, avenue O. Messiaen,

72085 Le Mans, France


[email protected]

[email protected]


Broadband acoustic pulses can be generated from theabsorption of ultrashort light pulses in a medium.Their propagation can be monitored by delayed lightpulses through measuring the transient optical reflectiv-ity change. The technique is called picosecond laser ul-trasonics, and it enables the study of various acoustic,opto-acoustic, structural properties of a sample. Whenthe technique is applied to a transparent medium in con-tact with an appropriate light absorbing material (a thinmetal film coated on the medium, for example), the ob-served transient reflectivity change usually shows an os-cillatory behavior which is called Brillouin oscillation.The Brillouin oscillation frequency is determined by thesound speed and the refractive index of the transparentmedium. For the above mentioned sample, a bulk trans-parent medium with a thin absorptive film, the oscillationinvolves a single frequency, caused by the back scatteringof the probe light by the propagating acoustic wave. This

is insufficient to determine the sound speed and the re-fractive index simultaneously. In this paper, we present amethod using a grating structure formed on a transpar-ent sample. From the illumination of the grating struc-ture by the pump light, it is possible to generate acous-tic waves propagating in multiple directions in the sam-ple. The optical detection from the transparent mediumside towards the grating structure provides possibilitiesfor probing these acoustic waves simultaneously on a sin-gle measurement. We will show the experimental resultsobtained for a fused silica sample with grating structuresmade of Au or Al with a period of 200-600 nm which isshorter or longer than the wavelength of the probe light inthe medium (400 nm in vacuum, ∼290 nm in the medium).The results show Brillouin oscillations at multiple frequen-cies. The technique should be useful to study the acous-tical and optical properties of transparent solids and/orliquids.


Longitudinal sound velocities, elastic anisotropy and phase transition of highly pressurized H2O iceevaluated by picosecond acoustic interferometry – (Contributed, 000245)

M. Kuriakosea, S. Raetza, Q.-M. Hub, S. M. Nikitina, N. Chigareva, V. Tournata, A. Bulouc, A. Lomonosovd, P.Djemiae, V. E. Gusevf and A. ZerreaLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France;bInstitute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016 Shenyang, China; cIMMM, Le Mans Univ., UMR

CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France; dProkhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of

Sciences, Vavilova Str., 38, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; eCNRS LSPM, 99 avenue Jean Baptiste Clement, 93430 Villetaneuse,

France; fLe Mans Universite, avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France


H2O ice is the basic molecular solid which mechanicalproperties and response to compression play a funda-mental role, e.g. in understanding covalent bonding inmolecules and forces acting between molecules. We applythe picosecond acoustic interferometry (PAI) experimentaltechnique to examine and quantify, with improved resolu-tion, spatial variations of longitudinal sound velocities inpolycrystalline ice samples compressed in a diamond anvilcell up to 82 GPa. Experimental signals collected with thePAI technique in transparent materials contain Brillouinoscillations, the frequencies of which are proportional tothe sound velocities. A signal processing method basedon the synchronous detection principle is used to accu-rately estimate in each signal the Brillouin instantaneousfrequency (IF). Temporal variations of IF therefore revealand allow quantification of spatial variations of velocities.The revealed variations caused by elastic anisotropy pro-vide the fastest and the slowest sound velocity in a singlecrystal of cubic H2O ice and allow for testing the existing

controversial equations of state obtained in earlier X-raydiffraction studies. From these data we are able to derivepressure dependences of the single crystal elastic moduli ofcubic H2O ice. Then the obtained experimental results onlongitudinal and transversal sound velocities of cubic H2Oice are compared with ab-initio calculations. Importantly,further comparison of our experimental and theoretical re-sults with the earlier experimental data obtained usingfrequency-domain Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffrac-tion led us to find the source of discrepancies recognizedin the earlier data. Finally, the comparison also impliesthat the transition from molecular ice VII to ionic ice Xshould occur at much higher pressures than consideredearlier, most probably above 80 GPa. Our experimentalresults indicate that PAI can be viewed as a replacementfor Brillouin scattering and Brillouin microscopy in all in-vestigations where nanoscale spatial resolution is eitherrequired or advantageous.


Temperature Dependence of Polycrystalline Aluminum Thin Film Elastic Constants by In-Situ Bril-louin Light Scattering and Picosecond Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000097)

P. Djemiaa, L. Belliardb, F. Challalia, N. Girodon-Boulandeta and D. FaurieaaCNRS LSPM, 99 avenue Jean Baptiste Clement, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; bINSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France


[email protected]

[email protected]


We investigated the effective elastic constants in the tem-perature range [20C, 600C] of a polycrystalline alu-minum thin film deposited on a silicon substrate by rf mag-netron sputtering from Al target in Ar plasma discharge.From x-ray diffraction, the Al film showed a (111)-fibertexture. The Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and the pi-cosecond ultrasonics (PU) were complementary employedin combination with a furnace under high -vacuum (∼10−5

mbar) or inert gas, was employed to measure their acous-

tic and elastic properties. At room temperature, the Alfilm could be considered as nearly isotropic while increas-ing the temperature until 670 C led to an increase of theelastic anisotropy that was evaluated by the C11/C33 ratioof the in-plane (C11) and out-of-plane (C33) longitudinaleffective elastic constants. Our results are found to be ina good agreement with previous studies on bulk Al usingstandards ultrasounds equipment and molecular dynamicstheoretical estimates.


Probing the van der Waals coupling of 2D materials by using Terahertz Ultrasonics – (Contributed,

000247)

P.-J. Wanga, V. E. Gusevb, J.-K. Sheuc and C.-K. Suna

aGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan; bLe Mans Universite, avenue

O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; cInstitute of Electro-Optical Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 10701

Tainan, Taiwan


Applying 2D materials on semiconductors is a commonmethod for the fabrication of novel electronics or photon-ics devices, called van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures.The interaction force and energy transfer between adja-cent 2D materials and between the 2D-material/substrateinterface are crucial to determine the behavior of suchdevices. However, probing and controlling its interfacevdW properties are challenging tasks. In order to bet-ter describe such an interface, here we first derived aspring/damping model based on the nature of van derWaals force interaction. With proper assumption andboundary condition, we can simulate the acoustic responseunder an ultrashort acoustic pulse excitation. Consideringa regular vdW adhesion on a 2D material/semiconductorinterface, our model expects a resonance frequency abovehundreds of GHz. In order to probe such an interfacevdW resonance, an acoustic system with a bandwidth over1 THz will be needed. In this presentation, we demon-

strate the nondestructive probing of the van der Waalsinterface by using THz Ultrasonics for the first time. Ex-perimentally, we transferred a single layer CVD grapheneon GaN to form such a structure. Using femtosecondultrasonics technology, we successfully reported a broad-band acoustic response of the adhesion vdW force. Thefitting results directly revealed three crucial parameters:effective sheet density of adhesive graphene, spring con-stant, and damping constant. Our fitting result statesthat graphene/GaN interface vdW force would result toan oscillation echo with frequency above hundreds of GHzand non-zero damping constant. Overall, our work pro-vided a unique and powerful method to directly probe thenano-mechanical properties of 2D/3D vdW interface withTHz spectrum. We believe it is a first step toward the fur-ther realization of interaction mechanism of weak bondinginterface in vdW heterostructures.

Tue 11:00 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 1

Advances in borehole acoustic reflection imaging – (Invited, 000299)

X. M. TangUniversity of Petroleum (East), Engineering Building C, 66 West Yangtze Road, Huangdao district, 266580 Qingdao, China


Borehole acoustic reflection imaging has recently emergedas an important geophysical well-logging technology in hy-drocarbon exploration. This technology greatly enhancesthe ability to image reservoir structures away from bore-hole. This paper provides an overview on the advance-ment of this technology and its applications. The mostsignificant advance is shear-wave reflection imaging usingborehole dipole sources. With these advances, the bore-hole reflection imaging has begun to shift the paradigmof well logging from ”a view along a well”to ”a televiewaway from the well”. The dipole shear-wave reflection

imaging technology has been sucessfully tested by a des-ignated experiment using two parallel boreholes far awayfrom each other. This technology has also been applied tofield acoustic logging measurements. The result desmon-states that it can detect hidden reservoir around boreholeand image reservoir fractures. The shear-wave imaging isparticularly useful for detect fractures that have a sharpshear rigidity discontinuity. Further, the azimuthal sensi-tivity of the dipole shear wave allows for determining thestrike azimuth of the fracture.

[email protected]

[email protected]



An Inversion Scheme for The Shear Speed from The Sholte Wave Excited by A Dipole Source duringLogging While Drilling in A Slow Formation – (Contributed, 000021)

H. Hu, C. Zhang and X. ZhengDepartment of Astronautics and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, PO Box 344, 92 West Dazhi Street, 150001 Harbin,

China


Shear speed can be inversed from the acoustic dipole flex-ual wave in a soft formation during wireline logging. How-ever, the flexual wave becomes elusive during acoustic log-ging while drilling(LWD). The existence of the steel collarchanges the borehole structure and corresoponding wave-field. The flexual wave is mixed with the collar wave,and cannot be used to invert shear wave speed acurately.Quadrupole pole source has been suggested to replace thedipole source. However, the acoustic field excited by aquadrupole source is much weaker than a dipole source inLWD.

Dipsersion and excitation analysis show the advantage ofthe dipole Sholte wave in LWD. This wave is slightly dis-persive at low frequency. Its velocity become a constantvalue at the high frequency range. The source frequencycan be chosen to be between 8 and 10 kHz. The Sholtewave speed is much more sensitive to the shear speed ofthe formation than all other formation parameters. Thusit can be used for inversion of shear wave in a slow forma-tion. As the Sholte wave is a nonleaky interface wave, itsattenuation can be used to evaluated the energe absorp-tions in the media at the sides of the borehole.


Numerical Simulations of a Slim-hole Piezoelectric Dipole Transmitter for Acoustic Logging – (Contributed,

000039)

Y. Zhou, Y. Dai, D. Chen and Q. ZhangInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


In slim-hole acoustic logging, the resonant frequency ofdipole excitation spectrum is higher than that in normalborehole. Conventional dipole transmitters with usual res-onant frequencies are not suitable. Besides, the transmit-ters should be much smaller than usual due to the smalldiameter of the hole. In order to better analyze and im-prove the performance of a new slim-hole dipole transmit-ter, numerical simulations are carried out in this article.A piezoelectric bender bar with slits at two ends which is

fixed in an outer housing is designed and studied. Modaland harmonic response analyses of the whole transducerare conducted by using the finite element method, includ-ing analyses of input conductance of transducer, transmit-ting voltage response and directivity patterns. Besides,the simulation results of the new slim-hole transducer arecompared with that of traditional one, which shows thefeasibility of using this new slim-hole transmitter in fu-ture.


Indirect Collar Waves in Acoustic Logging While Drilling – (Contributed, 000044)

X. Hea, X. Wangb, H. Chenc and X. ZhangaaInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, 21 North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy

of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustic,CAS, No.21 Beisihuanxi Road,

100190 Beijing, China


Acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD) is an advancedgeophysical exploration technique widely applied nowa-days. For such a down-hole acoustic measurement, thesuppression of collar waves is the key issue, as those cylin-drical guided waves along the rigid tool strongly inter-fere with signals from the penetrated formation. Previousstudies on physical insulation for the collar waves designedon the steel collar between the source and the receiver sec-tions did not bring to a satisfying solution. According toour numerical simulation results, it is revealed that, be-

sides the well-known direct collar waves propagating allalong the tool, there exists an indirect collar wave in theALWD signals due to the coupling between the drill collarand the borehole. To further investigate the propagationmechanism of the newly-recognized indirect collar waves,we analytically evaluate the contributions of the poles ofthe characteristic function for ALWD models in the bore-hole and in the infinite fluid, respectively. The influencesof the presence of the borehole wall on the collar wavepropagation are discussed, based on the comparison of

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


collar waves in infinite fluids and in boreholes with vary-ing sizes. It is confirmed that the indirect collar wavesare produced by the reflection echoes from the boreholewall, and they interfere with the direct collar waves dur-ing propagation. The indirect collar waves have similaramplitudes as the direct waves in either the time or thefrequency domain, and they do not have apparent atten-

uation at different offsets in the elastic models. Althoughthe formation properties do not have great impacts on thetool-waves, it is still suggested that one should take theborehole and the formation into account during designingor testing the ALWD tools. The borehole wall can gener-ate extra collar modes, which are rather strong and shouldnot be neglected.


A Broadband Sonic Logging Monopole Transducer – (Contributed, 000064)

Y. Daia, Y. Zhoua, H. Hea, Z. Wanga and X. WangbaInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese

Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


Monopole sources are widely used in sonic logging field,which can be used to extract P-wave slowness in high fre-quency and to measure Stoneley wave in low frequency.A broadband monopole transducer for emission in bothlow frequency and high frequency is designed in this pa-per. The transducer uses Class I flextensional structureas its radiation surface. Flextensional structure is capableof scaling up a small vibration along the major axis to amuch bigger one along the minor axis. When works at the

resonant frequency of flextensional structure, transducerachieves high power radiation in low frequency. Whenworks at the resonant frequency of PZT stacks, transducerachieves high power radiation in high frequency. In thisdesign, oil filled sealing is adopted to meet the downholeworking environment. The PZT stacks are pre-stressedby a high strength bolt and the transducer does not useshear vibration, which has better robustness than tradi-tional ones.


Step by step inversion of anisotropy parameters using cross dipole logging data – (Contributed, 000076)

H. Chena, H. Heb, X. Hec and X. WangdaInstitute of Acoustic,CAS, No.21 Beisihuanxi Road, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, No. 21 North 4th Ring

Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustics, CAS, 21 North 4th Ring Road West, Haidian, 100190 Beijing,

China; dInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


Anisotropy determination from cross dipole sonic loggingis very important in formation evaluation, especially forunconventional reservoir such as shale gas and tight gas.Anisotropy can be used to identify fracture and in situstress. Now, 4 components cross dipole sonic logging is aneffective tool to get the anisotropic parameters. To over-come Alford’s weakness, a simultaneous inversion methodhad been developed. By constructing a three parametersfunction, the method can invert three anisotropic param-eters in one step. However, the method may be inefficientand sometimes unreliable. A new step and step inversionmethod is set up to invert the three anisotropic parame-ters quickly and reliably based on existing processing algo-

rithms. By transforming the current 3D object function tothree 1D ones, the method can solve the slow or fast shearazimuth, the shear wave slowness difference and the fastor slow shear slowness with greater accuracy, respectivelyand sequentially. Firstly, the fast shear angle is gottenonly using 4 components data of the same offset. Then,using the computed angle, the fast and slow shear wavearray can be gotten easily. To minimize the two wave-forms of the same offset, it is easy to solve the shear waveslowness difference. When the previous two parameters isdetermined, the fast or slow shear wave slowness can beeasily gotten using the 3D object function. The simulateddata and the real data both validate the new algorithm.

Tue 11:00 308B Safety of Ultrasound

Effect on Rabbit Heart Exposure to Ultrasound with Long Pulse Duration – (Invited, 000088)

I. Akiyamaa, W. Takanoa, K. Rifub, N. Takayamab, H. Sasanumab and N. TaniguchibaMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bJichi

Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect ofultrasound with long pulse duration on the rabbit heartwith concomitant administration of the microbubbles ofperfluorobutane. The ultrasonic pulsed waves of 1.0 msduration and 7 MHz frequency was applied to the heart ofJapanese white rabbit with or without microbubbles ad-ministration. Sonazoid was used as microbubbles. Elec-trocardiographs were recorded during the whole exposure.An experimental system with selector switch of an ultra-sonic long pulsed waves transmission system and B-modeimaging system was built to locate the exposure range inthe heart. The ultrasonic waves were transmitted after

a delay of 200 ms from R-wave triggering. An exposurewas at every four heart beats and total number of expo-sure times was thirty. After the microbubbles administra-tion, the left ventricular wall exposure to ultrasound withMechanical Index (MI) of 1.25 induced two extrasystolicwaves. The tricuspid annulus exposure to ultrasound withMI of 0.84 induced five extrasystolic waves. In conclusion,the extrasystoles were observed in the rabbit heart expo-sure to the ultrasonic waves of MI value less than 1.9 andpulse duration of 1.0 ms after the administration of con-trast agents.


The promotion of muscle synthesis of skeltal muscle cell exposed to ultrasound – (Contributed, 000291)

W. Takanoa, M. Furuyaa, C. Okamotob, H. Ichikawab and I. AkiyamaaaMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bDoshisha

University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan


Purpose: Sarcopenia is becoming a worldwide problemin aged population. When sarcopenia develops, muscleis reduced due to a decrease in daily activating , caus-ing bedridden from injuries and fractures caused by falls,and reducing opportunities to move the body further, cre-ating a vicious circle. Previous studies have found thatmoderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes muscleprotein synthesis. Therefore, focused on the fact that ul-trasound exposure produces ROS, we in this study, aim tofind whether or not muscle synthesis can be promoted byultrasound exposure. Method: The cell culture mediumwas exposed to ultrasound for 180 s. The conditions ofultrasonic waves are frequency of 1 MHz, sound pressurerange of 0.36-0.81 MPa, pulse duration of 0.1 ms and pulse

repetition time of 1 ms. The ROS produced in the cellculture medium was measured through electron spin reso-nance (ESR) spin trapping measurements. Next, skeletalmuscle cells of the mouse were exposed to ultrasound un-der the same conditions, and the expression of p70-S6K,a protein synthesis signal, was assessed with western blot-ting. Results: The ESR signals attributable to hydroxylradicals was confirmed in cell culture medium under ultra-sound exposure. 150% to 170% muscle synthesis was pro-moted in exposed cells compared to the condition withoutultrasound exposure. Conclusions: From our results, ul-trasound exposure could promote muscle synthesis, wherethe mechanism under this process is still remain unknownand needed further study.


The Effect of Ultrasound with Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse on the Lung: A Preliminary Studyin Rabbits – (Contributed, 000113)

H. Sasanumaa, N. Takayamab, K. Rifua, W. Takanoc, Y. Ishigurod, N. Taniguchia, A. Kawarai Leford and I. AkiyamacaJichi Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan; bSaitama Medical Center of Jichi Medical University, 1-

847 Amanuma-Cho, Omiya-Ku, 330-8503 Saitama, Japan; cMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara

Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; dJichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, 329-0498 Shimotsuke, Japan


Background: The aim of this study was to investigatethe effect of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elas-tography on organs surrounding the target. ARFI ultra-sound elastography was recently introduced as a diagnos-tic modality for the breast, heart, and liver. However, theindirect effect of ultrasound with ARFI on the lung is un-known. We report lung damage induced by ultrasoundwith ARFI in a rabbit lung model. Methods: A focused2.5 MHz transducer emitting ultrasound with ARFI wasplaced in the subcostal region of five anesthetized rab-bits, directed at both lungs through the abdominal walland liver. Exposure settings were varied and included:mechanical index 0.62-0.80, pulse duration 1-10ms, pulse

repetition time 5s, and exposure time 150s. After expo-sure, the rabbits were sacrificed and the lungs and trachearemoved for gross and microscopic study. Results: Uni-lateral or bilateral erythematous lesions were visible onthe lung surface corresponding to the area of exposure inall animals. Pathological study revealed alveolar hemor-rhages. Discussion: There is a potential risk of lung injuryassociated with ARFI elastography when the transducer isdirected toward the lung, especially during liver or breastimaging. Lung injury may be induced at a lower exposurethreshold. Further study is required to confirm the safetyof ultrasound with ARFI in the clinical setting.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Proteomic analysis of developmental effect on medaka embryo exposed by ultrasound – (Contributed,

000288)

E. Matsumotoa, K. Kawanabea, K. Yoshidab, I. Akiyamaa, M. Hirosea, M. Ikegawac and Y. WatanabedaMedical Ultrasound Research Center, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bCenter

for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba Univercity, 33-1 Yayoi-tyou, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8522 Chiba, Japan; cFaculty of Life

and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kotanabe-shi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; dDoshisha University,

1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan


It is important to study the biological effects on embryosexposure to ultrasound from various levels of view, sinceit affects the embryonic developments after the exposure.Especially, there are few cases verified diversely for onemodel organism. The aim of this study is making medakaan experimental model that can be verified diversely. Wehave examined tissue and gene level using medaka em-bryos. In this study, proteomic approach to identify tox-icity pathways in early life stages of Japanese Medaka(Oryzias latipes). Medaka embryos ( day 4 ) were ex-

posed with 30 kHz ultrasound to prepare samples. Pro-teins from whole embryos of this Medaka were separatedby Blue Native / SDS two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.Some proteins were differentially detected with ultrasoundexposure. We have identified one of those altered proteinsas adenosylhomocysteine (AHCY), which is a key regu-lator of methyl transferase reactions. It was supportedby Western blotting method, too. Ultrasound exposuremay affect methylation in early life stages through AHCYexpression.

Tue 11:00 309 Ultrasonic Bone Characterization

Using Quantitative Ultrasound to Probe Material, Mechanical, and Microarchitectural Properties ofTrabecular Bone – (Invited, 000138)

K. A. WearUSA Food and Drug Administration, Bldg 62, Room 2104, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, 20993, USA


Bone sonometry is a rapidly evolving diagnostic technol-ogy for managing osteoporosis. Bone sonometers thatmeasure ultrasound propagation through calcaneus oralong long bones (parallel to the long axis) have been usedfor many years. However, the Food and Drug Administra-tion recently cleared two new, innovative designs that mea-sure ultrasound propagation perpendicular to long axesof tibia (2016) and radius (2017). A basic understand-ing of wave propagation in bone is required in order tocompare devices based on different physical principles andskeletal sites. Phantom studies elucidate the relative im-portance of components of signal loss during propaga-tion through bone: absorption, longitudinal-to-shear scat-

tering, and longitudinal-to-longitudinal scattering (Wear,IEEE Trans. UFFC, 55, 2418-2425, 2008). Comparison ofexperimentally-measured ultrasound properties (attenua-tion, sound speed, and backscatter coefficient) and finite-element-analysis-derived mechanical properties in vitro(n=25) indicate that ultrasound measurements provideadditional information regarding fracture risk beyond thatprovided by bone quantity alone (Wear et al., Bone, 103,93-101, 2017). Bone can support two longitudinal waves,which often overlap in time and frequency domains butcan be separated using Bayesian probability theory or themodified least-squares Prony’s (MLSP) method (Wear etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 136, 2015-2024, 2014).


Application of Sparse Radon Transform in Quantitative Bone Ultrasound – (Invited, 000173)

L. H. Lea, T. N. Trana, K.-C. T. Nguyena and M. D. SacchibaDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of

Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1


Multichannel analysis of dispersive ultrasonic energiesrequires a reliable mapping of the data from thetime-distance domain to the frequency-wavenumber orfrequency-phase velocity domain. The mapping is usu-ally performed with the classical 2-D Fourier transform(FT). The extracted dispersion trajectories of the guided

modes lack the resolution in the transformed domain todiscriminate wave modes. The resolving power associ-ated with the FT is closely linked to the spatial dimen-sion of the recorded data. This is especially true for boneultrasound using guided waves where the spatial acqui-sition for an axial transmission configuration is very of-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


ten restricted by the limited dimension of the ultrasoundprobe, the number of channels, the irregularity of the ac-quisition surface, and the accessibility to the skeletal site.This is well documented in the literature. In 2014, webrought the notion of Radon transform [Nguyen et al, Ul-trasonics 54:1178-1185; Tran et al, Ultrasound Med Biol40:2715-2727; Tran et al, J Acoust Soc Am 136:248-259]to the attention of bone ultrasound community and pro-vided a Radon-based solution to solve the resolution prob-lem. In this invited presentation, we will revisit the linearhigh-resolution Radon transform (RT) to filter and recon-struct wavefields, and to image the dispersive energies ofthe recorded wavefields through long bones. The RT is

posed as an inverse problem, which allows implementa-tion of the regularization strategy to enhance the focusingpower. We will use l1-norm regularization to illustratethe advantages and robustness of the high-resolution RTalgorithm using the simulated, ex-vivo, and in-vivo data.The method also accommodates unevenly-spaced records,effectively attenuates random noise, enhances the signal-to-noise ratio, reconstructs the missing records, and im-proves the coherency of the guided wave modes. The pro-posed transform presents a powerful signal enhancementand imaging tool to process ultrasonic wavefields and ex-tract dispersive guided wave energies under limited aper-ture.


Dispersion Response of Ultrasonic Guided Modes to the Variation of Geometry and Material Propertiesin Cortical Bone Characterization by Semi-Analytical Finite-Element Modeling – (Contributed, 000172)

T. N. Trana, L. H. Lea, M. D. Sacchib and V.-H. Nguyenc

aDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of

Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1; cLaboratoire Modelisation et Simulation Multi Echelle UMR

8208 CNRS, Universite Paris Est, 94400 Paris, France


Ultrasonic assessment of long cortical bones using ax-ial transmission technique has gained considerable atten-tion over the last decade. The fundamental ultrasonicguided modes (UGM) are consistently observed in axially-transmitted data on long bones. The responses of UGMto the changes of cortical thickness and elastic parametersare not well understood. The objective of this study is toinvestigate the dispersion sensitivity of UGM to the geom-etry and material characteristics of layered bone model bymeans of a semi-analytical finite-element (SAFE) simula-tion. A two-dimensional simulation of guided wave prop-agation in a transversely-isotropic and viscoelastic fluid-solid-fluid trilayer model has been developed using a SAFEformulation. In this parametric study, six material prop-erties of an elastic bone model were investigated: soft-tissue thickness hST (1-5mm), cortical-bone thickness hCB

(2-7mm), bone density ρ (1400-2400kg/m3), longitudi-nal compression-wave velocity VPL (3000-4000m/s), trans-verse compression-wave velocity VPT (2000-3000m/s), and

shear-wave velocity VS (1400-2400m/s) in cortex. Oneparameter was varied at a time while holding the othersconstant at their reference values. The sensitivity analysiswas performed in the frequency-phase velocity domain andlimited to the first eight UGM below 1MHz. hST is foundto have insignificant influence on Mode 1, affects Modes2-4 at low frequency (0.1-0.4MHz), and changes disper-sive characteristic of Modes 5-8 throughout the frequencyrange. Similar phenomena were observed for hCB, exceptit affects Mode 1 for 0-0.35MHz. VPL and VPT have mod-est impact on Mode 1 but affect the other modes at thelow frequency range 0-0.5 MHz. Meanwhile, VS modifiesthe dispersion of all modes at all frequencies. Bone den-sity ρ does not cause any noticeable horizontal shift tothe phase velocity spectra of the UGM. Afterwards, thelow-order Mode 1 is an optimal mode for the inversion ofcortical bone thickness and elasticity due to its indepen-dence to soft-tissue thickness.


Structural Dependence of Piezoelectric Signal in Cancellous Bone at an Ultrasound Frequency –(Contributed, 000094)

A. HosokawaNational Institute of Technology, Akashi College, 679-3 Nishioka, Uozumi, 674-8501 Akashi, Japan


The accelerated healing of a bone fracture using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is based on the prin-ciple that bone formation is driven by mechanical loadson the bone. Moreover, bone formation can be accom-panied by piezoelectric effect. Therefore, the piezoelec-tric properties in bone under ultrasound irradiation should

be elucidated to enhance fracture healing. However, thepiezoelectric properties at ultrasound frequencies in bone,particularly in cancellous bone with a complex trabecu-lar structure, have not yet been well-investigated. In thisstudy, experimental observations of piezoelectric signalsgenerated in cancellous bone by an ultrasound wave were

[email protected]

[email protected]


performed using two piezoelectric cells (PE-cells), whichcorresponded to ultrasound receivers. In the PE-cells, thebovine cancellous bone specimens saturated with air wereelectrically shielded to reduce electromagnetic noise. Theporosities of the bone specimens were approximately 0.7and 0.8 on spatial averages. At nine positions of eachbone specimen (or PE-cell), an ultrasound burst wave at 1MHz transmitted from a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ultrasoundtransmitter was irradiated, and the piezoelectric signalswere observed by the PE-cell. From the observed signals,the piezoelectric sensitivities were derived with the local

structural parameters of porosity, mean intercept lengths(MILs) of the trabecular elements, and MILs of the porespaces. Both piezoelectric sensitivities of the bone speci-mens with low and high porosities tended to decrease withporosity. However, the dependences of the MILs were dif-ferent in the low- and high-porosity bone specimens. Thiswas considered to be because the low- and high-porositybone specimens were mainly composed of the plate- androd-like trabecular elements, respectively. It was thereforeconcluded that the piezoelectric signal in cancellous bonecould largely depend on the trabecular structure.


Induced electric potential in bone by low intensity ultrasound irradiation – (Contributed, 000283)

S. Moria, M. Kuraokaa, T. Makinoa, Y. Sakataa and M. MatsukawabaDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani,

6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan


The mechanism of ultrasonically induced electrical poten-tials in bone was experimentally studied. The piezoelec-tricity of cortical bone was investigated in the MHz range.The main components of bone are hydoroxyapatite (HAp)and type I collagen. Then, demineralization (removal ofHAp) of cortical bone was carried out using EDTA (Ethy-lene Diamine Tetra Acid) solutions. From the corticalbone or the demineralized cortical bone of bovine femur,circular plates (diameter; 10.0 mm, thickness; 1.00 mm)were fabricated. The surfaces of these plates were normalto the radial axis. Using these plates as piezoelectric de-vices, we fabricated in house ultrasound transducers. In-duced electric potentials were successfully observed in allbone transducers by irradiating ultrasound (10 kPapeak-peak). The maximum sensitivities of the cortical bonetransducers were around 4.5 nV/Pa, whereas those of thedemineralized cortical bone transducers were around 5.2nV/Pa. The main part of the demineralized cortical bone

is type I collagen, then, these results may indicate thatthe piezoelectricity of bone mainly comes from collagen.We also evaluated the effect of bone anisotropy on the in-duced electric potentials. The angle between transducerand receiver was set at 30 degrees. For each measure-ment, we turned the receiver of 10 degrees around itsaxis. The induced electrical potentials of both corticaland demineralized cortical bone transducers showed max-imum around 45, 135, 225 and 315 degrees (bone axis; 0degree). Matsukawa et al. have reported that the effectsof bone anisotropy on induced electrical potentials in bonein the MHz range considering the HAp and the collagenorientation (both HAp and collagen orient along the boneaxis).1 Our results also showed the simillar effects of boneanisotropy.

1S. Matsukawa et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 110, 143701(2017).


Finite Element Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy to Measure Elastic Properties of Small AnimalCortical Bone – (Invited, 000129)

K. Xu, P. Dargent, P. Laugier and Q. GrimalSorbonne Universite, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMR-S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomedicale,15 rue de

l’ecole de medecine - 75006 PARIS, 75012 Paris, France


The elasticity of the cortical bone material of small ani-mals is usually measured with 3- or 4-point bending tests.However, their accuracy is often questioned. More pre-cisely, Young’s modulus E is deduced from a formula validonly for a bending beam whose slenderness is somewhatlarger than that of a typical bone diaphysis. There is aclear call for an alternative measurement approach that (1)applies to small size specimens (e.g., from small animal)(2) provides not only Young’s modulus but also shear mod-ulus and possibly information of elastic anisotropy. Res-

onant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) has been recentlydeveloped to determine the elastic properties of highly-attenuating anisotropic materials, such as cortical bone.The basic strategy of RUS is to retrieve the stiffness coeffi-cients which optimize the eigen-frequencies of the forwardmodel to be as close as the measured resonant frequen-cies in the experimental spectrum. In practice, RUS hasbeen exclusively used to measure cuboid bone specimensfor which the forward problem can be analytically solved.Such specimens of regular shape can hardly be obtained

[email protected]

[email protected]


from small animal bone. In this study, we investigate thefeasibility of applying RUS to characterize the elastic co-efficients of small bone specimens with complex shapeswhich can be readily prepared from a long bone diaph-ysis. A phantom made of aluminum was prepared by CNCmilling. The geometry was fabricated corresponding to themid-diaphysis of a mature rabbit femur. The dimension ofthe phantom is around 5.6*4.0*7.9 mm3. The 3-D geome-

try was meshed and the eigen-frequencies were computedusing the finite element method (code aster, www.code-aster.org/). A Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampling strat-egy is used to solve the inverse problem of elasticity coeffi-cients determination in a Bayesian framework. The resultsillustrate the possibility of applying FE-RUS method toevaluate the elasticity of the irregular- shaped small ani-mal cortical bone.

Tue 11:00 307A Ultrasonic Motors, Actuators, and Sensors

Focus control of a liquid crystal lens using ultrasound vibration – (Contributed, 000199)

D. Koyamaa, Y. Shimizua, Y. Haradaa, M. Fukuia, A. Emotoa, K. Nakamurab and M. MatsukawacaDoshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, 6100321 Kyoto, Japan; bTokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259

Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Ky-

otanabe, Japan


Optical liquid crystal devices require transparent elec-trodes using indium tin oxide (ITO) to apply an electricvoltage and control the molecular orientation. In this pa-per, a variable-focus ultrasound liquid crystal lens with-out ITO electrodes is discussed. The lens has no mov-ing mechanical parts and consists of an annular PZT ring(outer diameter: 30 mm; inner diameter: 20 mm; thick-ness: 1.0 mm) and a nematic liquid crystal layer with athickness of 50 µm sandwiched by two circular glass plates(diameters:15 and 30 mm; thickness: 0.7 mm). By excit-ing the PZT, the flexural vibration mode was generatedon the lens at the resonance frequency of 36.1 kHz, andthe orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules

was changed by the acoustic radiation force acting to theboundary between the liquid crystal layer and glass plates.The transmitted light through the lens was refracted bythe change of molecular orientation. The optical imagethrough the lens was observed using a microscope to inves-tigate the optical characteristics. The focal length couldbe controlled by the input voltage; larger input voltagegave shorter focal length and the lens worked as a con-vex lens by ultrasound excitation. Shorter response timecould be obtained with thinner liquid crystal layer. Theasymmetric flexural vibration using the divided electrodesenabled the focal control in the radial direction.


Effect of thermal annealing on mechanical quality factors of poly phenylene sulfide under high-amplitudeultrasonic vibration – (Contributed, 000124)

J. Wu, Y. Mizuno and K. NakamuraTokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan


Our previous study has shown that poly phenylene sul-fide (PPS) provides relatively high mechanical quality fac-tors (Q factors) at ultrasonic frequency among commonly-used functional polymers. Since PPS has semi-crystallineframeworks, it is feasible to enhance its Q factors throughthermal annealing. In this study, the effectiveness wasexperimentally verified. The experimental results demon-

strate that, at 100C, the Q factor of the PPS specimenwas 300 before annealing, and increased to 600 after an-nealing for 78 hours. However, the Q factor exhibited noobservable variation at annealing temperature of 80C. Ifthe temperature is higher than the glass-transition tem-perature (90C-95C), thermal annealing is an effectiveway to enhance Q factors of PPS.


Two-Dimensional Flexural Ultrasonic Phased Array for Flow Measurement – (Contributed, 000080)

L. Kanga, A. Feeneyb, R. Suc, D. Linesc, A. Jagerd, H. Wangd, Y. Arnaudova, S. N. Ramadasa, M. Kupnikd and S.

Dixonb

aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department,

University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; cDiagnostic Sonar Ltd, Baird Road, EH54 7BX Livingston, UK; dTechnische Universitat

Darmstadt, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


The arrival time detection probability and the measure-ment range of transit- time ultrasonic flow meters are un-dermined by the sound drift effect. One solution to thisproblem is utilizing a phased-array beam steering tech-nique to compensate the bend of the ultrasonic beams.The design, the fabrication and the characterization oftwo-dimensional flexural ultrasonic phased arrays is in-vestigated in this paper. A meter body with an innerdiameter of 146 mm is machined to accommodate the ar-

rays, and flow tests are carried out at different flow ratesranging from 0 to 2500 m3/h. Experimental results in-dicate that, with the increase of flow rate, the optimumsteering angle of arrays increases from 30 to 40.5 whenultrasonic beams travel upstream and decreases from 30

to 22.5 when ultrasonic beams travel downstream. Thisproof-of-concept design demonstrates the potential of theflexural ultrasonic phased array as an accurate, economic,efficient, and robust solution for gas flow measurement.


Directional Control of Ultrasonic Sensor Using Parabolic Radiation-type Reflector – (Contributed,

000238)

T. Uedaa, J. Neguchib, T. Ohgob, T. Oritab and K. SaekicaGraduated School of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai Chiba, 274-8501 Funabashi, Japan; bNihon

Densikougaku Co., Ltd., 2-10-17 Tomatsuri Tochigi, 320-0056 Utsunomiya, Japan; cColleges of Science and Technology, Nihon

University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai Chiba, 274-8501 Funabashi-Shi, Japan


In recent years, development of a system using an ultra-sonic sensor for interrupting contact between a heavy ma-chinery and a person is proceeding. In such a connectionprevention system, it is hoped that oriented control is pos-sible and the feeling of reception increases. However, scan-ning with a wide range is difficult with an ultrasonic sensor

without a horn. In this paper, we investigated directionalcontrol of ultrasonic sensor using parabolic radiation-typereflector. As a result, it is shown that directional con-trol of 10 dB attenuation by the 0 degree output signaltransmitted at 8 degree from 62 degree angle of on-axis ispossible.


Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I – (Contributed, 000066)

D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreff and J. LorenzThe Phased Array Company, 9365 Allen Road, West Chester, 45069, USA


The total focusing method (TFM) is becoming a standardin the nondestructive testing industry. TFM generallyprovides lower noise and higher lateral resolution than con-ventional phased array imaging. Furthermore, TFM opensdoors to the development of a new generation of advancedimaging methods. In the study presented in these twopapers, we compare several advanced imaging methods.First, we present Delay-and-sum (DAS) approaches wherethe purpose is to build each pixel by summing the contri-butions of each Ascan at the proper time of flight. Theoutput image is therefore focused at every pixel. Thesemethods generally give better image quality than conven-tional phased-array imaging. Next, we examine migra-tion methods, which work within the wavenumber domainand are known to give better image quality than DAS ap-

proaches. We also present results from TFMp, a methodbased on an inverse problem approach. In this method,the purpose is to consider a specific structure of the pieceunder test, contrary to the previous approaches. We as-sume a sparse structure, meaning that the piece under testcontains point-like reflectors. The image is obtained byminimizing a data misfit criterion including a sparse penal-ization term. Metrics such as lateral resolution and peaksignal to noise ratio (PSNR), which defines the contrast,are used to adequately compare the methods. Migrationmethods give a better PSNR than DAS methods and pro-vide similar lateral resolution. The TFMp approach canbe combined with any method except migration and givesoutstanding results for lateral resolution and PSNR com-pared to standard methods.


Towards New Imaging Methods for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part II – (Contributed, 000086)

D. Braconnier, N. Laroche, E. Carcreff and J. LorenzThe Phased Array Company, 9365 Allen Road, West Chester, 45069, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


The total focusing method (TFM) is becoming a standardin the nondestructive testing industry. Furthermore, TFMhas opened the doors to development of a new generationof advanced imaging methods. This paper is complemen-tary to ICU2017/66 Towards New Imaging Methods forUltrasonic Nondestructive Testing - Part I, which presentsa comparison between SAFT, TFM, and Advanced TFMusing both DAS and Migration reconstruction. In Part II,

we complete the comparison with several additional ad-vanced imaging methods such as Adaptive TFM or Adap-tive Advanced TFM, which can also be combined withTFMp. We show experimental results for different casesand begin discussing benefits and limitations. This studyis made possible thanks to open electronic and softwareplatforms ideally designed for imaging research as well asindustrial applications.


Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media – (Contributed, 000191)

A. Merkela, M. Willatzenb and J. Christensena

aUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad, 30, 28916 Leganes (madrid), Spain; bDepartment of Photonics Engi-

neering, Technical University of Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark


In conventional media that obey time-reversal symmetry,the wave propagation is known to be reciprocal and thesound travels symmetrically in the sense that, when ex-cited at one point A, the resulting acoustic flux receivedat one point B is the same as the one received at thepoint A when excited at the point B. Engineering the non-reciprocity for the wave propagation is not only challeng-ing and fascinating from a physics stand point, but in-evitable in countless areas including noise control, energyharvesting, and transducer technology in general, and itopens new horizons in acoustic signal processing and imag-ing in the absence of parasitic and destructive backscat-tering [1]. Here, we theoretically demonstrate a fully dy-namical approach towards complete ultrasonic isolation ina piezo-phononic media (piezoelectric semiconductor). By

taking advantage of the acousto-electric effect in the small-signal limit, including thermoelastic and lattice dynamicallosses, we show how a pronounced electron-phonon cou-pling in a linear piezoelectric media under electrical biascan generate full elastic isolation while keeping the wave-front shape quasi intact, without frequency conversion, inthe passing direction. As a result, we design a nonrecip-rocal linear ultrasonic isolator of large bandwidth, highcontrast ratio, and high power transmission efficiency inthe passing direction [2].[1] S.A. Cummer, J. Christensen, and A. Alu, Controllingsound with acoustic metamaterials, Nat. Rev. Mat. 9(2016) 16001. [2] A. Merkel, M. Willatzen and J. Chris-tensen, Dynamic non-reciprocity in piezo-phononic media,submittted.


Breaking acoustic reciprocity using deformation mechanism – (Contributed, 000251)

T. Devauxa, A. Cebrecosb, O. Richouxb, V. Pagneuxb and V. TournatbaFaculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bLAUM, Le Mans Univ., UMR

CNRS 6613, LAUM - UMR CNRS 6613, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France


Realizing wave devices able to demonstrate asymmetrictransmission became a real challenge in the last decades.The two most commun solutions introduce nonlinear fre-quency transformation or an external energy bias in thesystem to break the reciprocity in the system. Neverthe-less, they are not promising for data processing applica-tions due to the distortion process involved or the sup-ply energy needed. Here, we are overcoming these limitsby proposing a new approach consisting of a propagationmedium deformation induced by the travelling wave. As aproof of concept, an experimental demonstration is shownto illustrate the concept feasibility. Using the radiationpressure effect, a tri-layer water-air-solid has been real-

ized for the case of acoustic waves, where, depending onthe excitation direction, the trilayer becomes a water-solid bi-layer. Experimental parametric study shows agiant asymmetry ratio (up to 10ˆ 6) between transmit-ted energy in both propagation directions. Interestingly,the device has good transmission without wave distortionand tunable broadband characteristics. Based on the de-formation mechanism concept, the device is extended todemonstrate complex wave operations through an acous-tical switch device. Breaking the reciprocity opens newcapabilities for information processing and for improvingacoustic imaging.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Simulation of gigahertz plate waves in elastic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000217)

M. Tomodaa, K. Fujitab, K. Inagakib, O. Matsudaa, O. B. Wrighta and V. E. Gusevc

aHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bHokkaido University, Faculty

of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; cLe Mans Universite, avenue O. Messiaen,

72085 Le Mans, France


Elastic metamaterials that have negative effective den-sity and negative effective modulus over a particular fre-quency range have been proposed by many groups. Inparticular, elastic metamaterials for compressional platewaves were recently demonstrated by R. Zhu et al. (Na-ture Comm., 2014). In addition, V.E. Gusev and O.B.Wright theoretically proposed structures based on double-negative metamaterials for flexural plate waves (New J.Phys., 2014). Following on from these works, we designnanoscale elastic metamaterials both for compressionaland for flexural plate waves at GHz frequencies. Thesesub-wavelength scale metamaterial structures can be fab-ricated by nanomachining techniques such as drilling nar-row slits periodically into silicon slabs. We calculate theirdispersion relations and simulate plate wave propagation

by use of the commercial finite-element software COM-SOL Multiphysics. Owing to the resonance propertiesof the unit cells, the proposed metamaterials show neg-ative group velocities or phononic bandgaps over givenfrequency ranges. In the simulations, we create meta-material structures in the form of right-angle triangularprisms, in which we observe negative refraction in thedouble-negative frequency ranges and strong damping inthe single-negative frequency ranges. In future, we plan tofabricate samples of these metamaterials in order to imageplate-wave propagation at micron-spatial and picosecond-temporal resolutions by use of a time-domain surface-waveimaging method based on an optical ultrafast pump-probetechnique.


Gradient metamaterial matching layer for ultrasonic transducers – (Contributed, 000106)

J. ZhuHong Kong Polytechnic University, FG603, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 00000 Hung Hom,

Hong Kong


New generation of high-quality single crystal broadbandultrasound transducers provides superior imaging perfor-mance in ultrasonography. It requires proper design toperfectly bridge the energy between the active piezoelec-tric material and the target medium over the operatingspectrum. In this talk, we would like to introduce aanisotropic cone-structured acoustic metamaterial match-ing layer with gradient acoustic impedance along the ul-trasound propagation direction. This type of acousticmetamaterial matching layer provides a broadband win-

dow to support extraordinary transmission of ultrasoundover spectrum. The actual matching layer sample is fabri-cated by etching the silica optical fibre bundles. We eventested an ultrasound transducer equipped with this acous-tic metamaterial matching layer. The measurement re-sults show that the corresponding −6dB bandwidth is ableto reach over 100%. We hope this new matching layer de-sign can enable new single crystal piezoelectric materialsin the construction of high-performance ultrasound trans-ducers and probes.

Tue 13:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 2

Effect of microstructural evolution on acoustic nonlinear response of ultrasonic waves in solid media –(Invited, 000072)

Y. Choa and W. LibaPusan National Univ., School of Mechanical Engineering, 2, Busandaehak-ro, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, 46241 Busan, Republic of

Korea; bXiamen University, South Siming Road, 422, Xiamen, 361005 Xiamen, China


The effect of material microstructural evolution on ultra-sonic nonlinear response of rolled copper and brass undervarious heat treatments is examined in this work. Mi-crostructural evolution in the specimens is artificially con-trolled by rolled processes and heat treatments. The en-

hance effect of various micro-structural damages on theacoustic nonlinearity are studied in the specimens. It isshown that grain boundaries are the main sources of non-linearity in this specimens, and an obvious decrease ofnonlinear response with the increase of grain size is found

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


in this investigation. The experimental results indicatemicro-structural damages like, dislocations, elastic defor-mations and the residual stresses may degrade the ma-terial properties seriously, and enhance the acoustic non-

linear response. However, the use of ultrasonic nonlinearresponse can not be simply employed to evaluate materialdamage level without considerations of grain size varia-tions in the specimen.


Leakage noises in valves – (Contributed, 000118)

A. Rondeau, E. Lafargue and F. CartierChpolansky, 3 rue Angiboust, 91460 Marcoussis, France


Fluid leaks (gas, liquid or diphasic) in industrial facilitiesrepresent a financial cost due to substance losses, a safetyproblem due to explosion and contamination hazards, anda risk of environmental pollution when chemical productsare dumped into the wild. To improve leak detection andobtain information about the leak flowrate, a test benchcomposed of ducts and valves was set up. Internal leakswere produced by valve opening. The studied fluid wasair at an absolute pressure of 7 bar and at ambient tem-perature (25C). To avoid contamination by surroundingnoise, the facility was suspended with rubber membranes.Ultrasonic sounds, generated by the studied leak, weremeasured as a function of the flowrate. To do this, an ac-quisition system was developed to acquire, simultaneously,data from four measurement channels at a maximum fre-quency of 4 MHz. The acoustic emission was measured bymeans of four broadband piezo-electric sensors from Mis-

tras, model WDI-AST, at a frequency ranging from 150to 950 kHz. To measure flowrate, a calorimetric flowme-ter, with a measurement range from 25 to 500 L.min-1,was used. The acoustic signatures of leaks were measuredand a correlation between the acoustic puissance and theflowrate was established. The surrounding noise of an in-dustrial site, due to operation of devices (pump, compres-sor, valve, ...), can interfere with the diagnostic of theanalysed valve. Thus, a signal processing, using wavelettransform, was carried out to differentiate the leak noisefrom the background noise which was experimentally sim-ulated. These preliminary studies allowed us to test oursensors, our acquisition system and our mathematical al-gorithms. Currently, we are moving onto the next step.Indeed, we are setting up a facility to study a wide rangeof additional numbers (Reynold and Mach) including val-ues obtained in industrial sites.


Validation of the first prototype high temperature ultrasonic sensor for gas composition measurement– (Contributed, 000136)

O. Gatsaa, E. Rosenkrantzb, D. Fourmentelc, C. Destouchesc, P. Combetteb and J.-Y. FerrandisaaCNRS, IES, UMR 5214, 860, rue Saint Priest Batiment 5, 34090 Montpellier, France; bUniversity Montpellier, IES, UMR 5214, 860,

rue Saint Priest Batiment 5, 34090 Montpellier, France; cDEN/DER/SPEx/LDC, CEA Cadarache, St Paul lez Durance, 13108 St

Paul Lez Durance, France


The measurement of substances mixtures properties by ul-trasonic approach represents a high interest for industrialsector. In particular, the evaluation of fission gas mixturesin nuclear combustion rod under harsh temperature andradiative environment is of a great interest for fuel charac-terization and notably lifetime optimization. Previously,an acoustic sensor for in situ fission gases (mainly He andHe-Xe mixtures) measurements was developed in our labo-ratory and tested under experimental condition in OSIRISreactor (Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Com-mission facility). Its operational temperature was limitedby 200C [1]. In this paper, a first prototype for mea-surement in the temperature range from 300 to 400C ispresented. Piezoelectric material was deposit on alumina

substrate by screen printing technique. Sodium BismuthTitanate (NBT) was used as active material. Studies ondielectric properties and impedances behaviors as functionof temperature confirm the sensor use in the range of up to400C. Realized device was integrated into a sealed cavity.Gas mixtures were successfully characterized at room tem-perature conditions in a sealed cavity allowing pressure upto 70 bars.

[1] Rosenkrantz, E., Ferrandis, J. Y., Augereau, F., Lam-bert, T., Fourmentel, D., & Tiratay, X. (2013). An Innova-tive Acoustic Sensor for In-Pile Fission Gas CompositionMeasurements. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,60(2), 1346-1353.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Low Frequency Ultrasonic Collimated Beam Generation from Piezoelectric Transducers – (Contributed,

000194)

V. K. Chillaraa, C. Panteab and D. SinhabaLos Alamos National Laboratory, 3000 Trinity Dr Apt 83, Los Alamos, 87544-2337, USA; bLos Alamos National Laboratory, E202,

TA03, Bldg 40, Los Alamos, 87545, USA


Collimated beams propagate with little or no angularspread. Directed nature of these beams can be exploitedfor a variety of applications. In particular, ultrasonic col-limated beams find significant applications in subsurfaceimaging for borehole integrity, short range communica-tion, and underwater acoustics. Typically, such beams aregenerated at high frequencies (>1 MHz) using a patternedacoustic source like a piezoelectric transducer. Here, wepresent the design of a novel acoustic source that is capableof generating collimated acoustic beams at low-frequencies

i.e, in the range (40-500 kHz). The design utilizes the nat-ural vibration pattern of the radial modes of piezo-discsto generate collimated beams. We first present numeri-cal studies that discuss the vibration and ultrasonic beampropagation characteristics of these transducers. Then,we discuss some experimental results and finally concludewith a discussion on the potential use of this novel designfor a borehole integrity evaluation and imaging applica-tion.


Development of High Speed Inversion Technique for the Characterization of Full-Field Material Prop-erties Based on Quantitative Laser Ultrasound Visualization System – (Contributed, 000202)

S.-P. Tseng and C.-H. YangNational Taipei Univ. of Technology, No.1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Da’an Dist., 106 Taipei, Taiwan


Ultrasonic guided waves become an important tool fornondestructive evaluation of structures and components.Guided waves are used for the purpose of identifying de-fects or evaluating material properties in a nondestruc-tive way. While guided waves are applied for evaluatingmaterial properties, instead of knowing the properties di-rectly, preliminary signals such as time domain signals orfrequency domain spectra are first revealed. With themeasured ultrasound data, inversion calculation can befurther employed to obtain the desired mechanical prop-erties. The quantitative laser ultrasound visualizationsystem (QLUVS) employs a mirror-controlled scanningpulsed laser to generate guided acoustic waves traveling ina two-dimensional target. Guided waves are detected witha piezoelectric transducer located at a fixed location. Witha gyro-scanning of the generation source, the QLUVS hasthe advantage of fast, full-field and quantitative inspec-tion. The QLUVS and inversion process have been inves-tigated before, however, suffer the drawback of excessivecomputation time. This research introduces two impor-

tant tools to improve the computation efficiency. Firstgraphic procession unit (GPU) with large amount of coresare introduced. Furthermore, combining the CPU andGPU cores, parallel procession scheme is developed forthe inversion of full-field mechanical properties based onthe QLUVS data. The newly developed inversion schemeis applied to investigate the computation efficiency forsingle-layered and double-layered plate-like samples. Thecomputation efficiency is shown to be 80 times faster thanunparalleled computation scheme. This research demon-strates a high speed inversion technique for the charac-terization of full-field material properties based on quan-titative laser ultrasound visualization system. Significantcomputation efficiency is shown, however not reaching thelimit yet. Further improvement can be reached by improv-ing the parallel computation. The developed high speedcomputation scheme is ready for applications where full-field mechanical properties are needed in a nondestructiveand nearly real-time way.


Imaging the Adhesion Quality of a 255nm Tungsten Thin Film With a Silicon Substrate Using Picosec-ond Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000219)

A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. MichelonNeta, Rue Francois Mitterand, 33400 Talence, France, Metropolitan


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Acoustic waves in the gigahertz or terahertz frequencyrange allow mechanical characterization of structures withnanometric resolution. Generation and detection of theseacoustic waves can be performed by the use of femtosecondlasers in pump-probe setups.In this presentation, these kinds of setups and the theorybeyond measurements will be shortly presented. Then,

the capability of such tools, in term of non-destructivetesting, will be demonstrated with the help of a cartog-raphy which illustrates the adhesion quality of a 255nmtungsten thin film deposited on a Silicon substrate. Mea-surement procedure and the signal processing which havebeen used to obtain the cartography will be also presentedand discussed.


Development of Acoustical Microscopy System with Ultra High Resolution for Micro/Nano StructureInspection – (Contributed, 000220)

I. Park, T. Park and D. KwakSeoulTech, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, 01811 Seoul, Republic of Korea


Micro/nano technology has been constantly developed inthe field of microelectronics in the recent years. It is stillpromising technology to be developed in the future. But,precision diagnosis method which is applied to the mi-cro/nano structure is not sufficient to be used in the in-dustry fields yet. So, we proposed a diagnosis technique toevaluate the micro/nano structure nondestructively withhigh resolution using acoustic microscopy system and var-ious researches are on the way. In this study, calculationof dispersion curves and velocity of leaky surface acous-tic wave and fabrication of thin film specimen were car-ried out to analysis and verify propagation behavior of thewave on thin film structure. We confirmed the dispersion

characteristics of leaky surface acoustic wave on thin film.Consequently, we verified the possibility to evaluate anddiagnosis the micro/nano structure through measuring thevelocity of leaky surface acoustic wave and its dispersioncharacteristics. Then, after the performance verification ofacoustic microscopy sensor, multi-axis control scan algo-rithm, data acquisition and signal processing software willbe developed as a core component of the system. Thisdeveloped acoustical microscopy system will be used todevelop diagnosis/inspection techniques for hidden dam-ages in micro/nano structure and the technique will gothrough experimental verification of the reliability.

Tue 13:00 308A Guided Waves in Physical Acoustics

Elastic Waves in Magnetogranular Metamaterials – (Invited, 000221)

G. TheocharisLAUM-CNRS, Universite du Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, FRANCE, 72000 Le Mans, France


Granular crystals are artificially structured materials con-sist of closely packed arrays of elastic particles. This typeof metamaterials can manipulate and control elastic wavesin ways that are not possible in conventional solid mate-rials. It is an exciting and rapidly expanding topic in thefield of physical acoustics that, more than 20 years nowoffered a perfect test bed for fundamental studies of non-linear dynamics including solitary waves, breathers, non-linear energy transfer and chaos as well as different engi-neering applications like tunable waveguiding, shock- andenergy-absorbing layers and acoustic diodes.The main objectives of this talk are: (1) on the one handto present our current better understanding of the wave

physics of granular crystals. Emphasis will be placed onthe role of particle rotations that has been ignored in manystudies and which lead to richer wave dynamics. (2) Sec-ondly, to present you novel wave phenomena coming fromthe interplay of geometry and nonlinearity. Our exper-imental vehicle for the study of the above will be mag-netogranular metamaterials, namely granular-based struc-tures/devices composed of stainless steel spherical beadsin contact, under a suitable designed magnetic field. Thewave dynamics of one-dimensional and L-shaped waveg-uides will be presented in details while some preliminaryresults for two- dimensional magnetogranular structureswill be also described.


Acoustic waves in Freestanding Silicon Structures and Applications to Thermal Engineering and Op-tomechanics – (Invited, 000226)

J. Mairea, D. Navarro-Urriosa, M. Sledzinskaa, B. Graczykowskib, E. Chavez Angela, F. Alzinaa, R. Anufrievc, M.Nomurac and C. M. Sotomayor-Torresa

[email protected]

[email protected]


aICN2, Edifici ICN2, UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; bMax Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55218

Mainz, Germany; cInstitute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8505 Tokyo, Japan


Phonon dynamics affect a wide range of materials proper-ties, among which optical and electrical transport. Withthe development of optical fiber communications and in-tegrated information processing tools, acoustic phononshave been gathering growing interest. Without focus-ing specifically on these applications, but on the intrin-sic properties of these acoustic phonons, we have investi-gated silicon nanostructures and we show some techniquesused to characterize surface acoustic waves and confinedphonon modes.In particular, we show how Brillouin light scattering canbe used to experimentally investigate confined phononmodes in thin membranes and reconstruct the phonon dis-persion relation in a variety of 1D and 2D systems. In allthe systems investigated, e.g. membranes, but also holeand pillar based phononic crystals, experimental resultsagree with finite elements simulations, showing a decreasein the group velocity of few- GHz modes. Additionally, afemtosecond pump-probe technique can be used to mea-sure the lifetime of these phonons, showing how the mem-

brane thickness can reduce this lifetime by as much asthree orders of magnitude down to 5 ps.

Then, we show two types of possible applications of theseacoustic waves: nanoscale thermal engineering and op-tomechanics. Indeed, knowing the properties of thesewaves become increasingly important for thermal trans-port as temperature decreases. This has been showntheoretically, including simulations based on first princi-ple calculations and molecular dynamics, but also exper-imentally, with GHz phonons becoming relevant to ther-mal transport at cryogenic temperatures in nanowires andphononic crystals. Lastly, we show how phonons can beused to perform information processing, via the optome-chanical interaction for example. We have demonstratedthe generation of self-sustained coherent acoustic waves,both in a dual optical- mechanical cavity, and in the wholefreestanding structure. We show how this building block,coupled to transmission via a waveguide, will lead to thecreation of phononic circuits.


Continuum Elasticity Modeling of Long-wavelength Acoustic Vibrations of Quasi-2D Structures andMicro-tubules – (Contributed, 000004)

A. G. Everya, D. Liub and D. Tomanekb

aUniversity of the Witwatersrand, School of Physics, 1 Jan Smuts Ave., Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; bMichigan State

University, Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA


A continuum elasticity approach is used to model the vi-brations of quasi-2D structures such as graphene and phos-phorene, and by extension the vibrations of micro-tubulessuch as carbon nanotubes. This sidesteps the drawbackof atomistic calculations of the long wavelength acousticmodes of atomically thin layers, which are known to con-verge very slowly. By ascribing a (3x3) elastic matrix andflexural rigidity to a thin layer, we are able to derive sim-ple expressions for the linear dispersion of the longitudinaland shear modes and the quadratic dispersion of the flex-ural modes. The calculated spectra accurately reproduceobserved and calculated long-wavelength phonon spectraof graphene and phosphorene. Our approach correctly de-

scribes the observed dependence of the radial breathingmode frequency on the diameter of carbon fullerines andnanotubes. Further, we derive simple quantitative expres-sions for the long-wavelength longitudinal, torsional andflexural modes of micro-tubules. 1. D. Liu, A. G. Everyand D. Tomanek, Continuum Approach for Soft Acous-tic Phonons in Quasi-2D Structures, Phys. Rev. B 94,165432 (2016). doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.165432 2.D. Liu, A. G. Every and D. Tomanek, Long-wavelengthVibrational Modes in Empty and Liquid-filled Tubules:A Theoretical Study, Phys. Rev. B 95, 205407 (2017).doi.org/ 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.205407


Mechanical Anisotropy of Plant Cell Walls Studied by Laser Generated Guided Acoustic Waves –(Contributed, 000243)

M. Abi Ghanema, L. Khoryatib, N. Boechlerc and T. Dehouxd

aUniversity of Washington, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; bBenaroya Research Institute at Virginia

Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; cUniversity of California San Diego, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace

Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; dUniversite Claude Bernard Lyon1 - CNRS, Institut Lumiere Matiere, F-69622 Villeurbanne,

France


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Cell expansion plays a central role in plant growth. Inmost plants, cell expansion is anisotropic owing to a pref-erential orientation of the cellulose microfibrils in the wall.However, a full assessment of the mechanical anisotropyof plant cell walls remains a challenge and how the ori-entation of the microfibrils affects the mechanical prop-erties of the cell walls is still an open question. In thiswork, we investigate the anisotropy of the fibrillar networkin micron-thick cell walls using laser generated, sub-GHzguided acoustic waves.We probe the mechanical anisotropy of onion cell walls,mainly composed of highly oriented cellulose microfib-rils, which are embedded in a hydrated gel-like matrix ofpectins. We utilize transient grating spectroscopy, a non-invasive laser ultrasonic technique widely used to studysurface and guided acoustic waves in soft and anisotropic

media. In this technique, two excitation pulses are crossedat the sample surface, forming an optical interference pat-tern. Absorption of the excitation light generates counter-propagating acoustic modes with a wavelength defined bythe spatially periodic interference pattern. The measureddispersion curves reveal the presence of Rayleigh-Lambmodes, typical of propagating guided acoustic waves insupported films. By tracking their dispersion as a func-tion of cell orientation, we find angular-dependent phasevelocities. From the measured dispersion, we extract theanisotropic mechanical properties of the cell wall. Ourfindings provide new insights for the understanding of themolecular mechanisms underlying plant mechanics andmorphogenesis. We anticipate that these studies, willenable innovative strategies to design bioinspired deviceswith tailored structural anisotropy.


Ritz-Rayleigh Approach: Numerical Calculation of Guided- Wave Properties – (Contributed, 000139)

T. Grabeca, P. Sedlakb, H. Seinerb and M. LandabaNuclear Physics Institute, Rez 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic; bInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolejskova 1402/5, 182 00 Prague,

Czech Republic


A calculation of guided-wave propagation can turn intoa cumbersome task when a higher-level anisotropy or ageneral direction is considered. The Ritz-Rayleigh ap-proach offers a fast method to calculate the velocity ofguided waves propagating in a general direction through amedium of any symmetry class. First, a computationaldomain with the desired material properties is chosen.The boundary conditions imposed on the domain are setaccording to the type of wave investigated. Then, reso-nances of such domain are calculated using the Hamilton’sprinciple, i.e., by locating the stationary points of the La-grangian energy of the body. To calculate this numerically,the displacement field is discretized into a basis of Legen-dre polynomials and trigonometric functions. The wholeapproach thus allows the conversion from solving the waveequation into a problem of searching for eigenvalues and

eigenvectors, which leads to fast calculation. Due to thevariability in boundary conditions, the same approach canbe used for calculation of broad spectrum of wave prob-lems, such as the spatial dispersion of velocities of surfaceacoustic waves, or the frequency dispersion of Lamb wavesin anisotropic plates. Moreover, it is suitable for calcula-tions of propagation and dispersion in a layered media byintroducing a layer of with different properties on top ofthe basic domain and adding the appropriate connectingcondition. This makes the Ritz-Rayleigh approach a valu-able tool for a broad variety of uses. In this contribution,the approach is presented in more detail and its capabili-ties are illustrated on selected cases – characterization ofstrongly anisotropic Fe-Pd single crystal, and micrometricNi-Ti film.


How to Induce Dynamic Fracture by Focusing Flexural Waves – (Contributed, 000212)

V. Van Gemmeren, B. Zybach and J. DualInstitute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland


Flexural waves in beams are highly dispersive, causing apropagating broadband wavelet to spread in space andtime (1 ). This property has been used in non-destructivetesting applications to locate defects in tubes requiringonly circumferential measurements (2 ), as well as in beams(3 ) and plates (4 ) relying only on a one point measure-ment. This was achieved by using the time reversal prin-ciple (5 ) to retrace the propagation path of the measuredwaves.

Here, we utilize the dispersion of flexural waves and thesuperposition of multiple reflections to spatiotemporallyfocus strain energy in a beam and thereby induce preciselycontrolled dynamic fracture. An electromechanical trans-ducer excites flexural waves at one end of a finite glassbeam over a relatively long duration of time. The wavesfocus at a narrow spot in space and time to produce ahigh amplitude bending moment pulse, which causes thefracturing of the glass beam. The excitation signal for

[email protected]

[email protected]


the transducer is the optimal composition of 31 distinctwavelets, for which up to 30 reflections are taken into ac-count. Each of these wavelets is determined in a timereversed spectral element simulation. In experiments, thebending moment at the focal point was found to be 20times larger than the maximum moment produced by thetransducer.

References

1. K. F. Graff, Wave Motion in Elastic Solids (ClarendonPress, Oxford, 1975).

2. T. Leutenegger, J. Dual, Non-destructive testing oftubes using a time reverse numerical simulation (TRNS)method. Ultrasonics 41, 811-822 (2004).3. R. Ernst, J. Dual, Quantitative guided wave testing byapplying the time reversal principle on dispersive waves inbeams. Wave Motion 58, 259-280 (2015).4. R. Ernst, F. Zwimpfer, J. Dual, One sensor acousticemission localization in plates. Ultrasonics 64, 139-150(2016).5. M. Fink, Time reversed acoustics. Physics Today 50,34-40 (1997).

Tue 13:00 307B Thermo-acoustics

Fundamental study on the effect of the change in the cross- sectional area on the straight-tube-typethermoacoustic prime mover – (Invited, 000144)

S.-I. Sakamoto, T. Wada and T. SaitoUniversity of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan


We have been researched thermoacoustic systems for apractical use. We have been researched to increase the en-ergy conversion efficiency of heat and sound, research tooscillate at low temperature, and so on. For a practical use, it is also necessary to increase the output energy. In thisreport, the relationship between the output energy andthe cross-sectional area of the system was investigated.Experiments were conducted using a straight-tube-typethermoacoustic prime mover. The total length of the sys-tem was 1530 mm. The system was constructed with astainless steel tube. A 900- cell/in2 honeycomb ceramicwas used as the stack. The stack length was 50 mm. The

inside diameter of the system was set to 3 types of about24, 42, 100 mm. The system was filled with air at atmo-spheric pressure. Thermoacoustic self-sustaind sound wasgenerated by inputting heat with an electric heater. Thesound pressure distribution in the system was measured.Using the pressure measurement result, the sound field inthe system was estimated by the 2 sensor method. It wasfound that the sound field varies depending on the crosssectional area at same input energy. The larger the cross-sectional area, the lower the sound pressure at a certainpoint.


Investigation on Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of an Open-Air Traveling-Wave ThermoacousticGenerator – (Contributed, 000083)

X. Xie, S. Yang, F. Liu and Q. LiTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


The acoustic radiation impedance of an Open-airTraveling-wave ThermoAcoustic Generator (OTTAG)composed of a looped tube and a resonator was theo-retically described. The acoustic radiation characteristicsversus different resonator types and input heating pow-ers of this OTTAG are experimentally investigated, whichverified the theoretical model. Furthermore, the soundpressure level at 1m far away from the open end of the

resonator versus frequency were measured and comparedin an anechoic chamber, a semi anechoic chamber and anormal room. The directivity as a function of polar an-gle from 0 to 360 was present under the optimized dimen-sions. The maximum sound pressure level was up to 100dBref 20ıPa. This OTTAG would be used as a newly basicacoustic source for low frequency and long-range noise ex-periments and industrial sources and vibration.


Optimizations of an Open-air Traveling-wave Thermoacoustic Generator – (Contributed, 000236)

F. Liu, X. Xie, S. Yang and Q. LiTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


According to the study, the Gedeon streaming and theheat transfer capability have a huge impact on the per-formance of the open-air traveling-wave thermoacousticgenerator. Based on the existing system, A new heater,different from the traditional structure, was designed andtested to enhance heat transfer capability and improves

safety and reliability. The Gedeon streaming also can beinhibited by a rubber membrane above the main cold heatexchanger in the ring. The experimental results show thatthe optimizations are useful and significant. The acousticpressure at the open end of the resonator is expected toreach 140 dB-SPL from 133 dB-SPL.


Effect of temperature distribution of the stack on heat flow in standing-wave thermoacoustic-system –(Contributed, 000259)

M. Sugimotoa, S.-I. Sakamotob and Y. WatanabecaDoshisha Univ., 1-3Miyakodani,Tatara,kyotanabeshi, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bUniversity of Shiga Prefecture, 2500, Hassaka, Hikone,

Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan


The temperature difference between both ends of the stackhas been studied. However, there are few studies on the in-ternal temperature of the stack. The internal temperatureof the stack is expected to affect the mutual conversion ofheat flow and work flow. Therefore, another heater wasinstalled inside the stack. This heater realized adjustmentof the internal temperature of the stack. For the ther-moacoustic system of the standing wave, previous studieshave confirmed an increase in the amount of work flowgeneration by raising internal temperature of the stack.Hence, it is necessary to consider the relationship betweenthe internal temperature of the stack and the heat flow.In this report, the effect of the adjustment of the internaltemperature of the stack on the heat flow was experimen-tally investigated. There are two advantages of examining

the action of heat flow by adjusting the internal temper-ature of the stack. First, the stack can be divided intotwo parts, from the cold end to the middle and from themiddle to the hot end, which can make the change in heatflow easier to understand. Secondly, it is possible to con-trol the heat flow by adjusting the internal temperature ofthe stack. The stack was installed at a position where thesound pressure increased, and the hot end was set as thedirection with the larger sound pressure. As a result, un-der the experimental conditions of this time, the heat flowfrom the cold end to the hot one of the stack increased.The heat flow can be controlled by adjusting the internaltemperature of the stack. It is thought heat flow acted tokeep the temperature difference between both ends of thestack.


Effect of acoustic impedance on a thermoacoustic system using a Heat Phase Adjuster – (Contributed,

000266)

H. Morishitaa, S.-I. Sakamotob, K. Shirakia and Y. WatanabeaaDoshisha University, 1-3,Tatara Miyakodani,Kyotanabe,Kyoto, 6100321 Kyotanabe, Japan; bUniversity of Shiga Prefecture, 2500,

Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533 Hikone, Japan


In order to control resonance mode and improve the energyconversion efficiency of loop-tube-type thermoacoustic en-gines, we have proposed locally heating method, as calleda Heat Phase Adjuster (HPA). The HPA has following ad-vantages, those are, it can change the input heat quantityexternally, and it is easy to change the setting position.In previous study, it is reported that using a HPA en-ables to control the resonance mode of the loop-tube-typethermoacoustic system, and the resonance modes are de-pended on the position of the HPA. However, a determin-ing of the positioning factor has not been clear. In thisreport, the determining of the positioning factor for theresonance mode of the thermoacoustic system using theHPA is experimentally investigated. In order to regard in

term of the acoustics, a prime mover was removed fromthe thermoacoustic tube. Sound fields at each mode wererealized by using a loudspeaker set at the tube. As theresults, it is confirmed that the directions of the acousticintensity flow are depended and controlled by the HPA.It is also confirmed that the sound fields are changed tocreate the fine-enough mode. In this condition, the acous-tic impedance shows the maximum value in front of thesound source. This result indicates that the sound fieldof the thermoacoustic system can be controlled by usingthe HPA. As the above results, the HPA is the powerfuldevice for the designing and controlling of the thermoa-coustic system.

[email protected]

[email protected]


Tue 13:00 308B Ultrasonic Cavitation for Therapy

Cavitation generating and utilizing exposure sequence for focused ultrasound treatment – (Invited,

000019)

S.-I. Umemura and S. YoshizawaTohoku University, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


Acoustic cavitation is known to enhance bioeffects of ul-trasound in many ways. It not only enhances the thermalas well as mechanical effects significantly, but also can in-duce even sonochemical effects. These bioeffects shouldbe useful for therapeutic applications of ultrasound if cav-itation can be generated in a well-controlled manner. Re-cently, it was shown that a short focused ultrasound pulseat an extremely high acoustic pressure, typically shorterand higher than the order of 0.1 ms and 10 MPa, respec-tively, can generate cavitation selectively in the focal zonewith enough reproducibility to treat tissues. We haveproposed ”Trigger HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultra-sound)” exposure sequence consisting of such short ex-tremely intense pulses and immediately following moder-ately intense HIFU bursts to generate and utilize cavi-tation microbubbles, respectively. This sequence can beenergy efficient because extremely intense ultrasound isonly needed for generating cavitation and not necessary

for sustaining and utilizing it for either thermal or sono-chemical effect. The effectiveness of the proposed sequenceto enhance ultrasonic heating was demonstrated first in anoptically transparent gel containing albumin and then inan excised mammalian tissue. Several times larger vol-ume was thermally coagulated by the proposed sequencethan the moderately intense bursts alone. The generationof cavitation microbubbles in the gel was confirmed bya high-speed camera as well as ultrasonic echo imaging,and it was confirmed by the latter in the tissue. The ef-fectiveness of the proposed sequence to induce sonochem-ical reaction was demonstrated first in an aqueous solu-tion and then in an optically transparent gel. An order ofmagnitude higher sonochemical yield was obtained by theproposed sequence than the extremely intense pulses alonewhile no yield for the moderately intense bursts alone. Thelocalization of sonochemical reaction in the focal zone wasconfirmed by the sonochemiluminescence of luminol.


Cavitation-Enhanced Drug Delivery to Tumours using Sub-Micron Cavitation Nuclei and PassiveAcoustic Mapping – (Invited, 000248)

C. C. Coussiosa, C. Coviellob, C. Mannarisa, P. Kattia and R. CarlisleaaInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; bOxSonics

Ltd, Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, OX4 4GA Oxford, UK


The tumour microenvironment makes the delivery of can-cer therapeutics, particularly biologics such as viruses orantibodies, particularly challenging. Sustained inertialcavitation has been shown to enable enhanced transportof macromolecular drugs across the endothelium and theirimproved distribution throughout the tumour. However,the use of microbubbles as cavitation nuclei confines thisenhanced transport to the perivascular space. A newgeneration of sub-micron cavitation nuclei have been de-veloped, which stabilize a nanobubble on a hemispher-ical polymeric shell and are small enough to penetratethe tumour mass. Simply co-administered with the drug,

these particles are shown to enhance the delivery and effi-cacy of both oncolytic viruses and other immuno-oncologyagents, including therapeutic antibodies, in a variety ofsmall-animal models. Furthermore, a dual-array PassiveAcoustic Mapping (PAM) technique using advanced ro-bust capon beamforming algorithms makes it possible tomonitor and localize cavitation-enhanced delivery in realtime with a spatial resolution of hundreds of microns. Inpreliminary survival studies, the level and spatial extent ofinertial cavitation activity throughout the tumour is foundto be potentially predictive of therapeutic response.


Triplet Pulse Sequence for Cavitation Bubble Imaging in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment– (Contributed, 000132)

R. Iwasakia, R. Nagaokab, S. Yoshizawab and S.-I. UmemurabaTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku



[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment is at-tracting interest as a low invasive therapeutic modalitymainly for cancers. A long treatment time is a problem inthis modality. To overcome it, we have proposed utilizingacoustic cavitation bubbles to enhance ultrasonic heating.Since cavitation may damage normal tissues, spatiotempo-ral monitoring of bubbles generation is needed to ensurethe safety as well as effectiveness of such treatment. Inthis study, we investigated an imaging method specific tocavitation bubbles using a triplet pulse sequence, whichis expected to be superior in detecting microbubbles se-lectively. A triplet pulse sequence is a harmonic imagingtechnique, in which even harmonic components as wellas fundamental components are suppressed by summingechoes obtained by transmitting three pulses with similarenvelope and a phase shift by 120. Unlike a pulse inver-sion (PI) sequence using two pulses with opposite phases,the second harmonics generated by nonlinear propaga-

tion is also eliminated so that selectivity of microbubblesshould be improved. Experiments using an excised chickenbreast tissue were performed immediately after transmit-ting extremely intense HIFU pulses to generate cavitationbubbles, moderate HIFU bursts was intermittently trans-mitted. Echo signals were acquired by high-speed ultra-sonic imaging during the intermittent periods. In bothsummed echoes obtained by PI and the triplet pulse se-quence, respectively, the fundamental components weresignificantly suppressed in comparison with the echo ofsingle transmission. Unlike PI sequence, the second har-monics were also significantly reduced in the triplet pulsesequence. In 2D images reconstructed from the obtainedecho signals, cavitation bubbles were most clearly depictedin the triplet pulse sequence among the tested sequencesincluding PI and single transmission. The results suggestthat a triplet pulse sequence is effective for specificallydetecting cavitation bubbles.


Effect of focal shape control on stone erosion rate using cavitation bubbles – (Contributed, 000233)

T. Yuraa, M. Lafondb, S. Yoshizawac and S.-I. UmemuracaTohoku University, Graduate School of Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku University,

Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; cTohoku University, Aoba

6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan


We have proposed using high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) to generate acoustic cavitation in a highly con-trolled manner for fragmenting kidney stones into muchsmaller pieces than shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). In thefocal region of HIFU, intense negative pressure of ultra-sound can induce cavitation microbubbles, which are ableto damage the hard surface of kidney stones. However, thestone erosion rate by HIFU has been significantly lowerthan that by SWL. Much lower negative than positivepeak amplitudes of focal pressure due to nonlinear propa-gation of HIFU is the primary cause of the problem. In ad-dition, once cavitation bubbles are formed on the surfaceof the stone, they reflect the positive peak enhanced waveand convert it to a negative peak enhanced wave generat-ing a large cloud of cavitation microbubbles, which signifi-

cantly attenuate the succeeding HIFU wave. To solve thisproblem, we propose an exposure sequence switching be-tween a single spot and Sector Vortex annular focus. Theremaining cavitation cloud generated by the single spot fo-cusing is expected not to significantly attenuate the waveof the Sector Vortex annular focusing. Experiments wereperformed using a transducer in the driving frequency of1 MHz and the focal length of 120 mm with 128 channelelements, which can be driven independently in variousfocusing schemes. Model stones with Vickers hardness of95.9±20.1 HV were set in a water tank and exposed toHIFU from the transducer. The stone erosion rate by theswitching sequence was significantly higher than the rateby either single spot or annular focus alone.


Comparison of spatial distribution characteristics of shock wave pressure field and cavitation bubblecloud – (Contributed, 000316)

G. Kanga, O. Kwona, J.S. Huhb and M. J. ChoicaJeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Biomedical Engineering Lab, #214-1, School of Med., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea;bJeju National University Hospital, 15, Aran 13-gil, Department of Urology, 63241 Jeju, Republic of Korea; cJeju National University,

Medical College, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea


Purpose : This study aims to compare the spatial char-acteristics of the cavitation bubble cloud and shockwavepressure field.

Methods : Cavitation bubble cloud images were acquiredusing micro pulsed LED light with 150us exposure timeand CCD camera, and images were accumulated after re-peated several acquisitions. The shock wave field was mea-

[email protected]

[email protected]


sured using an fiber optic probe hydrophone and an acous-tic field scanning system to compare with the distributionof cavitation bubbles.

Results and Discussion : After shock wave device was trig-gered, cavitation bubbles were generated and visualizedduring 150us light exposure and were collapsed at the sameposition where they were generated. Most of the bubblesare concentrated in the focal region of the shock wave.The largest bubbles were observed at the peak negativepressure position in the focal area In the remaining focal

area, it was formed as relatively small bubbles. Outsidethe focal area, very small bubbles were sparsely observed.Conclusion : Cavitation bubbles produced by a singleshock wave pulse are highly correlated with the shock wavepressure at exposed location since there is no positionalmovement with time during its lifetime. Therefore, thedistribution of cavitation bubble is similar to the spatialcharacteristics of the shock wave pressure field. It is pos-sible to qualitatively analyze the shock wave pressure fieldby observing the cavitation bubble cloud which is difficultto measure.

Tue 13:00 309 Ultrasound Elasticity Imaging and Biomedical Applications 2

Towards the Goal of High Resolution, Low Noise, Low Variance Shear Wave Elastography – (Invited,

000308)

S. McAleaveyRochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound, University of Rochester, 309 Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627-0168, USA


Shear wave elastography, often described as a non-invasivemethod for quantifying mechanical properties of tissue,offers information about tissue unseen in conventional ul-trasound images. While the principle is straightforward- excite a shear wave and measure its propagation speed- there are significant challenges in reducing this data toa quantitative estimate of an underlying tissue propertyindependent of the measurement system. This contribu-tion will consider sources of measurement variance, anddescribe strategies our laboratory is developing for theirminimization. Speckle bias is a source of coherent noise inshear wave elastography that grows with increasing spa-tial resolution. The single tracking location (STL) ap-proach to eliminating this noise source and enabling high

resolution shear wave elastography will be described, witha discussion of potential clinical utility. Viscoelasticitycomplicates quantitative shear wave elastography, as shearwave speed is frequency dependent, and simple estimationof group wave speed yields system-dependent results. ASTL approach to viscoelasticity estimation (STL-VE) isdeveloped, which yields estimates with markedly reducedsensitivity to system parameters. Finally, the non-linearmechanical properties of tissue make shear wave speeds de-pendent on tissue strain. This acts both as a complicationwhen the strain is unknown, but also as a potential con-trast source when strains can be measured. We describeearly experiments with a robotic system for constant-forceshear wave speed imaging.


Ultrasound Strain Elastography to Detect Placenta Diseases – (Invited, 000023)

C. H. Yapa, S. N. Sawa, J. Y. R. Lowa, C. N. Z. Mattarb, A. Biswasb and L. Chenc

aNational University of Singapore, 8 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, 117583 Singapore, Singapore; bNational University Hospital

Systems, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore, Singapore; cSingapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd,

487372 Singapore, Singapore


Recently, ultrasound strain elastography (USEL) has beeninvestigated as a tool for detecting placenta diseases. Weexplore the use of USEL on one such disease, intrauterinegrowth restriction (IUGR), which is a prevalent (3-15%)placenta vasculopathy causing sufficient oxygen and nutri-ents transfer to the baby, and which leads to 5-10x highermortality and devastating life-long morbidities. It is im-portant to detect IUGR so that management strategy canimprove outcome, but current detection rate for IUGR ispoor, and USEL may improve this. We first performeddirect mechanical testing between normal and IUGR pla-centa, using post-delivery samples, and verified that me-chanical properties alters sufficiently during disease to befeasible for USEL detection, both in terms of viscoelas-

ticity and stiffness. Next, we performed in vitro evalu-ation of using USEL to quantitatively measure placentastiffness, using a novel protocol that included two key fea-tures. Firstly, we used an external polymeric pad of knownstiffness as the reference layer, thus avoiding the need touse maternal fats tissues as the reference layer. The latteris the current implementation of placenta USEL in clini-cal studies, and has the shortcoming of fats tissues havingsignificant variable mechanical properties from one personto the next. Secondly, we utilized motorized control ofthe USEL palpation instead of freehand/manual control.Since placenta tissue is viscoelastic, different compressionrate will lead to different material stiffness, and since it hasa non-linear stress-strain behaviour, different compression

[email protected]

[email protected]


depth will lead to different elastography results. Thusstandardizing the compression rate and depth with USELpalpation will reduce these inaccuracies and imprecision.Results showed that our protocol could correlate well with

direct mechanical testing validation, that motorized USELreduced measurement variability by 67% compared to free-hand USEL, and that there are specific compression rateand depth where USEL accuracy is enhanced.


Ultrasound-based carotid elastography for detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques validated bymagnetic resonance imaging – (Contributed, 000169)

J. LuoTsinghua University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, 100084 Beijing, China


Ultrasound-based carotid elastography has been devel-oped to estimate the mechanical properties of atheroscle-rotic plaques. The objective of this study was to evaluatethe in vivo capability of carotid elastography in vulnera-ble plaque detection using high-resolution magnetic reso-nance imaging as reference. Ultrasound radiofrequencydata were acquired in 80 carotid plaques from 52 pa-tients, mainly in the longitudinal imaging view, and ax-ial strain rate images were estimated with an ultrasoundcarotid elastography technique based on an optical flow al-gorithm. Elastographic indices based on the magnitude ofthe absolute strain rate, such as the maximum, mean, me-dian, standard deviation and 99th percentile of the axialstrain rate, were obtained as indicators for plaque clas-sification. In addition, four textural features of strainrate images, i.e., contrast, homogeneity, correlation andangular second moment, were derived based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix in plaque regions to quantify

the deformation distribution pattern. Composition mea-surement with magnetic resonance imaging identified 30plaques as vulnerable and the other 50 as stable. The fourtextural features, as well as the magnitude of strain rateimages, significantly differed between the two groups ofplaques. The best performing features for plaque classifi-cation were found to be the contrast and 99th percentile ofthe absolute strain rate, with a comparative area under thereceiver operating characteristic curve of 0.81; a slightlyhigher maximum accuracy of plaque classification can beachieved by the textural feature of contrast (83.8% vs.81.3%). The results indicate that the use of elastography-derived indices in plaque classification is feasible and thatlarger local deformations and higher level of complexity indeformation patterns (associated with the elastic or stiff-ness heterogeneity of plaque tissues) are more likely tooccur in vulnerable plaques.


Ultra-high Frequency Shear wave elastogrpahy for Human Finger Tendon – (Contributed, 000274)

C.-C. Huang and Y.-Y. HsiaoNational Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University rd., 70101 Tainan, Taiwan


The stiffness of hand tendon is highly relative to handfunctionality. In many research, shear wave elastographyis an effective way to evaluate tendon elasticity on differ-ent position. However, some tendon with a few of mmthickness require high frequency ultrasound with high res-olution. The purpose of the study is to obtain humanfinger tendon elasticity map using high frequency ultra-sound elastography. The experiment method is transientelastography. External vibrator connected with 40MHzultrasound array transducer to generate vibration. When

the vibration transmit to skin surface, transducer recordshear wave propagation with acquisition time 50 msec (200frames) at a 4000 Hz repetition rate. Wave propagationvideo was computed from the difference between receivedIQ signals in each frame and then processed by directionalfilter to eliminate reflected wave for different tissue lay-ers. The shear wave velocity can be obtained by normalizecross correlation. Finally, tissue stiffness distribution wasconverted from velocity map according to the relationshipbetween shear wave velocity and young’s modulus.

Tue 15:00 304A Memorial Session for Leif Bjørnø

The underwater sounds of precipitation – (Invited, 000049)

L. A. CrumRetired, 4662 175th AVE SE, Brllevue, 98006, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


When an impacting raindrop strikes the surface of a pud-dle of water, the ”plunk” that we hear is familiar to usall. Yet, for over a century, the origin of this noise hadeither been unknown or misunderstood. In our generalstudies of ambient noise in the ocean, my colleagues andI undertook an investigation of the underwater sounds ofprecipitation in order that we might use background noisemeasurements to monitor global precipitation patterns.Because the great majority of precipitation occurs overthe oceans, where weather stations are sparsely located,

little is known about these patterns and the effect of ex-pected global warming on the distribution and intensityof precipitation. We discovered that the origin of most ofthe noise of impacting raindrops, hailstones and, yes, evensnowflakes, is a gas bubble that is entrained during im-pact. When I shared my thoughts on this topic with LeifBjorno, he enthusiastically got involved and we publishedsome interesting papers on the subject. In this presenta-tion, I will review this topic in general and relate some ofmy impressions of this great man.


Nonlinear Problems in the Generation, Propagation and Measurement of High Intensity UltrasonicWaves in Air – (Invited, 000112)

J.A. Gallego-Juareza, E. Rieraa and L. Gaete-Garretonb

aITEFI ”L. Torres Quevedo”, CSIC, Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid Madrid, Spain; bUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, Av Ecuador 3493,

Estacion Central, Santiago, Chile, 9170124 Santiago, Chile


This paper in memory of Leif Bjorno deals with the non-linear acoustic problems linked to high-intensity ultrason-ics, an area that he deeply cultivated. The generation,propagation and measurement of high intensity ultrasonicwaves in air is highly conditioned by the nonlinearitiesthat are inherent with high intensities such as wave dis-tortion and saturation. Particularly in air the propagationof high-intensity ultrasonic waves is greatly affected by thestrong non-linearity introduced by the medium itself whichnotably limits the attainable acoustic pressure levels. On

the other hand the power capacity of the sources is alsolimited by nonlinear effects such as the modal interactionsand fatigue failure of its components. Finally, the charac-terization and measurement of the acoustic field of finiteamplitude waves by means of probes of very small diam-eter with respect to the wavelength poses specific issueson the signal capture and the distortion introduced bythe probe itself. All these problems will be reported andanalysed in this paper in light of the experimental workdeveloped, partly in collaboration with Leif Bjorno.


Leif Bjørnø and International Ultrasonics Conferences – (Invited, 000329)

W. SachseSibley School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1502, USA


Leif Bjørnø was an essential force from near the beginningof the Ultrasonics International (UI) conference series in1972. And he was a key person in 1993 in formulatingthe ideas for the World Congress on Ultrasonics (WCU).While the UI conferences continued, the WCU held sep-arate conferences six times. But by 2009 it became clearto Leif Bjørnø and others that a merger of the UI con-ferences and the WCU conferences into one conferenceseries would be beneficial to the world-wide ultrasonicscommunity. The result of this merger is the International

Congress on Ultrasonics, (ICU) which we have now. LeifBjørnø and others played an essential role in these devel-opments.

In 2009 the Board of the ICU had the idea that a his-tory of these conferences would be a useful document andasked Leif Bjørnø and Wolfgang Sachse to prepare such.It is still not complete but this talk will provide historicalinsight to the international ultrasonics conference we havetoday.


Professor Leif Bjørnø - Recollection – (Invited, 000330)

B. Linde and A. SliwinskiUniversity of Gdansk, Bazynskiego 8, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


A short recollection on more than 50 years of authors’contacts and cooperation with Professor Leif Bjørnø in thefield of ultrasonics and hydroacoustics is presented. He hasbeen the highly recognized within the Polish acousticianswho had opportunity to host him in Poland many times

and duly appreciate his contributions and achievementsin acoustics. It has been a great loss of such an eminentscientist for our acoustics community. He will long be re-membered as a wonderful man and a good friend for all ofus.

Tue 15:00 306 Biomedical Ultrasound

Acoustic Impedance Imaging Conversion From B mode (Detection of early aging alteration in humanfacial skin) – (Contributed, 000043)

Y. Oguraa, T. Kondob, T. W. Cheanc, S. Yoshidab, K. Kobayashid, N. Hozumib and O. Yukiaashiseido global innovation center, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan; bToyohashi University

of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Japan; cToyohashi University of Technology, 1-1

Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho Toyohasui, 441-8580 Toyohashi, Indonesia; dHonda Electronics, 20 koyamazuka ooiwa-cho toyohashi, 441-

3193 Toyohashi, Japan


B-mode is a traditional method to diagnosis from the mor-phology based on reflection intensity of the echo. In thisstudy, we examined the conversion of B-mode image intoacoustic impedance image (B to Z). Time domain reflec-tometry theory and transmission line model are used asreference in the calculation. The theoretical backgroundof B to Z method is similar to Z to B method. Howeverthe calculation is in the opposite way. Significant scatter,refraction and attenuation were assumed to be not takingplace thorough propagation of ultrasonic wave and hencethey were ignored in both calculations. In this report,human cheek skin was used to determine the feasibility

of both analysis methods respectively. Some good resultsare obtained and hence both methods showed possibilityin studying acoustic properties of B-mode images. And wealso found that this method was able to observe the earlyaging changes in human facial skin. That is the youngersubjects have a more uniform distribution of acousticimpedance than elder subject. These results clearly in-dicate that this method is highly promising for evaluationof early age-dependent structural alteration which was dif-ficult with B-mode measurement, and provide a new diag-nostic method for human facial skin.


Ultrasound heating induced in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles – (Contributed, 000077)

A. Jozefczak, K. Kaczmarek, T. Hornowski and R. BielasAdam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland


One of the medical applications of ultrasound is the thera-peutic heating of tissue - hyperthermia and ablation ther-apies. The effectiveness of ultrasonic irradiation in ther-mal therapy can be significantly improved by using the so-called sonosensitizers dispersed in heating tissue. It hap-pens because they greatly increase attenuation of ultra-sonic waves and then dissipate this acquired energy in theform of additional heat. One possible candidate for suchsonosensitizers are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanopar-

ticles (SPIONs) coated with a biocompatible shell. Theobjective of this study is to assess the utility of magneticnanoparticles usage during ultrasound hyperthermia dueto enhancement of heating at low powers. The effect ofSPIONs concentration on heating rate was experimentallyand theoretically investigated in tissue-mimicking phan-tom using an ultrasound system with planar transducer.This work was supported by a Polish National ScienceCentre grant, no DEC-2015/17/B/ST7/03566.


Implementation of backend processing system for real-time intravascular ultrasound imaging – (Contributed,

000137)

J.-W. Parka and J. H. Changb,c,daSogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, K205A, 35, Baekbeom-ro, KS013 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of

Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Biomedical

Engineering, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; dSogang Institutes of Advanced Tech-

nology, Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging systems are gen-erally equipped with either 20 MHz or 40 MHz ultrasoundtransducers. Recently, IVUS transducers with a centerfrequency higher than 60 MHz have been developed toimprove spatial resolution. To take full advantage of thehigh frequency IVUS transducers in clinics, IVUS imagingsystems should be compact and their backend processingsystem should be able to extract clinically useful informa-tion from echo samples digitized at a sampling frequencyof 250 MHz or higher. In this presentation, we report a re-cently developed real-time backend processing system thatconsists of DC-canceller, digital time gain compensator(DTGC), envelope detector, logarithmic compressor, anddigital scan converter. This backend processing systemwas designed and implemented in a field programmable

gate array (FPGA) to operate without signal processingerrors at 250 MHz. In particular, a new implementationstrategy for DSC was developed to reduce hardware logicsize as well as decrease operating time, thus reducing thelogic size to 12.5%. The accuracy of the developed systemwas verified by comparing the image data computed by aMATLAB program with those from the system; the differ-ence between the two data sets was zero. Additionally, theprocessing time of this system was measured at 33 framesper second under the conditions of 1024 scanlines and 250MHz clock frequency. As a result, the real-time backendprocessing system was developed using as few hardwarelogic as possible, so that it is suitable for small size IVUSsystems operating at 250 MHz or higher.


Design of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer transducers for intravascular ultrasound tissue harmonicimaging – (Contributed, 000145)

S. Parka, J. Leeb and J. H. Changb,c,daSogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, K205A, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Electronic Engineering,

Sogang University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang

University, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; dSogang Institutes of Advanced Technology, Sogang Univer-

sity, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea


Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging is conducted byinserting a high-frequency (> 20 MHz) ultrasound trans-ducer into a blood vessel and rotating it to obtain im-age data. For accurate diagnosis of atherosclerosis, IVUSimaging should be capable of high spatial resolution (<65 µm) and deep imaging depth (> 4 mm). However,ultrasound imaging depth is generally decreased as ultra-sound frequency increases although spatial resolution isimproved. Tissue harmonic imaging techniques may beused to achieve both requirements. The problem hereis that it is impractical to use a tissue harmonic imag-ing technique for IVUS imaging because the general IVUStransducers have a narrow bandwidth, such as a fractionbandwidth less than 50%. In this presentation, we showthe possibility of PZT and PVDF-based dual-layer trans-ducers for IVUS tissue harmonic imaging through finiteelement method (FEM) simulation.

In the proposed dual-layer transducer, a PZT-based ultra-sound generator is placed on the lower layer and a PVDF-based second harmonic receiver is on the upper layer. Tosecure the required imaging depth, the ultrasound gen-erator was designed for a center frequency of 31 MHz.The center frequency of the receiver was determined at 78MHz. The unique structure of the proposed transducer isthat the PVDF acts as an acoustic matching layer for thePZT as well as a receiver because its acoustic impedance isabout 2.52 Mrayls. FEM simulation results showed thatthe PZT-based generator has the ability to produce 30MHz ultrasound and the PVDF-based receiver is capableof receiving a sufficiently large second harmonic signal of70 MHz for tissue harmonic imaging. As a future work,we will fabricate the designed dual-layer transducer andverify its performance through phantom imaging and exvivo experiments.


Prediction and Measurement of Temperature Rise Induced by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound inTissue-Mimicking Phantoms – (Contributed, 000146)

K. I. Leea, H. S. Kangb and S. W. Yoonc

aKangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; bSungKyunKwan University, 2066, SEOBU-RO,

JANGAN-GU, KS002 Suwon, Republic of Korea; cSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon, Republic of

Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]


High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been suc-cessfully used to destroy pathological tissue deep insidethe body without any damage to the surrounding normaltissue. Viscous absorption of the acoustic energy withinthe focal volume induces high temperatures at the focalspot, and the volume of destroyed tissue is referred to asa lesion. The present study aims to predict the tempera-ture rise induced by HIFU in tissues to ensure the safetyand efficacy of HIFU thermal therapies. With the help ofa MATLAB-based software package developed for HIFUsimulation, the HIFU field in water was simulated by solv-ing the axisymmetric Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov(KZK) equation from the frequency-domain perspective,

and the temperature rise induced by HIFU in tissue-mimicking phantoms was simulated by solving Pennes’bioheat transfer (BHT) equation. In order to verify thesimulation results, we performed in-vitro thermal ablationexperiments on tissue-mimicking phantoms in water by us-ing a single-element, spherically focused HIFU transducer.The temperature rise near the focal spot predicted fromthe HIFU simulator showed good agreement with thosefrom the in-vitro experiments. This confirms that theHIFU simulator based on the KZK and the BHT equa-tions captures the temperature rise induced by HIFU intissues well enough to make it suitable for HIFU treatmentplanning.


Multi-angular vector flow imaging (mVFI) for accurate, reliable vector Doppler estimation – (Contributed,

000156)

J. H. Jeonga, S. Yeoa, C. Yoonb and T.-K. SongaaSogang University, R806, 35, Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of, 04107 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bUnje University, 197

Inje-ro, Eobang-dong, A-110, 50834 Gimhae, Republic of Korea


Ultrasound vector flow imaging (VFI) has shown promis-ing potential in cardiovascular applications. However, pre-vious VFI methods used a single plane wave excitation ateach tilted angle (typically, -10Æ and 10Æ), limitingthe spatial resolution and the sensitivity of VFI. Planewave compounding frequently used in shear wave electrog-raphy and ultrafast Doppler imaging overcomes these lim-

itations, but it reduces a pulse repetition frequency by afactor of the number of compounding angles. Thus, thisstudy introduces a compounding strategy in VFI referredto as multi-angular VFI (mVFI) to utilize the benefits ofplane wave compounding in VFI while maintaining thePRF.


Transcranial passive acoustic mapping with thin tube phantom using CT-based skull aberration cor-rection: a preliminary study – (Contributed, 000176)

C. Jina, C. W. Jinb and J. Parka

aDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 701-310 701-310, Republic of Korea; bDaegu-

Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, Korea, 701-310 Daegu, Republic of Korea


The passive acoustic mapping (PAM) using an arrayreceiver allows to images bubbles activity without thesynchronized interaction with therapeutic systems. Theimpedance mismatching between skull bone and water,or brain tissue, significantly alters the phase of the emit-ted bubble signals. The compensation of skull-inducedaberration is desirable to improve the feasibility of tran-scranial PAM (TcPAM). To visualize the microbubble os-cillation through human skull noninvasively, we presenta CT-based compensation to correct skull induced aber-ration to TcPAM. In the present work, acoustic cavita-tion from activated micro-bubble fluid in a thin tube wasrecorded using a conventional linear ultrasound-imagingprobe. A collected human skull cap was placed betweencavitation source and receiver array. The skull and lineararray was fastened on a 3D printed holder and a 3D CTscan was performed for later registration. The CT-based

skull-specific aberration to corresponding array elementwas computed prior to the PAM. A coherent factor wascombined to the time exposure acoustic (TEA) mappingalgorithm in order to suppress the incoherence signals. Asthe simulation result, an average of 0.8 mm source shiftby skull was compensated to less than 0.2 mm using CTbased TcPAM. The spatial correlation between peak pixellocation in reconstructed TcPAM and tube cross-sectionin ultrasound imaging which scanned prior to the skullplacement was quantified. The result suggests that Tc-PAM can effectively compensate the localization error onlateral axis. The proposed TcPAM approach can providea physically accurate framework for developing a compre-hensive treatment guidance for therapeutic applicationsof acoustic cavitation in the brain. The real-time TcPAMand in-vivo animal experiment will be carried in the futurestudy.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Lens design simulation and fabrication of Carbon Nano Tube transducer for transcranial applications– (Contributed, 000232)

C. Leea, D.-G. Paengb and K. HacaJeju National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ, 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; bJeju

National University, Department of Ocean system Engineering, Jeju National Univ., 63243 Jeju, Republic of Korea; cPukyong National

University, Department of Physics, Pukyong National Univ., 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea


Recently, laser-generated a carbon nanotube (CNT) trans-ducer was known to generate shock waves which couldbe transmitted through the human skull. In this study,we propose a skull-specific acoustic lens design for a fo-cused CNT transducer. This study is a proof-of-conceptfor acoustic lens design using PZFlex software. FocusedCNT transducer radius curvature is 5cm with #F=0.62.The square part of the cortical skull layer of a thicknessof 2mm was located 3.3cm away from the transducer sur-face and its density of 2800kg/m3 and sound speed of 3000m/s and attenuation of np/cm at 1MHz which were com-puted from Computed Tomography (CT) data was used.The shape of the acoustic lens was designed using a plas-tic material, TPX-DX845 and its density and sound speedare 2220m/s and 830kg/m3, respectively. The focal changewas observed after transmission of the skull with and with-out the acoustic lens and compared with the focus in a free

field. Continuous wave of 1MHz was sonicated from thefocused transducer for simulation. Results show that thefocal distance is 5.6cm with maximum pressure of 3.04Paand the major and minor axes of the focus are 0.25cmand 0.095cm, respectively, in a free field. The focus wasshifted toward the transducer surface by 0.66cm with halfof peak pressure and the major and minor axes are largerto 0.375cm and 0.11cm, respectively. With the lens, focuswas moved closer toward the free field focal distance withrelatively larger peak pressure and its major and minoraxes of 0.26cm and 0.09cm, respectively. The proof-of-concept simulation results demonstrated that the skull-specific acoustic lens could be designed to compensate thefocal distortion. In the future, fabrication of the acousticlens optimized by simulation, the experimental measure-ment will be performed by focused CNT transducer withthe optimized lens.


Difference of Acoustic Emission Eignal between Transcranial and Skull-less Brain while Blood-BrainBarrier Dsruption in a Rat Brain – (Contributed, 000253)

Y. Hur, M. Han, J. Yang, C. Jin and J. ParkDaegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 701-310 701-310, Republic of Korea


Focused ultrasound(FUS) with microbubbles could dis-rupt blood-brain barrier (BBB) non-thermally and non-invasively. Monitoring transcranial cavitation signal isconsidered as an essential technology to safely disruptBBB without brain damage. In this study, we have de-tected the cavitation signal between transcranial brainand skull-less brain while FUS-induced BBB disruption.A preclinical MR-guided FUS system (RK-100, FUS In-struments, Toronto, Canada) system was used to disruptBBB in rat brain. Two targets in brain (caudate puta-men, thalamus) were sonicated with spherically curved fo-cused transducer (1.1 MHz resonant frequency). Whiledisrupting the BBB, cavitation signals were also detectedby sharply tuned passive cavitation detector (PCD, res-onant frequency 550 kHz). In addition, BBB disruptionmeasured by T1-weighted and T2-weigthed MR imageswith 9.4 preclinical MRI (BioSpec 94/20 USR, Bruker,Billerica, MA, USA) was facilitated as image guidance forthe FUS system. We had a success all induced regions.

The stable cavitation dose with subharmonic index andSNR calculated by MR ROI were used as consistent fac-tor. The quantification of cavitation index and SNR in thisstudy is based on the detected signals, emitted by acousticcavitation and BBB disruption. The loss of acoustic emis-sion index attenuated acoustic pressure by rat skull had astrength of 2.28 at caudate putamen with skull, 8.4 cau-date putamen without skull, 3.8 thalamus with skull, 6.7thalamus without skull. And according to different vari-ation, snr of two region is 17.1 at caudate putamen withskull, 25.3 caudate putamen without skull, 19.5 thalamuswith skull, 22.9 thalamus without skull. In conclusion,each region shows that difference acoustic emission andBBB opening depending on the degree of skull attenua-tion in the brain region. Further study,the attenuation ofthe CT-based skull data according to the brain region ismeasured and the correlation between the acoustic cavi-tation and the brain region will be investigated.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Transmit Sequence Optimization for Motion Corrected 3D Diverging Wave Compounding: A Simula-tion Study – (Contributed, 000256)

Y. Chena, J. D’Hoogeb and J. LuoaaTsinghua University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, 100084 Beijing, China; bKU Leuven, Laboratory

of Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium


High frame rate volumetric imaging based on 3D diverg-ing wave compounding (DWC) was recently demonstratedto be feasible. However, when visualizing moving targets,the image quality deteriorates quickly due to phase in-coherence in the compounding process. To mitigate thisproblem, a Doppler-based motion-compensation (MoCo)method was recently proposed for DWC in 2D, where a”triangular” transmit sequence was used to limit side-lobecoherence while ensuring robust motion estimates. Un-fortunately, the extension of such method to 3D is notstraightforward. The aim of this study was therefore tocontrast different scan sequences by computer simulationsin order to enable MoCo in 3D DWC. A 32×32 elementmatrix array was simulated in Field II. For DWC, an arrayof 5×5 virtual sources was placed behind the probe, witheach source corresponding to a 16×16 effective transmitsub-aperture and generating a 3D diverging wave with a60 opening angle. In analogy to 2D DWC, a ”round-

trip” scan sequence was designed to estimate the Dopplervelocity by combining the phase shifts obtained in theforward and backward trips respectively. Four scan se-quences (i.e., Spiral, Parallel, Diagonal and Random) weretested by imaging a cystic phantom in a static state andin motion along the axial direction at 10 cm/s, respec-tively. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the cysticregion was quantified before and after MoCo. In staticconditions, the CNR was 5.74 for all sequences tested. Al-though the images deteriorated to a different extent fordifferent sequences, they were successfully restored withMoCo. The CNRs increased from [4.10, 2.19, 3.65, 3.65]to [4.63, 4.88, 5.39, 4.37] after MoCo for the Spiral, Paral-lel, Diagonal and Random sequences respectively. To con-clude, several ”round-trip” scan sequences were shown toenable Doppler-based MoCo 3D DWC. And the Diagonal-shape configuration obtained the best performance.


Characteristics of high intensity and high frequency ultrasonic transducers using hydrothermal epitaxialpiezoelectric films – (Contributed, 000286)

M. Ishikawaa, Y. Uchidaa, T. Shiraishib, M. Tabaruc, H. Funakuboc and M. KurosawacaToin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kuoroganecho Aobaku Yokohama, 225-8503 Yokohama, Japan; bInstitute for Materials Re-

search, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan; cTokyo Institute of Technology, J2-1508, 4259

Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502 Yokohama, Japan


The ultrasonic transducer using hydrothermal piezoelec-tric films has excellent characteristics for large vibrationvelocity driving and high intensity ultrasonic radiation inwater. The vibration velocity of surface of the piezo-electric films was measured by LDV at thickness vibra-tion mode. And then, radiated ultrasound pressure fromthe prototype ultrasonic transducer was measured by hy-drophone at the resonance frequency of thickness vibrationmode. The amplitude of vibration velocity was 4m/s atresonant frequency. This vibration velocity was very largevalue compared by the other piezoelectric materials. Andthe radiation ultrasound-pressure was 4MPa at 10 MHz.This value was very high ultrasound and enough value forseveral high intensity ultrasonic applications. Addition-

ally, cavitation occurred on ultrasonic propagation area byhigh intensity ultrasonic radiation. Moreover, a relativelyrapid rectilinear acoustic streaming was appeared whenprototype ultrasonic transducer drove with applied volt-age of continuous wave. A laminar velocity was approxi-mately 4mm/s in water. Therefore an acoustic radiationpressure from prototype ultrasonic transducer was calcu-lated and the resultant was 230kPa. These results werevery high intensity at high frequency. Consequently thehydrothermal KNbO3 thick film is usefulness for medicalapplications. And the reason of why it is able to radi-ate for high intensity ultrasound at high frequency will bediscussed in this presentation.


A Preliminary Study To Investigate The Accuracy Of Ultrasound To Assess Alveolar Bone Level –(Contributed, 000301)

K.-C. T. Nguyena, L. H. Lea, N. R. Kaipaturb, E. H. Louc and M. W. MajorbaDepartment of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V2; bDepartment of

[email protected]

[email protected]


Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1C9; cDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University

of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9


Periodontal disease is an endemic gum disease showingincreasing prevalence with age and affecting up to 90%of the world population. Severe periodontitis results ineventual tooth loss due to gradual weakening and loss oftooth- supporting periodontium. Periodontal disease sta-tus can be monitored by invasive and non-invasive clinicaltechniques. The invasive methods tend to cause iatro-genic damage to gingival tissues. The conventional non-invasive methods, such as X-ray imaging and CBCT, in-crease patient’s radiation risk due to exposure to ionizingradiation. Ultrasonography uses high-frequency mechan-ical waves to study internal structures. Besides the ad-vantages of portability and cost-effectiveness, ultrasoundtechnique has no ionizing radiation. The objective of thispreliminary work is to examine the accuracy of ultrasoundtechnique in evaluating the alveolar bone level againstthe gold standards - direct measurement and micro-CT.Four center incisors were harvested from two 6-month- oldporcine mandibles. The distance from cemento-enamel

junction to alveolar bone crest was measured at the fa-cial surface close to the lip. The ultrasound scanning onthe mandibles was performed using a medical ultrasonicphased array system (SonixTablet, Analogic, Canada)with a 20-MHz 128-element probe. Then the samples werescanned by a micro-CT scanner (SkyScan 1176, BrukerMicro-CT, Belgium) with 18-µm resolution setting. It wasfollowed by direct using a digital caliper with a resolutionof 0.01 mm. The micro-CT and ultrasound measurementswere performed using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer (Medix-ant, Poland). The absolute mean error percentages be-tween ultrasound and direct measurement/micro-CT were4.7% and 2.6%, respectively. This study was conducted toinvestigate the accuracy of phased array high-frequency ul-trasound as a diagnostic tool for periodontal assessment.The preliminary results demonstrate a strong agreementof ultrasound with the direct measurement and micro-CT.A larger sample size is required to further validate the re-liability of the ultrasound method in the future studies.


Focused Ultrasound Ablation of Liver Tumor: Model Development and Simulation – (Contributed,

000321)

S. Maxima and T. W. Sheub

aNational Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, 35053 Zhunan, Taiwan; bNational Taiwan University, Department of

Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan


High intensity focused ultrasound is a rapidly developingtechnology for the ablation of tumors. Liver cancer is oneof the most common malignancies worldwide. Since liverhas a large number of blood vessels, blood flow cooling canreduce the necrosed volume and may cause regenerationof the tumor to occur. Another problem is associated withthe presence of the rib cage and propagation of ultrasoundthrough inhomogeneous medium.A three dimensional computational model is presented forthe treatment planning of liver tumor ablation in a pa-tient specific geometry. The proposed model comprises thenonlinear Westervelt equation with relaxation effects be-ing taken into account and bioheat equations in liver andblood vessels. The nonlinear hemodynamic equations arealso considered with the convected cooling and acousticstreaming effects being taken into account. Since modeling

of acoustics wave propagation in heterogeneous medium isvery time consuming task, the high- perfomance solver us-ing multiple GPUs has been developed.For the validation of the proposed numerical model in-vivoanimal experiments have been performed. Importance ofblood flow cooling on the temperature elevation duringfocused ultrasound therapy has been studied both numer-ically and experimentally. It was found that in large bloodvessel both convective cooling and acoustic streaming canchange the temperature considerably near blood vessel.The whole tumor ablation took only 30 seconds in theconsidered simulation case, which is very small comparingwith the current treatment time of several hours. Throughthis study we are convinced that high ultrasound powerand nonlinear propagation effects with appropriate treat-ment planning can sufficiently reduce the treatment time.


Visualization Experiment of Frequency Dependent Attenuation of Tissue by Multi-Spectral Phase-Contrast Imaging – (Contributed, 000324)

S. Ishikuraa, N. Tagawab, M. Yoshizawac and T. IriedaTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan; bTokyo

Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan; cTokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology,

8-17-1 Minamisenju Arakawa-ku Tokyo, Japan, 191-8523 Tokyo, Japan; dMicrosonic Co, Ltd., 3-10-18 Hontyou Kokubunji-shi Tokyo

[email protected]

[email protected]


185-0012 Japan, 185-8523 Tokyo, Japan


The current pathologic diagnosis is very time consuminguntil results are known. In particular, pathological exami-nation during surgery increases the burden on the patientbecause it needs to be examined microscopically after cellstaining. Therefore, in the medical field, shortening ofthe operation time and reduction of the number of oper-ations are required. In order to solve this problem, weare developing a puncture needle-type ultrasonic micro-scope system that enables real time definite diagnosis oftissue by endoscopic ultrasonic examination. We previ-ously demonstrated an imaging method to determine thephase difference of the acoustic complex impedance. Thisimaging method is based on the phase contrast microscopyas a principle and makes it possible to observe cells with-out staining. To use this imaging method for pathological

diagnosis, more information must be displayed in the im-age to make it possible to distinguish cancer tissue fromnormal tissue. As is well known, the frequency depen-dence of scattering depends on the shape and distributionof the scatterer. In addition, the frequency dependenceof attenuation due to viscosity and elasticity depends onthe type of elastic body and the amount of oil containedtherein. The ability to display difference in frequencydependence as images can provide useful information forpathological diagnosis. In this study, a demonstration ex-periment of the multispectral phase-contrast imaging ofacoustic impedance was performed using processed meatas a sample similar to the living tissue assumed for clinicalapplication.

Tue 15:00 306 Emerging Fields

Side-Lobe Suppression for Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Sensors Attached on the Back Side of AutomobileBumpers – (Contributed, 000092)

K. Ibata, R. Hara, T. Kimura, Y. Nishioka, N. Yoneda and S. InoueMITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION, 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura, 247-8501 Kanagawa, Japan


Recently, preventive safety systems for automobiles suchas collision avoidance and parking assistance systems haveevolved considerably and have become prevalent. Obstacledetection devices for parking assistance systems typicallymake use of air-coupled ultrasonic sensors because theyare inexpensive and simplify the configuration of the sys-tems. Ultrasonic sensors are usually attached to automo-biles through through-holes in their bumpers. However,productivity decreases in this configuration because addi-tional processing is necessary to create through-holes inthe bumper. Moreover, the final product has a bad ap-

pearance because the radiation surface of the ultrasonicsensor is easily visible from the outside. For these rea-sons, new structures with ultrasonic sensors attached onthe back side of bumpers without through-holes are be-ing considered. However, the directional characteristicsof ultrasonic waves radiated from these structures are ex-pected to be affected by the bumper. In this paper, thesedirectional characteristics are examined and a method forcontrolling the directivity of the ultrasonic waves is pro-posed.

Tue 15:00 306 Emerging Fields

T-shaped configuration of multi-frequency acoustic camera and visualization in air – (Contributed,

000210)

M. Fujii and K. NakamuraTokyo Institute of Technology, R2-26, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, 226-8503 Yokohama, Japan


Visualizations of objects using sound waves have been per-formed for a long time, including medical ultrasound andunderwater applications. In air, visualization of noisesource is also progressing. We have proposed acousticcamera utilizing multiple frequencies in air focusing on therich frequency information rather than the spatial resolu-tion. In this report, we discuss a hardware constructionusing one-dimensional transmitter array and receiver ar-ray placed in T-shape. The transmission beam width is

40 mm, while the receiving beam width is 80 mm, whichare equal to 4.7 times and 9.4 times of the wavelength.Three frequencies, 38.0, 39.5, and 41.0 kHz, are used inthis study, and RGB color representation method is pro-posed to display the output of the multi-frequency acousticcamera. Visualization using the proposed acoustic camerais demonstrated for several examples. Differences in irreg-ularities of object surface and differences in materials andthickness of the object were obtained.

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Tue 15:00 306 Industrial Ultrasound

An Ultrasonic Vibration System Used in Friction Stir Welding – (Contributed, 000008)

B. Fu, W. Zhang and G. ZhouSchool of Manufacturing Sci. and Eng., Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065 Chengdu, China


Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining tech-nology for low melting metal such as aluminum. It hasfound important application in the fields of industries likeaerospace, automotive, and etc.. In order to improve weld-ing quality of workpieces, an ultrasonic vibration systemwhich can superimpose longitudinal-torsional vibration onthe tool of FSW is proposed. The longitudinal vibrationis produced by the 20 kHz piezoelectric Langevin-typetransducer. The longitudinal-torsional vibration convertertransforms some of the amplified longitudinal vibrationinto torsional vibration and elliptical loci vibration can be

obtained at the shoulder of the tool. The initial dimen-sions of the ultrasonic vibration system were calculated bymeans of transfer matrix methods. The vibration charac-teristics of the ultrasonic vibration system were analyzedby ANSYS software and optimized dimensions were ob-tained. The FSW experiments assisted by this ultrasonicvibration system were performed. Results show the pro-posed ultrasonic vibration system can strengthen micro-plastic flow of the weld zone and increase the mixing in-tensity. The better welding quality is achieved.


HiFFUTs for High Temperature Ultrasound – (Contributed, 000020)

A. Feeneya, L. Kangb and S. Dixona

aUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK; bUniversity of Warwick, Physics

Department, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK


Flexural ultrasonic transducers have been widely used asproximity sensors and industrial metrology systems. How-ever, there is demand from industry for these transducersto have the capability to operate in both liquid and gas,at temperatures exceeding 200C, significantly higher thanthe ambient conditions currently experienced by conven-tional flexural transducers. Furthermore, flexural trans-ducers tend to be designed for operation up to around50 kHz, and the ability to operate at higher frequencieswill open up new application and research areas. A lim-itation of current flexural transducers is the electrome-

chanical driving element, usually a lead zirconate titanatepiezoelectric ceramic, which experiences reduced perfor-mance as temperature is increased, and is not generallyrecommended for use above approximately 150C. Thisinvestigation proposes a new type of flexural transducer,the HiFFUT, a high-frequency flexural ultrasonic trans-ducer, comprising a bismuth titanate ceramic for opera-tion at high temperatures. The dynamic characteristicsof the HiFFUT are studied as a function of environmen-tal temperature, providing insight into its usefulness forindustrial applications.


An ultrasonic motor using transmission line and a spring washer driven by a Langevin transducer –(Contributed, 000074)

T. Ishii, M. Mochizuki and T. ShimizuUniversity of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, 4008511 Kofu, Japan


An ultrasonic micro-motor usually has small torque be-cause of its small size of the transducer. If large sizedtransducer is used for driving small sized output part, wecan expect better motor characteristics. In this research,a Langevin transducer with 30 mm in diameter was usedto excite the driving vibration and its vibration is trans-mitted through the transmission line of 1 mm in diameter.A simple pipe is used for the rotor and its outer and innerdiameters are 5 mm and 2 mm, respectively. The drivingvibration excited by the Langevin transducer is amplifiedby the stepped horn and that vibration is travelled through

the thin transmission line of 1 mm in diameter. Since anultrasonic motor needs elliptic motion to drive the rotor,part of the longitudinal vibration has to be converted tothe torsional vibration. A spiral structure is used to con-vert the vibration mode. A spring washer is used for modeconversion and preload is provided by this spring washer atthe same time. The outer diameter of the spring washeris 4 mm. The driving frequency is about 49.6 kHz andthe preload by the spring washer is about 8 N. The rota-tion of the rotor was successfully achieved. Some motorcharacteristics were obtained. The maximum revolution

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


speed was 353 r.p.m. at applied voltage of 50 Vp-p, themaximum torque was 0.245 mNm at applied voltage of 30

and 50 Vp-p, and the maximum efficiency was 0.048 % atapplied voltage of 20 and 30 Vp-p.


Material Parameter Identification of a Piezoelectric Disc with Triple-Ring-Electrodes for IncreasedSensitivity – (Contributed, 000168)

B. Jurgelucks, N. Feldmann, L. Claes, A. Walther and B. HenningPaderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany


A complete characterisation of piezo ceramic materialstypically requires several differently processed specimen.Since the results of all these measurements are combinedto form one single set of material parameters, inconsisten-cies occur naturally. The problem when considering onlyone specimen is the lack of sensitivity for several mate-rial parameters. Therefore, a triple-ring-electrode set-upis presented that is optimised to balance the sensitivity ofthe frequency dependent impedance for the full set of ma-terial parameters. This specific set-up allows is designed tocharacterise the material properties using only one speci-men, hence reaching consistent material parameters whilestill aiming to be sufficiently sensitive to each parameter.This more complex set-up calls for a FEM-based inverseproblem, that makes it possible to find parameters thatfit the measured impedance. The used optimisation forsolving the inverse problem itself needs satisfying initial

values as well as gradient information. The initial val-ues can be estimated from measurements using simplergeometries. The needed derivatives are calculated usingAlgorithmic Differentiation that has been implemented inthe FEM software. Algorithmic Differentiation has theadvantage that no further function evaluations are needed(like e.g. when using finite differences) and the resultingderivatives are accurate to working precision. Since theevaluation of the FEM model is the most time consum-ing part in the optimisation and the number of iterationscrucially depends on the accuracy of the derivatives, usingAlgorithmic Differentiation yields a great advantage in theoptimisation process. The whole optimisation procedureis described exemplarily for one specimen of PIC255 (PIceramic, Lederhose, Germany) leading to feasible materialparameters.


Impregnation of liquid droplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves – (Contributed, 000228)

R. Nakayama, T. Asami and H. MiuraNihon University, 8-14, Kanda-Surugadai 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8308 Tokyo, Japan


The technique, which metal meshes are impregnated witha liquid, is seeked in a wide range of applications suchas coating conveyor belt mesh or insulation with fluorine.Improvement of the wettability of the solid surface is re-quired when it is impregnating, and one of the methodis using an ultrasonic waves. However, the traditionalmethod is that the ultrasonic vibration source is broughtinto contact with a solid, and impregnation with the liq-uid having a high viscosity is difficult, so that it is notversatile. Therefore, in this research, as a new method topromote impregnation of liquid, we aim to impregnate adroplet in non-contact by aerial ultrasonic waves. Irradi-ation with powerful aerial ultrasonic waves can improvethe wettability of meshes for the liquid. We have been de-veloping a non-contact method for impregnating materi-als with a liquid droplet by using aerial ultrasonic waves.

In this study, we investigated impregnation of a dropletby using a sound waveguide to irradiate ultrasound effi-ciently. As the results, it was found that the droplet ismore likely to be impregnated into the mesh as the liquidvolume and the input power are larger. This reason is thatthe gravity on the droplet increases and the acoustic radia-tion force applied to the droplet increases by the ultrasonicwave. Moreover, it was found that the area of impregnat-ing metal mesh with the droplet becomes about the sameas the size of the hole of the sound waveguide, and it islarger than no using this waveguide. Furthermore, it waspossible to impregnate with less power in the case of usinga sound waveguide than no using it. From these results, itwas found that the droplet can be efficiently impregnatedby using a sound waveguide.


Measurement of the flexoelectric coefficient for bulk barium titanate under one-dimension shock wave– (Contributed, 000270)

[email protected]

[email protected]


T. HuXi’an Jiaotong University, No.28 Xianning West Road Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, 710049 Xi’An, China


In this paper, the mechanism of polarization under one-dimension shock wave was described, which is the straingradient at the shock front resulting in flexoelectric effectand the release of charges. Then, we controlled the first-order hydrogen gas gun to impact the unpolarized bulkbarium titanate (BT) samples, and used high-precisionoscilloscope to measure the voltage generated by the flex-oelectric effect. Based on experiment results, elastic stress

wave theory and flexoelectric theory, a longitudinal flex-oelectric coefficient of bulk BT sample was calculated tobe 17.33e-6 C/m, which is in accord with the publishedtransverse flexoelectric cofficient. This method suppresseseffectively majority of drawbacks in the quasi-static or lowfrequency dynamic techniques, and provides to us moreaccurate results of flexoelectric behavior.


Measuring Liquid-level Utilizing Wedge Wave – (Contributed, 000292)

I. Matsuya, Y. Honma and I. IharaNagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, 940-2188 Niigata, Japan


A new method for measuring liquid-level utilizing wedgewave is presented. In order to know fluid capacity, liquid-level sensing has been carried out in the several fields suchas fuel tank, water cistern and so on. The ultrasonic typeis the method detecting the liquid-level by elapsed timeof ultrasound utilizing air-coupled ultrasound, immersedtype ultrasonic sensor, and guided ultrasound. The soundvelocity of wedge wave is slow compared to the other typesof guided waves, so it is considered that the measurementaccuracy which is closely related to the time resolutionof measurement equipment can be improved than ever be-fore. This method is utilizing the difference of wedge wavevelocity in the air and in the water. It is indicated that the

liquid level is proportional to the elapsed time difference ofthe propagated wedge wave. The wedge wave velocities inthe air were experimentally obtained as 1375 m/s for mode1 and 2362 m/s for mode 2. It is confirmed that mode 1 issuitable for the measurement because of its slowness andclear signal. The liquid-level sensing was carried out bylaser ultrasonic method using aluminum 30 wedge in thewater. The relationship between the liquid-level and theelapsed time of the wedge wave showed high linearity. Thestandard deviation of data plots was 0.88 mm, the mea-surement resolution was 1.50 µm and the error rate was1.04%. As a result, this method is evaluated to be preciseand high resolution for practical use.


Influence of Acoustic Cavitation Bubbles on Tough Hydrophone in High-intensity Acoustic FieldsGenerated by 22 kHz Sonoreactor – (Contributed, 000298)

N. Okadaa, M. Shiibab, S. Yamauchic, T. Satoc and S. TakeuchicaHONDA ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., 20 Oyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, 441-3193 Toyohashi, Japan; bNihon Institute of Medical Science,

1276 Shimogawara, Moroyamamachi, 350-0435 Irumagun, Saitama, Japan; cToin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-

ku, 225-8503 Yokohama, Japan


We previously developed a tough hydrophone preventedwith Hydrothermal PZT thick film enabled to use nearthe focal point of HIFU transducers. This hydrophonewas prevented from damage under inertial cavitation con-dition near the focal point in a high pressure field (15MPa). In this study, we investigated that the hydrophonewas adaptable to measure high intensity acoustic field evenat low frequency. The acoustic bubbles stick on the hy-drophone tip may have adverse effect on accurate evalu-ation of acoustic fields and will cause erosion on the hy-drophone tip. Therefore, we observed the acoustic bubblesaround the hydrophone at 22 kHz.

The behavior of the acoustic bubbles around the hy-drophone tip in the 22 kHz sonoreactor was investigated

using visualization by high-speed video camera (8000 fps)and a laser sheet. The enormous signal of the output volt-age from the hydrophone during sonication was picked upby a comparator circuit to trigger the high-speed videocamera and digital oscilloscope.

As results of visualization, even if small acoustic bubblescollided with the hydrophone tip, the hydrophone wasutilized without distortion. As the acoustic pressure in-creased, distorted waveforms from the hydrophone wasrecorded due to nonlinear propagation in water. Whenthe triggered signal was detected, the output distortionincreased extremely at further high pressure field. Im-mediately after triggered signal, acoustic bubble cloudswere generated on the hydrophone tip. At just before the

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


triggered signal, a relatively large acoustic bubble movedto the hydrophone tip along the side surface of the hy-drophone or was collided with the hydrophone tip directly.We revealed the hydrophone shape and the side surface

material in order that the acoustic bubbles would not stickto the side surface for precise evaluation of acoustic fieldsin the high intensity ultrasound at low frequency.

Tue 15:00 306 Physical Acoustics

Effect of Frequency on Generation of Ultrafine Bubble by Ultrasonic Irradiation – (Contributed, 000027)

Y. Asakuraa, H. Matsushimab and K. YasudabaHonda Electronics Co., Ltd., 20 Oyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, 441-3193 Toyohashi, Japan; bNagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku,

464-8603 Nagoya, Japan


Bubbles of less than 1 ım in diameter are called ultrafinebubbles. When ultrasound was irradiated to ultrapure wa-ter in a vessel, the change of number density of ultrafinebubbles with irradiation time was investigated in ultra-sonic frequency from 22 kHz to 1 MHz, and power from5 W to 20 W. Sample volume was 100 mL. The ultra-sonic power which was the energy applied to the sampleper unit time was obtained by calorimetry. The numberdensity of ultrafine bubbles increased exponentially withtime. The number density of ultrafine bubbles increasedwith increasing ultrasonic power and decreasing frequency.The mean and mode diameters of ultrafine bubbles afterultrasonic irradiation at 20 W for 5 minutes to ultrapurewater were 100 - 120 nm and 90 - 100 nm, respectively,and diameters became smaller slightly as frequency in-

creased. Furthermore, when ultrasound was irradiated towater containing high-concentration ultrafine bubbles, thechange of number density of ultrafine bubbles with irradi-ation time was investigated in ultrasonic frequency from22 kHz to 1 MHz, and power from 5 W to 20 W. Thenumber density of ultrafine bubbles decreased exponen-tially with time. The number density of ultrafine bubblesdecreased with increasing ultrasonic power and frequency.Therefore, it was clear that generation and reduction of ul-trafine bubbles occurred simultaneously by ultrasonic ir-radiation to water. It is thought that ultrafine bubblesgenerate from bubble nucleus and collapse of the cavita-tion bubbles, and at the same time ultrafine bubbles growto cavitation bubbles by expansion and contraction underultrasonic irradiation.


Development of magnetostrictive FeCo film coated surface acoustic wave based magnetic field sensor –(Contributed, 000050)

W. Wang, Y. Jia, X. Liu, Y. Liang and S. HeInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21, BeiSiHuan West Road, 100190 Beijing, China


The surface acoustic wave (SAW) based devices attractsmore interesting for various physical and chemical sensing,exhibiting some excellent performances such as small, sim-ple, robust, being passive (batteryless), remotely queried(wireless), and low cost. Many prototypes of SAW basedsensor were reported for sensing temperature, gases, force,torque, and so on. Moreover, referring to the magne-tostrictive thin film as the sensing material, a new con-cept of SAW based magnetic field sensor were proposedand reported frequency in recent years. It is well knownthat the functional magnetostrictive thin-film material isfavored and very promising for high-precision magneticfield measurement because of its excellent properties asdevice miniaturization, large magnetostrictive coefficient,high energy conversion efficiency, fast response and non-contact driving. Hence, Micro-size, high sensitivity, lowcost, and satisfactory stability were expected from themagnetostrictive film coated SAW magnetic field sensor,that is the main work in this contribution, and the devel-

oped sensor was composed of a sensor chip made by differ-ential delay line-oscillators, and a magnetostrictive FeCofilm deposited along the SAW propagation path of thesensing chip. The FeCo coating produces magnetostrictivestrain generated by the applied magnetic field, modulatingthe SAW propagation, and resulting in approximate lin-ear changes in differential oscillation frequency. By solv-ing the coupled electromechanical field equation in layeredstructure considering the magnetostrictive effect, the sen-sor response was predicted. Also, the FeCo film coatedsensor chip made by the delay line patterns on 128o YXLiNbO3 substrate was fabricated by using the standardphotolithographical technique and RF magnetron sput-tering, and acting as the feedback element of the differ-ential oscillator. Using the Helmholtz coil, the developed300MHz SAW maganetic filed sensor with 500 nm FeCocoating was evaluated, high sensitivity of 8.3KHz/mT, andexcellent linearity were achieved.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation – (Contributed, 000061)

L. Baia, P. Wua and W. Linb

aInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key

Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling

Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China


In this paper, an image analysis method based on high-speed photography of cavitation cloud is proposed. Con-sidering the relationship between the light scattering in-tensity of the cavitation cloud, the projected area, thick-ness, and density of the cavitation cloud, we can usethis method to characterize the periodicity and esti-mate the intensity of the cavitation cloud. Furthermore,

Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation clouds under differentconditions (jet velocity, acoustic pressure) are analyzed us-ing this method, and the periodicity and intensity infor-mation of the cavitation cloud are obtained. The resultsare in good agreement compared with the existing esti-mation methods of cavitation intensity, such as cavitationnoise spectrum analysis.


Surface Oscillations and Fragmentation of Bubbles in an Acoustic Field – (Contributed, 000062)

P. Wua, L. Baia, W. Linb, D. Xua and C. LicaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key


Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China; cState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese

Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, 100190

Beijing, China


Surface oscillations and fragmentation of individual bub-bles confined in a thin liquid layer driven by an acousticfield have been investigated via high speed photography.It is show that under the experimental conditions, abovea critical size threshold, the observed bubbles exhibit sur-face modes (standing Faraday waves on the bubble sur-face). Furthermore, With the increase of acoustic pres-sure, the amplitude of surface oscillation increases. Abovea critical threshold, Jet formation and droplet ejectiontear the bubble to pieces. The image analysis shows that

the wavelength of Faraday wave on the bubble surface isindependent of the acoustic pressure and the bubble ra-dius, while the order of the surface mode is approximatelyproportional to the bubble radius. Based on a quasi-two-dimensional approximation, a physical model describingthe surface oscillation of the bubble in the thin liquid layeris proposed. The mechanism of bubble splitting and its re-lationship with the acoustic parameters are analyzed, andthe critical condition of bubble surface instability is alsodiscussed.


Image Analysis of Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation – (Contributed, 000063)

P. Wua, L. Baia, W. Linb, D. Xua and C. LicaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key


Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China; cState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese

Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, 100190

Beijing, China


In this paper, an image analysis method based on high-speed photography of cavitation cloud is proposed. Con-sidering the relationship between the light scattering in-tensity of the cavitation cloud, the projected area, thick-ness, and density of the cavitation cloud, We can usethis method to characterize the periodicity and esti-mate the intensity of the cavitation cloud. Furthermore,

Hydrodynamic-Acoustic-Cavitation clouds under differentconditions (jet velocity, acoustic pressure) are analyzed us-ing this method, and the periodicity and intensity infor-mation of the cavitation cloud are obtained. The resultsare in good agreement compared with the existing esti-mation methods of cavitation intensity, such as cavitationnoise spectrum analysis.

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]



Thermal Tuning on the Band Gaps with Temperature Sensitive Materials in Phononic Crystals –(Contributed, 000075)

Y. LiBeihang University, XueYuan Road No.37,HaiDian District, 100191 Beijing, China


Phononic crystals possess unique acoustic properties dueto their artificial periodic structure. They have been usedin a wide range of applications such as wave guides, filters,noise suppression, vibration control, etc. In this paper, ananalytic model and numerical model are established tostudy the band gaps of wave propagation in a phononiccrystal consisting of alternating strips of two different ma-terials. The analysis accounting for the temperature de-

pendent elastic property of the temperature-sensitive ma-terial indicates a different but an effective approach forthermal tuning of the acoustic band structures. It is shownthat the first band gap width may change a lot when thetemperature changes. These results provide design guide-lines for thermal tuning of wave propagation in phononiccrystals.


Research on A Surface Acoustic Wave Based PM2.5 Monitor – (Contributed, 000078)

J. Liu, W. Hao and S. HeInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21, BeiSiHuan West Road, 100190 Beijing, China


Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is the sum of solidand liquid particles suspended in air. PM2.5, also knownas fine particle, refers to particles with a nominal aerody-namic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 ım, which hasadverse impact on air environment. At Present, the mainmethods for PM2.5 monitoring still suffer from large vol-ume. To satisfy the development trend and urgent require-ment of the PM2.5 monitoring methods, a novel PM2.5monitor by using the surface acoustic wave (SAW) tech-nology was present.The SAW based PM2.5 monitor con-tains a virtual impactor for particle separation, a ther-mophoretic precipitator for PM2.5 capture and a SAWsensor chip for PM2.5 mass detection. When the airborneparticles are separated by size in the virtual impactor, thePM2.5 is transferred to a plate-to-plate thermophoreticprecipitator. By the thermophoresis effect, the mass load-ing from the deposited PM2.5 results in the SAW velocityshift, and accordingly, the change of the oscillation fre-

quency is utilized for PM2.5 mass detection. Based onthe micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technologyand semiconductor technology, a virtual impactor, a ther-mophoretic precipitator and a SAW sensor chip were fabri-cated into an air current microchannel. Then, a 300 MHzdual-resonator-oscillator was developed and the medium-term frequency stability was evaluated. Exposing thePM2.5 sensor to the tobacco smoke in a chamber, thesensor’s performance was evaluated. In the experiment,a cigarette was lit and collected in the particle chamberfor a few seconds to generate the tobacco smoke beforetesting. The response of the SAW based PM2.5 sensor,namely the change of differential oscillator frequency wasobtained. The result shows that the sensor response is lin-ear increased with the increasement of the sampling time.The developed SAW based PM2.5 sensor has great poten-tial for the application of airborne particle detection.


Attenuation Characteristics of Acoustic Waves in Boiler Flue gas Containing Solid Particles – (Contributed,

000090)

G. Jiang and W. XuNorth China Electric Power University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University (Baodin),

Hebei Province, 071003 Baoding, China


Numerical calculation was conducted on the attenuationmechanism of acoustic wave in the range of 20 Hz-100 kHzin the furnace of power plant boiler, based on which a for-mula of sound attenuation coefficient in the gas mediumcontaining solid particles was built, so as to analyze theeffects of following factors on the attenuation coefficient,

such as the acoustic frequency, particle concentration, par-ticle size and flue gas temperature, etc. Moreover, atten-uation characteristics coefficients of acoustic waves in thefurnace of fluidized bed boiler containing solid particles ofhigh volumetric fractions were also studied based on multi-body multiple scattering theory, and subsequently corre-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


sponding attenuation coefficients were corrected. Resultsshow that for general coal-fired boilers, the sound attenua-tion coefficient increases with rising flue gas temperature,particle concentration and sound frequency, and with re-

ducing particle size; whereas for fluidized bed boilers, theacoustic attenuation mainly originates from the thermaldiffusion on the surface of medium particles.


Performance evaluation of array transducer for underwater acoustic camera – (Contributed, 000100)

C.-S. Park and S. ChoKRISS, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, 305-340 Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Sound is prevalently used to get useful underwater infor-mation. Various demands for real-time underwater imag-ing have been continuously increased by marine industryand coastal security issues. This leads to develop underwa-ter acoustic cameras based on acoustic lens that does notneed complicated signal processing schemes, which mightoften prevent from visualizing images in real- time. trans-mit/receiving system is inevitable unit for the acousticcamera, and it should be well matched to the performanceof acoustic lens. Piezoelectric transducers as a core partof the system can generate or receiver physical acousticwaves. Therefore, it is critical to design the transducer

specification that well matches to the lens and to quantita-tively assess the acoustical performance of the transducers,because they are at the front of generating and receivingsound wave fields. This talk, therefore, introduces a con-cave transmitter that illuminate target objects and piezo-electric array transducers and shows experimental setupfor transmitting voltage Response(TVR), Receiving volt-age Sensitivity(RVS), directivity pattern to evaluate theperformance of the transducers. Furthermore, underwaterimaging with acoustic lens is shown just to see the possibil-ities as a piezoelectric transducer for real-time underwateracoustic cameras.


Study on characteristics of the suspension of the particle in thermoacoustic systems – (Contributed,

000107)

S. Yang, X. Xie, F. Liu and Q. LiTechnical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


The Particle Image Velocity (PIV) measurements are oftenused in the thermoacoustic systems to observe the oscil-latory flow. The characteristics of the suspension of theparticle used in the PIV affect the accuracy. The modelof the particle suspended in a sound field is established.The force of the particle versus the size and density of the

particle, the space of the channel and the frequency of theoscillatory are investigated. The analyses of the particlemotions are performed to study if the particle follows theflow field. This study would be useful to choose the ap-propriate particle in PIV measurements in thermoacouaticsystems.


Experimental realization of nonreciprocal topological insulators based on angular-momentum-biasedresonator array – (Contributed, 000130)

Y. F. Zhua, Y. G. Pengb, J. Yanga, X. Y. Zoua, B. Liangc, X. F. Zhub and J. C. ChengcaSchool of physics, Nanjing University, 210093 Jiangsu Nanjing, China; bSchool of physics, Huazhong University of Science and

Technology, 430074 Wuhan Hubei, China; cKey Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China


Topological insulators for classical waves are new states ofmatter in which the topological phase originates from sym-metry breaking. Recently, time-reversal invariant acous-tic topological insulators were demonstrated with pseudo-spin or valley degree of freedom constructed by break-ing the spatial symmetry. However, the nonfermionicnature of sound makes the wave components carrying

different pseudo-spins or valleys easily scatter into eachother via time-reversed channels, thus leading to inevitablebackscattering. It was realized that this challenge can beovercome by breaking the time-reversal symmetry. Here,we report the experimental demonstration of nonrecipro-cal acoustic topological insulators with non-zero Chernnumber. We realize the one-way nonreciprocal transport

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


of sound at the boundaries, which is topologically immuneto defect-induced scatterings. Our work opens up oppor-tunities for exploring unique observable topological phases

and developing practical nonreciprocal devices in acous-tics.


Long-Term Monitoring of Underwater Sound near the Eastern Coast of Korea using a Four-ElementPlanar Hydrophone Array – (Contributed, 000131)

S.-H. Byuna, S.-M. Kima, I.-Y. Cheb and Y. Kimb

aKRISO, 32 1312beon-gil Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of Korea; bKIGAM, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu,

34132 Daejeon, Republic of Korea


KRISO has developed an underwater acoustic measure-ment module that operates at low power for long-term ac-quisition of underwater sound data. The developed mod-ule is equipped with a planar array of four hydrophonesand is capable of measuring acoustic signal with the fre-quencies between 20 Hz and 20 kHz at a sample rate of50 ksps. In this study, we present the analysis result of amonth-long seaside experiment data which were gatheredat the northeastern coast of Korea from mid-December,2016 to mid-January, 2017. The result shows that themeasured ambient noise level is a few dB higher than the

existing ambient noise models and the level changes diur-nally by 5dB at the frequencies of a few hundred hertz toa few kilohertz. The data measured in the early morningis shown to have the highest noise level, and its statis-tical characteristics reveal that it was presumably gener-ated by the rotating propellers of passing boats. [Thisresearch was supported by the project of ”Development ofa high frequency underwater acoustic measurement mod-ule and analysis of underwater acoustic signals” funded byKIGAM(PNS2930).]


Development of ultrasound measurement system to measure acoustic properties of the piston coresediments laboratory condition – (Contributed, 000158)

B.-N. Kim, S. K. Jung, B.-C. Kum, B. K. Choi, E. Kim and S. H. KimKorea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haeanro, 15627 Ansan, Republic of Korea


It is very important to investigate the acoustic proper-ties, such as the phase velocity and the attenuation of theocean sediment because the ocean sediment causes a lossof acoustic energy for acoustic wave propagation in shal-low water. The acoustic properties of ocean sediment canbe investigated by using pistone core sediment in labo-ratory. Generally, the pistone core sediments are incisedlongitudinally for acoustic measurements. Then, its physi-cal properties can be changed by a disturbance in incisionprocesss. Since the acoustic properties of the sedimentsare related with its physical properties, they can be alsochanged. Therefore, it is important to measure the acous-tic properties of piston core sediments without any distur-bance. In this paper, we introduce PICAM(PIston CoreAcoustic Measurement) system to measure the acousticproperties of the piston core sediments without its inci-

sion. The PICAM system is consist of waveguide box,verical linear motion guide, and control unit. The waveg-uide box in PICAM system has a hole with a diameter of70 mm on its bottom. The hole diameter is same with thatof the core liner. The piston core sediment is penetratedthrough the hole in the waveguide box. Transmitter andreceiver for acoustic measurements of the core sedimentare fixed on both sides of the waveguide box, respectively.The waveguide box can be moved up and down for acous-tic measurements by verical linear motion guide and con-trol PC. The frequency band for acoustic measurementsis from 70 kz to 700 kHz. The acoustic properties of thepiston core sediment measured from PICAM system arecompared with theoretical predictions based on Biot-Stollmodel received acoustic signals through the piston coresediment.


Broadband ultrasound backscattering of cylindrical target in water – (Contributed, 000159)

B. K. Choi, B.-N. Kim, E. Kim, S. H. Kim and M. S. SimKorea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787 Haeanro, 15627 Ansan, Republic of Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Detection characteristics of submerged cylindrical targetcan be performed using broadband ultrasound and under-water sound scattering analysis. The backscattered sig-nals, composed of specular echo and elastic echo, have in-formation on the submerged cylindrical target, includingits dimensions and material characteristics. In this study,we performed ultrasound-scattering simulation and exper-

iment of backscattered signals when a broadband shock-wave (center frequency 2.25 MHz) was used as the incidentwave. Used cylindrical target radius was 30 mm and shellthickness 1 ∼ 2 mm. The radius and thickness of a cylin-drical target was estimated by analyzing the echo signal inthe time domain and the echo spectrum in the frequencydomain.


Surface Wave Propagation on Single Crystals: Measurement and FEM Analysis – (Contributed, 000161)

H.-B. Kim, H. S. Park, H.-S. Lee, H.-S. Lee and Y. H. KimKorea Science Academy of KAIST, 105-47, Baeqyanggwanmun-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47162 Rep. of Korea, 47162 Busan, Republic

of Korea


Nondestructive methods for measuring physical propertieshave been developed using ultrasonic techniques. In thisresearch, two different methods for obtaining the veloci-ties of leaky surface acoustic waves for z-cut quartz havebeen investigated. For the experimental method, a largeaperture line-focused transducer was used. The veloci-ties were measured as a function of propagation direction

by rotating the specimen underneath the transducer. Forthe numerical method, a finite element method simulationwas used to predict the velocities. The two results werecompared and we have concluded that the FEM simula-tion can be used to explain the experimentally measuredvelocities. The measurement of surface waves can be ap-plied to determine crystal orientations.


Acoustic Energy Harvesting based on Metastructures – (Contributed, 000178)

B. Assouar, S. Qi and Y. LiUniversity of Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Faculte des Sciences et Technologies, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, P 70239,

Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, 54506 Nancy, France


As a kind of clean, ubiquitous and renewable form ofenergy, sound/noise may act as a promising sustainablepower source for energy production and micro autonomousdevices, such as wireless sensors, mobile electronics and soforth. Due to low power densities in ordinary surround-ings, sound/noise generally needs to be focused or confinedthrough effective conversion media for better acoustic en-ergy harvesting (AEH). Intuitively, classical Helmholtzand other chamber resonators could be used to enhancethe acoustic confinement and subsequently realize AEH.In general, the strategy based on the resonators suffersfrom defect of the bulky structures and uncontrolled wavefield, thus hampering the applicable energy harvesting. Ina different context, the recent emergence of the artificiallyengineered acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces hassignificantly broadened the horizon of acoustic wave andwavefront manipulations. They possess a variety of ad-

vantageous and anomalous properties and capabilities. Inthis research, we theoretically and numerically report oninnovative and practical acoustic energy harvesters basedon acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces [1, 2]. Theideas of AEH and acoustic confinement with the acous-tic metamaterials metasurfaces will be demonstrated andanalyzed. More specifically, we will present here some re-cent works and advances on acoustic energy harvestingmaking use of a defected plate-type metamaterial and amultilateral metasurface based on the coiling up space ge-ometry. Different concepts and designs of the AEH willbe presented and discussed as well as and their physicaland electrical properties.

REFERENCES 1. S. Qi, Y. Li & M. B. Assouar. Phys.Rev. Applied 7, 054006 (2017). 2. S. Qi, M. Oudich, Y. Li& M. B. Assouar. Appl. Phys. Lett., 108 (2016) 263501.


Asymptotic Behaviour of 1D Sonic Crystal Band Structure with Applications in Optimization – (Contributed,

000192)

M. I. Pop, N. Cretu and A. BoerTransilvania University of Brasov, Colina Universitatii 1, corp C, sala CP18, 500036 Brasov, Romania


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


The transfer matrix formalism is applied to 1D multilay-ered periodic structures in order to obtain their frequencyresponse for longitudinal wave propagation. Analytic for-mulas are obtained for the total transfer matrix of a pe-riodic medium as a function of the period’s transfer ma-trix and the number of periods. The transfer function ofthe medium is obtained and passbands and stopbands are

identified. The transfer function in passbands is situatedbetween 2 envelopes, which are obtained analytically. Thebehaviour of the periodic medium for different numbers ofperiods is studied numerically and experimentally. Theobtained envelopes are applied to an optimization proce-dure using the Simulated Annealing method in order toobtain periods with prescribed passband envelopes.


Characterization of grain boundary cracks by evaluating the integral response of surface acoustic waves– (Contributed, 000222)

R. Galosa, S. Zamiria, P. Burgholzera, T. Berera and I. A. VeresbaRECENDT GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; bRECENDT GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, Science Park 2 / 2.OG,

4040 Linz, Austria


Non-destructive evaluation of surface and subsurfacecracks can be conducted by measuring and interpretingtheir interaction with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Fora single crack, the position and the geometry can be recon-structed from the measured scattered field. In the pres-ence of a large amount of small defects, such as microcracks at grain boundaries, the characterization of sin-gle cracks is ineffective or even not feasible. In this case,the macroscopic homogeneous material behaviour can beused to characterize the density and depth distributionof the cracks by observing attenuation and/or dispersionof SAWs. We examine the scattering of SAWs on sur-face micro cracks, which arise between the boundaries ofthe individual grains in steel, by experiments and numeri-cal tools. For the experimental evaluation, we generateSAWs, which exhibit plane wave fronts, by using line-focused pulsed-laser excitation. The propagating wavesare then detected by means of interferometry at different

distances from the position of excitation. For the theoret-ical description, three-dimensional time-domain finite ele-ment (FEM) simulations with randomly distributed cracksare conducted. The homogeneous behaviour of the ran-domly scattered field is obtained by spatial averaging ofthe measured and simulated fields. Frequency dependentattenuation, induced by scattering of the acoustic waves,is then obtained by Fourier transforming the experimen-tal and simulated data. As spatial averaging of singleresponses is very time consuming and often unfeasible,we demonstrate the usage of an optically integrating lineprobe based on a two wave mixing detector. The detec-tor is measuring the integral response over a line parallelto the incoming acoustic plane wave front. This detectionapproach allows to measure the integral displacement fieldwithin a single measurement, which significantly reducesthe measurement times compared to averaging procedures.


Planar acoustics lenses with helical-structured metamaterials – (Contributed, 000268)

S. Liu, H. Lv, W. Zhang, J. Zhang and L. YangHeilongjiang University, Xuefu Road 74th, 150080 Harbin, China


Acoustic focusing can significantly improve resolution ofthe ultrasound imagining system and accuracy of ultra-sound therapy, so it has been an interesting research topicin acoustic field. In some conventional acoustic focusingmethods, some natural acoustic materials are processedinto specific curved shape to guided acoustic filed for gen-erating acoustic focusing. However, it requires a largecurve interface to guide wave trajectory. With advanceof modern devices, a miniaturization acoustics focusingdevice is desired. For designing planar acoustics lenses,high refractive index in the center of lens is required. Itis mission impossible in usual acoustics materials. In re-cent years, acoustic metamaterials provide a new methodfor acoustics focusing. Some methods, such as three-dimensional surface coiling-up structure, two symmetrical

self-bending beams, fractal metamaterials and so on, haveachieved extraordinary focusing. They successfully shrinkthe lens thickness to subwavelength regime and design pla-nar shape. However, these structures of the transmissionefficiency are low, it is difficult to design acoustic ele-ment with precise control phase and high transmittance.This paper theoretically presents an acoustical focusinglens base helical-structured metamaterials. The helical-structured cells are characteristics of high transmittanceup to 80%. The theoretical analysis of sound field trans-mitting in the phased arrays is discussed. The acousticalfocusing lens can get well focused by choosing appropriatephase control unit. Simulation results show that the gainvalue of 3.29dB could be obtained operating at 4167Hz.Our design can help to reduce the size of the acoustic lens

[email protected]

[email protected]


and meet different requirements for acoustic focusing. We believe that the proposed super-focusing technology willpromote the development of related technologies.


Frequency characteristics of thickness-shear mode BAW resonator consisting of c-axis parallel orientedZnO film for liquid viscosity measurement – (Contributed, 000295)

I. Rikuyaa, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawac and T. YanagitanidaDoshisha University, 1-3 Tatara miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku,

4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; dWaseda University,

3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan


Thickness-shear mode resonators are used for measure-ments of antigen-antibody reaction and liquid viscosities,because of their small energy leakage of the shear- waveinto the liquid. The pure shear-wave can be excited byusing the resonator with the c-axis parallel oriented ZnOfilm. In our previous study, a multilayered- resonatorconsisting of c-axis parallel oriented ZnO film was fab-ricated. The resonant frequency shifts with liquid load-ing were observed. In this study, the frequency shifts ofseries resonant frequency f s, parallel resonant frequencyf p, frequency of minimal-impedance f m and frequencyof maximal-impedance f n of the resonator with loadingsof different viscosity liquid were measured. A shear modeBAW resonator consisting of top electrode (Au/Cr), c-axisparallel oriented ZnO film, bottom electrode (Cr/Au/Cr)and SOI layer was used. Total thickness of the resonatorwas 13.05 µm. The resonant frequency of the 1st and 2ndmode of the resonator was observed around 132 MHz and

262 MHz, respectively. Glycerol solutions were loaded onthe resonator in order to measure the liquid loading prop-erties. Concentrations of the glycerol solutions were 0-45wt.%. f s, f p, f m and f n of the 1st and 2nd mode weredecreased as increasing the glycerol concentration. Thefrequency shifts of f s, f p, f m and f n at each sample load-ing were calculated by subtracting at 0 wt.% sample load-ing. The frequency shift of 1st mode f m with the mostconcentration liquid loading in glycerol solutions was thelargest (-647 ppm), whereas those of 1st mode f s, f p andf n were -425, -245 and -162 ppm, respectively. Comparedwith the f s, f p and f n, frequency shift of f m was thelargest. In addition, frequency shifts were calculated by aone-dimensional transmission line model. The same ten-dencies were obtained in the experimental results. High-sensitivity measurement was expected by monitoring thefrequency shift of f m.


Study of shear mode acoustic wave devices with c-axis parallel oriented ZnO film to measure the liquidloading properties – (Contributed, 000304)

K. Moria, S. Takayanagib, M. Matsukawaa and T. YanagitanicaDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani, Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan; bNagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,

Showa-ku, 4668555 Nagoya, Japan; cWaseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, 1698555 Shinjuku-Ku, Japan


The shear mode bulk acoustic devices have been well-studied for measurement of liquid viscosity. In general,single crystals are used for these devices. However, thesensitivity of these devices is determined by the ratio ofloading mass to the resonator mass. Therefore, the filmbulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is suitable for the highsensitivity measurement. ZnO is widely used for the piezo-electric thin film. In order to excite the shear wave, c-axisis required to be oriented parallel to the substrate. In pre-vious study, c-axis parallel oriented ZnO films were grownby RF magnetron sputtering. However, the shear modeelectromechanical coupling coefficient k15 was low. In thisstudy, the deposition method for improvement of k15 valuewas investigated. Then, the resonance characteristics withliquid loadings were measured.The reason why the k15

value is low is caused by the effect of crystalline orientationof ZnO films. Then, in order to improve the crystalline ori-

entation, we performed annealing treatment to the ZnOfilms. c-Axis parallel oriented ZnO films were grown onthe Al/Silica glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering,and these films were annealed at 400 C. Next, evaporat-ing the Cu electrode,the high-overtone bulk acoustic res-onator (HBAR) structure was fabricated. The k15 valuewas estimated by the frequency response of samples. Thek15 value of annealed-sample was 0.18, whereas the valueof non-annealed sample was 0.14. Therefore, it is foundthat the k15 value was improved by annealing treatment.Then, the pure water was loaded on the HBAR struc-ture to measure the liquid loading property. Although thepeak of real part of impedance was attenuated, resonancestill was observed. It is suggested that shear mode de-vices using c-axis parallel oriented ZnO film can measurethe liquid properties. We will measure the liquid loadingproperties of different viscosity.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Sound Blocking using A Series of Scaled Composite Structures – (Contributed, 000309)

S. Parka and J. Kimb

aDepartment of Mechanical Systems Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 94, Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Korea, 04066

Seoul, Republic of Korea; bDepartment of Mechanical Systems Design Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, 04066

Seoul, Republic of Korea


Sound attenuation becomes challenging in the low fre-quency range since absorption or reflection of sound wavesneed more mass or volume, because of mass density law,making structures large and bulky. However, artificiallydesigned materials, called metamaterials, have opened upnew ways to overcome such difficulties by introducing ex-traordinary material properties. In this study, we designand simulate sound attenuation improvement over a widefrequency range using scaled artificially designed struc-tures. We use 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 scale space coiled struc-tures and confirm that the transmission characteristics,band-pass filter like properties, are identical at their re-spective frequencies. We place the scaled unit cells inseries to form an ultra-wide band sound blocking meta-

material slab. Also we form a composite structure, byfilling the artificial structures with porous media, and findsignificantly increased sound attenuation performance inall frequencies. We use effective media theory to showthat the subwavelength structures augment the materialproperties of the medium and compare the local particlevelocity, sound intensity and the pressure amplitude be-tween the metamaterial and the effective medium. Finally,we investigate the most efficient space packed structure fora given frequency which maximizes the sound attenuationrate. Our results show that broadband and effective soundblocking is possible and wide application in the military,aerospace, and automotive industry is expected.


Single Sensor Acoustic Tracking using Asymmetric Impedance Metamaterial Surface – (Contributed,

000310)

C. Kima, K. Songb and J. Kima

aDepartment of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, 04066 Seoul, Republic of Korea;bKorea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, 34103 Daejeon, Republic of Korea


Detecting the movement of a sound source is usually doneby Time Difference of the Arrival(TDOA) method. Sincesuch method requires not only two sensors but also a pro-cessing unit, it makes the overall system complicated andexpensive. Meanwhile, acoustic metamaterials, by usingsmaller than wavelength structures, have made it possi-ble to realize never before seen phenomena. In this study,we design and simulate an asymmetric impedance meta-material surface which is able to distinguish the movingdirection of a sound source using a single microphone. Byusing a FEM based multi-physics software COMSOL, wemeasure the absolute sound pressure at a point between asound-hard wall and a meta-surface while moving a pointsound source. In the absence of the metamaterial surface,the sound pressure level(SPL) was found to be symmetricwith respect to the center of the microphone. However,when the asymmetric impedance meta-surface is added,

the SPL was found to be asymmetric w.r.t to the cen-ter meaning that the sound source produces different SPLgradient when it moves from left to right in comparisonwith the case when it moves from right to left. We presentthe reflection phase difference for each unit cell compos-ing the meta-surface and show that various degree of coiledspace results in changes in the reflection phase. We alsoshow that the subwavelength structures indeed change theeffective material properties of the surface by replicatingthe results using effective medium theory. Through thisstudy, we show that metamaterial surface using subwave-length structures can be used to detect the direction of asound source movement using a single microphone. Suchrealization can be used to overcome the existing limita-tions of using dual sensors and can be applied to variousfields such as defense, aerospace and automobile industrywhich require simple acoustic tracking systems.


Numerical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of dense polydisperse clouds of interacting mi-crobubbles – (Contributed, 000313)

H. Haghia, A. Jafarisojahroodb and M. C. KolioscaRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B2K3; bRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Canada

M5B2K3; cRyerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, AB, Canada M5B2K3


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Understanding the MB dynamics is the key to optimizetheir response in an ultrasound field. However, investi-gation of MB dynamics is a challenging task since MBsexhibit complex dynamics. In many applications, MBsexist within polydisperse clusters and interact nonlinearlywith each other making the analysis of their behavior morechallenging. Recently, there have been many studies onthe behavior of single MBs; investigations of MB inter-actions were limited to cases of a few (<10) interactingMBs due to the complexity of the mathematical solutions.In this work, we use a novel numerical method to effi-ciently solve the problem of a system of many interact-ing MBs. Using this approach, the dynamics of individualMBs within a polydisperse cluster of 100 MBs (MB diame-ters between 2 to 8 micron) were investigated. Ultrasoundpressure ranges between 10 kPa-500 kPa, frequencies be-tween 1 MHz-12 MHz and different MB concentrations

(7e3 MBs/ml to 2e6 MBs/ml) were studied. Results showthat for an optimum pressure and concentration, the MBsubpopulation with the largest size may control the dy-namics of the rest of the MB population. When the soni-cation frequency is set to the subharmonic (SH) resonancefrequency of the larger bubbles, even the smallest MBswithin the population may also exhibit SH oscillations.An optimal range of MB concentration is needed for thiseffect to happen; below which the interaction strength istoo weak for any noticeable effect and above which theconcentration suppresses the oscillations of the MBs. Toforce the smallest MBs of the population to exhibit SHoscillations at the SH resonance frequency of the largerbubbles, a polydisperse solution is required. In the ab-sence of the MBs with the intermediate sizes within thepolydisperse solution, the 8 micron MB cannot control thedynamics of the 2 micron MB.

Wed 8:00 304A Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials 4

Manipulating Sound Wave Radiation by Zero-index Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000014)

X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Mao and E. DingInstitute of Acoustics, Hankou Road 22#, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China


Based on previous conceptions, there is only a homoge-neous field in zero-index metamaterials (ZIMs). However,in this article, we find that when higher modes such asdipole, quadrupole, or octopole patterns are excited in astructure through cavity of ZIMs, they will generate aninhomogeneous pressure field in the ZIMs. In addition,when the resonance of the monopole or higher mode isexcited in the cavity, a very intense pressure field will de-velop, such that the radiation of the source in the cavity

is enhanced as compared to that of a source in free spacewithout the ZIM cavities. Compared to classic local reso-nances achieved by Helmholtz resonators and membranes,we emphasize the fact that resonances in such a structureare more suitable for manipulating wave radiation owingto the significantly richer resonant modes. Furthermore,the proposed structure can be used to control sound radi-ation patterns and obtain directive or isotropic radiation.


Sub-wavelength acoustic microscope based on extraordinary transmission in a zero-mass metamaterial– (Contributed, 000154)

T. Devauxa, J. J. Parkb, E. Bokb, S. H. Leeb and O. B. WrightcaFaculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bInstitute of Physics and Applied

Physics, Yonsei University, Yonsei University, 120-749 Seoul, Republic of Korea; cHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division

of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan


Acoustic imaging with a resolution beyond the far-fielddiffraction limit has become a subject of much researchin the past decade owing to the advent of metamaterials.The development of acoustic extraordinary transmission(ET) devices has demonstrated the possibility of focusingacoustic energy to sub-wavelength areas. To our knowl-edge this principle has never been used for imaging appli-cations. Here we propose a prototype of a near-field acous-tic microscope based on the ET phenomena with airbornesound using a zero-mass metamaterial.Working with a simple measurement of the reflection co-efficient at the end of an air-filled tube where a sub-wavelength membrane is mounted, we demonstrate exper-

imentally a depth resolution of approximately 2 cm, i.e. 2times the membrane diameter, and a lateral resolution ofapproximately 1 cm, ∼25 times smaller than the operatingwavelength (λ=25 cm) at 1400 Hz in air. We present anapplication to the 2D imaging of topography of wood andrubber samples.

The results show the possibility of the quantitative imag-ing over a surface, and thereby one can obtain informationon the acoustic reflection coefficient of the sample to sub-wavelength resolution. Such ET-based microscopy shouldopen up new perspectives in acoustic imaging and non-destructive testing.

[email protected]

[email protected]



A multi-scale insight into the dynamic behavior of acoustic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000237)

K. Chrzaszcz, V. G. Kouznetsova, J. P. Hoefnagels and M. G. GeersDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands


In this study we probe the dynamic behavior of locally res-onant acoustic metamaterials. The manufactured meta-material is an array of unit cells, each consisting of a rigidsteel cylinder coated by a soft silicone rubber and embed-ded in an epoxy matrix. The dynamic behavior of themetamaterials is studied in real time by combining thesignals measured at the input/output with the images ob-tained with the Digital Holographic Microscopy coupledwith Digital Image Correlation. Our experimental studyreveals that transmission loss measured by input/output

signal is caused by the out of phase movement betweenthe rigid inclusion and the coating. We complete our ex-perimental work by numerical analysis, as to account forviscoelastic dissipation in real materials, transmission lossat the interface and the internal friction.Acknowledgments: The research leading to these resultshas received funding from the European Research Coun-cil under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Pro-gramme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement n

[339392].


Acoustic invisibility based on transparent anisotropic metamaterials – (Contributed, 000188)

B. Li and W. KanNanjing University of Science and Tech, School of Science 942,Nanjing University of, Science and Technology, xiaolinwei 200, nanjing,

210094 Nanjing, China


We present broadband acoustic invisibility by usingtemperature-modulated anisotropic subwavelength struc-tures. The effective acoustic parameters of suchanisotropic structures, constructed by periodically ar-ranging anisotropic subwavelength objects in quasi-two-dimensional chambers, are studied in the quasi-staticlimit. By tuning the geometry parameters, the cham-ber volume and the temperature in the chamber, the

anisotropic effective mass density and bulk modulus canbe modulated independently, thereby the realizable rangesof these effective parameters can be broadened accordingto the requirement of the design. The performance of thedesigned structure is verified in broadband, with the scat-tered wave nearly cancelled and the wavefront undistorted.The proposed scheme will provide feasibility in versatileacoustic manipulation with metamaterials.


Band gap and double negative properties of star-structured sonic metamaterial – (Contributed, 000117)

W. Yuren, C. Meng, J. Heng, L. Yu and X. WenshuaiInstitute of Mechanics, CAS, No.15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing, China, 100190 Beijing, China


Sonic metamaterials have a wide range of applicationsin wave control and super-resolution imaging, and arefavored for several unique and advantageous properties.However, the structures of currently existing double-negative sonic metamaterials are highly complex, as theyare composed of various materials, which limit their de-sign function and application. It is quite desirable then torealize double-negative features using single materials thatare simple in structure. From their unique concave con-

figurations and various resonances, star-shaped structuresreadily form band gaps and show superior material proper-ties. Considered ideal structures, star-shaped single-phasemetamaterials were designed and configured for simula-tions. The numerical results suggest that the metamate-rials have two band gaps as well as double-negative prop-erties in specific frequency ranges. Moreover, the depen-dence of the band gap and double-negative properties onthe concave angle were investigated.

Wed 8:00 305B Acoustic Nondestructive Evaluation and Technology 3

Induced phonons by pulse laser technique to improve Brillouin scattering measurement – (Contributed,

000277)

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


A. Perinoa, M. Matsukawab and Y. ShibagakiaaDoshisha University, 1-3Miyakodani,Tatara,Kyotanabe, 610-0321 Kyoto, Japan; bDoshisha University, 1-3, Tatara, Miyakodani,

Miyakodani, 6100394 Kyotanabe, Japan


The Brillouin spectroscopy is a well-established techniquebased on the inelastic interaction between light and ultra-sonic waves. Using a focused laser beam as probe, theBrillouin spectroscopy allows the non-contact and non-destructive investigation of local hypersonic velocities oftransparent materials. Usually this method is based onthermally excited phonons resulting in a low intensity ofscattered light. This badly affects the accuracy and thetime of the measurements. To overcome this problem, ourproposed solution is to increase the intensity of scatteredlight by artificially generated phonons in the sample [1]using a pulse laser technique. The final purpose of the re-search is to develop a rapid measurement technique basedon non-contact phonon induction and non-contact probingof the sample. For the experiments we used a SiO2 sample(2×2×10 mm) on whose side (2×2 mm) was deposited an

Al film (thickness of approximately 300 nm). The Al filmwas furthermore covered with a thin glass layer. The laserpulses (duration of 377ps, energy of 26 µJ) were appliedon the Al film in order to generate the induced phononsnear the GHz range. The sample was studied using theRIθA scattering geometry [2]. We studied the intensity ofscattered light as function of the power and repetition rateof the pulse laser (1 to 15 kHz), as function of the distancebetween the application point of the pulse laser and theprobe laser (0.75 to 2 mm), and as function of the angle ofthe RIθA scattering geometry. The results show that theinduced phonons can improve the intensity of scatteredlight up to 50 times with respect the thermally excitedphonons.[1]T. Yoshida, et al., IEEE, TUFFC, 58, 1255, 2011.[2]J.K. Kruger, et al., J.Phys. D, 31, 15, 1997.


Non-contact Detection of A Foreign Material Inside Soft Material by Using A High-intensity AerialUltrasonic Wave and Optical Equipment – (Contributed, 000281)

L. Jina, A. Osumib and Y. ItobaNihon University, #833C,1-5-2,Kandasurugadai,Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan; bNihon University, #833C, 1-5-2, Kandasuru-

gadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan


Hardness is a very important factor to investigate the char-acteristics of an object surface.Recently, a non-contacthardness method have developed by air flow, laser, andaerial ultrasonic wave.We have developed a non-contactmethod to detect a foreign material inside soft materialby using a high-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave and opti-cal equipment.In particular, it measures the elastic change

distribution (vibration velocity and displacement, etc) onthe surface of a soft material with foreign materials underhigh-intensity aerial ultrasonic wave irradiation.In this re-port, we attempted to detect the foreign materials (rigidsilicon) in the soft material (soft silicon) by the proposedmethod.


Material Property Mapping using Ultrasonic Travel-time Tomography for Improved Imaging in Het-erogeneous Media – (Contributed, 000041)

K. M. Tant and A. J. MulhollandUniversity of Strathclyde, Level9, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, G1 1XH Glasgow, UK


Current imaging algorithms within the ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation community typically assume thatthe material under inspection is homogeneous, and thatwaves will travel at a constant speed throughout the sam-ple. As many of these imaging algorithms rely on theestimation of wave travel times, when the medium un-der inspection is of a heterogeneous and/or anisotropicnature, this assumption can contribute to the misplace-ment of defects and low signal to noise ratio in the re-sulting images. Defects embedded within austenitic steelwelds prove particularly challenging to detect and charac-

terise due to the locally anisotropic, polycrystalline struc-ture of the host medium. The directional dependenceof the wave speed in these welds can be modelled us-ing slowness curves, and prior knowledge of how theseslowness curves are orientated in different regions of thesample can be exploited to obtain more reliable and bet-ter focussed images of the defects. The work presentedhere endeavours to non-destructively extract estimationsof the anisotropic microstructure of industrially represen-tative samples from ultrasonic phased array data. Thisis achieved via application of the reversible-jump Markov

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Chain Monte Carlo method; a sampling-based approachwithin a Bayesian framework. Once the material map hasbeen recovered, it is used in conjunction with an imagingalgorithm to correct the applied delay laws and generatemore focussed and accurate images of any internal defects.These results are quantitatively compared to the results

obtained using existing imaging algorithms which employconstant, isotropic wave speed assumptions. Receiver op-erating characteristic curves are plotted to demonstratethe improved probability of detection afforded using ourapproach.


In-situ characterization of phase transitions by ultrasonic methods – (Contributed, 000120)

J. Nejezchlebovaa, H. Seinera, P. Sedlaka, M. Janovskaa, P. Stoklasovaa, M. Landaa and T. GrabecbaInstitute of Thermomechanics, Dolejskova 1402/5, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic; bNuclear Physics Institute, Rez 130, 250 68 Rez,

Czech Republic


The high sensitivity of the ultrasonic methods enables thein-situ detection and characterization of both diffusionallyand non-difussionally-driven phase transitions in materi-als. In this contribution, we present two contact-less ultra-sonic non-destructive methods. The first one, resonant ul-trasound spectroscopy, is used for the in-situ observationsof phase transitions that take place with temperature evo-lution. The application of this method will be illustrated

by the study of nature and kinetics of phase transforma-tions in metastable beta-Ti alloys. The second method,measurement of velocity of surface acoustic waves, couldbe utilized for the observation of stress-induced phasetransitions. It will be shown that this method was success-fully utilized for the observation of stress-induced changeof the crystal structure of Fe-Pd alloy from the originalaustenitic cubic phase to the martensitic tetragonal phase.


Investigating Ultrasound Interaction Behaviors with Defects in Infrared Imaging NDE – (Contributed,

000189)

X. Hana and Q. Yub

aWayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., #3123, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Detroit, 48202,

USA; bWayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr., #3560, Detroit, 48202, USA


Sonic Infrared (IR) Imaging, the newest member of nonde-structive Evaluation (NDE) family, utilizes low frequencyultrasound excitation and combines with infrared imag-ing to detect defects in materials and structures, metals,metal alloys, and composites. This novel NDE technologyhas advantages over traditional ones. It’s a fast, wide-area, dark-field imaging method. The applied ultrasoundexcitation pulse is typically a small fraction of a second,for example, one tenth of a second. The ultrasound causesthe faying surfaces of a defect to rub with each other, thismotion results in temperature increasing. An IR cam-

era is used to image the temperature map of the targetby measuring the thermal radiation from the surface ofthe target. The interaction between the ultrasound wavesand defects is a key factor since it determines the amountof ultrasound energy dissipation in the defects, which inturn determines the thermal signal levels and thus affectthe probability of detection of defects. In this paper, theauthors will present their study on the ultrasound inter-action behaviors with defects, and the correlation of theultrasound excitation and the vibrational motions of thecrack faces.


Resonant Ultrasonic Activation of Damage: A Shortcut to Efficient NDE and Diagnostic Imaging –(Contributed, 000017)

I. SolodovUniversity of Stuttgart, Germany, 32 Pfaffenwaldring, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany


The efficiency of acoustic wave-defect interaction relevantto detection and imaging can also be quantified by theamplitude of the defect vibration for given amplitude of a

driving wave. The increase in local vibration of the dam-aged area is a key factor for enhancing efficiency and sensi-tivity of the so-called derivative effects in ultrasonic wave-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


defect encounter. They include e.g. nonlinear, thermal,acousto-optic, etc. ultrasound-induced responses widelyused for NDE and acoustic imaging of damage. Theseeffects are normally relatively inefficient so that the cor-responding NDE techniques require an elevated ultrasonicpower to activate the defects and stand out from conven-tional ultrasonic NDE counterparts for their specific in-strumentation particularly adapted to high-power ultra-sonics. In this presentation, a new approach to ultra-sonic NDE and imaging of damage is discussed based onfrequency-selective acoustic activation of defects by meansof Local Defect Resonance (LDR). A frequency match tothe damage resonance provides an efficient energy deliveryfrom the wave directly to the defect. Unlike the resonanceof the entire specimen, LDR NDE addresses the impact of

the defect severity to its own resonance response, whichis far stronger and identifies (and possibly quantifies) thedamage by its resonant response clearly distinguished andindependent of the rest (intact) part of the specimen. Theobjective of the presentation is to demonstrate that thefrequency- and spatially-selective ultrasonic activation ofdefects via the concept of LDR is the way to boost ef-ficiency and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging of damageby using various ultrasound-based technologies. Multiplecase studies to be considered include NDE and imaging ofvarious defects in constructional and composite materialsvia resonant ultrasonic activation in laser vibrometry, air-coupled ultrasonics, thermosonics, and nonlinear acoustictechniques.

Wed 8:00 309 High-frequency Ultrasound and Cell Imaging

High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers for High Definition Imaging – (Invited, 000207)

H. H. KimPOSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, 37673 Pohang, Republic of Korea


Small animal imaging utilizes high frequency (15 - 120MHz) ultrasound imaging system to obtain anatomical im-ages of an object and visualize the progress and effects ofthe designed experiments. In this frequency range, sin-gle element transducers have been often used due to thelimited availability of high frequency array transducersand the imaging system. The limitation of a single ele-ment based imaging system is the mechanical control ofa transducer element required to obtain images. Tempo-ral resolution, depth of field and available imaging modesare not as good as the array based imaging systems. Afew forms of high frequency arrays and transducers willbe presented. Array transducers use electronic beamform-ing, which enables higher frame rates up to 100 frames per

second, larger depth of field and easier implementation ofcolor and Doppler modes. High frequency convex arrays,phased arrays and dual element transducers are being in-vestigated. Convex arrays give a wider field of view thanlinear arrays since the curved aperture can cover a trape-zoidal shaped area. Phased arrays come with a smallerfootprint due to a half-wavelength pitch requirement toavoid grating lobes but still offer a wide field of view bysteered beams. A 20 MHz convex array, a 30 MHz phasedarray and 48 MHz/152 MHz dual-element intravasculartransducers for preclinical and clinical imaging will be pre-sented. High frequency arrays and transducers can providehigh resolution images of any small parts adjacent to theskin or accessible through the cavity.


The New Intracellular Delivery Platform using High Frequency Ultrasound – (Invited, 000250)

S. YoonUniversity of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, DRB-128, Los Angeles, 90089, USA


High frequency ultrasound (HFU) has unique character-istics because spatial resolution of HFU approaches sev-eral micrometers. HFU targets single cells, which opens anew research area as well as clinical applications. We aremainly developing high frequency ultrasonic transducersand devices for cell manipulations for research and clin-ical applications. To manipulate cell functions, macro-molecules to induce gene expressions needs to be deliveredinto cell cytoplasm. Viral-vectors are potentially tumori-genic and mutagenic due to insertional integration intohost genome. The efficiency of nanoparticle based intracel-lular delivery depends on endosomal escape. Thus, therehas been a high demand for the next generation intra-

cellular delivery platform for safe and efficient manipu-lation of cells. To bridge the gap, we utilize single cellselectivity of HFU to develop a new intracellular deliv-ery platform, known as acoustic-transfection. High fre-quency ultrasound with the center frequency of 150 MHzhas been developed using lithium niobate single crystal.Lithium niobate has excellent electromechanical couplingcapability, low dielectric permittivity, and high longitu-dinal velocity, which is appropriate material for smallsize high frequency ultrasound transducers. The aper-ture of the high frequency ultrasonic transducer is 1 mmand f-number is 1. The focusing gain of the high fre-quency ultrasonic transducer was high enough to disturb

[email protected]

[email protected]


cell lipid bilayer to induce diffusion-based intracellular de-livery through transient holes on cell membrane. Thehigh frequency transducer was integrated with 3D trans-lation axis for precise control and fluorescence microscope.We have demonstrated the intracellular delivery of smallmolecules and different sizes of dextran. Biologically ac-tive molecules were also delivered into cells by acoustic-

transfection. Finally, the CRISPR-Cas9 systems were de-livered by acoustic-transfection for gene editing. The geneediting results were compared with lipofectamine resultsto confirm correct gene insertion into targeted location.We will further develop acoustic- transfection for clinicalapplications to breakthrough in cancer and stem cell re-search.


4D High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Small Animal Embryonic Heart to Support ComputationalFlow Simulation Studies – (Contributed, 000024)

C. H. Yap, S. Ho, G. X. Y. Tan, T. J. Foo and N. Phan-ThienNational University of Singapore, 8 Engineering Drive 3, #04-08, 117583 Singapore, Singapore


Small animal embryos are popular models for studyingdevelopmental biology and congenital diseases. Recentwork provided evidence that the mechanical force envi-ronment of blood flow may be essential for normal cardio-vascular development, while abnormal flow conditions canlead to congenital malformations, thus warranting imag-ing and hemodynamic studies on embryonic cardiovascu-lar system. To this end, we developed a non-invasive 4Dhigh-frequency ultrasound technique, and use resultingimages for computational flow dynamics (CFD) simula-tions. The imaging technique involved ensemble averag-ing of images from several cardiac cycles into one cardiaccycle, via quadratic averaging. This was necessary be-cause, otherwise, blood spaces and tissue spaces could notbe distinguished in embryonic hearts. Spatial correlationswere used to synchronize images from different planes dur-ing reconstruction in 4D. Three chick embryos at stageHH25 were scanned with our technique, and two image

sets were used for dynamic-mesh CFD. Results showedthat our imaging technique had high resolution to enablequantification of organ dynamics such as the distention ofcarotid arteries, and could image fine structures such asthe aortic arches. CFD simulations showed that ventricu-lar wall shear stress (WSS) were in the range of 0.1-0.5Pa,and that the left side of the common ventricle experiencedlower WSS than the right side. The heart appeared welladapted to generating forward flow despite not having anyheart valves at this stage, as the pressure gradient fromthe inlet to the outlet of the ventricle was positive overmost of the cardiac cycle, and minimal regurgitation flowwas observed. Our imaging technique was the first non-invasive 4D imaging technique with sufficient resolutionfor CFD simulations for chick embryos between 3-6 daysold, as existing scan modalities required either injectionor destruction of the embryo sample, or would not havesufficient depth or imaging depth.


High Resolution Facial Skin Imaging with Three-dimensional Ultrasound Microscope – (Contributed,

000204)

S. Yokoshikia, M. Maedab and Y. SaijobaTohoku University, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Aoba 6-6-05, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8579 Sendai, Japan; bTohoku



Ultrasonic imaging method is characterized by noninva-siveness and deep penetration, and it is possible to real-ize high resolution imaging by using high frequency ul-trasound. Precise skin imaging technique is desired notonly from clinical medicine but also from beauty industry.In the present study, thickness of the epidermis and der-mis was measured and the morphology of the sebaceousgland of the skin was observed with three-dimensional ul-trasound microscope (3D-USM). Skin at the forehead andright cheek of twenty female subjects in the age range be-tween 25 and 40 were observed by 3D-USM. A PVDF-TrFE concave transducer with the central frequency of120 MHz, the aperture diameter of 2.4 mm and the fo-cal length of 4.0 mm was mechanically scanned over the

skin. Conventional ultrasound gel was used as the cou-pling medium between the transducer and the skin. Thescan area was 4.8 mm wide and 3.0 mm deep with 300x 300 pixels. 150 consecutive B-mode images with theinterval of 32 µm were reconstructed into volume data.MPR images parallel to the skin surface were processedfor better imaging of sebaceous glands. The cheek showedmuch better contrast and deeper penetration depth com-pared with those of forehead. The surface of the epidermisof the forehead was uneven and the thickness was thickerthan that of cheek (forehead: 129 ± 28 µm, cheek: 77 ±

18 µm, p<0.0001). The younger showed better contrastimage and the older showed thinner epidermis in the fore-head. The present results showed that the contrast was

[email protected]

[email protected]


affected by the morphology and properties of the skin sur-face and age of the subjects. 3D-USM is feasible to observethe epidermis, dermis and the sebaceous glands clearly at

forehead and cheek and to apply for assessment of skinaging.


The optimized high frequency intravascular ultrasound transducer design for visualizing bioresorbablescaffold – (Invited, 000242)

J. ParkSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, N-Center #86209 Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea


Coronary arteriosclerosis is a blood vessel disease whichhas narrowed lumen blocked by enlarged plaques includ-ing thrombus, lipid and calcified structures. Convention-ally, fluoroscopy has been used for diagnosing the vesseldisease by projecting x-ray to the coronary artery in onedirection. Since the specificity of the fluoroscopy is de-pendent on the projection angle, intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) imaging which can visualize the cross sectionalstructures of blood vessels with high resolution becomesone of the important workflows in percutaneous coronaryIntervention(PCI) for expanding the narrowed blood ves-sels rightly with stents. Under those workflows, the rolesof IVUS Imaging are measuring the diseased blood vesselsfor choosing an adequate size of stent and the expansion

pressures and evaluating the PCI outcomes by checkingthe condition of the deployed stent. Recently, the use ofbio-resorbable stents (BRS) becomes an emerging trendin PCI since the stent relieves the burden of having thepermanent implant. The vessel measurement needs to bemore accurate in using BRS than the one for the conven-tional stent otherwise the stents may be demolished re-sulting in death. However, IVUS sometimes lose the echosignals from BRS and eventually BRS cannot be properlyvisualized. In this paper, the BRS imaging with IVUS wassimulated with PZFlex, and the reason for the disappear-ance was analyzed. Also, the acoustic transducer designfor compensating the missing stent was proposed, and itsfeasibility was assessed with the computer simulation.

Wed 8:00 307B Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics 2

Gigahertz Ultrasonics in Metamaterials – (Invited, 000140)

O. B. WrightHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan


Experiments and simulations on both optical and acous-tic metamaterials interacting with GHz vibrations are pre-sented. We firstly consider the extraordinary transmissionof GHz surface acoustic waves through nanoscale meta-material structures based on thin resonant bridges, show-ing how significant improvements in the acoustic trans-mission can be obtained at specific resonant frequencies.We then present the GHz modulation of the optical ex-traordinary transmission through a nanoscale hole-arraystructure, and the GHz modulation of the optical reflec-tion from a split-ring resonator metamaterial that vibrates

like an array of tiny tuning forks. Possible applications ofthis work are in ultrafast modulation and sensing.

References 1 J. J. Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110,244302 (2013). 2 V. E. Gusev and O. B. Wright, New. J.Phys. 16, 123053 (2014). 3 O. B. Wright and O. Matsuda,Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 373, 20140364 (2015). 4 S. H.Lee and O. B. Wright, Phys, Rev. B 93, 024302 (2016). 5S. Mezil et al., Sci. Rep. 6, 33380 (2016). 6 R. Ulbrichtet al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 091910 (2017) 7 Y. Imadeet al., Nano Letters (2017) (in press)


Picosecond Acoustic Computed Tomography in a Microscopic Fibre – (Contributed, 000182)

S. Mezil, P. H. Otsuka, M. Tomoda, O. Matsuda and O. B. WrightHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan


Computed tomography (CT) is widely used to obtain in-ternal cross-sectional images of a sample without cuttingit open. This is achieved by accessing the object from

many different angles with an appropriate radiative field.The imaging can be realised either in transmission or inreflection mode. Acoustic computed tomography offers

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


the advantage of imaging by a completely non-destructivemeans, but has not yet been developed in acoustics formicron-order spatial resolutions. In this talk, we aimto overcome this limitation by using picosecond laser ul-trasonics. Ultrashort-pulsed lasers can generate acousticpulses up to hundreds of GHz, offering a way to improvethe spatial resolution down to less than 100 nm. In thepresent study, we aspire to image a micron-sized glass fibrecoated in aluminium, and containing two holes inside. Theholes offer a large impedance mismatch and simulate natu-ral defects. The objective is to detect and distinguish bothholes. Experiments are conducted using a 1070 nm laser,frequency-doubled to 535 nm and with a 70 MHz repeti-

tion rate. The pump beam is fixed and focused on one sideof the fibre whereas the probe beam is focused either fromthe opposite direction (positioned at 180 with respect tothe pump beam) or perpendicular to it (at 90 with re-spect to the pump beam). The scattered transmitted fieldat different detection points is recorded and then analysedand compared with simulations. The latter are carried outwith acoustic finite-element software. Experiments andsimulations show the possibility of performing acoustic CTin transmission down to sub-micron resolution by rotatingthe probe beam and the sample. This new approach haspromising applications in nanoscale non-destructive test-ing and medical applications.


Imaging subsurface features in a micro-scale slab using laser ultrasonics at GHz frequencies – (Contributed,

000208)

P. H. Otsukaa, K. Miyoshib, S. Mezila, M. Tomodaa, O. Matsudaa and O. B. WrightaaHokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan; bHokkaido University, Faculty

of Engineering, Division of Applied Physics, N13W8, Kita-Ku, 060-8628 Sapporo, Japan


Laser-ultrasonics is well known to be a very useful ap-proach for investigating a wide range of microstructures.In particular, the imaging of laser-induced acoustic wavepropagation has been shown to reveal effects such aswaveguiding, focusing and refraction in structures suchas phononic crystals and metamaterials. Currently, laser-ultrasonic imaging is generally limited to 2D surfaces.However, there are many potential applications for prob-ing internal structures. Ultrasound is already a well estab-lished tool for applications such as flaw detection and med-ical diagnostics. By means of ultrafast laser techniques,extending laser-ultrasonics to the imaging of buried mi-crostructures would open up a new field of investigation,which could include 3D phononic crystals, metamaterialsand biological cells.With this goal in mind, here we model acoustic wave prop-agation in 5 µm thick titanium plates containing scattered

distributions of ∼3 µm diameter polystyrene spheres us-ing finite element time-domain simulations. The waves areexcited with a broadband spectrum up to GHz frequen-cies by a point source of varying sizes and positions. Wethen attempt to construct images of the sample interiorusing measurements of the wave amplitude on the samplesurfaces. Although diffraction, reflection and mode con-version effects complicate the analysis and limit the appli-cability of existing approaches, by varying the excitationconditions we are able to combine the measurements toproduce images of the buried features in particular cases.We discuss the validity and limitations of the approachin terms of an experimental system based on an ultrafastlaser pump-probe setup. The results should help guide fur-ther experimental and theoretical work towards practicalimplementation of micro-scale laser-ultrasonics subsurfaceimaging.


GHz frequency S1 Lamb mode resonator – (Contributed, 000082)

D. M. Photiadis, M. K. Zalalutdinov, S. G. Carter, A. S. Bracker, M. Kim, C. S. Kim, D. G. Gammon and B. H.HoustonUS Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, 20375-5000, USA


The potential for nanomechanical resonators to be em-ployed as coupling elements in electromechanical or op-tomechanical systems has been a topic of great recent in-terest for both sensing applications and fundamental re-search into quantum interference effects. High frequency,high quality factor resonators are important because theyprovide for coupling over a broader frequency range andenable higher temperature operation in envisioned quan-tum coherent measurements. Planar geometries are an

attractive configuration because they allow modern nano-fabrication methods to be employed and potentially en-able integration with conventional electronic and opticaldevices. However, utilizing free standing films typically re-stricts the frequency to the MHz or low GHz range becauseof the low flexural stiffness (associated with the A0 Lambmode) of such films. In principle, much higher frequenciescan be be attained using the higher order Lamb modes(S1 and above) because the restoring forces of such modes

[email protected]

[email protected]


are determined primarily by the thickness dimension andare orders of magnitude larger than the flexural restoringforces. At the same time, desirable lateral transport ofvibrational energy is preserved. We report here on the ob-servation and theoretical description of the picosecond op-

tical excitation of a high quality factor, 13.8GHz S1 Lambmode in a free standing, 190nm thick GaAs film. Basedon our results, resonant ∼50GHz S1 modes correspondingto 50nm GaAs films should be readily accessible.This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research.


Imaging of Buried Microstructures by Nonlinear Picosecond Laser Ultrasonics – (Contributed, 000102)

B. Perrin, E. Peronne, L. Belliard and L. BecerraINSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France


Acoustic microscopy is a well established field for imagingmicroscopic structures. An ultimate resolution of 20 nmhas been reached in cryogenic acoustic microscopy dur-ing the eighties using 8 GHz acoustic waves propagatingthrough superfluid liquid helium which has both a very lowacoustic damping and a very low sound velocity [1]. In thisconfiguration, only surface structures could be probed andthe field of atomic force microscopy, which was emergingat the same period, rapidly superseded this approach. Us-ing picosecond laser ultrasonics where it’s fairly easy toproduce and detect acoustic waves with wavelengths of afew tens of nm is inviting but a main drawback comesfrom the limitation of pump and probe spot diameters toclassical optical resolution. Nevertheless some attemptsof picosecond laser ultrasonics imaging have been made

using near field optical microscopy [2] or acoustic lenses[3] to probe surface objects. A main advantage of acous-tic imaging over some other techniques comes from thefact that it can probe structures far below the surface andnanometric acoustic waves can propagate over large dis-tances in solids at low temperatures. We tried to enjoythese properties and will present imaging of deeply em-bedded microstructures using picosecond laser ultrasonicsat low temperature in a nonlinear regime of propagation.

[1] Calvin Quate, Physics Today 38,34 (1985) [2] T. Bi-enville, L. Belliard, P. Siry and B. Perrin, Superlat-tices and Microstructures 35, 363 (2004) [3] S. Che, P.R.Guduru, A.V. Nurmikko, H.J. Maris, Ultrasonics 56, 153(2015)


Single Nanowire acting as Acoustic Resonator and Emitter – (Contributed, 000006)

L. Belliarda, C. Jeana, T. W. Corneliusb, O. Thomasb, Y. Pennecc, M. Cassinellid, M. Eugenia Toimil-Molaresd andB. Perrina

aINSP-UPMC, 4 place jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; bIM2NP, Aix-Marseille Universitee, CNRS UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France;cInstitut d’eelectronique, de microeelectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universitee de Lille-1, Citee scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve-

D’Ascq, France; dGSI Helmholtz, Centre for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany


Since the pioneer work of M. Orrit, investigating the dy-namic response of single gold nanospheres, a large varietyof materials and particle shape has been considered likenanoprisms, nanowires, nanorings, nanocubes, nanorods,dimer nanoparticules and nanoparticles. Generally, the vi-brational modes observed are assigned to breathing modesof the structure. According to the particle shape, addi-tional extensional or flexural signatures have been also re-ported. The common denominator of all these previousstudies is the clear evidence that particle coupling withthe local environment leads to a huge damping rate. Theparticle/substrate interaction is at the origin of the acous-tic energy transfer into the substrate. As a direct con-sequence, the resonator exhibits a low quality factor. Toreach a high quality factor response, the elastic energymust be confined into the nanostructure and any mechan-ical coupling must be suppressed. Experimentally, thisis achieved by investigating free standing nanostructures.Taking advantage of such geometry we have been able first

to excite few breathing harmonic modes in copper singlenanowire. The high spectral resolution achieved allowedto investigate nanoporous or core-shell single nanowire.Additionally, the 1D shape of our samples gives us theopportunity to analyze guided acoustics modes along thenanowire axis. We show that the observation of propa-gating acoustic waves in nanoscale waveguides providesadditional elastic information’s. Furthermore, it gives theopportunity to unambiguously discriminate which mode isexcited and detected using pump and probe time-resolvedspectroscopy. Finally, nanowires could play the role ofmonochromatic acoustic sources when deposited on a sub-strate. The irradiated field is analysed using spatiotempo-ral imaging, to nanowire orientation investigation thanksto the anisotropy field measured.

C. Jean, L. Belliard, T. W. Cornelius, O. Thomas, Y. Pen-nec, M. Cassinelli, M. Eugenia Toimil-Molares, B. Perrin,Nano Lett. 16 (10), 6592-6598 (2016) C. Jean, L. Belliard,L. Becerra, B. Perrin. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 193103

[email protected]

[email protected]


(2015) C. Jean, L. Belliard, TW. Cornelius, O. Thomas, ME. Toimil-Molares, M. Cassinelli, L. Becerra, B. Perrin.J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 (23) 4100-4104 (2014)


Guide wave excitation and detection in a single nanowire – (Contributed, 000115)

A. Nagakuboa, T. Taniguchia, H. Ogib and T. OnoaaKyoto University, S-233C, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokajo, 611-0011 Uji, Kyoto, Japan; bOsaka University,

2-1, Yamadaoka, 565-0871 Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan


Picosecond laser ultrasonics is a great method to studyacoustic properties of nanostructures in a sub-terahertzregion. It has revealed many important and interest-ing properties such as relationship between out-of-planesound velocity or elastic constants and structures, strains,and defects in nanofilms. Surface wave propagation andcollective excitations of nanowires or nanoparticles havebeen studied, and picosecond laser ultrasonics is also usedfor bioscience application such as protein sensors and cellimaging. In this study, we make isolated metal nanowires

with antenna by using electron beam lithography, and ex-cite phonons at the antenna and detect the guide wave in asingle nanowire at the other edged. We control the wave-length and propagation distance by changing the antennapitch and the wire length to establish a dispersion rela-tionship. We also theoretically calculate it and comperethem, which enable us discuss the size effect and designnano-order wave guide. Our measurement and calculationcontribute to further applications which uses ultrafast andultrashort phonon in a few GHz region.

Wed 8:00 306 Reservoir Acoustics and Borehole Acoustic Logging 2

A Pilot Test of Ultrasonic Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil in Oilfield – (Contributed, 000031)

D. Xua, C. Lib, J. Dengc, W. Lind and L. BaiaaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bState Key


Engineering Research Center, 100190 Beijing, China; cInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring

Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China; dState Key Laboratory Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei

Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, Beijing Ocean Deep Drilling Engineering Research Center, Beijing 100190, China, 100190 Beijing, China


The high temperature, high pressure and high density in-side a collapsed acoustic bubble is the mechanism andfoundation of sonication in liquid. The development ofacoustic cavitation in theory and in experiment is reviewedbriefly from the first stage of the 20th century. The bottle-neck problem of sonication in liquid on the industry scaleis analyzed emphatically and up to now, it is still unsolved.In this paper, optimizing the spatial distribution of acous-tic cavitation is investigated to overcome the bottleneck.

The experiments show that it is feasible. Based on theexperiments, a ultrasonic batch processing prototype of10kW for reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil is de-signed and developed. A pilot test is done in the oil fieldin the northwest of China. The pilot test shows that it canbe used to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil for thepractical production and transportation on the industrialscale. At last, the perspective of the acoustic processingis discussed.


Scalable Time Series Feature Engineering Framework to Understand Multiphase Flow using AcousticSignals – (Contributed, 000196)

M. K. Mudunurua, V. K. Chillarab, S. Karrac and D. SinhadaLOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, 3000 TRINITY DR, #83, Los Alamos, 87544, USA; bLos Alamos National Laboratory,

3000 Trinity Dr Apt 83, Los Alamos, 87544-2337, USA; cLOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY, TA-03, Building 0261, Room

F200E, MAIL STOP T003, Los Alamos, 87545, USA; dLos Alamos National Laboratory, E202, TA03, Bldg 40, Los Alamos, 87545,

USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Time series signals are central to understand and identifythe state of a dynamical system. They are ubiquitous inmany areas related to geosciences, climate, oil & gas, andstructural health monitoring. As a result, the theory andtechniques for analyzing and modeling time series havevast applications in many different scientific disciplines.One of the key challenges that the time-series data ana-lysts face is that of information/data overload. Further-more, the sheer volume of the time-series data generatedat the sensor node makes it difficult to transport the datato centralized databases. These aspects pose an obstaclefor data analysts in detecting changes in the system re-sponse as early as possible. Instead, a workflow for anefficient and automatic reduction of collected data at sen-

sor nodes can enable timely analyses and decrease eventdetection latency. Such a workflow can be useful for manyreal-time monitoring and sensing applications. An attrac-tive way to construct a computationally efficient workflowfor automated analysis of time-series data is through ma-chine learning. In this paper, we present a scalable timeseries feature extraction framework for feature construc-tion, feature selection, and feature filtering. As a first step,we construct comprehensive time-series signal features. Inthe second step, we perform feature selection using hy-pothesis testing and mutual information algorithms. Theproposed framework is tested and validated against ultra-sonic sensing datasets obtained from multiphase flow loopexperiments.


A Spectral Gamma Ray Logging Tool with 57mmOuter Diameter for Deep Mineral Resources Prospect-ing – (Contributed, 000036)

D. Xua, W. Mab and X. WangbaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Haidian, 100190 Beijing, China; bInstitute of

Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.21 North 4th Ring Road,Haidian District, 100190 Beijing, China


The concentration of K, U and Th and their mutual ra-tios represent geochemical information, which can be usedas proxy of grain size, porosity, shaliness content, claymineralogy, modal composition of sandstone and organiccarbon content. Therefore, spectral gamma ray logging(GRS) is a powerful tool and widely used in subsurfacestratigraphy to identify facies, and for borehole correla-tion and sequence-stratigraphic interpretation in oil ex-ploration. But until now, few are used in solid mineral

deposit resources prospecting due to its smaller hole. Inthis paper, a spectral gamma ray logging tool with 57mmouter diameter and 2m length is developed for deep min-eral resources exploration. The tool is composed of a NaIdetector, data acquisition, processing and communicationsystem and a high voltage source. The tests in the fieldshow that the GRS tool can operate at 150 degree Cel-sius, 80Mpa environment. It can be used in 4000m depthmineral resources prospecting.

Wed 10:00 307B Acoustic Metasurfaces and Topological Metamaterials

Wavefront Manipulations via Acoustic Metasurfaces – (Invited, 000297)

Y. Lia, B. Liangb, J. C. Chengb, L. Zhangc and Y. JingdaInstitute of Acoustics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; bKey Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Nanjing University,

210093 Nanjing, China; cNational Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA;dDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA


Manipulating sound waves is a powerful tool with wide-ranging applications such as ultrasound imaging and non-destructive testing. Conventional acoustic devices usuallyhave a thickness comparable to its working wavelength,resulting in major drawbacks in real applications, espe-cially in low frequency range. To overcome this limitation,acoustic metasurfaces, which are novel family of wavefrontshaping devices with planar feature and ultra-thin thick-ness, were proposed. By using labyrinthine units or hy-brid resonant units, reflected or transmitted phase can befreely tuned cover 2π range. With desirable phase pro-file provided by constructed metasurfaces using discrete

units, metasurfaces modulate effectively incident soundenergy and steer the emergent (reflected or transmitted)wave field in a desired way. Some fascinating acousticphenomena were realized both theoretically and experi-mentally including anomalous reflections, non- diffractingbeams, perfect sound absorber, self-bending beams, vortexbeams and tunable asymmetric transmission. Comparingto the conventional active devices, acoustic metasurfacesis notably appealing for its simplicity, low cost, and goodacoustic performance, showing great potentials in variousapplications.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Topologically protected acoustic helical edge states and interface states in acoustic networks – (Invited,

000105)

Y. X. Shen, Y. G. Peng and X. F. ZhuSchool of physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan Hubei, China


Time-reversal(T)-invariant topological insulator is widelyrecognized as one of the fundamental discoveries in con-densed matter physics, for which the most fascinating hall-mark is perhaps a spin based topological protection. Re-cently, it has created a paradigm shift for topological in-sulators, from electronics to photonics, mechanics as wellas acoustics, bringing about not only involved new physicsbut also potential applications in robust wave transport.

Here, I want to present T-invariant acoustic topological in-sulators based on acoustic networks. The proposed modelis a coupled ring lattice based on Chalker-Coddington net-works, where topological phase transition occurs as theinter-ring coupling strength surpasses a threshold and thetopological transport is featured with broadband and lowloss.


Broadband Coherent Perfect Absorption of Acoustic Waves with Bubble Meta-Screens – (Contributed,

000152)

M. Lanoy, R.-M. Guillermic, A. Strybulevych and J. H. PageUniversity of Manitoba - Department of Physics and Astronomy, 30A Sifton Road, Allen building, Winnipeg, Canada R3T 2N2


Air bubbles placed in a yield-stress fluid or soft solid areexcellent candidates for creating acoustic metamaterials,as they exhibit a strong low-frequency monopolar res-onance, which can lead to interesting effective acousticproperties at wavelengths that can be hundreds of timeslarger than the radius of the bubbles. For example, ul-trathin monolayers of bubbles in a soft solid matrix havebeen shown to reflect or absorb water-borne acoustic wavesvery effectively. In this presentation, we show how a bub-ble metalayer can be optimized to create a coherent per-fect absorber for acoustic waves. Since the concept of acoherent perfect absorber, or ”anti-laser”, was first pro-posed in optics, there has been growing interest in devel-oping coherent perfect absorbers for acoustic waves. Per-fect absorption can be achieved by coherently illuminatinga metamaterial (or metalayer of bubbles in our case) us-ing two oppositely propagating incident beams. The firststep is to design a soft matrix, into which the bubbles

can be embedded, that is impedance-matched to the wa-ter surrounding it, so that water-matrix reflections can beeliminated. Impedance matching was achieved by addingsubmicron filler particles (TiO2) to a soft solid matrix ofPDMS, with the TiO2 particle concentration having beendetermined by effective medium models, so that the longi-tudinal velocity and density of the cured mixture leads tothe same acoustic impedance as water. The second stepconsists in optimizing the structure of the bubble layerin order to maximize the absorption over a broad rangeof frequencies, a process that was guided by the predic-tions of a simple but accurate analytic model. This op-timization occurs when the viscous dissipation equals theradiative damping (critical coupling), giving an optimumrelation between the bubble radius and separation. Modelpredictions, experimental observations and the results ofsimulations will be presented.


Optical holographic imaging of three-dimensional complex ultrasonic field – (Contributed, 000240)

Q. Chenga, X. Zhenga, Y. Lib, M. Qiana, Q. Zhanc and X. WangdaInstitute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China; bInstitute

of Acoustics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; cDepartment of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300

College Park, Dayton, Ohio, 45469, USA; dUniversity of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, 2125 Gerstacker, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA


Three-dimensional complex ultrasonic fields design has re-ceived significant attention for particle and cell manipu-lation over the past couple of years, largely due to ad-vances of acoustic phononic crystals and metamatertials.Other applications, such as ultrasound therapy with mul-

tiple targets or virtual tactility for arbitrary shape, havestarted to emerge. However, imaging of whole ultrasonicfield is still a challenge comparing to point-by-point fieldscanning method. Here, we demonstrated several designsof 3D ultrasonic field including acoustic vortices, nonpla-

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


nar fields, and abnormal refraction fields controlled byphononic crystal, acoustic metamatertial or phased trans-ducer array. Their dynamic ultrasonic fields were imagedand reconstructed holographically and non-invasively withfine resolution and high efficiency by combinating high

speed camera, computed tomography and optical imagingmethods. The sound pressure was also quantitatively cal-ibrated. This optical holographic imaging technique willbe of great help to the research and development of 3Dcomplex ultrasonic field.


Optimization Design and Experimental Evidence of Light- Weighted Lattice Structures with WideBandgaps – (Invited, 000070)

Y.-S. Wanga, H.-W. Dongb, Y.-F. Wangc, C.-L. Yangd and C. ZhangeaBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, 100044 Beijing, China; bBeijing Jiaotong University, No.3 Shangyuancun,

Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; cBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian

District, Beijing, 100044 Beijing, China; dBeijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, No.3 Shangyuan Village, Haidian

District, Beijing, Beijing Beijing, China; eDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, Department of Civil Engineering,

University of Siegen, Siegen, D-57068 Siegen, Germany


Design of light-weighted lattice structures with widebandgaps is challenging. In this paper the multi-objectiveoptimization method based on the fast non- dominatedsorting-based genetic algorithm II is used to yield thePareto optimal solutions which provide optimized designsof lattice structures with various porosities. Particularly,the lattice structures exhibiting wide bandgaps with largeporosity are presented. The high symmetry, rotationalsymmetry and asymmetry of the unit cell are considered.The results show that the structures with a reduced sym-

metry (e.g. the rotational symmetry or asymmetry) havewider bandgaps. In other words, the light weighted lat-tices with curved arms can yield wide bandgaps. Basedon the optimization results, we design a lattice structurewith zig-zag arms which exhibits multiple wide bandgaps.The mechanism of the generation of the multiple widebandgaps is discussed. Finally, a specimen of a zig-zaglattice structure made of stainless steel was fabricated andtested to evidence the wide bandgaps.


Strong Coupling of Phononic Cavity Modes in 1D Corrugated Nanobeam – (Contributed, 000180)

Y. Pennec, A. Korovin and B. Djafari-RouhaniInstitut d’eelectronique, de microeelectronique et de nanotechnologie, Universitee de Lille-1, Citee scientifique, 59652 Villeneuve-

D’Ascq, France


Recently, phononic and photonic properties have beencombined into a single platform, then providing a new toolto control light and sound simultaneously. Such artificialmaterials are termed phoXonic crystals. While canonicalcavity optomechanical devices have seen significant devel-opment, recent interest now turns to engineering morecomplex on-chip phonon networks utilizing guided me-chanical waves to connect optomechanical systems. Re-alizing on-chip phonon networks requires engineering thephonon modes and the coupling of these modes to eachother in a controllable way. We propose here to studytheoretically the coupling of two phononic cavities andtheir interfacing through a phononic waveguide for co-herent control of the elastic waves. This work has beenperformed through a simple equivalent multilayer method

and extended to real three-dimensional structures with thehelp of finite element method. We show that the overlap-ping of two closely spaced phononic cavity modes leadsto the formation of symmetric and antisymmetric modes,which can be used for the modulation of the frequencyand the quality factors of the propagating cavity modes.In addition, the efficient coupling of cavity modes with themodes of a phononic waveguide connected between the twophononic cavities has been demonstrated. We show thatsuch coupling can be used to route, control and modu-late phononic cavity modes over large distances betweencavities. This demonstration paves the way to engineer-ing complex on-chip phonons networks utilizing mechan-ical waves to connect quantum systems as phononic oroptomechanical cavities.


Loss Compensation in Time-Dependent Elastic Metamaterials – (Contributed, 000213)

[email protected]

[email protected]


D. Torrenta, W. Parnellb and A. NorriscaCentre de Recherche Paul Pascal - CNRS, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France; bSchool of Mathematics, Univ.

of Manchester, Alan Turing Building-G.112, M13 9PL Manchester, UK; cMechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University,

Piscataway, 08854-8058, USA


In this work we derive an exact expression for the ampli-tude of elastic or acoustic waves propagating along lossymaterials in which the properties are periodically modu-lated in time. It is found that these materials can presenta special propagation regime in which waves travel at con-stant amplitude, compensating in this way the dissipationof energy. We derive the general condition under which

the amplification due to time-dependent properties com-pensates the dissipation of the material. This conditionis indeed a relationship between the band-gap due to thetemporal modulation and the average of the viscosity co-efficient, therefore we provide a single recipe for the designof loss-compensated mechanical metamaterials.


A high-quality narrow passband filter for elastic SV waves via aligned parallel separated thin poly-methylmethacrylate plates – (Contributed, 000047)

J. Zhanga, Y. Liua, W. Yanb and N. Huc

aChongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing,China, College of Aerospace Engineering, 400044 Chongqing,

China; bInstitute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;cChongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie,Shapingba,Chongqing,China, 400044 Chongqing, China


We designed a high-quality filter that consists of alignedparallel polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) thin plateswith small gaps for elastic SV waves propagate in metals.Both the theoretical model and the full numerical simu-lation show the transmission spectrum of the elastic SVwaves through such a filter has several sharp peaks with

flawless transmission within the investigated frequencies.These peaks can be readily tuned by manipulating thegeometry parameters of the PMMA plates. Our investi-gation finds that the same filter performs well for differentmetals where the elastic SV waves propagated.

Wed 10:00 308B Bubbles and Cavitation 3

Cavitation biophysics: single-cell observations of sonoporation episodes – (Invited, 000258)

A. C. YuUniversity of Waterloo, EIT 4125, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada N2L 3G1


A keystone in microbubble-mediated drug delivery is thesonoporation phenomenon in which ultrasound-triggeredmicrobubble collapse would generate a cavitational forcethat is strong enough to puncture cellular membrane. Ourcurrent scientific understanding of sonoporation is howeverquite limited. To properly harness sonoporation for ther-apeutic applications, it is unarguably vital to characterizethe fundamental biophysical processes involved. Of par-ticular relevance are two membrane-level processes thatepitomize the notion of sonoporation: 1) how membraneperforation is induced by ultrasound-microbubble interac-tions, and 2) how the membrane remodels itself followingan episode of sonoporation.To monitor cell-microbubble interactions, a real-timeimaging platform was developed. It was a composite sys-tem that coupled a 1 MHz ultrasound module to a confocalmicroscope. A nose-cone shaped waveguide (1” diameter,7.5 cm height) was devised to align the ultrasound beamfocus to the microscope’s imaging plane. A custom-made

cell chamber (with a single cell monolayer) was mountedonto the imaging plane. Cell membrane was fluorescentlylabeled using the CellMask Orange dye. Lipid-shelled mi-crobubbles were then introduced on a 1:1 cell/bubble ratio.After that, a single ultrasound pulse (1 MHz frequency,10 cycles, 0.75 MPa in-situ peak negative pressure) wasapplied to instigate microbubble pulsation and collapse.Over this process, the surface topography of plasma mem-brane was imaged in real-time.Localized perforation of cell membrane was synchronizedwith the time course of microbubble collapse. The poresize was highly time-dependent: it expanded for a limitedtime after microbubble collapse (up to 7 um diameter), af-ter which resealing started to take place. The pore size wasgenerally greater than the microbubble (mean diameter:2.2 um). During recovery, the perforation site exhibited acontractile ring morphology. These findings demonstratethat membrane-level processes in sonoporation are highlydynamic.

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]



Biophysics of Sonoporation – (Invited, 000319)

B. HelfieldSunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview, Toronto, Canada M4N 3M5


Ultrasound-triggered microbubbles are currently being ex-plored as non-viral vectors for local therapeutic deliv-ery. This approach, which initiates transient increasesin cellular and vascular permeability induced by bub-ble cavitation, has shown initial success in pre-clinicalcancer and cardiovascular disease models, as well clini-cal success in the opening of the blood-brain-barrier forbrain treatments. In this presentation, the recent ad-vances in mechanistic understanding of the salient bubble

physics responsible for safe therapeutic delivery, as wellas the resulting cellular biophysics of membrane perfo-ration and recovery will be discussed. Experimental re-sults from microscopy experiments conducted on individ-ual microbubble-cell complexes will be presented. In con-clusion, the focusing of ultrasonic energy via microbub-ble cavitation can be harnessed to deliver large macro-molecules to neighboring tissue and holds promise for tar-geted drug and gene delivery applications.


Inactivation of Planktonic Escherichia Coli by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Pulses – (Invited,

000143)

T. J. Matulaa, A. A. Braymanb, B. E. Macconaghyb, Y.-N. Wangb, K. T. Chanc, W. L. Monskyc, V. P. Chernikovd,S. V. Buravkove and V. A. KohklovafaCenter for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, University of Washington, Kirkland, 98033, USA; bCenter for Industrial and Medical

Ultrasound, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105, USA; cDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98105, USA;dResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cell Pathology, Tsyurupa Street 3, 117418 Moscow, Russian Federation;eFundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russian Federation; fDepartment of

Acoustics, Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation


This study addresses inactivation of E. coli in vitro usingpulsed ultrasound and cavitation as a first step towardnoninvasive treatment of human abscesses. Cells werecultured in tryptic soy broth until a cell concentrationof about 1 x 10ˆ 9 cells/mL was achieved. The cultureswere removed from the incubator and allowed to stand atroom temperature as 5 or 10 mL aliquots were removedand transferred to the corresponding exposure vessel. Thecell suspensions were exposed to 1-MHz pulsed HIFU (10cycles, 2 kHz repetition frequency, +65/-12.8 MPa focalpressures, +65 MPa shock amplitude). Studies were per-formed with 0, 1, 2, 5, and 20 minute exposures. Surviv-ing fraction was assessed by coliform assay. Inactivationkinetics were curvilinear; the time course of bacterial inac-tivation slowed as sample volume increased. Inactivationof 50% cells was achieved in 2.5 or 6 minutes for 5 or 10 mlsamples, respectively, as compared to about 1.2 minutes

for 0.1 mL samples from an earlier study. Correspondinginactivation rates were 42, 1000, or 833 million cells/minfor the 0.1, 5, or 10 mL treatments, respectively. Surviv-ing cells from 5 min exposures of both 5 and 10 ml sam-ples appeared normal under light microscopy, with mini-mal debris; after 20 min, debris dominated. TEM imagesof insonated samples showed some undamaged cells, a fewdamaged but largely intact cells, and comminuted debris.TEM results showed that the rate of HIFU-induced bac-terial inactivation is much greater than the microscopicappearance would suggest as cellular damage associatedwith substantive but incomplete levels of inactivation canbe subtle. This study demonstrates the potential of us-ing HIFU for disinfection of abscesses. This research wassupported by NIH 5R01EB019365-02, 2R01EB007643-09,and RFBR 16-02-00653.


Ultrasonic treatment for marine growth and its verification through sea-trial – (Contributed, 000069)

J. Leea and J. Parkb

aChangwon National University, Rm.53-312, School of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon Nat’l Univ., Sarim-dong, Uichang-gu, 51140

Changwon, Republic of Korea; bSamsung Ship Model Basin, Samsung Heavy Industries, Science town, 34051 Daejeon, Republic of

Korea


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Long term experiments were performed to verify the ef-fect of ultrasonic anti-fouling method in a huge-sized ves-sel. Although there are several studies mostly conductedexperiments in laboratory environments, this work has adistinct contribution in that the sea-trial tests for ultra-sonic anti-fouling were systematically designed and theireffectiveness was clearly verified. Soon after the hull clean-ing had been made, the ultrasound system of six-channelconfiguration was developed by considering the sound at-tenuation factor as well as the pressure correction to com-pensate the difference between anechoic- and reverberant-acoustic fields. The six projectors were evenly deployedaround the starboard shell plate only. Driven by 23 kHz si-

nusoidal ultrasound in an intermittent manner, they emit-ted high intensity sound reaching 214 dB at source level,which caused the cavitation around the adjacent waterand eventually deterred the settlement of marine foulingorganisms. Visual materials obtained after the trial wereused to qualitatively show that heavy animal-type foul-ing was accumulated only in the control group and not inthe treatment group. Moreover, subsequent quantitativeanalysis provided an evidence that ultrasound can deterthe fouling growth by about 73%. From investigations inthe above, it can be concluded that ultrasonic treatmentis effective in a large-scale application as well.

Wed 10:00 305B Guided Waves and Their Applications in NDE 3

Residual stress estimation using acoustoelastic effect of surface acoustic wave – (Contributed, 000206)

J. Juna, Y.-D. Shima, K.-Y. Jhanga, J. Youb and C. H. Limb

aHanyang University, ISNDE Laboratory 203-2,Engineering Center Annex, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu,

04763 Seoul, Republic of Korea; bSamsung Electronics Company Global Technology Center Core Technology Team, 129, Samsung-ro,

Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, 16677 Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea


Unintended residual stress can be very detrimental to theperformance of a material or the life of a component.Structures designed without considering residual stresswill shorten the operating life or cause the failure. Forthis reason, it is important to develop reliable methods forthe measurement of these stresses and stress gradient inthe inspected object. Nowadays XRD (X-ray diffraction)technique is most commonly used to measure the residualstress. However, this technique takes too much time anduses harmful radioactive rays. To cover this weakness,the acoustoelastic method is introduced, which is basedon the fact that isotropic material changes slightly intoanisotropic when residual stress is remained. And so thatthe acoustic wave velocity differs depending on the prin-cipal stress direction of the residual stress as well as themagnitude of stress. In this study, the acosutoelastic effectof surface acoustic waves (SAW) are used to estimate theresidual stress on the surface of aluminum alloys. Since

the surface acoustic wave energy is concentrated on thesurface of inspected object, surface acoustic wave is ap-propriate to meet the need for monitoring of the surfaceresidual stress. The experimental method using the sur-face acoustic waves requires an acoustoelastic calibrationfactors (time-of-flight at free stress condition,t0 and theacoustoelastic coefficient,K) and an accurate measurementof the time-of-flight (TOF). For precise measurement, theSAW propagation distance is strictly fixed and various fac-tors that may cause errors in the measurement of TOFwere taken into account. To obtain the acoustoelastic cal-ibration factors, experiments are performed on aluminumalloy specimens which are stressed by hydraulic press andtensile testing machine. Thereafter, the stress applied tothe specimen is estimated using the calibration factors.The estimated stress values and gradients of stress showedgood agreement with the actual stresses and stress gradi-ents.


Development of Defect Sizing Algorithm for Surface Micro-Defect Using the Leaky Rayleigh Wave –(Contributed, 000225)

Y. T. Yeoma, Y. S. Lima, H. J. Kima, S. J. Songa, S. D. Kwonb and S. W. YoocaSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Serbo-ro, Jangan-gu, 16419 Suwon-Si, Republic of Korea; bAndong National University, 1375,

Gyeongdong-ro, 36729 Andong-Si, Republic of Korea; cGachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, 13120 Seongnam-Si,

Republic of Korea


The micro-cracks on the surface of the material havebeen seriously considered in high-temperature and high-pressure environments of thermal power and nuclear powerplants. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively de-tect and evaluate surface micro-cracks in the range of tensof micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. However,

there are few studies on detection and evaluation methodsfor surface micro-crack using the Rayleigh waves. sinceRayleigh waves could be applied to detect micro-cracks onthe surface of materials. In general, depth and length siz-ing of surface micro-cracks estimated using reflected andtransmitted Rayleigh wave from the cracks. But Rayleigh

[email protected]

[email protected]


waves propagated along the surface area and lose the en-ergy by leaking to water or attenuation in immersion orcontact testing method. Therefore, To accurate sizing sur-face micro-crack, correlating leaky and attenuation factorof Rayleigh wave is needed so, in this study, attenuationand leaky factor of Rayleigh wave according to variationof propagation distance and using correlation factor algo-

rithm for depth sizing of surface micro-cracks will be de-veloped Furthermore, Developed defect sizing algorithmwill be evaluated by using the EDM notch specimen Inthe presentation, leaky and attenuation factor of Rayleighwaves and according of development sizing algorithm willbe predicted


Interrogation of Lamb Wave Interaction with Disbond in Adhesively Bonded Joint – (Contributed,

000325)

M. Liu and F. CuiIHPC A*Star, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis North, 138632 Singapore, Singapore


Adhesively bonded joints, such as lap-shear joints or re-pair patches, are frequently adopted in structural appli-cations. The adhesive aging, quality of surface prepara-tion, as well as the exposure to external harsh environmentand loading, may degrade the quality of adhesive, leadingto disbond and decrease of the interfacial strength of thebonded joints. This study addresses the nondestructiveevaluation of disbond using guided Lamb wave-based ap-proach. When Lamb wave interacts with disbond, bothwave reflection and mode conversion complicate the wavetransmission, making the interrogation of Lamb wave tocharacterize disbond difficult. A frequency domain finiteelement was adopted in this study to model the propaga-

tion of continuous sinusoidal Lamb waves into the disbondarea. Using this approach, the excitation of single Lambwave mode at a single frequency is enabled, which excludesthe mutual disturbance of multiple modes at a finite fre-quency band. Several regions at the dispersion curve ofLamb waves propagating in sandwich structure were in-vestigated with the developed numerical model, showingdifferent sensitivity to the disbond characterized by thechange of arrival time and magnitude of Lamb wave. Theobtained numerical results show a highly matched consis-tency with conventional time-domain numerical approachand experimental results.


Characterisation and Modelling of Surface Wave EMATs for Optimal Coil Design – (Contributed, 000110)

C. B. Thring, S. Hill, A. Feeney, S. Dixon and R. S. EdwardsUniversity of Warwick, Physics Department, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK


Surface defect detection can be carried out using Electro-magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs), which operateusing a non-contact transduction mechanism enabling in-spection in harsh environments. Understanding and op-timising transducer design is essential for obtaining opti-mised signal strength and enabling high frequency opera-tion, increasing the potential applications, such as inspec-tion through coatings, and detection of small defects. Lin-ear EMAT coils have traditionally been used for Rayleighwave generation and are well understood. Racetrack coilsoffer an alternative design, using the full extent of the coilto actively generate ultrasound.The relationship between coil width and frequency outputis investigated for both linear and racetrack coil designsin both detection and generation, using analytical calcu-lations, finite element modelling and experimental work.The use of racetrack coil EMATs is shown to give a natu-

ral DC filter, giving them improved signal to noise ratioscompared to linear coils. The two directions of currentflow allow them to be used at higher frequencies for thesame width of coil than linear, allowing for detection ofsmaller defects, due to the improved generation efficiency.Effects from the generation coil are found to be mini-mal, with detector effects dominating the behaviour ofan EMAT-EMAT set-up. The behaviour of both designsshows a set of peaks and minima in detection at set wave-lengths which depend on the coil geometry. Maximum de-tection efficiency for a continuous wave can be predictedby considering the Fourier transform of the spatial extentof the coil. Shorter wave packets are found to lower thispeak, and an analytical model is used to predict racetrackcoil behaviour confirmed by the experimental data. Theeffects of focusing on the frequency behaviour is consideredusing finite element modelling.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Tungsten Thin Film Thickness Cartography With Nanometric Resolution Using Picosecond Ultrasonics– (Contributed, 000224)

A. Abbas, X. Tridon and J. MichelonNeta, Rue Francois Mitterand, 33400 Talence, France, Metropolitan


In electronics or in photovoltaics industry, wafers, whichare used to make chips or solar panels, are composedby starks of bounded thin films of tens or hundreds ofnanometers. One of the problematics of these industriesis to control, in reasonable time, the thickness of thesethin layers.On these wafers, very high frequency ultrasounds can begenerated by a femtosecond laser. These ultrasounds,which propagate through the studied sample, are par-tially reflected to the surface when they reach different

interfaces. At the wafer surface, the acoustic wave canbe detected, with a resolution of a few hundred femtosec-onds, by a second laser. By studying the time flight ofthe acoustic wave, like a sonar does, it is possible to es-timate the thickness of thin film layer of the wafer, in anon-destructive way and without any contact.We will justify this statement by presenting a mappingwhich illustrates the thickness of around 255nm thin filmtungsten. The slight wedge profile of the sample will beunderlined and discussed.


Fabrication and Characterization of Fluoropolymer-Based Spherically Focused Air-Coupled UltrasonicTransducer – (Contributed, 000265)

L. Tonga, Y. Xiangb, M. Dengc, J. Pand, Y. Chend and Q. ChengeaEAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai, China; bEAST

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCI AND TECH, MAIL BOX 531, 130 MEILONG ROAD, XUHUI DISTRICT, 200237 Shanghai, China;cLOGISTICS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY TOWN, SHA-PING-BA DISTRICT, 400016 Chongqing, China; dInstitute

of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 200092 Shanghai, China; eInstitute of

Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji Univ, 1239 SIPING RD, 200092 Shanghai, China


Abstract: Air-coupled ultrasound techniques have beenfound a broad range of applications in materials researchand non-destructive testing. However, the impedance mis-match between air and transducer results in high attenu-ation of the signal energy. Some new piezoelectric mate-rials have been proposed to solve the problem and mostpromising are piezoelectrets, which are characterized bystrong piezoelectric response with softness and extremelylow acoustic impedance. In this work, we developed, fabri-cated and characterized spherically focused air-coupled ul-trasonic transducers based on fluoropolymer piezoelectretssystem, which contains two-sided Al electrodes and twofluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) films with tubular chan-nels. The production cost of FEP is very low and it ispossible to adjust the resonance frequency by make anappropriate choice of the geometrical channel parameters.Two devices have been fabricated and tested. One of the

transducers have a 20 mm diameter, 35 mm focus, anotherwith a 30 mm diameter, 40 mm focus. Then, these trans-ducers have been characterized in a series of experiments.The bandwidth and resonance frequency of operation astransmitter were obtained using laser interferometer. Asreceiver, the pitch-catch/pulse-echo response can be com-pared with results of the interferometer test. Finally, thefocused one with 20 mm diameter was selected to getscanned images of the polyethylene (PE) step wedge witha series of different diameter holes in pulse-echo mode. Inspite of the simple construction, high sensitivity of thetransducers was proved in the air-coupled ultrasonic ex-periments without matching layers and matching circuit,which demonstrate fluoropolymer piezoelectrets can be apromising material to be used in noncontact ultrasonicimaging and testing.


Facile Measurements of Single-Crystal Elastic Constant Tensor Properties from Polycrystalline Samples– (Contributed, 000257)

X. DuOhio State University, 2041 College Road North, Watts Hall 282, Columbus, 43210, USA


[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Single-crystal elastic constants are very important prop-erties for practical applications of various classes of ma-terials and also an essential input to physics/mechanism-based models for mechanical property predictions. Tra-ditional methods of experimental measurements of elas-tic constants require single-crystal samples that are usu-ally very laborious and difficult to grow. And thus, theexperimental values of elastic constants of about 99% ofsolid solutions and compounds are unavailable. A methodto measure single-crystal elastic constants from polycrys-talline samples has been developed. A model was firstestablished to predict surface acoustic wave (SAW) ve-locities along any arbitrary crystallographic orientation of

any crystal symmetry. In experiment, ultrafast laser wasemployed to generate and detect narrow-band SAW wavesconfined by an organic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) filmwith one-dimensional grating transferred from a Si mold.Combined with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) indetermining grain orientations, SAW velocities along sev-eral crystallographic directions of several grains of poly-crystalline samples were measured. A forward simulationalgorithm used to match orientation-dependent SAW ve-locities from calculation and experiments allowed us toextract the elastic constants. Examples will be given toshow the procedure and accuracy of such measurements.

Wed 10:00 309 Ultrasonic Transducers for Imaging and Therapy

Image-guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Using Dual-mode Arrays – (Contributed, 000302)

E. S. EbbUniversity of Minnesota, 200 Union St SE, Rm 4-174 Keller Hall, Minneapolis, 55455, USA


A dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) system for image-guided delivery of transcranial focused ultrasound is de-scribed. A 3.5 MHz, concave DMUA prototype (40-mmroc) was successfully used to deliver localized FUS ex-posure in vivo small animal models. The DMUA wasused in synthetic aperture (SA) imaging mode to provideguidance for the placement of transcranial FUS (tFUS)beams. Three-dimensional SA imaging was initially per-formed to identify the lambda, bregma and medial skullsuture to provide initial markers for tFUS placement. Avariety of thermal and nonthermal tFUS exposures wereperformed in the rat brains at a variety of locations withrespect to the bregma suture line under real-time guid-ance. Real-time ultrasound thermography was also usedfor feedback when thermal tFUS mode was used. In con-

junction with the in vivo experiments, a variety of ex vivoexperiments were performed on skull samples from thesame animals after sacrifice. These experiments validatedthe accuracy of the imaging feedback used to monitor andassess the tFUS exposure, including beam distortion. Wewill present examples of closed-loop control of tFUS inhyperthermia mode in the thalamus and targeting otherstructures within the brain in vivo. Results from ex vivovalidation experiments will also be presented. the resultsfrom both sets of experiments demonstrate the feasibilityof real-time control of tFUS exposure in vivo with highdegree of localization. Applicability of the results for thetreatment of certain brain disorders such as epilepsy willbe discussed together with ex vivo work using human scalesystem.


Reconstruction of Nonlinear Ultrasound Field of an Annular Therapeutic Array with Electronic FocusSteering Based on Acoustic Holograms of Its Individual Elements – (Contributed, 000147)

V. A. Khokhlovaa, P. Yuldasheva, P. Rosnitskiya, O. A. Sapozhnikova,b, E. Dumontc, M. Hoogenboomd, M. DenBrokd, J. Futtererd and G. AdemadaPhysics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; bApplied Physics Laboratory, Univer-

sity of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; cImage Guided Therapy, 2, Allee du Doyen Brus, 33600 Pessac,

France; dRadboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands


Acoustic holography method has been shown to provideaccurate characterization of 3D ultrasound fields gen-erated by various medical transducers including multi-element arrays. Transducer vibration pattern recon-structed from holography data has been also successfullyused as a boundary condition for nonlinear field model-ing at high pressure levels. Here we evaluate an approachof measuring holograms of individual elements of a 3 MHz16-element annular array (48 mm diameter and 35 mm ra-dius of curvature) for modeling multiple focusing configu-

rations when the array focus is moved electronically alongthe beam axis. The array is a part of a high intensity fo-cused ultrasound (HIFU) system with magnetic resonance(MR) guidance used for developing thermal and mechani-cal methods of tissue ablation in mouse tumors. The holo-grams were measured separately for each element of thearray and combined together to obtain a boundary condi-tion for the array with all operating elements. Focusingconfigurations when all elements were excited in phase oradditional phasing was added to steer the focus along the

[email protected]

[email protected]


beam axis were considered. Modeling results were com-pared to low-amplitude beam scans and good agreementwas demonstrated. Then, nonlinear field simulations wereperformed at increasing power outputs based on the 3DWestervelt equation. Pressure levels and shock-formingconditions at the focus were determined. It was shown

that the transducer is capable to produce focal waveformswith 120 MPa shock amplitude at 110 W acoustic powerwithin a focal spot of 0.5x0.5x2 mm and thus is well suitedfor evaluating shock-based ablation therapies in small an-imals. [Work supported by Radboudumc PhD grant, NIHRO1EB007643, and RSF 14-12- 00974].


Shape Optimization of Lens Focused Piezoelectric Transducers – (Contributed, 000186)

G. P. Thomas, J.-Y. Chapelon and C. LafonINSERM u1032, 151, Cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon, France


As focused transducers are used for a wide range of appli-cations such as medical therapy and non-destructive test-ing, the price of curved piezoelectric ceramics from whichmost of them are made makes them expensive to manu-facture. An economically viable alternative is to use a flatpiezoelectric ceramic combined with an acoustic lens, asthe lens can be easily built using rapid prototyping meth-ods. This work focus on the optimization of the shapeof the lens in order to have the maximum pressure out-put possible over a designated area. The numerical mod-eling includes the acoustic-structure surface by using a

displacement/pressure (u/p) mixed finite element formu-lation, allowing implicit boundaries between the differentmaterials composing the transducer and the fluid. Thoseboundaries are defined by parametric level-set functionsthat are then optimized by a gradient-based optimizationalgorithm. Examples of focused transducers with opti-mized lenses, made of either one or multiple materials, aregiven and experimental measurements show good agree-ments with the pressure fields predicted by the numericalmodel after optimization. Work supported by an indus-trial grant from EDAP-TMS.


The Effect of Driving Conditions on the Performance of an Ultrasonic Bone Biopsy Needle – (Contributed,

000198)

R. Clearya and M. LucasbaUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Bldg, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK; bUniversity of Glasgow, James Watt South Building,

University avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK


Ultrasonic surgical devices are currently used in a num-ber of soft and hard tissue surgeries. This study focuseson investigating the driving signal conditions for an ultra-sonic bone biopsy needle that will be applicable generallyto high power ultrasonic bone surgery devices. The in-vestigation uses a LabVIEW-based driving system whichhas been developed to modify the excitation signal andpower delivery. The goal is to identify operating signalsthat can allow penetration of bone with high precision,minimal heating and minimal damage to surrounding tis-sue. The ultrasonic bone biopsy device was designed usingfinite element analysis (FEA) and tuned to operate in alongitudinal mode at 25 kHz. The device was manufac-tured and experimental modal analysis (EMA) was usedto validate the FEA model and measure the modal pa-rameters. A series of tests were carried out, based on thetime to perform a 5mm penetration of the needle into apolyurethane foam which acts as a substitute trabecular

bone material. Initially the following waveform shapeswere studied; sinusoidal, square, sawtooth and triangu-lar. During each penetration the power, temperature andtime were recorded. Following this, the study focused oninvestigating power modulation techniques, as have beenwidely adopted for phacoemulsification where power mod-ulation in cataract surgery delivers less ultrasound energyto the eye and hence improves visual rehabilitation. Toreplicate this technique a constant maximum input power(MIP) was adopted, while the Duty Cycle (DC) (the per-centage of time in which the signal is at the maximum)and the Low Power Percentage (LPP) (the percentage ofthe MIP supplied during a rest period) were both varied.Again, time, temperature and power consumption werecompared. It is shown how modifications to the signalshape combined with power modulation techniques whendriving the ultrasonic bone biopsy device can help to re-duce the temperature while still penetrating quickly.

[email protected]

[email protected]



Imaging of Scatterer Distribution Structure of Living Tissue based on Empirical Bayesian Learningwith Consideration of Statistical Properties – (Contributed, 000109)

J. Zhu and N. TagawaTokyo Metropolitan University, 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, 191-0065 Tokyo, Japan


In ultrasound medical imaging, it is often expected thatdetailed observation of strong reflectors including bound-aries of organs and blood vessels will be performed. Inorder to realize it, speckle patterns caused by reflectioninterference from small scatterers in living tissue are of-ten suppressed by various methodologies. Accurate imag-ing of scatterers is important in diagnosis as the struc-ture of small scatterer distributions has information ontissue properties. Therefore, it is necessary to solve theband limit imposed on the echo mainly by the charac-teristics of the transducer. Simple deconvolution restoresonly bandlimited scatterer information, resulting in spatialblurring and generally amplifies noise components. Sincescatterers are spatially correlated and thereby constitute amicrostructure, we assume that scatterers are distributedaccording to an autoregressive (AR) model with unknownparameters. Under this assumption, scatterer distribu-tion is restored based on the empirical Bayesian learning.

That is, the AR parameters are estimated by maximizingthe marginal likelihood function, and the scatterers areestimated as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimatorusing these. Such a scheme is stably realized by the EMalgorithm. The effectiveness of our method is evaluatedby FEM simulation and experiment. Due to the effectsof diffraction and attenuation of the propagating pulse itis in principle impossible to restore the true AR parame-ters, and only equivalent values measurable from the echomay be obtained. However, we can detect differences inthe spatial correlation of scatterers and confirmed that thestructure of scatterers can be clearly measured comparedto simple deconvolution. Furthermore, we confirmed thatthe band limited echo has sufficient information of the ARparameters and the power spectrum of the echoes from thescatterers is properly extrapolated. The power spectrumis also expected to be used effectively for diagnosis.

[email protected]


AUTHOR INDEX

Abbas, Allaoua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 139Abi Ghanem, Maroun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 94Achilleos, Vassos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Addouche, Mahmoud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Adema, Gosse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Aglyamov, Salavat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Ahmed Mohammed, Esam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Ahn, Haeseong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Akiyama, Iwaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83, 83, 84Allen, John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Alonso-Redondo, Elena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Alvarado-Gil, Juan-Jose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Alzina, Francesc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93An, Zhiwu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Anufriev, Roman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Aoki, Shigeaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Arnaudov, Yavor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Asakura, Yoshiyuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Asami, Takuya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 56, 70, 111Assouar, Badreddine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 118Au, Whitlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Baasch, Thierry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Bachmann, Etienne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Bahl, Gaurav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Bai, Lixin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 114, 114, 131Baida, Fadi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Baik, Kyungmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Bailey, Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Balakshy, Vladimir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Balle, Frank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Ban, Munenori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Baquera, Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Becerra, Loıc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Belkhir, Abderrahmane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Belliard, Laurent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 130, 130Belmonte, Manuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Benchabane, Sarah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Bequin, Philippe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Berer, Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Bielas, Rafa l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Bilal, Osama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Biswas, Arijit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Boechler, Nicholas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 66, 67, 94Boer, Attila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Bok, Eun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Bond, Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Borden, Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Bracker, Allan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Braconnier, Dominique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 88Brayman, Andrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Bulou, Alain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Buravkov, Sergey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Burgholzer, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Byun, Sung-Hoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Candia Munoz, Nicolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Carcreff, Ewen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 88

Carlisle, Robert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Carter, Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Cartier, Florian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Cassinelli, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Catheline, Stefan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Cebrecos, Alejandro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 89Chaban, Ievgeniia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Challali, Fatiha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Chan, Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Chang, Jin Ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 103, 104Chao, Min-Chiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37Chapelon, Jean-Yves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Chavez Angel, Emigdio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Che, Il-Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Chean, Tan Wei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Chehami, Lynda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Chen, Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Chen, Dehua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Chen, Hao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82Chen, Jianguo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Chen, Lujie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Chen, Pei-Yu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Chen, Yan-Feng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 34, 57Chen, Yingna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 139Chen, Yinran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Chen, Zhongping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Cheng, Geer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Cheng, Jianchun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 132Cheng, Jingrong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Cheng, Qian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 133, 139Cherepetskaya, Elena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Chernikov, Valery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Chigarev, Nikolay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 79Chillara, Vamshi Krishna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 131Chizhikov, Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Cho, Seunghyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Cho, Younho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Choi, Bok Kyoung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 117Choi, Jae-Yong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Choi, Jee Woong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 29, 30Choi, Kang-Hoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 30Choi, Min Joo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 99Choi, Pak-Kon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 62Christensen, Johan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 89Chrzaszcz, Kamil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Claes, Leander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 111Cleary, Rebecca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Cloutier, Guy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Colston, Gerard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Combette, Philippe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Cornelius, T. W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Coussios, Constantin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 98Coviello, Christian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Cretu, Nicolae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Crum, Lawrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Csany, Gergely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 48


Cui, Fangsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Czarske, Jurgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51D’Hooge, Jan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Dai, Yuyu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82Danso, Larry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Daraio, Chiara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Dargent, Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86De Jong, Nico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61De Korte, Chris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Declercq, Nico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Degertekin, Levent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Dehoux, Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Den Brok, Martijn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Deng, Jingjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Deng, Mingxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 139Destouches, Christophe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Devaux, Thibaut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 122Ding, Erliang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Dixon, Steve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 87, 110, 138Djafari-Rouhani, Bahram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 59, 134Djemia, Philippe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 79Doh, Il . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Dong, Hao-Wen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Dong, Huijuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Du, Jianke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Du, Xinpeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Dual, Jurg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 95Duan, Feng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Dumont, Erik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Duncan, Ryan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Ebb, Emad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Edwards, Rachel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 31, 138El Boudouti, El Houssaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Eliason, Jeffrey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Emoto, Akira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Erturk, Alper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Eugenia Toimil-Molares, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Every, Arthur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Ez-Zahraouy, Othmane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Faurie, Damien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Feeney, Andrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 40, 87, 110, 138Fekkes, Stein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Feldmann, Nadine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Feng, Ting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Feng, Yi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Ferrandis, Jean-Yves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Foehr, Andre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Foo, Toon Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Forbes, Clarissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Fourmentel, Damien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Frinking, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Fu, Bo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Fujii, Masami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Fujita, Kentaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 90Fukui, Marina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Funakubo, Hiroshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Furuhashi, Hideo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Furuya, Motohide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Futterer, Jurgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Fuzesi, Krisztian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 48Fytas, George . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Gaete-Garreton, Luis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 54, 102Gallego-Juarez, Juan Antonio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Galos, Roland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Gammon, Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Gao, Jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Gatsa, Oleksandr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Gaud, Emmanuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Geers, Marc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Girodon-Boulandet, Noel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Grabec, Tomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 72, 95, 125Graczykowski, Bartlomiej . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Grasland-Mongrain, Pol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Grimal, Quentin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Grondin, Julien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Guan, Yingzi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Gueddida, Abdellatif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Guillermic, Reine-Marie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 133Gusev, Vitalyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 73, 78, 78, 79, 80, 90Gyongy, Miklos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 48, 48Ha, Kanglyeol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 106Haghi, Hossein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 121Han, Min-Su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Han, Mun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Han, Xiaoyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Hansen, Hendrik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Hao, Wenchang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Hara, Rokuzo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Harada, Yuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Hasegawa, Hideyuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Hasegawa, Kaoru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Hatcher, Dave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Hayashi, Rintaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48He, Cheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 57He, Cunfu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 73He, Hongbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 82He, Shitang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113, 115He, Xiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82Helfield, Brandon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Heng, Jiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Henning, Bernd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 111Hill, Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 138Hirose, Mayumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Ho, Sheldon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Hoefnagels, Johan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Honma, Yudai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Hoogenboom, Martijn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Hornowski, Tomasz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Hosokawa, Atsushi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Houston, Brian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Hozumi, Naohiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Hsiao, Yan-Yi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Hu, Hengshan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Hu, Ning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 50, 135Hu, Qing-Miao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Hu, Taotao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Hu, Zhongtao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Huang, Chih-Chung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47, 47, 101Huang, Huang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Huang, Shengsong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Huh, Jung Sik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Hur, Yongki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106


Hwang, Jae Youn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Hyun, Jaeyub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Ibata, Koji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Ichikawa, Hirishi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Ida, Taiichiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Ihara, Ikuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Ikeda, Hayato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Ikegawa, Masaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Inagaki, Keisuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Inoue, Satoru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Irie, Takasuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Ishiguro, Yasunao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Ishiguro, Yuya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Ishii, Takaaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Ishikawa, Mutsuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Ishikura, Seiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Ito, Youichi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 60, 124Itou, Kouki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Iwasaki, Ryosuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 98Iwase, Fumiaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Iwazaki, Hideaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Jafarisojahrood, Amin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 121Jager, Axel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Janovska, Michaela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Jean, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Jhang, Kyung-Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Jeong, Ji Hoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Jia, Longfei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Jia, Yana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Jiang, Genshan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Jiao, Jingpin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Jin, Chaewon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Jin, Changzhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 106Jin, Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Jin, Yabin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Jing, Yun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Jozefczak, Arkadiusz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Jun, Jihyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Jung, Seom Kyu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Jurgelucks, Benjamin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Kaczmarek, Katarzyna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Kaipatur, Neelambar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Kalibatas, Mantvydas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Kan, Weiwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Kang, Gwansuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Kang, Hwi Suk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 72Kang, Lei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 87, 110Karabutov, Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Karpov, Eduard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Karra, Satish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Karshafian, Raffi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Karzova, Maria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Katti, Prateek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Kawanabe, Kota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Kawarai Lefor, Alan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Kerherve, Sebastien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Khanolkar, Amey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Khelif, Abdelkrim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Khokhlova, Vera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 140Khoryati, Liliane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Kikuta, Toshihiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Kim, Byoung-Nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 117Kim, Changhyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Kim, Chul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Kim, Eung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 117Kim, Gun-Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Kim, Hak Joon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Kim, Hak-Beom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Kim, Hyeonsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Kim, Hyung Ham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Kim, Jedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Kim, Jedo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Kim, Jin Hyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Kim, Ki-Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Kim, Mijin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Kim, Min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Kim, Sea-Moon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Kim, Sehwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Kim, Seong Hyeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 117Kim, Sunhyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 29, 30Kim, Wan-Gu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Kim, Yong Tae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Kim, Yoon Young . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 44Kim, Young H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Kim, Youngchai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Kimura, Tomonori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Kobayashi, Kazuto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Kobaysahi, Makiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Kohklova, Vera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Kolesnikov, Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Kolios, Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 121Koller, Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Kondo, Seiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Kondo, Toshinari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Konofagou, Elisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Koppa, Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Korovin, Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Kouznetsova, Varvara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Koyama, Daisuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Kruisova, Alena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Kum, Byung-Cheol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Kupnik, Mario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Kuraoka, Masaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Kuriakose, Maju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Kurosawa, Minoru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Kwak, Dongryul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Kwan, James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Kweun, Joshua Minwoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Kwon, Ohbin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Kwon, Sung Duk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Kye, Sangbum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Lafargue, Eric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Lafon, Cyril . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Lafond, Maxime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Lagos-Farfan, Bernarda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Lajoinie, Guillaume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Landa, Michal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 95, 125Lanoy, Maxime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Laroche, Nans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 88Laude, Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 58Laugier, Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Le, Lawrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 85, 107


Leadley, David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Leary, Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Lee, Cheongah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Lee, Hyang-Bok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Lee, Hyeon-Soo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Lee, Hyun-Seok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Lee, Hyung Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Lee, Jeunghoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Lee, Junsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 104Lee, Kang Il . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 72Lee, Minho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Lee, Sam H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Lee, Youngbae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Lesage, Frederic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Li, Bo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Li, Chao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 114, 131Li, Longqiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Li, Nan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Li, Qian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Li, Qing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 96, 116Li, Weibin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Li, Yong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132, 133Li, Yong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Li, Yuhang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Lian, Guoxuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Liang, Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 132Liang, Yong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Liao, Yaozhong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Lim, Chang Hoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Lim, Hae Gyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Lim, Yeon Su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Lin, Rong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Lin, Weijun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 114, 114, 131Linde, Bogumil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Lines, David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Liu, Dan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Liu, Fenghao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 96, 116Liu, Jiehui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Liu, Jiuling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Liu, Menglong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Liu, Mingkun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Liu, Shengchun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Liu, Xiao-Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Liu, Xiaozhou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Liu, Xinlu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Liu, Xuyang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Liu, Yanyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Liu, Yaolu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 135Lomonosov, Alexey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Lorenz, John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 88Lou, Edmond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Low, Jess Yi Ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Lu, Ming-Hui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 34, 57Lu, Yan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 73Lucas, Margaret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68, 68, 141Luo, Jianwen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101, 107Lv, Houjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119M. Porter, Tyrone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Ma, Congyun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Ma, Hongwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Ma, Ma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Ma, Shiwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Ma, Weiwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Ma, Yanjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Macconaghy, Brian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Maeda, Moe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 127Maire, Jeremie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Major, Major . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Makino, Taiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Makra, Akos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 48Mannaris, Christophoros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Mantsevich, Sergey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Mao, Jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Mao, Yiwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Mashiko, Daisaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Matsuda, Osamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 90, 128, 129Matsui, Yuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Matsukawa, Mami . . . . . . . . . 38, 42, 86, 87, 120, 120, 123Matsumoto, Erina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Matsushima, Hodaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Matsuya, Iwao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Mattar, Citra Nurfarah Zaini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Matula, Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Maxim, Solovchuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Maznev, Alexei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 66, 67McAleavey, Stephen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Meneses-Dıaz, Josue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 54Meng, Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Meraghni, Fodil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Merkel, Aurelien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Mezil, Sylvain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128, 129Michelon, Julien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 139Miranzo, Pilar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Miura, Hikaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 56, 70, 111Miyoshi, Kohei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Mizuno, Yosuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Mochizuki, Masaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Molchanov, Vladimir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 45Monsky, Wayne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Mori, Kazuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Mori, Shunki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Morishita, Hiromu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Mozumi, Michiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Mudunuru, Maruti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Mukaiyama, Yuriko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Mulholland, Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Myronov, Maksym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Nagakubo, Akira . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Nagaoka, Ryo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 64, 65, 67, 98Nagata, Hajime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Nakamura, Kentaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 87, 109Nakatsuma, Kei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Nakayama, Ren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Narihira, Kyoichi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Nauber, Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Navarro-Urrios, Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Neguchi, Jyunichi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Nejezchlebova, Jitka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Nelson, Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Nguyen, Kim-Cuong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 107Nguyen, Thai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Nguyen, Vu-Hieu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85


Ni, Xu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Nikitin, Sergey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Nikolaeva, Anastasiia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 53Nishimoto, Masahiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Nishioka, Yasuhiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Nishitaka, Shinya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Nomura, Hideyuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Nomura, Masahiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Norris, Andrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Ogi, Hirotsugu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Ogura, Yuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Oh, Joo Hwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Ohara, Yoshikazu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Ohgo, Takeshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Oi, Madoka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Okada, Nagaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Okamoto, Chihiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Oktamuliani, Sri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Okubo, Tsuyoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Omuro, Toshiyuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Ono, Teruo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Orita, Takehiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Osumi, Ayumu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 60, 124Otsuka, Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128, 129Paeng, Dong-Guk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 106Page, John . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 133Pagneux, Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Pan, Jing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 139Pantea, Cristian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Park, Cheol Soo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Park, Choon-Su . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Park, Hye Soo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Park, Ikkeun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Park, Jinhyoung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128Park, Jisoo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Park, Jong Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Park, Jun-Won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Park, Juyoung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 106Park, Sunghun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Park, Sungjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Park, Taesung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Park, Woong-Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Parnell, William . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Peng, Yugui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 133Pennec, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 59, 130, 134Pennetta, Riccardo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Perino, Alessandro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Peronne, Emmanuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Perrin, Bernard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130, 130Petrosyan, Suren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Pezeril, Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Phan-Thien, Nhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Photiadis, Douglas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Pomarede, Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Pop, Mihail Ioan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Price, Chris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Qi, Shuibao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 118Qian, Menglu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Qiao, Jianxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Qin, Shiwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Qin, Yu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Qingbang, Han . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Qu, Jianmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Raetz, Samuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 79Ramadas, Sivaram Nishal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Retsch, Markus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Richards, Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Richoux, Olivier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Riera, Enrique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Rifu, Kazuma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83Rikuya, Iwanaga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Roman-Manso, Benito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Rondeau, Anthony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Rosenkrantz, Eric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Rosnitskiy, Pavel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Rowlands, George . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Russell, Philip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Ryzy, Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Saalbach, Kai-Alexander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Sacchi, Mauricio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 85Sachse, Wolfgang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Saeki, Katsutoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Safavi-Naeini, Amir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Saijo, Yoshifumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 42, 64, 65, 67, 127Saito, Takuya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Saito, Toshiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Sakamoto, Shin-Ichi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 97, 97Sakata, Yoshitaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Sapozhnikov, Oleg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 53, 74, 140Sarabalis, Christopher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Saris, Anne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Sasanuma, Hideki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83Sato, Toshio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Saw, Shier Nee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Scanlon, Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Sedlak, Petr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 95, 125Segers, Tim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Seiner, Hanus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72, 95, 125Shen, Shen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Shen, Shujin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Shen, Yaxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Sheng, Hong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Sheng, Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Sheu, Jinn-Kong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Sheu, Tony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Shibagaki, Yoshiaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Shiiba, Michihisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Shim, Young-Dae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Shimada, Shin-Ya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Shimizu, Kazuhiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Shimizu, Tsuyoshi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Shimizu, Yuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Shin, Eui-Ji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Shiraishi, Takahahisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Shiraki, Kazuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Shui, Guoshuang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Sim, Min Seop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Sinha, Dipen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 131Siregar, Syahril . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Skokos, Charalambos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Sledzinska, Marianna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Sliwinski, A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102


Solodov, Igor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Somerset, William . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Song, Guorong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 73Song, Kyungjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Song, Sung Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Song, Tai-Kyong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 105Song, Wenping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 55, 55Sotomayor-Torres, Clivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Stelling, Christian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Stoklasova, Pavla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Stride, Eleanor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Strybulevych, Anatoliy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 133Su, Riliang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Su, Zhongqing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 50Sugimoto, Mana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Sun, Chi-Kuang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Sun, Xiao-Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Svet, Victor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Szalai, Klara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 48Tabaru, Marie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Tachibana, Katsuro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Tagawa, Norio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69, 77, 108, 142Takano, Wakana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83, 83Takayama, Noriya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Takayama, Noriya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Takayanagi, Shinji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 120, 120Takeuchi, Shinichi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Tamada, Yosuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Tan, Germaine Xin Yi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Tanabe, Masayuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Tang, Xiao Ming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Taniguchi, Nobuyuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 83Taniguchi, Takuya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Taniuchi, Kana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Tant, Katherine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Theocharis, Georgios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 66, 93Thomas, Gilles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Thomas, O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Thring, Claire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 138Tokuda, Shohei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Tol, Serife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Tomanek, David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Tomoda, Motonobu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 128, 129Tong, Likun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139Torrent, Daniel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Tournat, Vincent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 73, 79, 89Tran, Tho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 85Trayanova, Natalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Tretiakov, Sergey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Tridon, Xavier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92, 139Tromp, Jeroen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Troster, Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Trushkevych, Oksana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Tseng, Sheng-Po . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Tsujino, Jiromaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Tsysar, Sergey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 74Tung, Po-Hsien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Twiefel, Jens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Uchida, Yosuke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Ueda, Takuya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Umemura, Shin-Ichiro . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 64, 67, 98, 98, 99

Van Gemmeren, Valentin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Van Laer, Raphael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Van Lochem, Pim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Vargas-Hernandez, Yolanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 54Vega-Flick, Alejandro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Veres, Istvan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 119Versluis, Michel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 61, 61Vogel, Nicolas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Wada, Takahiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Wallen, Sam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Walther, Andrea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Wang, Dafang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Wang, Han . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Wang, Huiqin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Wang, Ji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 37Wang, Ming-Yuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Wang, Peng-Jui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Wang, Wen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Wang, Wuyi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 55, 55Wang, Xiaomin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Wang, Xiuming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82, 82, 132Wang, Xueding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 64, 133Wang, Yak-Nam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Wang, Yan-Feng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 134Wang, Yi-Ze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Wang, Yue-Sheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 43, 58, 72, 134Wang, Zhengbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Watanabe, Akiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Watanabe, Yoshiaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 97, 97Wear, Keith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Wen, Yuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Wenshuai, Xu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Wilkie, Mathew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Willatzen, Morten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Wright, Oliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90, 122, 128, 128, 129Wu, Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 73Wu, Denglong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Wu, Jiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Wu, Pengfei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 114, 114Wu, Rongxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Wu, Xiuming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Xiang, Yanxun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74, 139Xie, Longtao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Xie, Shangran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Xie, Xiujuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 96, 116Xu, Chengdang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Xu, Chunguang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Xu, Delong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 114, 131, 132Xu, Guan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Xu, Kailiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Xu, Kun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Xu, Weilong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Yaegashi, So . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Yamakoshi, Yoshiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Yamauchi, Shinobu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Yamazaki, Mayuko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Yan, Dong-Jia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Yan, Guqi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Yan, Wensheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Yanagitani, Takahiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 120, 120Yang, Changhuei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63


Yang, Che-Hua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73, 92Yang, Cheng-Lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Yang, Jing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Yang, Jinkyu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Yang, Jiwoong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Yang, Lina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Yang, Shaoqi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96, 96, 116Yang, Shu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Yang, Xiongwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Yap, Choon Hwai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100, 127Yasuda, Hiromi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Yasuda, Keiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Yeo, Sunmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 105Yeom, Yun Taek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Yim, Geun-Tae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Yokoshiki, Saaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Yoneda, Naofumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Yoo, Sung Won . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Yoon, Changhan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 105Yoon, Sangpil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126Yoon, Suk Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 72Yoshida, Kenji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Yoshida, Sachiko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Yoshino, Haruki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Yoshizawa, Masasumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Yoshizawa, Shin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 64, 67, 98, 98, 99You, Jin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Youxuan, Zhao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Yu, Alfred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 135Yu, Liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Yu, Qiuye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Yu, Shimin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 55Yu, Si-Yuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Yu, Xiyang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Yuan, Jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Yuan, Xianwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 55Yuki, Ogura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Yuldashev, Petr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Yura, Toshiya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Yuren, Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123Yushkov, Konstantin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 45Zalalutdinov, Maxim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129Zamiri, Saeid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Zarubin, Vasily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Zeipert, Henning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Zeltner, Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Zerr, Andreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Zhan, Qiwen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Zhang, Chao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Zhang, Chuangzeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Zhang, Haiyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Zhang, Haiyan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Zhang, Jintao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Zhang, Jun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Zhang, Li . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Zhang, Liangmeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Zhang, Likun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Zhang, Qian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Zhang, Weiping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Zhang, Wenfeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Zhang, Xiumei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Zhao, Jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Zheng, Xiaobo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Zheng, Xu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Zhou, Guangwei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Zhou, Leiqing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Zhou, Limin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Zhou, Yinqiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81, 82Zhu, Jie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90Zhu, Jing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 142Zhu, Wujun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Zhu, Xuefeng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 133Zhu, Yifan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Zou, Xinye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Zybach, Bernhard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

publication year: 2017icu2017/20171205_icu_abstract... · congress devoted to ultrasound, was...

Documents