Public HealthPreventive Medicineprimary preventionspecific prevention

immunization

Samar Musmar,MD,FAAFPConsultant, family medicineClinical assistant Professor

Specific 1ry prevention

• Use of vaccines—prev of specific dse(1)• Use of antimicrobial drugs--prev of specific

dse(1)• Prevention of deficiency state(2)• Prevention of injuries and toxic exposure(3)• Prevention of iatrogenic dses & injuries(3)

Types of immunity

• Passive/active• Nonspecific/specific/herd• Examples:--natural/artificial• types of vaccines: inactivated, live attenuated,

toxoids

Immunization recommendations and schedules

• Active imm of children• Active immunization of adults• Vaccine survielance and testing

Types of vaccinesPrevention of Infectious Diseases by Vaccines

Available in the US• Anthrax• Cholera• Diphtheria• Haemophilus influenzae

infection• Hepatitis A• Hepatitis B• Influenza• Japanese encephalitis• Lyme disease• Measles• Meningococcal disease

• Mumps• Pertussis• Plague• Pneumococcal disease• Poliomyelitis• Rabies• Rubella• Tetanus• Tuberculosis• Typhoid• Varicella• Yellow fever

Recommended Schedule for Active Immunization of Healthy Infants and Children

Recommended Adult Immunization ScheduleUNITED STATES · 2009

Immunization goals

• Eradication—e.g ? Why?• Regional elimination of dse—e.g?• Control of dse—e.g?• Surveillance system

Childhood immunization initiative

• Adequate immunization—defin: receiving the recommended # of doses of vaccines by the ages

• ?rota virus vaccine--intussusception

Reasons for low immunization levels

• Health beliefs—model:1.Dse is serious2.Their children are personally at risk3.Preventive measure is effective4.No serious risks or barriers• Swine flu example• Pertussis—UK

Reasons for low immunization levels

• Vaccine related supplies and lawsuits• Shortage:?cost,regulation,liability• National vaccine injury program

Reasons for low immunization levels

• Missed opportunity• Poor population• ?? unligitimate causes to postpone• Hopspitalized pts• ? contraindications

Prevention of dses by use of antimicrobial drugs