public health issues in waste management
TRANSCRIPT
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Public Health issues in
Waste Management
Dr. Harshad Thakur, MBBS, MD, DBM
Professor,
Centre for Public Health
School of Health Systems Studies
Tata Institute of Social Sciences
MUMBAI, INDIA
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What is ‘Waste’?
• Till few years back,
– Waste was considered as unwanted or unusable material.
– Any substance which is discarded after primary use, or
– Worthless, defective and of no use at that point of time.
• NOW, with better understanding, as we are using and
converting resources into waste, it is being considered as a
resource at wrong place.
• Thus waste can be actually useful since our resources are
limited.
• For this, it is essential that we “re convert” waste into a resource
again for future use.
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Waste types
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable
• Solid, liquid and gaseous waste
• Municipal waste includes – Household waste,
– Commercial waste, and
– Demolition waste
• Hazardous waste includes – Industrial waste,
– Radioactive waste,
– Explosive waste, and
– Electronic waste (e-waste)
• Biomedical waste including clinical waste
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Per capita Waste generation
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Importance of Health in Waste Management
• Sustainable Development is development that meets the needs
of the present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
• It is socio-economic development that is conducted without
depletion of natural resources.
• “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not
every man's greed.” by Mahatma Gandhi.
• Health is one of the most important basic need of every living
being including humans.
• Many diseases directly or indirectly related to waste.
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Waste collection site
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Waste disposal site
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Effect of Deonar dumping yard (Mumbai)
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Epidemiologic triad for disease occurrence
Host
Agent Environment
•Biological agents•Physical agents•Chemical agents•Nutrient agents•Mechanical agents•Social agents
•Physical environment•Biological environment•Social environment
•Demographic characteristics•Biological characteristics•Socio-economic characteristics•Behavioral characteristics
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Communicable diseases
Modes of transmission
Direct transmission
Direct contact
Droplet infection
Contact with soil
Inoculation into skin or mucosa
Trans-placental (vertical)
Indirecttransmission
Water-borne
Vector-borne
Air-borne
Fomite-born
Unclean hands and fingers
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Sewage and disease transmission
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Effect of waste on Living world• Effect on health of Human Beings due to …
– Solid waste: e.g., Diseases due to flies
– Liquid waste: e.g., Fecal-oral transmission of communicable diseases, Diseases due to mosquitoes
– Gaseous waste: Air pollution leading to respiratory problems
– Others: Low birth weight, Congenital Malformations, Cancers, etc..
And we should not forget that waste also has ….
• Effect on Plants and Animal kingdom leading to
Deforestation, extinction of species, loss of biodiversity, etc..
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Waste Management Hierarchy
Primordial Prevention(Reduce)
Primary Prevention(Reuse)
Secondary Prevention(Recycle, Recover)
Tertiary Prevention(Landfill)
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Challenges and Issues
• Migration or dumping of waste
– From developed countries to developing countries (especially hazardous
waste)
– From cities to rural / tribal / forest areas
– From land to sea / rivers / water bodies
– From Earth to Space (maybe in future)
• Modern waste management technology need to be
– More focused on reducing waste generation, re-use and re-cycle
– Available, Accessible, Affordable, Adaptable, etc.
– E.g., it is not made available to all (especially developing countries)
• Lack of awareness among citizens, policy-makers, etc.
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What can be done?
• More Research required to understand
– Social, Economic, Political impact of health related issues of waste
management
• Linking Health and Development
– Following and achieving SDGs – Sustainable Development Goals
• Creating awareness among
– Common man, waste handlers
– Policy makers and policy implementers at local / regional / national /
international levels
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