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karpSarP¢ab;RbCaBlrdænigrdæaPi)al karvaytMéleTAelIkarrYmcMENkrbs;sgÁmsIuvil

cMeBaHGPi)alkic©l¥enAkm<úCa

FnaKarBiPBelak

niBn§r)aykarN_ ³ xamin m:aliNa nig RKIsÞInNa Qwm karsikSaRsavRCavenHeFIVeLIgeday

mCÄmNÐlsMrab;karsikSaRsavRCavCan;x<s; PñMeBj

RkumRsavRCav

RKIsÞInNa Qwm ¬GñksMrbsMrYl¦ h‘ag pat hak; sucnñI sU‘ kitüa Qt b‘unfg

ehg KwmvNÑ eCn sueCOn

ERbsMrYlGtßbTCaPasaExμreday

h‘ag pat & lwm ra:mI

r)aykarN_enHRtUv)aneroberogeLIgeRkamkardwknaMcat;Ecgrbs; elak John Clark ¬GñkÉkeTsCan;x<s; EpñkGPivDÆn_sgÁmRbcaMtMbn;GasIuGaeKñy_¦ . ÉkarRsavRCavRtUv)aneFVIeLIgeday mCÄmNÐlsMrab;karsikSaRsav RCavCan;x<s; EdlmanTIsñak;karenAPñMeBj . r)aykarN_enHRtUv)ansresrrYmKñaeday elakRsI Carmen Malena

(TIRbwkSaCan;x<s;énFnaKarBiPBelak) nigelakRsI Kristina Chhim (GñksMrbsMrYlkarRsavRCavCan;x<s;énmCÄ mNÐlsMrab;karsikSaRsavRCavCan;x<s;) . cMeBaHkarsikSaRsavRCavRtUv)andwknaMeday elakRsI Kristina Chhim

nigeFIVeLIgedayRkumGñkRsavRCavmYyRkumEdlrYmman elakRsI hak; sucnñI/ elak h‘ag pat/ elak Qt b‘unfg/ elak sU‘ kitüa/ elak eCn sueCOn/ nig elak ehg KwmvNÑ . elakRsI Kristina Chhim k¾CaGñkEdl)aneFIVkar sikSatamÉksarpgEdr EdlenHKWCaEpñkmYy)anrYmcMENkdl;r)aykarN_enH . FnaKarBiPBelak sUmEføgGMNr KuNy:agRCaleRCAdl;karrYmcMENkd¾sMxan;rbs;smaCikRkumRbwkSaPi)alenAkñúgRbeTsdUcxageRkam Edl)ancUlrYm kñúgkarerobcMTMrg;énkarsikSaRsavRCav nigpþl;mtieyabl;eTAelIrbkKMehIj nigkarviPaKlT§plRsavRCav . kñúgenaH rYmmanelak »k esrIesaPkþ×/ elak Qit sMGat/ elakbNÐit mas nI/ elak c½nÞ supl/ elak eyg vIr³/ elak y:g saMgkumar/ elakRsI Jenny Pearson, elakRsI Carol Strickler nig elak Gijs Koop . karsikSaRsavRCav enHk¾TTYl)ankarrYmcMENky:agFMeFgtamry³karRtYtBinitü nigkarpþl;eyabl;BI elak Ian Porter, elak Raja

Iyer, elakRsI Nisha Agrawal, elak Stephane Guimbert, elak »k esrIesaPkþ×/ elak Andy Norton, elak

Jeff Thindwa, elakRsI Loty Salazar, elak Petrarca Karetji, elak Scott Guggenheim, elak Bhuvan

Bhatnagar, elak Janmejay Singh, elakRsI Corazon (Dinky) Juliano-Soliman, elakRsI nil vNÑa , elak

Daniel Adler, elak Luis Benveniste, elak Tim Conway, elakRs I Mia Hyun, elak b‘U saerOn nig elak RBab kul ¬EdlGñkTaMgGs;KñaenHsuT§swgCabuKÁlikrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak¦ k¾dUcCa elak Roger Henke, elakRsI Caroline Hughes, elak Fn saray nig elakRsI Eva Mysliwiec. karBiPakSaCaRkumCaeRcIn EdlRtUv)an eFVIeLIgenAkñúgEx emsa qñaM2008 )anpþl;nUvB½t’manRtlb; nigeyabl;d¾mantMélCaeRcIneTAelIesckIþRBagénr)ay- karN_enH. FnaKarBiPBelaksUmEføgGMNrKuNd¾RCaleRCAdl;GñktMNagRKb;rUb ¬Cag 80 nak;¦ mkBIPaKIrdæaPi)al sßab½nRsavRCav RkumGñkÉkeTs smaKmviC¢aCIv³ nigsmaKmBaNiC¢km μ shCIB smaKmRbB½n§pSBVpSay GgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)al bNþajGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al nigm©as;CMnYyGnþrCati Edl)ancUlrYmenAkñúgkarBiPakSaTaMgenH . sUm EføgGMNrKuNdl;buKÁlik nigédKUrbs;GgÁkaresdak extþtaEkv Edl)anCYyerobcMeGaymankarBiPakSaRbkbeday EpøpáaCamYyGñktMNagRkumksikrkñúgmUldæan emdwknaMshKmn_ GaCJaFrmUldæan nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilenAkñúgextþ taEkv . RkumGñkRsavRCavsUmEføgGMNrKuNCaBiessdl;elakRsI Nisha Agrawal ¬RbFanFnaKarBiPBelakRbcaM RbeTskm<úCa¦ cMeBaHkardwknaM nigkarKaMRTeBjTMhwgrbs;elakRsI enAkñúgkarsikSaRsavRCavenH . RkumGñkRsavRCav k¾sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl; elakRsI G‘U NarIy:a/ kBaØa Ca lINa ¬kariyal½yFnaKarBiPBelakRbcaMRbeTskm<úCa¦ nig

elakRsI Nona Sachdeva ¬FnaKarBiPBelakRbcaMtMbn;GasIuGaeKñy_/ TIRkugv:asIunetanDIsIu¦ sMrab;karKaMRTEpñk rdæ)al nigPsþúPard¾biunRbsb; karftcmøg BinitüEksMrYl nigkarcat;EcgRtYtBinitükarbkERbr)aykarN_CaPasaExμr. CacugeRkay karsikSaRsavRCavenHBMuGacnwgsMerc)aneLIyRbsinebIKμankic©shkarBIrdæaPi)alkm<úCa nigqnÞ³énkar cUlrYmBIGñkpþl;bTsMPasn_ GñkcUlrYmenAkñúgkarsÞabsÞg;mti nigGñkcUlrYmenAkñúgRkumBiPakSa Edl)ancMNayeBl evlad¾mantMélrbs;xøÜn edIm,ICYydl;karsikSaRsavRCavenHeGaysMerceTA)anRbkbedayeCaKC½y .

ADHOC smaKmkarBarsiT§imnusS nigGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa BSO GgÁkarBnøWsgÁm

CAS mCÄmNÐlsMrab;karsikSaRsavRCavCan;x<s; CBO GgÁkarshKmn_ CCC KN³km μaFikarshRbtibtþikaredIm,Ikm<úCa

CCHR mCÄmNÐlkm<úCaedIm,IsiT§imnusS CCSP KMeragKaMRTRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; CDRI viTüasßanbNþúHbNþal nigRsavRCavedIm,IGPivDÆn_km<úCa

CEDAC mCÄmNÐlsikSa nigGPivDÆn_ksikmμkm<úCa CIC mCÄmNÐlB½t’manshKmn_

CIDA Pñak;garsMrab;karGPivDÆn_GnþrCatikaNada CLEC mCÄmNÐlGb;rMc,ab;sMrab;shKmn_

COMFREL KN³km μaFikaredIm,Ikare)aHeqñatedayesrI nigyutþiFm’enAkm<úCa COPCEL ynþkarbgáarTMnas;kñúgkare)aHeqñatenAkm<úCa

CSD mCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁm CSO GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil

CTSWF shB½n§eTscrN_ nig buKÁlikbMerIesvaenAkm<úCa DP édKUGPivDÆn_

DMC Ed)a:etm:g;pSBVpSay nigTMnak;TMng FA smaKmksikr

FGD RkumBiPakSa GTZ shRbtibtþikarbec©keTsGaløWm:g; IEC B½t’man-karGb;rM-TMnak;TMng

INGO GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGnþrCati J4P KMeragyuutþiFm’sMrab;CnRkIRk

KAP RkumGPivDÆn_PUmi KID viTüasßanExμredIm,IlT§iRbCaFibetyü

K-NAN bNþajts‘UmtiénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alextþkMBg;cam MC&D Rkumh‘unRbwkSa GPivDÆn_ nigB½t’man

MEDiCAM ¬bNþajGgÁkarsuxPaBkñúgRbeTskm<úCa¦

MoEYS RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa MONASRI RksYgTMnak;TMngCamYyrdæsPa RBwT§sPa nig GFikarkic©

MRD RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT MP smaCiksPa

NDI viTüasßanCatiRbCaFibetyü

NEP PaBCaédKUGb;rMénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al NGO GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al ODA CMnYyGPivDÆn_eRkARbeTs

OWSO kariyal½yRckecjcUlEtmYy PACOCO KN³km μaFikarvtþsMrab;karsMrbsMrYl

PACT GgÁkar Pact km<úCa PAP km μviFIskmμPaBGaTiPaB

PECSA km μviFIBRgwgsmtßPaBedIm,IkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm PETS karGegátBIkartamdancMNaysaFarN³ RUPP sklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj RNK viTüúCatikm<úCa SAc karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm

SIDA Pñak;garshRbtibtþikarGPivDÆn_GnþrCatis‘uyEGt SSC KN³km μaFikarRTRTg;salaeron TAF mUlniFiGasIu

TI tmøaPaBGnþrCati UNTAC GaCJaFrbeNþaHGasnñshRbCaCatiRbcaMRbeTskm<úCa USAID Pñak;garshrdæGaemriksMrab;karGPivDÆn__GnþrCati

WB FnaKarBiPBelak

WMC mNÐlB½t’manRsþIkm<úCa YCC RkumRbwkSayuvCnkm<úCa

segçbRbtibtiþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>i

1> karrYmcMENkrbs;sgÁmsIuvilcMeBaHGPi)alkic©l¥enAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>i

2> karviPaKeTAelIlkçx½NÐ nigsmtßPaBedIm,IkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> iv

3> karBRgwgkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>xvi 1> karrYmcMENkrbs;sgÁmsIuvilcMeBaHGPi)alkic©l¥enAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1

1>k> esckþIepþIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1

1>k>1> TidæPaBrYménr)aykarN_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3

1>k>2> viFIsaRsþRsavRCav>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4

1>x> TidæPaBsMxan;²énbribTkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5 1>x>1> dMNak;kaleRkaysRgÁam>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5

1>x>2> ktþaneya)ay>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6

1>x>3> ktþavb,Fm’-sgÁm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9

1>x>4> TMnak;TMngrvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10

1>x>5> sgÁmsIuvil>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12

1>x>6> TMnak;TMngrvagGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nigrdæaPi)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16

1>K> rUbPaBénkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>17

1>K>1> karrYmcMENkdl;eKalneya)ay nig EpnkarsaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18

1>K>2> karXøaMemIlcMNUlsaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20

1>K>3> karcUlrYmeyabl;GMBIfvikasaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20

1>K>4> karXøaMemIlcMNaysaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 21

1>K>5> karEklMGesvasaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23

1>K>6> karRtYtBinitüvis½ysaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>252> karviPaKeTAelIlkçx½NÐ nigsmtßPaBedIm,IkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26 2>k> GMBIB½t’man>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

2>k>1> RbPBénB½t’mansaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26

2>k>2> cMNab;GarmμN_CaGaTiPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28

2>k>3> kgVHkarTamTarrkB½t’man>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29

2>k>4> kgVHtmøaPaB niglT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’mansaFarN³>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>30

2>k>5> RbCaBlrdæmanB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgtic>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32

2>k>6> tYnaTIGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilGMBIbBaðaB½t’man>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34

2>k>7> Gnusasn_ nigskmμPaBEdlKYrGnuvtþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39

2>x> karbeBa©jmti>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42

2>x>1> karbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42

2>x>2 karpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>48

2>x>3> karBwgEp¥ky:agFMeFgeTAelIGñkdwknaMenAmUldæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>49

2>x>4> kgVHynþkarsMrab;karbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51

2>x>5> Gnusasn_ nigskmμPaBEdlKYrGnuvtþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>59

2>K> karrYbrYmCasmaKm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>62

2>K>1> smaKm nigkarrYbrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>62

2>K>2> bBaðaRbQmépÞkñúgEpñkGPi)alkic©rbs;sgÁmsIuvil>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>67

2>K>3> karksagbNþaj nigsm<½n§PaBrbs;sgÁmsIuvil >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>71

2>K>4> Gnusasn_ nigskmμPaBEdlKYrGnuvtþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>74

2>X> karcUlrYmnigkarBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>77

2>X>1> karbegáItbriyakasGMeNaypl nigsßab½nnIykmμénsiT§irbs;RbCaBlrdæ-GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil>>>>>>>78

2>X>2> BI {karts‘Umti} eTACakarBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>79

2>X>3> karelIkkMBs;RbsiT§iPaBynþkarTTYlxusRtUvEdlmanRsab;tamry³karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ >>>84

2>X>4> karBRgIk»kas nigynþkarsMrab;karBiPakSa nigkarcUlrYm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>92

2>X>5> Gnusasn_ nigskmμPaBEdlKYrGnuvtþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>93

3> karBRgwgkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>98

3>k> esckþIsnñidæan>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>98 3>x> skmμPaBCaGaTiPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>99

3>x>1> skmμPaBGaTiPaBsMrab;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>99

3>x>2> skmμPaBGaTiPaBsMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>100

3>x>3> skmμPaBGaTiPaBsMrab;édKUGPivDÆn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>101

Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>103

sTÞanuRkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>109

taragRbGb;

RbGb;TI 1 TidæPaBrYménGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilenAkm<úCa ----------------------------------------- 13

RbGb;TI 2 karelIkkMBs;PaBCaédKUrvagRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; nigGgÁkarshKmn_ - kmμviFI LAAR ------- 19

RbGb;TI 3 KMeragXøaMemIlfvikaCatirbs;GgÁkar NGO Forum ---------------------------------- 22

RbGb;TI 4 smaKmsuxPaBPUmi - RkumGPivDÆn_PUmi ------------------------------------------ 24

RbGb;TI 5 rUbPaBén {TIRbwkSaRbCaBlrdæ} EdlmanRbCaRbiyPaB ------------------------------ 38

RbGb;TI 6 ]TahrN_énkarBRgwgkarbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ enAkñúgbribTvimCÄkar---------------- 47

RbGb;TI 7 ]TahrN_énkare)aHBum<pSaytamtMbn;edIm,ICaynþkarbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæmUldæan ----- 54

RbGb;TI 8 smaKmksikrrbs;GgÁkaresdak---------------------------------------------- 66

RbGb;TI 9 bNþajts‘UmtiénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alRbcaMextþkMBg;cam (K-NAN) --------------------- 72

RbGb;TI10 KMerag {bNþajGñkPUmi} EdlKaMRTedayGgÁkar GTZ -------------------------------- 73

RbGb;TI11 karlM)akenAkñúgkarpøas;bþÚrBI {sßanPaBsgÁmbc©úb,nñ} eGayeTACa {clnasgÁm}------------ 81

RbGb;TI12 KMeragKaMRTRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; ----------------------------------------------- 86

RbGb;TI13 bTBiesaFn_rbs;smaKmRTRTg;salaeron nigKN³kmμkarRTRTg;salaeronextþkMBg;FM ------- 89

taragrUbPaB

rUbPaBTI 1 ]TahrN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa -------------------------------------- 17

rUbPaBTI 2 RbPBsMxan;²énB½t’mansaFarN³---------------------------------------------- 27

rUbPaBTI 3 RbPBsMxan;²énB½t’mansaFarN³sMrab;RbCaBlrdæEdl {RkIRkbMput} -------------------- 28

rUbPaBTI 4 cMNab;Garm μN_CaGaTiPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ Tak;TgeTAnwgB½t’mansaFarN³---------------- 29

rUbPaBTI 5 karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaBlrdæGMBIc,ab; ¬EbgEckeTAtamePT¦--------------------------- 33

rUbPaBTI 6 karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaBlrdæGMBIfvikaCati ----------------------------------------- 33

rUbPaBTI 7 karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaBlrdæGMBIfvikaRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;----------------------------- 34

rUbPaBTI 8 kMriténskm μPaB smtßPaB nigPaBsMxan;rbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilGMBIB½t’mansaFarN³- kargar pSBVpSay -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

rUbPaBTI 9 sV½yvaytMélelIsmtßPaBrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alTak;TgeTAnwgkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm------ 36 rUbPaBTI 10 PaKryénRbCaBlrdæEdl)ancUlrYmkic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; -------------------- 43

rUbPaBTI 11 ehtuplrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkarmincUlrYmkic©RbCMuRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; ------------------- 44

rUbPaBTI 12 ehtuplrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkarmincUlrYmkic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; ¬tamGayu¦ ------ 44

rUbPaBTI 13 critlkçN³énkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkic©RbCMuRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; ----------------- 45

rUbPaBTI 14 TsSn³RbCaBlrdæGMBIGñkEdlGackarBarBYkeKBIkarbg;éføQñÜleRkApøÚvkareTAeGayGaCJaFr --- 49

rUbPaBTI 15 \Ti§Blrbs;RbCaBlrdæeTAelIkarsMerccitþGMBIfvikaCati ------------------------------ 49

rUbPaBTI 16 etIRbCaBlrdæRtUvbþwgeTAnrNaGMBIbBaðaesvasaFarN³? ----------------------------- 50

rUbPaBTI 17 kMritsmaCikPaBenAkñúgGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ---------------------------------------- 62

rUbPaBTI 18 smaCikPaBrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuviltamGayu ------------------------------------- 63

rUbPaBTI 19 smaCikPaBrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuviltamtMbn; -------------------------------------- 63

rUbPaBTI 20 smaCikPaBrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuviltamRbePTGgÁkar nigGayu ------------------------ 64

rUbPaBTI 21 sV½yvaytMélrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGMBIkarRKb;RKgépÞkñúg ------------------------- 70

rUbPaBTI 22 \T§iBlrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)altamkaryl;eXIjrbs;xøÜneTAelIdMeNIrkarGPi)alkic© ------- 80

rUbPaBTI 23 karyl;eXIjrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGMBI]bsKÁcMeBaHKMnitpþÜcepþImEpñkTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm --- 82

rUbPaBTI 24 RbePTKMnitpþÜcepþImEpñkkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCanaeBlbc©úb,nñ-------------------- 83

rUbPaBTI 25 tMrUvkarsmtßPaBrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)aledIm,IEklMGskmμPaBTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm --------- 84

rUbPaBTI 26 karrIkcMerInCMuvijkareqøIytbrbs;GaCJaFrXMu-sgáat; --------------------------------- 86

rUbPaBTI 27 karyl;dwgrbs;RbCaBlrdæGMBIKN³kmμaFikarKaMRTsalaeron ------------------------- 88

i

1> karrYmcMENkrbs;sgÁmsIuvilcMeBaHGPi)alkic©l¥enAkm<úCa

1>k> esckþIepþIm

1> GPi)alkic©RtUv)anTTYlsÁal;faCabBaðaRbQmy:agF¶n;F¶rbMputcMeBaHkarGPivDÆn_enAkm<úCa . kic©karGPi)alkic©l¥tMrUv eGaymanminRtwmEtkarebþCJacitþrbs;rdæaPi)alb:ueNÑaHeT k¾b:uEnþk¾tMrUveGaymanpgEdrnUvkarTamTary:agskm μBIRbCa Blrdæ nigsgÁmsIuvil . bc©úb,nñenHraCrdæaPi)almanKMnitpþÜcepþImepSg² edIm,IEklMGGPi)alkic© edayepIþmecjBI “Epñkxagkñúg”. karsikSaenHepþatCasMxan;eTAelItYnaTI ¬siT§i nigkrNIykic©¦ rbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil

kñúgkarCMrujnUv karTamTar RbkbedayRbsiT§iPaB eGaymanGPi)alkic©l¥ .

2> karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm sMedAdl;bNþaskm μPaB nigynþkarTaMgLay ¬elIsBIkare)aHeqñat¦ EdlRbCaBlrdæGacyk mkeRbIR)as;edIm,ICYyeGayrdæaPi)alkan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB nigmankarTTYlxusRtUv ehIyk¾sMedAdl;skmμPaBnana rbs;rdæaPi)al sgÁmsIuvil RbB½n§pSBVpSay nigtYGgÁdéTeTotkñúgsgÁm EdlelIkkMBs; b¤bgálkçN³gayRsYleGay mankic©xitxMRbwgERbgEbbenHEdr . tYy:agénkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmrYmman kic©xitxMrbs;RbCaBlrdæ b¤GgÁkarsgÁm sIuvilkñúgkar ³ • TTYlB½t’manRKb;RKan;GMBIkmμviFI skmμPaB nigKMeragfvikarbs;rdæaPi)al ¬dUcCatamry³karTTYl)anÉksar b¤

cUlrYmkñúgkic©RbCMusaFarN³¦

• sMEdgecjCasaFarN³nUvmtieyabl; nigtMrUvkarrbs;xøÜn ¬dUcCatamry³karsÞabsÞg;mtiCasaFarN³ evTika saFarN³ b¤km μviFI {CECkBiPakSa} tamviTüú¦

• viPaK nigpþl;eyabl;eTAelIÉksarsaFarN³sMxan;² ¬dUcCakarviPaKedayÉkraCüeTAelIeKalneya)ay b¤ KMeragfvika¦

• XøaMemIlkarcMNaysaFarN³ ¬dUcCafvikasMrab;salaeron b¤mUlniFiRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;¦

• XøaMemIl nigvaytMéleTAelIesvakmμnanarbs;rdæ ¬dUcCakareFIVsvnkmμsgÁm b½NÑraykarN_rbs;RbCaBlrdæ b¤ b½NÑdak;BinÞúrbs;shKmn_¦

• BinitüemIleTAelIskm μPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al ¬dUcCa tamry³karykB½t’manEbbesIubGegát b¤karsÞabsÞg;mtiGMBI GMeBIBukrlYy¦

• rYmcMENkkñúgdMeNIrkarénkareFIVesckIþsMerccitþCasaFarN³ ¬dUcCa karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ b¤GgÁkarsgÁm sIuvil enAkñúgRkumRbwkSasaFarN³ b¤RkumkargarepSg²¦.

ii

3> viFIsaRsþdUcerobrab;xagelIenH BMuEmnedIrtYnaTICMnYsynþkarpøÚvkarénkarTTYlxusRtUvenaHeT b:uEnþpÞúyeTAvijKWCakar bMeBjbEnßm nigBRgwgdl;ynþkarpøÚvkarTaMgenaH . dUecñHehIy karsikSaenHKWeFIVkarvaytMéleTAelIkarGnuvtþn_kar TTYlxusRtUvsgÁmnaeBlbc©úb,nñenAkm<úCa edaykMNt;rk]bsKÁ nig»kascMbg² RBmTaMgpþl;Caeyabl;BIkarEktMrUv nigskmμPaBCaGaTiPaBEdlKYrGnuvtþn_ .

1>x> TidæPaBsMxan;²énbribTkm<úCa

4> sßanPaBénkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa )anTTYlrgnUv\T§iBlBIktþabribTsMxan;² mYycMnYn . sRgÁamEdleTIbbBa©b;naeBlfIμ² )aneFVIeGayesckIþTukcitþ nigsamKÁIPaBsgÁmFøak;cuH RBmTaMgeFIVeGay skm μPaBrYmrbs;shKmn_ CaBiessenAtMbn;CnbT mankarfycuH . sRgÁamd¾ruaMér:enaHk¾)anbM)ak;sμartIRbCaBlrdæ eGaymankarxøacrGarcMeBaHGaCJaFr nigeFIVeGayBYkeKmanesckþIR)afñay:agRCaleRCAcg;)ansnþiPaB nigPaBsuxudum kñúgsgÁm .

5> ktþaneya)ay k¾man\T§iBly:agFMeFgeTAelIkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmpgEdr . lTi§RbCa FibetyüBhubkS)anelcCarUbrageLIgehIyEmn b:uEnþenAmanlkçN³ek μgx©InigedayGenøIenAeLIy . ebIeTaHbICa rcnasm<½n§neya)aykMBugEtmankarpøas;bþÚrKYreGaykt;sMKal;kIþ k¾rdæ)alrbs;km<úCaenAEtbnþTTYlrg\T§iBlBIkarRKb; RKgtamEbbRbéBNI nigtamEbbTMnak;TMngecAhVaynay-kUnecAenAeLIy . GMNaceRcInEtRtUv)anRbmUlpþMúenAkñúg édbuKÁl CaCagenAkñúgsßab½n EdlktþaenHbgáeGayRbCaBlrdæmankarlM)akkñúgkarBwgEp¥keTAelIynþkarkariyaFib- etyü . RbéBNIénkarTTYlxusRtUv {BIfñak;eRkamcMeBaHfñak;elI} CaCag {BIfñak;elIcMeBaHfñak;eRkam} d¾twgruwg)anbgá eGaymannUvbBaðaRbQmmYy . b:uEnþdMeNIrkarvimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarnaeBlbc©úb,nñ)anpþl;nUv»kasd¾sMxan;mYy edIm,IeFVIeGayrdæaPi)al {kan;Et)anxitCitRbCaCn} .

6> ktþasgÁm nigvb,Fm’ man\T§iBly:agsMxan; ehIybc©úb,nñenHk¾kMBugsßitkñúgsPaBERbRbYlpgEdr . RbéBNIénsgÁm km<úCa manzananuRkmc,as;las; edaysgát;F¶n;eTAelIkareKarBcMeBaHGaCJaFr ehIyBMusUvrab;RsþI nigRkumdéTeTot EdlBMusUvmanGMNacbBa©ÚleTAkñúgdMeNIrkarsMerccitþCasaFarN³eLIy . ebIeTaHbICasBVéf¶enHmankarpøas;bþÚrxøHenA kñúgcMeNamyuvCnEpñk\riyabf nigKuNtMélkIþ k¾viFIsaRsþnanasMrab;elIkkMBs;karRtYtBinitü nigXøaMemIly:agskm μ rbs;RbCaCneTAelIskmμPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al nwgCYbRbTHbBaðaRbQmRsYcRsal; .

7> TMnak;TMngrvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al k¾kMBugEtvivtþn_KYreGaykt;sMKal;pgEdr b:uEnþRbCaBlrdækm<úCaCaeRcIn Ca BiessGñkEdlmanv½ycMNas; nigRbCaBlrdæEdlrs;enAtMbn;CnbT eRcInEtmanTsSn³Ebbbituniymy:agRCaleRCA cMeBaHrdæaPi)al eBalKWpþl;karTukcitþeGayrdæaPi)alCaGñkeFVIkarsMerccitþCMnYsxøÜn . ehtudUecñHehIyBYkKat;BMusUvKit KUreRcInBIbBaðasiT§iRbCaBlrdæ karpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæ b¤GMBIkatBVkic©rbs;m®nþIrdæaPi)alEdlCaGñkbMeBjPar- kic©enaHeT .

iii

8> sgÁmsIuvil enAkm<úCak¾CaplmYyénRbvtþisaRsþd¾BiessEpñkneya)ay nigsgÁmrbs;RbeTsenHEdr . GgÁkareRkA rdæaPi)alEdlmanlkçN³CaGaCIBPaKeRcInenAkm<úCasBVéf¶enH mYycMENkFMekIteLIgedaysar\T§iBl nigCMnYyEpñk hirBaØvtßúBIm©as;CMnYyGnþrCati CaCagedaysarkarebIkcMhbnþicmþg²én»kasEbbRbCaFibetyü karrIkduHdaleday ÉkÉgénGgÁkarshKmn_ karkekItmannUvvb,Fm’sμR½Kcitþnigskm μCnsgÁm b¤smaKmsb,úrsFm’rbs;mnusSkñúgvNѳ kNþal . GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)almankarBwgEp¥ky:agxøaMgeTAelIm©as;CMnYy ehIyPaKeRcInminsUvmankarpSarP¢ab; CamYyshKmn_mUldæaneLIy . RbsinebIsgÁmsIuvil RtUv)ancat;TukfaCa {EdnsaFarN³EdlRbCaBlrdæGac R)aRs½yTak;TgKñaedayesrIedIm,IelIkkMBs;plRbeyaCn_rYm} enaH GBa©wgsgÁmsIuvilenAkm<úCaenAmanPaBTn;exSay enAeLIy . karR)aRs½yTak;TgKñaCalkçN³sßab½nrvagGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkm<úCaCamYynwgrdæaPi)al enAmankMrittic tYcNas; .

1>K> rUbPaBénkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa

9> GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al)anrYmcMENky:agsMxan;dl;karekItmanénvb,Fm’RbCaFibetyüenAkm<úCa CaBiesstamry³ karelIkkMBs;karyl;dwg nigskmμPaBbNþúHbNþal b:uEnþebIniyayBIkarrYmcMENkrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilcMeBaH GPi)alkic©l¥ tamry³karEsVgrk nigpSBVpSayB½t’manGMBIrdæaPi)al karcUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarBiPakSa nigkarsMerc citþ k¾dUcCakareFVIeGayrdæaPi)almankarTTYlxusRtUvenaH KWenAmanlkçN³fI μefμagenAeLIy ehIymanbBaðaRbQm eRcIn .

10> ebIeTaHbIKMnitpþÜcepþImEpñkkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm eTIbEtekItmanenAkm<úCakþI k¾karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIj skm μPaBkargarEpñkTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm ¬kñúgRTg;RTaytUc²¦ CaeRcInTaMgenAfñak;mUldæan nigfñak;Cati EdlmaneKal bMNg ³ • rYmcMENkdl;eKalneya)ay nigEpnkarsaFarN³ ¬]TahrN_ ³ kic©xitxMrbs;GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alkñúgkar

pþl;mtieyabl;dl;karerobcMeKalneya)ayfñak;Cati b¤sMrbsMrYleGayRbCaBlrdæ)ancUlrYmenAkñúgkarerobcM Epnkarrbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;¦ .

• XøaMemIlcMNUlsaFarN³ ¬]TahrN_ ³ yuT§nakar {e)aHBum<pSaynUvGVIEdlGñk)ancMNay :EdleTIbdMeNIrkar fI첦 .

• man\T§iBleTAelIKMeragfvikasaFarN³ ¬]TahrN_ ³ naeBlfμ I²enH evTikaGgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al )anbegIát eGaymanKMeragXøaMemIlfvikaCati¦ .

• XøaMemIlcMNaysaFarN³ ¬]TahrN_ ³ kic©xitxMrbs; bNþajPaBCaédKUGb;rMénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al kñúgkar XøaMemIlkarcMNaysaFarN³enAkñúgvis½yGb;rM¦ .

• EklMGesvasaFarN³ ¬]TahrN_ ³ RkumGPivDÆn_PUmi)anbegáItKN³kmμaFikarsmaKmsuxPaBPUmi¦ .

iv

• pþl;karRtYtBinitüCasaFarN³ ¬dUcCa KN³km μaFikarRtYtBinitüXMu-sgáat; Edl]btßmÖedayGgÁkar PACT kar ENnaMeGayeRbIR)as;nUv r)aykarN_cMNat;fñak;rbs;RbCaBlrdæ edayKMeragKaMRTRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; nigkar XøaMemIlsPa RBmTaMgkarsikSaBIGMeBIBukrlYy edaymCÄmNÐlGPivDÆn_sgÁm¦.

11> Kitmkdl;bc©úb,nñenHkarGnuvtþn_KMnitpþÜcepþImsIþBIkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa enAmanRbsiTi§PaBtictYcenAeLIy . EteTaHCay:agNakþI karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa mankarcab;Garm μN_ nigqnÞ³eRcInkñúgkarBRgIk nigCMruj skm μPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ehIynigRbsiTi§PaBkñúgvis½yenH .

2> karviPaKeTAelIlkçx½NÐ nigsmtßPaBedIm,IkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa

12> karsikSa)ankMNt;nUvEpñksMxan;²énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm ehIy)anrkeXIjnUvktþaGMeNaypl nigktþaraMgsÞH RBm CamYynwgcMNucxøaMg nigbBaðaRbQm enAkñúgEpñknImYy²dUcxageRkam ³ • B½t’man - etIRbCaBlrdæGacTTYl)an nigbegIátnUvB½t’manEdlBak;B½n§nwgxøÜneK)anEdrb£eT?

• karbeBa©jmti – etIRbCaBlrdæGacsMEdgBIkgVl; nigbgðajBIGaTiPaBrbs;xøÜn)anEdrb¤eT ¬edaymankareRCam ERCgBIGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil¦?

• karrYbrYmCasmaKm - etIRbCaBlrdæGacbegáItCasmaKm ehIyeRbIR)as;smaKmenaHedIm,IRbmUlpþMúmti nigsMEdg ecjnUvmtieyabl;TaMgenaH)anEdrb¤eT?

• karcUlrYm nigkarBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna - etIRbCaBlrdæGacpSarP¢ab;TMnak;TMng nigcUlrYmkñúgdMeNIr karsMerccitþCasaFarN³)anEdrb¤eT?

2>k> GMBIB½t’man

13> ktþaGMeNaypld¾sMxan;mYysMrab;karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm KWkarEdlRbCaBlrdæmannUv B½t’mansaFarN³ EdlRtwmRtUv nigBak;B½n§dl;BYkeK . kalebIRbCaBlrdæBMumanlT§PaBTTYl)an b¤begIátB½t’manGMBIeKalneya)ay nignItiviFI KMerag fvika karcMNay km μviFInigesvasaFarN³eT enaHBYkeKBMumanKMniteyabl;sMrab;cUlrYmkñúgkarBiPakSaCasaFarN³ b£XøaMemIlskm μPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al b¤crcarCamYym®nþIsaFarN³eGaymanRbsiT§iPaBeLIy . bTBiesaFn_CaTUeTA bgðajfa ebIeTaHbIenARKadMbUgrdæaPi)alEtgmanPaBsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarEckrMElkB½t’mank¾eday k¾TIbMputPaBeCOCak; nig TMnukcitþBIsaFarN³EdlTTYl)anBIkarEckrMElkB½t’man )aneFIVeGayrdæaPi)als¶b;citþedaysarEtGtßRbeyaCn_én tmøaPaBEbbenaH .

14> Tak;TgnwgbBaðaB½t’mansMrab;RbCaBlrdæ karRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjTaMg»kas nigbBaðaRbQmsMxan;²mYycMnYnenA kñúgbribTkm<úCa . »kassMxan;²rYmmankarpSayénviTüú nigTUrTsSn_EdlRKbdNþb;nUvvisalPaBFMTUlay ehIynig RbkarEdlRbCaBlrdæ)anbgðajBIkarGarm μN_rbs;eKcMeBaHB½t’mansaFarN³ ¬CaBiessB½t’mansIþBIbBaðaenAmUldæan

v

Edlplb:HBal;pÞal;dl;suxumalPaBrUbv½nþrbs;BYkeK¦ . eRkABIenHRbCaBlrdæk¾Kitfa vaCakarsMxan;Nas;EdlBYk eK KYrTTYl)anB½t’man . rIÉbBaðaRbQmcMbg² rYmman ³

15> kgVHkarTamTarrkB½t’man - ebIeTaHbIRbCaBlrdæmankarcab;Garm μN_ nigeGaytMéleTAelIB½t’mansaFarN³k¾eday k¾karTamTarrkB½t’mansarFarN³TaMgenaHBIsMNak;RbCaBlrdæ enAmankMrittictYcenAeLIy . bBaðaenHekIteLIg edaysarkgVHkaryl;dwgGMBIsiT§ikñúgkarTTYl)anB½t’man PaBsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkaresñIsMuB½t’manEdlmanlkçN³ {resIb{ nigkgVHkaryl;dwgGMBIviFIEsVgrkB½t’man b¤viFIeRbIR)as;B½t’manedIm,InaMeGaymankarpøas;bþÚr . karRsavRCav)anrk eXIjnUvkaryl;eXIjCaTUeTAfa bBaðaGPi)alkic©KWBMuEmnCaerOgEdlRbCaBlrdæsamBaØRtUvxVl;xVayeLIyehIybBaða EbbenH rYmCamYynwgbBaðaEpñkesvasaFarN³pg KWmanEtfñak;elIeTEdlGacedaHRsay)an .

16> kgVHnUvtmøaPaB niglT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’mansaFarN³ - enAkm<úCa bBaðakgVHnUvkarTamTard¾skm μrkB½t’man KWRtUv )aneFIVeGayF¶n;F¶rEfmeTot edaysarrdæaPi)alBMusUvmantmøaPaB ehIylT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’mansaFarN³k¾enA mankMritTabEdr . enAkñúgsgÁmkm<úCa BMumanTMlab;kñúgkarEckrMElkB½t’mansaFarN³CalkçN³RbB½n§ b¤CalkçN³pøÚv kareLIy Éc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYl)anB½t’mank¾BMuTan;RtUv)anGnum½tEdr . ehtudUecñHehIy mRnþIrdæaPi)alBMumanTMlab;kñúg karEckrMElkB½t’maneLIy ehIyBYkeKBMumanGarm μN_famansuvtßiPaBeT kñúgkarsMerccitþfaB½t’manEbbNaEdlGac b¤ KYrEckrMElkeTAxageRkA CaBiesscMeBaHm®nIþraCkarenAfñak;eRkam . CagenHeTot BYkeKEtgmankarsÞak;esIÞrkñúgkar beBa©jB½t’manEdlmanlkçN³ :resIb :. karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa lT§PaBrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkarTTYl )anB½t’manEpñkhirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ ¬dUcCaGMBI cMNUl KMeragfvika nigcMNayrbs;rdæaPi)alkm<úCa¦ KWkan;Etmantic tYceTAeTot .

17> RbCaBlrdæmanB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgtic - edaysarmUlehtudUcxagelIenHehIy karRsavRCav)anrkeXIjfa CaTUeTA RbCaBlrdæmanB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgtictYcGMBIvis½ysaFarN³ ehIykaryl;dwgrbs;BYkeKGMBIEpñkhirBaØvtßúsaFarN³ rwtEtmankMritTabeTAeTot . cMENkÉenAfñak;mUldæan ebIeTaHbICaCaTUeTARbCaBlrdæmankaryl;dwgl¥bgÁÜrGMBIRkum RbwkSaXMu-sgáat;k¾eday k¾BYkeKenAEtminsUvdwgGMBIfvika nigkarcMNayrbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;Edr . CagenHeTot ebIeTaHbIGñkEdlRkumRsavRCav)anCYbenAkñúgRkumBiPakSa )anbgðajBIkarcab;Garm μN_rbs;eKcMeBaHB½t’manGMBIfvika XMu-sgáat;; nigrebobcMNayFnFany:agNakþI k¾BYkeK)aneGaydwgfaB½t’manEbbenHBi)aknwgrk)anNas; ehIyk¾BMu EmnsMrab;pþl;CUnRbCaBlrdæsamBaØEdr . karEdlRbCaBlrdæBMusUvmanesckIþkøahan nigGMNac k¾CaktþamYybnÞúc bg¥ak;dl;karTamTarrkB½t’manEdr .

18> PaBTn;exSayéntYnaTIrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEpñkB½t’man - karrYmcMENkkñúgkarpSBVpSayB½t’mansaFarN³EdlBak; B½n§ehIynigkarGb;rMRbCaBlrdæGMBIbBaðacMbg²kñúgEpñksaFarN³KWCatYnaTIsñÚlrbs;sgÁmsIuvil . EteTaHCay:agNakIþ enAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa tYnaTIrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdleFIVkarEpñkGPi)alkic© kñúgkarEsVgrk begIát eRbIR)as; nigEck

vi

rMElkB½t’man KWkMBugelceLIgy:agsnSwm² ehIysißtkñúgsPaBTn;exSayenAeLIy . manGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEtmYy cMnYntUcb:ueNÑaH Edl)anGPivDÆCMnajÉkeTsEpñk B½t’man-karGb;rM-TMnak;TMng (IEC) nigEpñkpSBVpSayTak;TgeTA nwgRbFanbTGPi)alkic© b¤karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm . rIÉkic©xitxMCalkçN³RbB½n§kñúgkarEsVgrk nigviPaKB½t’manTak;Tg nwgrdæaPi)al b¤begIát nigpSBVpSayB½t’manEdlTTYl)anBIkarRsavRCavÉkraCü b¤mtieyabl;rbs;RbCaBlrdæ KWkMr nwgeXIjmanNas; . karsikSaenH)anrkeXIjfa ebIsUm,IenAkñúgcMeNamGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGaCIBkIþ k¾GgÁkarTaMg enHmanB½t’man nigcMeNHdwgBIvis½ysaFarN³kñúgkMritd¾tictYcEdr . buKÁlikénGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alGaCIBEdlRtUv )aneFIVkarsÞabsÞg;mti)anbgðajfaBYkeKmanB½t’man-cMeNHdwgtictYcGMBIeKalneya)ay nItiviFI nigfvikasaFarN³.

19> Gnusasn_ cMnYn3RtUv)anesñIeLIgedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmTaMgenH

Gnusasn_ k>1- CMrujeGayRbCaBlrdæeGaymankarTamTard¾skm μnUvB½t’mansaFarN³

]TahrN_ tamry³ • karelIkTwkcitþGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdleFVIkarenAtamshKmn_ ¬kñúgvis½yepSg²¦ eGaybBa©ÚlnUvEpñk {B½t’man

saFarN³} eTAkñúgkm μviFIrbs;xøÜn ¬dUcCaEckrMElkCamYysmaCik nigRkumeKaledA nUvB½t’mansþIBIc,ab; eKal neya)ay Epnkar nigfvikasaFarN³ EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgskm μPaBbc©úb,nñ¦ .

• karelIkkMBs;karcab;Garm μN_enAkñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdæsamBaØ GMBIbBaðaGPi)alkic© tamry³yuT§nakar IEC

EdlmanB½t’manGMBIsßab½n nigdMeNIkarGPi)alkic©mUldæan k¾dUcCaGMBIeKalkarN_CamUldæanénlT§iRbCaFib- etyü siT§i RBmTaMgkrNIykic©rbs;RbCaBlrdæ .

• karCMrujskm μPaBnanaQaneTAGnum½tc,ab;sþIBIkarTTYl)anB½t’mansaFarN³ nigpSBVpSayCUnRbCaBlrdæGMBI siT§irbs;BYkeKcMeBaHB½t’man.

Gnusasn_ k>2- elIkkMBs;lT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’manEdlBak;B½n§pÞal;nwgsuxmalPaBrbs; RbCaBlrdæ CaBiessenAfñak;eRkamCati ¬fñak;XMu Rsuk nigextþ¦. ]TahrN_ tamry³

• karENnaMeGayeRbIR)as;nUvRkménkarGnuvtþn_sIþBIlT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’manGMBIrdæaPi)al . • karENnaMdl;Gñkpþl;esvaenAfñak;mUldæan ¬dUcCa salaeron nigmNÐlsuxPaB¦ eGayEckrMElkCasaFarN³

nUvB½t’manGMBIfvika nigkarcMNay . • karXøaMemIl nigkarKaMRTdl;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;Tak;TgnwgkarRbtibtiþtamnUveKalkarN_énkareFIVEpnkar

EdlmankarcUlrYm nigtmøaPaBénkarRKb;RKgfvika .

vii

Gnusasn_ k>3- elIkkMBs;cMeNHdwgrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilelIvis½ysaFarN³¼rdæaPi)al nigksagsmtßPaBBYkeKkñúgkareFIVkarsikSaRsavRCavedayÉkraCü viPaK nigerobcMsMPar³IEC

sMrab;eKalbMNgkargarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm .

]TahrN_ tamry³ • karerobcMsikçasalaEckrMElkB½t’man edIm,ICYyelIkkMBs;cMeNHdwgrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdlCaRbtibtþikr

TaMgGs;GMBIc,ab; eKalneya)ay nignItiviFIrdæ)alsaFarN³EdlBak;B½n§ .l.

• karelIkkMBs; nigKaMRTPaBCaédKU EdlkñúgenaHGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilGacshkarCamYybNþaRksYg edIm,IEksMrYl B½t’mansaFarN³ eGaymanxøwmsarsamBaØsMrab;pSBVpSay .

• karbNþúHbNþaldl;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEpñksikSaRsavRCav viPaK TMnak;TMng nigskm μPaBGb;rMsaFarN³ . • karelIkkMBs; nigKaMRTeGaymanTMnak;TMngkan;Etl¥RbesIrrvagGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nigtYGgÁnanaenAkñúgRbB½n§

pSBVpSay.

2>x> GMBIkarbeBa©jmti

20> smtßPaBrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkar beBa©jmti GMBITsSn³ esckþIRtUvkar nigkarRBYy)armÖrbs;BYkeK edIm,IeGay GaCJaFrrdæaPi)al)andwgkan;Etc,as;GMBIGaTiPaBrbs;BYkeKenaH KWCaEpñksMxan;mYyeToténkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm . RbsinebIRbCaBlrdæmineBjcitþcMeBaHesvasaFarN³ b¤KitfasiT§irbs;BYkeKRtUv)anbMBan b:uEnþBYkeKKμanmeFüa)ay {sMEdgecj} nUvbTBiesaFn_ nigkþI)armÖTaMgenaHeT GBa©wglT§PaBQaneTArkkarpøas;bþÚrCaviC¢manedIm,IeqIøytbeTAnwg esckþIRtUvkarrbs;RbCaBlrdæKWmantictYcNas; . Cafμ ImþgeTot enAkñúgbribTRbeTskm<úCakarsikSaRsavRCavenH )anrkeXIjfaman»kaspg nigbBaðaRbQmpg Tak;TgeTAnwgkarbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæenH .

21> karsMEdgmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ - RbCaBlrdækm<úCa)ansMEdgnUvcMNab;Garm μN_ nigqnÞ³kñúgkareRbIR)as;sMelgrbs;xøÜn dUcCatamry³karcUlrYmenAkñúgkare)aHeqñat nigkic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; . EteTaHCay:agNakþI karsikSa RsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa RbCaBlrdæGacnwgcUlrYm)aneRcInRbsinebIBYkeKRtUv)anGeBa¢IjCapøÚvkar nigc,as;las; ehIyBYkeKenAmanPaBsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkarsYrsMNYr b¤riHKn;skm μPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al b¤GaCJaFredaycMh . ebIeTaHbICa manRbCaBlrdæeRcInbgÁÜr)ancUlrYmkñúgkic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;kIþ k¾karcUlrYmrbs;eKKWPaKeRcInRKan;EteTA GgÁúysþab;b:ueNÑaH ehIyBMumanlkçN³erobryl¥eT ¬cUlrYmkñúgnamCabuKÁl KWBMuEmntMNageGayRkum b¤smaKmNa mYyeLIy¦ . kgVHesckIþkøahan ¬KitfaGVIEdlBYkKat;niyaynwgBuMRtUv)aneKTTYlsþab; b¤Gnuvtþtam¦ nigkarP½yxøac cMeBaHkarsgswkNamYy RtUv)anrkeXIjfaCa]bsKÁd¾cMbgcMeBaHkarsMEdgmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ . m®nþIsaFarN³BMu manTmøab;TTYlykkarBinitüBic½y b¤karsYredjedalBIRbCaBlrdæ b¤GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilenaHeT ehIyCajwkjab;eKBMu suxcitþTTYlsþab;karecaTsYr b¤mtieyabl;riHKn;eLIy . EteTaHCay:agenHkIþ karRsavRCavenHk¾)anrkeXIjEdrfa

viii

dMeNIrkarvimCÄkarnaeBlbc©úb,nñ RbsinebIcat;EcgeGay)ansmRsb nwg)anCaskþanuBld¾BiesssMrab;karelIk kMBs;karpøas;bþÚr\riyabf nigGakb,kiriyarbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigGaCJaFr .

22> karpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæ - GaRs½yedaybTdæanvb,Fm’ nigtfPaBsgÁmneya)ay RbCaBlrdæ)an)at;bg;nUv GMNac ehIyBMusUvmanTMnukcitþelIsmtßPaBrbs;xøÜn ¬CalkçN³buKÁl b¤smUhPaB¦ kñúgkareFVIeGayman\T§iBlelI karsMerccitþ b¤eFVIeGaymankarpøas;bþÚrNamYyenaHeT . \riyabfbituniym ehtuplénTMnak;TMngEbbecAhVaynay-kUnecA nigkarP½yxøaccMeBaHkartbtNamYy KWCaktþarYmcMENkeFVIeGayRbCaBlrdæminmanGMNac nigKitfaxøÜnmin GaceFIVGIV)aneLIy . RsþI yuvCn nigRbCaBlrdæRkIRk RbQmnwgkarlM)akCageKkñúgkarTTYl)anB½t’man karbeBa©j mtieyabl; nigkarCH\Ti§Bldl;karpøas;bþÚrNamYy . ehtudUecñH CacaM)ac;Kb,Imankic©xitxMRbwgERbgc,as;las; nig Cak;lak; edIm,Ipþl;GMNac nigKaMRTdl;RkumEdlBMusUvmanGMNacTaMgenH . ebIeTaHbInaeBlbc©úb,nñenH manGgÁkar eRkArdæaPi)alEt mYycMnYntUckMBugmankic©xitxMRbwgERbgenAfñak;mUldæanedIm,IBRgwgGMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæ nigBRgwg sMelgrbs;BYkeKy:agNakþI karsikSaenH)anrkeXIjnUv]TahrN_l¥²mYycMnYnEdlKYreronsURttam .

23> karBwgEp¥ky:agFMeFgeTAelIGñkdwknaMenAmUldæan - edaysarRbCaBlrdæminsUvmanGMNac ehIyeRcInEtBwgEp¥kelI TMnak;TMngpÞal;xøÜnEbbecAhVaynay-kUnecA emø:aHehIyRbCaBlrdæsamBaØBwgEp¥ky:agFMeFgeTAelIGñkdwknaMenAmUl dæan kñúgkarelIkeLIgnUvbBaða EføgBIesckþIRtUvkar nigTsSn³epSg²CMnYsxøÜn . GñkdwknaMenAtamshKmn_ nigfñak; mUldæanmanskþanuBly:agFMeFgkñúgkarBRgwgGMNac nigeKogKrRbCaBlrdæ EkERb\riyabf nigGakb,kiriya sMrb sMrYlkarTMnak; TMngCamYyGaCJaFrsaFarN³ BaMnaMkþI)armÖrbs;mUldæaneTAfñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati RBmTaMgpþl;nUvKMrUdwk naMCaRbcaMmYyénkardwknaMEdlRbkbeTAedaykarTTYlxusRtUv . CaGkusl karRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfaGñkdwknaM CaeRcIn ¬TaMgenAkñúgCYrrdæaPii)alnigsgÁmsIuvilenARKb;kMritfñak;¦ Rbkan;\riyabfEbbzananuRkmpþac;karfñak;elI-fñak; eRkam ehIyminsUvKitfa {kardwknaMCakarpþl;esva} b¤ {karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHfñak;eRkam} eLIy .

24> kgVHynþkarsMrab;eGayRbCaBlrdæbeBa©jmti - karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa eRkABIkare)aHeqñat nigkarcUl rYmenAkñúgkic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; RbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilman»kas nigynþkartictYcNas; sMrab; beBa©jTsSn³ nigkþI)armÖrbs;xøÜnCasaFarN³enaH . evTikasaFarN³EdlCa»kasd¾l¥bMput kñúgkarbeBa©jmti eyabl; nigelIkeLIgBIbBaðananaedaycMhenAcMeBaHvtþmanrbs;tMNagrdæaPi)alenaH CaGkuslRtUv)anerobcMeLIg tictYcbMputenAfñak;mUldæan . RbB½n§pSBVpSaytammUldæan ¬]TahrN_³ viTüúshKmn_CaedIm¦ GacCa]bkrN_mYyd¾ man\T§iBlkñúgkarpþl;B½t’mandl;RbCaBlrdækñúgmUldæanGMBIbBaðaEdlTak;TgnwgkarGPivDÆn_XMu-Rsuk nigpþl;CaevTika mYysMrab;TaMgbuKÁl nigRkumnanaedIm,IEckrMElkmtieyabl; nigkþIRBYy)armÖrbs;epSg²CasaFarN³ . ebIeTaHbI vis½ypSBVpSayenAkm<úCaRtUv)anBRgIkKYreGaykt;sMKal;kñúgry³eBlmYyTsvtSknøgmkenHkþI k¾RbB½n§pSBVpSay esIÞrEtTaMgGs;RbmUlpþMúKñaEtenAkñúgTIRkugPñMeBj ehIyepþatkarpSBVpSayrbs;xøÜnEtelIbBaðafñak;Cati nigbBaðakñúgTIRkug b:ueNÑaH . edaysarkgVHRbB½n§pSBVpSayenAfñak;mUldæanEbbenHehIyeTIbRbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilenAtMbn;

ix

CnbT nigsUm,IEtGñkEdlrs;enATIRbCMuCnRsuk nigextþ esÞIrEtBMumanmeFüa)ayedIm,ITTYl)anB½t’manGMBImUldæan b¤ bBa©jmtirbs;xøÜneGayeKlWCasaFarN³eLIy . eRkABIkm μviFICECkkMsanþtamviTüúÉkraCümYycMnYntUc enAkm<úCaman km μviFIeqIøyqøgtamviTüú ¬EdlRbCaBlrdæsamBaØGacbeBa©jBITsSn³rbs;xøÜn ecaTCasMNYr nigeFIVkareqIøyqøgCamYy vis½ysaFarN³¦EbbenHtictYcNas; .

25> Gnusasn_ cMnYnbIRtUv)anesIñeLIgedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH nigBRgwgkarsMEdgmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæenAkm<úCa

Gnusasn_ x>1 – KaMRTdl;KMnitpþÜcepþImBRgwgGMNac nigksagesckIþkøahanrbs; RbCaBlrdæ

]TahrN_ tamry³ • karsikSa nigkarpSBVpSayCasaFarN³nUv]TahrN_nana EdlkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ)annaMmknUvkarpøas;

bþÚrd¾BitR)akd nigGtßRbeyaCn_Cak;Esþg . • karksagsmtßPaBrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ¬CaBiessGgÁkarEdlkMBugeFIVskmμPaBenAtamshKmn_¦ edIm,I

eGayGgÁkarTaMgenaHGnuvtþviFIsaRsþts‘UmtiEdlepþateTAelIRbCaCn nigsiT§i . • kareFIVeGayR)akdfa evTikasMrab;karsMEdgmtirbs;RbCaBlrdænigsMrab;kic©snÞnarvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al

¬dUcCakic©RbCMurbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; kic©RbCMMurbs;KN³kmμkarRTRTg;salaeron evTikasaFarN³¦ )an bBa©ÚlnUvRbkar nigynþkarc,as;las;sMrab;kareqøIytb nigkartamdan .

• karKaMRTdl;km μviFI nigskmμPaBTaMgLayNaEdlxitxMksagcMeNHdwg esckIþkøahan nigsmtßPaBrbs;Rkum EdlCaTUeTAeK{BMusUvykcitþTukdak;} dUcCa RkumRsþI yuvCn nig RbCaBlrdæRkIRk .

Gnusasn_ x>2 - pþl;karbNþúHbNþal nigKaMRTdl;GñkdwknaMbc©úb,nñ nigGnaKtGñkdwk naMenAfñak;mUldæan

]TahrN_ tamry³ • karkMNt;rk nigKaMRTGñkdwknaMbc©úb,nñ nigGnaKtGñkdwknaM RBmTaMgGñkCMnajEpñkKMnit ¬CaBiessenAfñak;PUmi

XMu nig Rsuk¦. • karENnaMeGayGnuvtþRbB½n§e)aHeqñateRCIserIsRbFanPUmitamEbbRbCaFibetyü¬edIm,ICMnYskarGnuvtþn_naeBl

bc©úb,nñEdlRbFanPUmiRtUv)anEtgtaMgGaRs½yeTAtamkUtarbs;KN³bkSneya)ay¦.

Gnusasn_ x>3 - BRgIk nigelIkkMBs;ynþkarsMrab;karbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæenA fñak;mUldæan

]TahrN_ tamry³

x

• kareFIVeGayR)akdfa evTikaEdlerobcMeLIgkñúgbMNgelIkkMBs;karbeBa©jmtirbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigBiPakSa rvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al manerobcMeGaymankarGeBa¢Ijc,as;las;eGayRbCaBlrdæcUlrYm karGeBa¢Ij eGayRbCaBlrdæeLIgbeBa©jmti ehIybriyakasenaHKb,IeBareBjedaykarKaMRT nigelIkTwkcitþ ¬CaBiess sMrab;RbCaBlrdæEdlBMusUvmanesckIþkøahan b¤BMusUvTTYl)ankarGb;rM¦.

• karKaMRTdl;karbegIáteLIgnUvRbB½n§pSBVpSayEbbeqIøyqøgenAfñak;mUldæan nig CaBiessviTüúshKmn_. • karbegIát nigKaMRTdl;ynþkarsMrab;sMEdgmtiEdlsRmbeTAtamlkçN³Biess nigesckþIRtUvkarrbs;RsþI

yuvCn nigRkumdéTeTotEdlCaTUeTAeKBMusUvykcitþTukdak;CamYy .

2>K> karrYbrYmCasmaKm

26> viFIsaRsþénkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm KWEp¥kelIskmμPaBrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigsmtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkar R)aRs½y Tak;Tg CamYyKñaedIm,IelIkkMBs;plRbeyaCn_ nigesckþIRtUvkarrbs;xøÜn . PaBxøaMgrbs;sgÁmsIuvil KWmYyPaKFM GaRs½yedayvisalPaB PaBsIuCMerA nigKuNPaBénPaBCasmaKm . TMhM visalPaB nigkMritfñak;énGgÁkarshKmn_ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil PaBRsbc,ab; PaBCatMNag nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;GgÁkarTaMgenaHcMeBaHsmaCikrbs;BYkeK RBmTaMgsmtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkarksagbNþaj nigsm<½n§PaB suT§swgCacMNucsMxan; cMeBaHeCaKC½yénkargarTTYl xusRtUvsgÁm .

27> karrYbrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ b¤smaKmRbCaBlrdæ -karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa karrYbrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ b¤smaKmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ enAmankMritTabenAeLIyehIyenHCacMNucexSayd¾cMbgmYyenAkñúgsgÁmkm<úCabc©úb,nñ . karsikSak¾)ankMNt;Edrfa karFøak;cuHnUvkareCOTukcitþKña nigkar)at;bg;nUvFnFansgÁm KWCaktþamYyEdlCH\Ti§Bl minl¥ . kñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdæmYycMnYntUc ¬23°¦ EdlCasmaCikénGgÁkarNamYyenaH mYyPaKFM ¬66/2°¦ KWCasmaCikrbs;smaKmRbéBNI ¬dUcCasmaKmBak;B½n§nwgvtþGaram¦ . ebIeTaHbICaFmμta smaKmRbéBNIEbbenHBMu manBak;B½n§edaypÞal;enAkñúgbBaðaGPi)alkic©saFarN³ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvkþI k¾dMeNIrkarénvimCÄkarnaeBlbc©úb,nñ )anbegáIteGaymannUv»kasd¾manskþanuBl sMrab;karGPivDÆn_tYnaTIrbs;smaKmTaMgenaH eGayeTACaGñkRbmUlpþMúén sMelgrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigCaGñksMrbsMrYlTMnak;TMngrvagRbCaBlrdæ nigRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; . karsikSaRsavRCav )anrkeXIjfa visalPaBnigRbsiTi§PaBénGgÁkarshKmn_ {EbbTMenIb} ¬dUcCasmaKmksikr nigRkumRsþI¦ enAman kMritTabenAeLIy edaykñúgenaHmanGñkeqIøysMNYrenAkñúgkarsÞabsÞg;mtiRbCaBlrdæRbmaNEt 12/3° b:ueNÑaH Edl)anniyayfa CasmaCikrbs;RkumEbbenH ehIyPaKeRcInénRkumenHmanTMhMtUc² ¬edaysarmanFnFansgÁm tic nigectnacg;rkSasmaKmenaHeGaymanlkçN³buKÁl nigminpøÚvkar¦ . eTIbEtmkdl;eBlfμ I²enHeTEdlm©as; CMnYycab;epIþmpþl;CMnYyeTAsmaKmenAmUldæanEbbenH ehIykarpþl;enHKWeFIVeLIgtamry³GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alEdl CaGnþrkarIesIÞrEtTaMgGs; . b:uEnþkñúgenaHmanEtGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)almYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaHEdlmankarpSarP¢ab;eTAnwg mUldæanRsab; eBalKWmanTaMgvtþmannigCMnaj . KMnitpþÜcepþImxøH ¬dUcCasmaKmksikrGgÁkaresdak¦ sMerc)an

xi

lT§plKYrCaTIcab;Garm μN_ nig)anpþl;nUv»kasd¾l¥sMrab;eronsURt karBRgIkbEnßm nigykeTAGnuvtþenAkEnøgepSg eTot .

28> bBaðaRbQmépÞkñúgEpñkGPi)alkic©rbs;sgÁmsIuvil - edIm,IeGaysgÁmsIuviledIrtYnaTI)ankan;Etl¥RbesIrkñúgkarCYy dl;rdæaPi)aleGaymantmøaPaB mankarTTYlxusRtUv nigmankareqIøytb)anl¥ GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilxøÜnÉgpÞal;RtUvxit xMeFVICaKMrUeKTaMgEpñkKuNtMél nigkarGnuvtþn_Cak;EsþgnUvGIVEdlxøÜnÉgcg;eGayeKeFIV . CaGkusl karsikSaRsavRCav enH)anrkeXIjfa GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilCaeRcInenARKb;kMritfñak;enAkm<úCa BMusUvRbkan;yklT§iRbCaFibetyü karcUlrYm nigkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH{fñak;eRkam} enAkñúgépÞkñúgrbs;xøÜneT . xN³EdlKMrUdwknaMEbb{fñak;elI-fñak;eRkam} nig \riyabfEbbbituniym ekItmaneRBagRBatenAkm<úCa GñkdwknaMkñúgsgÁmsIuvil ¬rYmTaMgsmaCikpg¦ Cajwkjab;Etg EbreTARbkan;ykKMrUGPi)alkic©müa:gEdlbgáeGaymankarBwgEp¥kelIGñkdéTedaymindwgxøÜn ehIyelIsBIenHeTot xkxanmin)anelIkTwkcitþ nigpþl;GMNacdl;smaCikxøÜn eGayh‘anniyay nigeFIVGIV²CMnYsxøÜn b¤cUlrYmenAkñúgkar sMerccitþ nigTamTareGaymankarTTYlxusRtUveLIy . TMnak;TMngCamYysßab½nm©as;CMnYyk¾EsþgeGayeXIjnUvbBaða RbQmEdredaysarCajwkjyGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilbgðajeGayeXIjnUvTMnak;TMngEbb {fñak;elI-fñak;eRkam} nigepþat karykcitþTukdak;eRcIneTAelIkarTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH {fñak;elI} ¬cMeBaHm©as;CMnYy¦eRcInCag {karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaH fñak;eRkam} ¬GtifiCn smaCik RbCaBrldæeKaledA¦ . EteTaHCay:agNakþI karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIj ]TahrN_mYycMnYnKYrCaTIeBjcitþ TaMgenAfñak;mUldæan nigfñak;Cati EdlenaHKWCakic©xitxMRbwgERbgbegIátnUvKMrUdwknaM EdlmanlkçN³eqøIytb mankarcUlrYm nigkarTTYlxusRtUv .

29> bNþajsgÁmsIuvil – ebIeTaHbICakñúgTsvtSknøgmk mankic©xitxMRbwgERbgKYreGaycab;GarmμN_ kñúgkarkarbegáIt bNþaj nigkarEckrMElkB½t’mankñúgcMeNamGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilenARKb;kMritfñak;y:agNakþI k¾karRsavRCavenH)anrk eXIjfa RbsiT§iPaB nig\Ti§BlénbNþajTaMgenHenAmankMritTabenAeLIy ¬CaBiessenAfñak;eRkamCati¦ . man bNþajEtmYycMnYntUcb:ueNÑaHEdlkMBugRbtibtþienAfñak;Cati ¬dUcCaGgÁkar CCC GgÁkarNGO Forum GgÁkarsþarkm<úCa GgÁkar MediCam nig NEP¦ Edl)anbegIátnUvRbB½n§ nigrcnasm<½n§erobryl¥ sMrab;karsMrbsMrYl nigkarEckrMElk B½t’man)aneTogTat; . ÉbNþajfñak;extþeTIbRtUv)anbegáIteLIg ehIyeRcInEtCYbRbTHkarlM)akedaysarmanCMnYy ¬fvika nigbec©keTs¦ d¾sþÜcesIþgeBk . enAfñak;XMu karpSarP¢ab;rvag nigkñúgcMeNamGgÁkarshKmn_ nigGgÁkarsgÁm sIuvil k¾enAmankMrittictYcEdr ehIyRkumTaMgenHk¾RbQmnwgbBaðakgVHsmtßPaB nigFnFankan;EtF¶n;F¶rEfmeTot . EteTaHCay:agNakIþ karRsavRCav)anrkeXIjnUv]TahrN_eCaKC½ymYycMnYn EdlTak;TgnwgkarksagbNþajenAfñak; mUldæanEbbenH .

30> Gnusasn_cMnYnbIRtUv)anesñIeLIgedIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH

Gnusasn_ K>1 - ]btßmÖKaMRTdl;karekItmaneLIgénsmaKmRbCaBlrdæenAfñak;mUldæan

xii

]TahrN_/ tamry³ • erobcMeGayGñkdwknaM nigtMNagRbCaBlrdæenAmUldæan)anCYbKñaCamYyRbtibtiþkr nigGñkÉkeTsEdlBak;B½n§

edIm,I)anqøúHbBa©aMgeTAelImUlehtuEdlnaMeGayBMusUvmansmaKmmUldæanenAkm<úCa rYcehIybMpusKMnitrkviFI CMrujeGaymankarrYbrYmCasmaKmenAkñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdækm<úCa .

• eFIVkarsikSaeTAelIKMnitpþÜcepþImEdlmanRsab; ¬dUcCasmaKmksikrrbs;esdak shKmn_Gadhuk shCIB km μkr nigbNþajGñkPUmi¦ edIm,IEsVgyl; faetIviFIsaRsþNaxøHEdlmaneCaKC½y b¤mannirnþrPaBbMput ¬dUcCa eCaKC½yénviFIsaRsþ {epþatelIplRbeyaCn_} CaCag {epþateTAelITsSnaTan} GtßRbeyaCn_ b¤PaBcaM)ac;én karpSarP¢ab;karpþl;GMNacEpñkesdækic©nigneya)ayeTAnwgtMrUvkareGaymankarcUlrYm nigkarenACamYyKñayUr GEgVg ¦.

• pþl;karKaMRT nigFnFanbEnßmeTotdl;GgÁkarshKmn_ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdleFIVkargarenAmUldæanpÞal; . Gnusasn_ K>2 - KaMRTGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvileGaykøayCaKMrUEpñkGPi)alkic©EdlRbkbeday tmøaPaB mankareqøIytb nigkarTTYlxusRtUv

]TahrN_/ tamry³ • karKaMRTkic©xitxMRbwgERbgEdlmanRsab;rbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkm<úCa ¬dUcCakic©xitxMEdldwknaMedayGgÁkar

CCC¦ kñúgkarbegáItRkmsIlFm’rYm nigRbB½n§sV½yniy½tkmμCaedIm . • karKaMRTKMnitpþÜcepþImedIm,IGPivDÆn_GgÁkar nigkarksagsmtßPaBedImm,IQaneTAEklMGGPi)alkic© nigkarRKb;

RKgépÞkñúgrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil . • m©as;CMnYyRtUv {eFIVnUvGVIEdlxøÜnniyay} nig {eFVIxøÜnCaKMrU} tamry³karelIkkMBs;tmøaPaB nigGnuvtþnUv

{karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHfñak;eRkam} rbs;xøÜn .

Gnusasn_ K>3 - KaMRTnigsMrbsMrYleGaymankarEckrMElkB½t’man karcgRkgbNþaj nigkarksagsm<½n§PaBkan;EtmanRbsiTi§PaBkñúgcMeNamGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil

]TahrN_/ tamry³ • karpþl;»kasdl;GñkdwknaM nigbuKÁlikGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ¬CaBiessGgÁkarenAfñak;eRkamCati¦ )aneronsURtGMBI

bTBiesaFn_l¥²EpñkEckrMElkB½t’man karcgRkgbNþaj nigkarksagsm<½n§PaBenH rYcehIyeGayeKykeTA BiesaFn_GnuvtþCamYynwgviFIsaRsþ nigbec©keTsfμ I² .

• karpþl;mUlniFi nigkarKaMRTdl;bNþajEpñkTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm bNþajGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilfñak;extþEdleTIbekIt eLIgfIμ² TMnak;TMngkñúgcMeNamsmaKmfñak;shKmn_ b¤mUldæan nigrvagRkumnanaenAfñak;shKmn_ CamYynwg GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdleFVIkarenAfñak;x<s;CagenH ¬fñak;Rsuk fñak;extþ nigfñak;Cati¦.

xiii

2>X> karcUlrYmnigkarBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna

31> TisedAcugeRkaybMputénkic©karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm KWBMuEmnRtwmEtelIkkMBs;karEckrMElkB½t’man nigkarsMEdgmti rbs;RbCaBlrdæb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþKWCakareqøIytbBIm®nþIsaFarN³ nigskmμPaBEdlelIkkMBs;RbsiT§iPaB nigkarTTYl xusRtUvrbs;rdæaPi)al . edIm,Iman\T§iBleTAelIkarsMerccitþ nigskm μPaBrbs;rdæaPi)al GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvileRcInEt BwgEp¥keTAelIyuT§saRsþÉketaPaKI KWkarriHKn; karbBa©úHbBa©Úl nigkardak;sm<aF eRkamrUbPaBkarts‘Umti karbBa©úH bBa©Úl kareFIV)atukm μCasaFarN³ karRbqaMgtva: b¤karbriharCasaFarN³ . EteTaHCay:agenHkIþ »kasEdlGaceFIV eGaymankarpøas;bþÚrBitR)akdGacmaneRcInCagenH RbsinebIRbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilGacR)aRs½yTak;Tg edaypÞal;CamYysmPaKIrdæaPi)al nigmankic©snÞnaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabnaCamYyBYkeK . »kas nigynþkar sMrab; karBiPakSarvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al nigsMrab;karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgdMeNIrkarénkarBicarNanig karsMerccitþCasaFarN³kMBugEtekItmaneRcIneLIg²enAkm<úCab:uEnþvisalPaBnigRbsiT§iPaBenAmankMritTabenAeLIy.

32> begáItnUvbriyakasGMeNaypl nigeFIVsßab½nnIykmμnUvsiT§irbs;RbCaBlrdæ¼GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil – karRsavRCavenH rkeXIjfa mankaryl;dwgtictYcGMBIsiT§i nigkrNIykic©rbs;RbCaBlrdæ ¬TaMgkñúgcMeNamRbCaBlrdæ nigtYGgÁnana rbs;rdæaPi)al¦ ehIyk¾)ankt;sMKal;eXIjBIkaryl;eXIjepSgKñaGMBItYnaTIRsbc,ab; nig {smRsb} rbs;sgÁm sIuvil . edaysarbriyakasminmanlkçN³GMeNaypl tYGgÁnanakñúgsgÁmsIuvilEdleFIVskm μPaBEpñkts‘Umti ¬PaK eRcInCaÉketaPaKI nigmanlkçN³tTl;¦ )anyl;eXIjfa\Ti§Blrbs;eK {mankMrittictYc} ehIymankaresaksþay edaysarCajwkjy eKCYbRbTHnUvkarCMTas;BIrdæaPi)al ¬CaCagkareqIøytbtamkarcg;)anrbs;BYkeK¦ .

33> BI {karts‘Umti} eTACakarBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna - karRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjnUvKMlatd¾FMrvagGgÁkar mYyRbePTEdlmanlkçN³neya)ay nigminecHedjedal ¬eFIVkarEpñkpþl;esva¦nigGgÁkarEbb {vayRbhar} mYy RbePTeTot ¬eFIVkarEpñkts‘Umti¦ . karsikSaenH)anrkeXIjfa viFIsaRsþénkic©karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm)anpþl;nUv skþanuBly:agFMeFgsMrab;elIkkMBs;skm μPaBts‘Umti nigbMeBjnUv{cenøaH} ¬rvagkarts‘Umtinigkarpþl;esva¦ CamYy nwgskmμPaBEdlCMrujeGaymankarR)aRs½yTak;Tg ¬rYmTaMgkarecaTsYr riHKn; nig edjedal¦ CamYytYGgÁnanarbs; rdæaPi)al b:uEnþRtUveFIVeLIgkñúglkçN³mYyEdlmanlkçN³sßabna R)akdRbCa Ep¥kelIPsþútag nigepþatelIdMeNaH Rsay . enAkñúgbribTkm<úCa kargakecjBIviFIsaRsþts‘UmtiCalkçN³ÉketaPaKI nigEbbtTl; eTACakarbgálT§PaB sMrab;karBiPakSa nigkarcUlrYmRbkbedaylkçN³sßabnaenaH KWCabBaðaRbQmd¾cMbgmYy . karbegIáteGayman lT§PaBEbbenH CakarlM)ak TaMgsMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nigm®nþIrdæaPi)al kñúgkarbþÚrmkRbkan;nUv\riyabfEdl RbkbedaylkçN³sßabna nigkarsuxcitþbþÚrmkR)aRs½yTak;TgCamYyKña ebIeTaHbICamanTsSn³pÞúyKña nigebIeTaH bIeKmankarmnÞilsgS½y nigminTukcitþKñak¾edayenaH . vaCabBaðaRbQmcMeBaHGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdlRtUvEtman PsþútagsMrab;kartva:NamYy ehIyRtUvesIñeLIgnUvdMeNaHRsaybBaða CaCagRKan;EtelIkeLIgBIbBaðaenaH .

xiv

34> elIkkMBs;RbsiT§iPaBénynþkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmEdlmanRsab;tamry³karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ – dMeNIrkar vimCÄkar nigvishmCÄkarnaeBlbc©úb,nñ ebIeTaHbIBMuTan;mankarGPivDÆn_)anl¥kIþ k¾)anpþl;nUv»kasd¾sMxan;sMrab; eGayRbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil)ancUlrYmBak;B½n§CamYYyGaCJaFrrdæaPi)al nigGñkpþl;esvasaFarN³enAfñak; XMu Rsuk nigextþEdr . ynþkarEdlmanRsab; begIáteLIgkñúgbMNgsMrbsMrYleGaymankarcUlrYm rbs;RbCaBlrdæ nig karTTYlxusRtUvenaH ¬dUcCakarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdækñúgkic©RbCMuRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; KN³km μaFikarRTRTg;sala eron nig{RbGb;KNenyüPaB}CaedIm¦ enAman\Ti§BltictYcenAeLIy nigtMrUveGaymankarcUlrYmy:agBitR)akd bEnßmeTot eGaysaFarN³Cn)anemIleXIj niggayRsYleRbIR)as;edIm,IeGayynþkarTaMgenHmanRbsiT§iPaBx<s; .

35> BRgIk»kas nigynþkarsMrab;karBiPakSa nigkarcUlrYm - karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa BMusUvmansBaØaNén karman»kas b¤ynþkarepSgEdlGaceGayRbCaBlrdæR)aRs½yTak;Tg nigcUlrYmeGay)aneBjeljCamYyGaCJaFr rdæaPi)aleLIy . enAfñak;XMu man]TahrN_KYrCaTIeBjcitþxøHCamYynwgkareFIVevTikasaFarN³ b:uEnþKMnitpþÜcepþImEbb enHBMusUvmaneRcIneT . enAfñak;Cati »kassMrab;karBiPakSarvagGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil nigtYGgÁnanakñúgrdæaPi)al mankan; EteRcInkñúgry³eBlb:un μanqñaMknøgeTAenH ¬]TahrN_ tamrUbPaBénevTikarYm b¤Rkumkargar¦. EteTaHCay:agenHkIþ evTikaEbbenHenAmancMnYntictYcenAeLIy ehIyGñkcUlrYmEdlBMuEmnCasßab½nrdæ enABMuTan;)anyl;c,as;BIlkçx½NÐén karcUlrYmenaH ehIyk¾enAxVHkartamdan rIÉ\Ti§Blvijk¾enAmantictYcEdr .

36> Gnusasn_cMnYnbIRtUv)anesñIeLIg edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmnaeBlbc©úb,nñ nigedIm,IeRbIR)as;nUv»kasEdl)an kMNt;rkeXIj .

Gnusasn_ X>1 – begáItnigKaMRTeGaymanbriyakaseKalneya)ayGMeNayplmYy sMrab;karBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna nigsMrab;karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkar sgÁmsIuvil ]TahrN_/ tamry³ • bgálkçN³eGaytYGgÁsMxan;²BIxagrdæaPi)al nigsgÁmsIuvil)anCYbKñaedIm,IEsVgrkkugsg;sIus ¬karÉkPaBKña¦

eTAelIeKalkarN_sMxan;²énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm nigsiT§i RBmTaMgkrNIykic©rbs;RbCaBlrdæ GgÁkarsgÁm sIuvil nigtYGgÁnanakñúgrdæaPi)al .

• begáItRkumkargarBiessmYy ¬EdlsmasPaBrYmman {Gñkmansñaédl¥} EpñkkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmBIxagrdæa- Pi)al nigsgÁmsIuvil¦ edIm,IelIksMeNI nigGnuvtþkarEkTMrg;eKalneya)ay nigviFanrbs;sßab½n kñúgbMNg elIkkMBs;lT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’man karsMEdgmti karrYbrYmCasmaKm karBiPakSaRbkbedaylkçN³sßabna nigkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAkñúgdMeNIrkarGPi)alkic© .

• riHrk nigbegIátynþkarnanasMrab;edaHRsaybBaða b¤kart¥ÚjEt¥r b¤karminÉkPaBFM²NamYyEdltYGgÁnanakñúg cMeNamGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil)anelIkeLIg .

xv

Gnusasn_ X>2 - elIkkMBs; nigKaMRTkareRbIR)as;viFIsaRsþsMrbsMrYl nig]bkrN_én karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm edIm,IeFVIeGayynþkarEdlmanRsab;sMrab;karBiPakSanigkarcUlrYm¬dUc Cakic©RbCMuRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; nigKN³km μkarRTRTg;salaeron¦ kan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB

]TahrN_/ tamry³ • karelIkTwkcitþ nigKaMRTGgÁkarshKmn_ GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil eGaybegIáteLIgnUvtYnaTICa :s<an : kñúgnamCaGñk

sMrbsMrYl b¤GnþrkarI rvagRbCaBlrdæ nigGaCJaFr . • karpþl;karbNþúHbNþal nigkarksagsmtßPaB EpñkviFIsaRsþ nig]bkrN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmsMrab;

Rbtibtiþkrkm<úCa . • kareRbIR)as;GñksMrbsMrYlEdlCaPaKITIbI enAkñúgkic©RbCMuRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; karKaMRTdl;karCYbCMurbs;RbCa

BlrdæmuneBlcUlrYmRbCMu nigkareRbIR)as;]bkrN_énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm nigviFIsaRsþénkarcUlrYm . kar begIáteLIgnUvtYnaTIrbs;RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat; eGayeFIVCatMNag nigBaMnaMesckþIRBYy)armÖrbs;RbCaBlrdæ eTA dl;rdæaPi)alfñak;kNþal ehIyCMnYsmuxeGayRbCaBlrdæ CMrujeGayrdæaPi)alfñak;kNþalTTYlxusRtUv .

• karpþl;karbNþúHbNþalEpñkCMnajsMrbsMrYl nigbec©keTskargarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmdl;smaCiksMxan;² én KN³km μkarRTRTg;salaeron (SSCs) nigKaMRTkic©xitxMrbs; SSCs kñúgkareRbIR)as;viFIsaRsþénkarTTYlxusRtUv sgÁm ¬dUcCa {b½NÑdak;BinÞúsalaeron } nig bec©keTskñúgkartamdankarcMNay CaedIm¦ .

Gnusasn_ X>3- ENnaMeGayeRbIR)as;nUv»kas nigynþkarf μI²sMrab;eGaymankarBiPakSa nig{karcrcar}edaypÞal; nigeTogTat;rvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al ¬enARKb;kMritfñak;¦

]TahrN_/ tamry³ • karelIkTwkcitþ¬b¤karENnaM¦eGayRkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;erobcMkarBiPakSaCasaFarN³eGay)aneTogTat;eday

mankarsMrbsMrYl elIbBaðaCaGaTiPaBnanaEdlCakarRBYy)armÖCasaFarN³ ¬dUcCasuxPaB karGb;rM snþisux GMeBIhigSakñúg RKYsar dIFøI éRBeQI nigensaT¦.

• karENnaMeGayeRbIR)as;ynþkarfI μCalkçN³sßab½n sMrab;RbmUlmtieyabl;RbCaBlrdæ nigkarXøaMemIlrbs;BYk eKeTAelIvis½ycMbg²EdlCaRbeyaCn_saFarN³ ¬dUcCakarRKb;RKgcMNUlsaFarN³BI]sSahkm μEr: nig famBl¦.

• karbegáIteGayman»kasbEnßmeTotsMrab;tYGgÁkñúgrdæaPi)al nigsgÁmsIuvil)anCYbKñapÞal;TaMgenAkñúgbriya- kaspøÚvkar nigminpøÚvkaredIm,IksagTMnukcitþKñaeTAvijeTAmk .

xvi

3> karBRgwgkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa

3>k esckþIsnñidæan

37> karsikSaRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa TMnak;TMngnigkarpSarP¢ab;rvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)alenAmanPaBTn;exSay enAeLIy ehIymanbBaðaRbQmCaeRcInEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgktþabgáb;Epñkneya)ay vb,Fm’-sgÁm b:uEnþTnÞwmnwgenHk¾ man»kasl¥²CaeRcInpgEdr . karsikSaenH)anesñIeLIgnUvGnusasn_CaeRcIn EdlepþateTAelIPaKIBak;B½n§dUcCardæa- Pi)al sgÁmsIuvil nigédKUGPivDÆn_ . Gnusasn_TaMgenHRtUv)anesIñeLIgkñúgbMNgeFVIeGaybriyakaskan;Etman lkçN³GMeNayplEfmeTot sMrab;karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmenAkm<úCa nigedIm,IksagnUvsmtßPaB nigCMnajEdlcaM)ac; ¬TaMgkñúgrgVg;sgÁmsIuvilnigrdæaPi)al¦ . Gnusasn_TaMgenHk¾esIñeLIgedIm,IBRgIk nigeFVIsßab½nnIykm μnUvEdn ehIynig ynþkarsMrab;karBiPakSa nigkarcrcarrvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al CaBiessenAfñak;mUldæan . r)aykarN_enH k¾)an sgát;F¶n;pgEdr GMBIkalevlasMrab;CMrujeGaymanvb,Fm’én {karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHfñak;eRkam} enARKb;kMritfñak; RBmCamYynwgkarpøas;bþÚr\riyabf nigGakb,kiriyarbs;PaKIBak;B½n§sMxan;² . xN³EdlRKb;Gnusasn_TaMgGs;enA kñúgr)aykarN_enHRtUv)anRkumsikSaRsavRCavcat;Tukfamansar³sMxan; skm μPaBdUcxageRkam ¬eRCIserIsedaysar manRbsiT§iPaBCalkçN³yuT§saRsþ ¦ RtUv)ancat;TukfaCaGaTiPaBx<s; .

3>x> skmμPaBGaTiPaB

38> skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBEdl)anesñIeLIgsMrab; raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa rYmman ³ sMrab;ry³eBlxøI ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI1sMrab;raCrdæaPi)al - ENnaM ¬nigKaMRT¦ RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;eGayerobcMCaevTika saFarN³BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaM . ¬Gnusasn_ k>2/ x>3/ nig X>3¦

karRsavRCavenHbgðajfa RkumRbwkSaXMu-sgáat;manskþanuBly:agFMeFg ¬b:uEnþBMuTan;GPivDÆeGay)anRbesIr¦ sMrab;erobcMevTikaedIm,IkarBiPakSarvagRbCaBlrdæ nigraCrdæaPi)al . raCrdæaPi)alKYrENnaMeGaymankarerob cMeFIVevTikasaFarN³BIrdgkñúgmYyqñaMeGay)aneTogTat;enAfñak;XMu-sgáat; sMrab;Ca»kaseGayRbCaBlrdæ)an cUlrYmCamYyGaCJaFrrdæaPi)al elIbBaðananaEdlCaesckþIRBYy)armÖcMbgrbs;BYkeK . skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI2sMrab;raCrdæaPi)al- EcgCabBaØtieGay)anc,as;las;GMBIkarcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nig GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkñúgRkumRbwkSaRsuknigRkumRbwkSaextþEdleTIbbegáIteLIgfμ I² ¬Gnusasn_k>2/ x>3 nigX>3¦

enAeBlbc©úb,nñenH man»kastictYcNas;sMrab;karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæenAfñak;Rsuk nigfñak;extþ . raCrdæa- Pi)alRtUv)anelIkTwkcitþeGayecjCaRbkasmYy EdlmanEcgCabBaØtic,as;las; edIm,IRbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkar sgÁmsIuvilGaccUlrYmy:agmann½yenAkñúgRkumRbwkSaRsuk nigRkumRbwkSaextþEdlbegáIteLIgfμ I² ¬begáIteLIg GnuelameTAtamc,ab;GgÁkarEdleTIbRtUv)anGnum½tnaeBlf μ I²enH¦ .

xvii

sMrab;ry³eBlEvg ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI3sMrab;raCrdæaPi)al - ENnaMsalaeron nigmNÐlsuxPaB nigmnIÞreBTüTUTaMgRbeTs eGayEckrMElkB½t’man GMBIfvikaCasaFarN³ ¬Gnusasn_ k>2¦ karRsavRCavenH)anrkeXIjfa RbCaBlrdæxVHlT§PaBTTYl)anB½t’manGMBIesvasaFarN³CamUldæanEdlmanpl b:HBal;edaypÞal;dl;suxumalPaBrbs;BYkeK . edIm,IelIkkMBs;tmøaPaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm raCrdæaPi)al RtUv)anelIkTwkcitþeGaypþl;CaesckþIENnaMdl;salaeron nigmNÐlsuxPaB nigmnIÞreBTüenATUTaMgRbeTseGay EckrMElkB½t’manGMBIfvikaCasaFarN³ edIm,IeGayGñkeRbIR)as;esva b¤RbCaBlrdæ )andwgGMBIkareRbIR)as;fvika saFarN³ nigFnFandéTeTotenATIkEnøgTaMgenH nigeGayeK)andwgfaetIFnFanTaMgenaHRtUv)aneRbIR)as;y:ag dUcemþc . CaGnusasn_ sMrg;hirBaØvtßúRbcaMqñaMKYrbitpSayCasaFarN³ nigbgðajCUnkñúgeBlmanevTikasaFarN³ RbcaMqñaM .

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI4sMrab;raCrdæaPi)al - begáItRkumRbwkSaPi)alGnþrRksYg ¬Gnusasn_ X>1 nig X>3¦

evTikaeTogTat;sMrab;karEckrMElkB½t’manrvagtYGgÁnanakñúgsgÁmsIuvil nigrdæaPi)alenABMuTan;manenAeLIyeT . CaGnusasn_ raCrdæaPi)alKYresñIeGaybNþaRksYgBak;B½n§begáIteLIgnUvRkumRbwkSaPi)alGciéRnþy_mYy ¬Edl smasPaBrYmmantMNag b¤TIRbwkSaBak;B½n§BIEpñksgÁmsIuvil EpñksikSaFikar nigvis½yEpñkÉkCn .l.¦ Rkum TaMgenHKYrCYbRbCMuKñaCaeTogTat; ¬]TahrN_ RbcaMRtImas¦ GaRs½yeTAtamlkçnþik³c,as;las;rbs;xøÜn edIm,ICa karrYmcMENkdl;karelIkeLIg nigBiPakSaGMBIbBaðaEdlCakþI)armÖcMbg²rbs;saFarN³Cn pþl;eyabl;Rtlb;eTA elIÉksarsMxan;² nigsMrbsMrYldMeNIrkarBieRKaHeyabl;CasaFarN³eTAelIc,ab; b¤eKalneya)ayfIμ² .

39> skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBEdl)anesñIeLIgsMrab; GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil rYmman ³ sMrab;ry³eBlxøI ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI1sMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil – BRgIkKMnitpþÜcepþImcgRkg nigpþl;GMNacenAfñak;shKmn_ ¬Gnusasn_ x>1 nig K>1¦

kic©xitxMkñúgkarpþl;GMNac Kb,IeFIVeLIgedayEp¥kelIbTBiesaFn_ nigkareronsURtBITMrg;nana dUcCasmaKmksikr EdlTTYlkarKaMRTBIGgÁkaresdak nigsmaKmsuxPaBPUmirbs;RkumGPivDÆn_PUmi EdlmanbMNgedaHRsay esckþIRtUvkarCak;Esþgrbs;RbCaBlrdæ ehIyEdlkñúgxN³CamYyKñaenaH )anCYyBRgwgkarsMEdgmti nig\T§iBl neya)ayrbs;BYkeKpg . karksagcMeNHdwg TMnukcitþ nigGMNacrbs;RbCaBlrdæsamBaز ¬rYmman RsþI yuvCn nigRkumdéTeTotEdleKminsUvykcitþTukdak;¦ KWCaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;énkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm rIÉkgVHkarpþl; GMNac dl;RbCaBlrdæenAtamshKmn_ KWCamUlehtucMbgEdleFIVeGaykar]btßmÖBIm©as;CMnYykñúgTsvtSknøg mkBMusUvTTYl)aneCaKC½ykñúgkarCMrujnUvkarTamTard¾skm μeGaymanGPi)alkic©l¥ .

xviii

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI2sMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil – ENnaMeGayGnuvtþnUvkareFIVr)aykarN_ nigkarRbkan;nUv tmøaPaBcMeBaH {fñak;eRkam} ¬Gnusasn_ K>2¦

edIm,IkøayxøÜnCaPñak;gareFIVkarEpñkTTYlxusRtUvsgÁmd¾manRbsiT§iPaB GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilxøÜnÉgRtUvxitxMeFVICaKMrU eKEpñkGPi)alkic©l¥enH tamry³karEklMGGPi)alkic©épÞkñúg nigEklMGRbB½n§tmøaPaBrbs;xøÜn nigkarTTYlxus RtUvcMeBaHfñak;eRkam . TidæPaBcMbgmYyéncMNucenH KWeKRtUvxñHExñgEckrMElkB½t’manGMBIkmμviFI nigfvikaCamYy GtifiCn nigRbCaBlrdæeKaledA rYcehIyelIkTwkcitþBYkeKeGaycUlrYmXøaMemIleGay)anskm μ .

sMrab;ry³eBlEvg ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI3sMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil - GPivDÆn_CMnajGMBIviFIsaRsþts‘UmtiEbbcUlrYmEdl {yk RbCaBlrdæCacMbg} ¬Gnusasn_ x>1¦ GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilmantYnaTId¾sMxan;kñúgkarpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæ eGayeKeFIVskm μPaB nigts‘UmtiedayxøÜn Ég . sMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilkm<úCa karksagsmtßPaB nigCMnajGMBIviFIsaRsþts‘Umti nigkarGPivDÆn_Edl mankarcUlrYm nigykRbCaBlrdæCacMbgenaH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCakic©karEdlmanGaTiPaBx<s; . skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI4sMrab;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil - begIáteLIgnUvtYnaTIsMrbsMrYlsMrab;karBiPakSarvagRbCaBl- rdæ nigrdæaPi)al ¬Gnusasn_ X>2¦

bTBiesaFn_bgðajfa karBiPakSarvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæaPi)al TTYl)anply:agFMeFgebImankarsMrbsMrYl BIPaKITIbI . GgÁkarsgÁmsIuviledIrtYnaTIy:agsMxan;Ca {s<an} rvagRbCaBlrdæ nigGaCJaFrrdæaPi)al ehIyGgÁkar TaMgenaHRtUv)anelIkTwkcitþeGaybegIáteLIg nigBRgIktYnaTITaMgenHCaGaTiPaBx<s; ¬CaBiessenAfñak;mUldæan ¦.

40> skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBEdl)anesñIeLIgsMrab; édKUGPivDÆn_ rYmman ³ sMrab;ry³eBlxøI ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI1sMrab;édKUGPivDÆn_ - KaMRTkarbNþúHbNþal nigkarhVwkhVwndl;GñkdwknaMbc©úb,nñ nig GnaKtGñkdwknaMfñak;mUldæan ¬Gnusasn_ x>2¦

sMrab;RbCaBlrdæsamBaØ GñkdwknaMshKmn_ nigGñkdwknaMfñak;mUldæan )anedIrtYy:agsMxan;CaGñkerobcM GñkGb;rM GñkKaMRT nigGnþrkarI . ehtudUecñHehIy karvinieyaKeTAelIsmtßPaB nigCMnajrbs;GñkdwknaMenAfñak;mUldæanenH edIm,IeGayeKpþl;kareqøIytb nigTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHfñak;eRkam KWCaGaTiPaBmYy . édKUGPivDÆn_KYrelIkkMBs; karKaMRTdl;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil Edlbc©úb,nñkMBugpþl;karbNþúHbNþalGMBIPaBCaGñkdwknaMkñúgmUldæan nigKaMRTkar ksagsmtßPaBenAkñúgEpñkenH . skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI2rbs;édKUGPivDÆn_ - ENnaMeGayGnuvtþnUvkareFIVr)aykarN_RbkbedaytmøaPaB eTA {fñak;eRkam} ¬Gnusasn_ K>2¦

xix

édKUGPivDÆn_RtUv)anelIkTwkcitþeGay{eFIVCaKMrU}tamry³karGnuvtþn_nUvkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm eGaymanlkçN³Ca RbB½n§eTAkñúgRbtibtþikarrbs;xøÜn ¬dUcCa karFanafaRbCaBlrdæRtUv)anpþl;CUnnUvB½t’manGMBIfvikaEdl)anpþl; nig kareRbIR)as;fvikaTaMgenaH CaBiesseGayGñkTaMgenaH)ancUlrYmRtYtBinitü nigvaytMéleTAelIskmμPaBénkar cMNayTaMgenaH¦ . enAeBlEdl)ankøayeTACaKMrUEpñktmøaPaB nigkarraykarN_ édKUGPivDÆn_minRtwmEt)an elIkkMBs;karXøaMemIlCasaFarN³cMeBaHfvikanigkm μviFIpÞal;xøÜnb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMg)anCYyRbCaBlrdæeGay emIleXIjCak;EsþgBIrUbPaBénkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm ehIynigGaceFVIVeGayRbCaBlrdæmankarrMBwgTukGMBItmøa PaB nigkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;raCrdæaPi)alpgEdr .

sMrab;ry³eBlEvg ³

skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI3rbs;édKUGPivDÆn_ - BRgIkkarKaMRTdl;KMnitpþÜcepþImenAfñak;shKmn_ ¬Gnusasn_ x>1 nig K>1¦ kareKogKrcgRkg nigkarpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæmansar³sMxan;Nas;cMeBaHkarGPivDÆn_rbs;sgÁmsIuvil nig karTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm . rhUtmkdl;eBlenH manCMnYyBIédKUGPivDÆn_EtmYycMENktUcb:ueNÑaH EdlRtUv)anpþl; CUnedaypÞal;edIm,IKaMRTkarGb;rM karcgRkgnigkarpþl;GMNacdl;RbCaBlrdæenAfñak;shKmn_ . édKUGPivDÆn_KYr begIánkar]btßmÖdl;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilTaMgLayEdleFVIkaredaypÞal;enAtamshKmn_ nigelIkTwkcitþ RBmTaMg KaMRTGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilfñak;CatieGayeGayRbkan;yknUvviFIsaRsþBIeRkameTAelI nigpSarP¢ab;eGaymanRbsiTi§ PaBCamYyshKmn_ . skm μPaBCaGaTiPaBTI4rbs;édKUGPivDÆn_ - eFVIkarts‘Umti nigKaMRTeGaymanbriyakaseKalneya)ayGMeNay plbEnßmeTotsMrab;karcUlrYmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigGgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil ¬Gnusasn_ X>1¦ elIkTwkcitþ nigKaMRTraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaeGaydak;ecjnUveKalneya)ay niy½tkmμ nigeKalkarN_ENnaM Edl begáIteGaymannUvEdnsaFarN³sMrab;karrYbrYmCasmaKmrbs;RbCaBlrdæ Rbkan;yk nigkarBarsiT§iCamUldæan rbs;RbCaBlrdæ rYcehIydak;ecjnUvviFanCamUldæansMrab;karBiPakSaRbkbedayGtßn½yrvagRbCaBlrdæ nigrdæa- Pi)al ehIyRtUvcat;TukfakarcUlrYm KWCatYnaTIGaTiPaBrbs;édKUGPivDÆn_ .