psychoanalytic therapy
TRANSCRIPT
Psychoanalytic Therapy
KEY CONCEPTS
Life instincts: serve the purpose of the survival of the individual and the human race that oriented toward growth, development and creativity, which included all pleasurable acts.
Behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivation and biological and instinctual drives as these evolve through key psychosexual stages in the first 6 years of life.
Death instincts: account for the aggressive drive and manifest though their behavior an unconscious wish to die or to hurt themselves or others.
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
ID EGO SUPEREGO
PLEASURE REALITY MORAL
INBORN EXECUTIVE LEARN FROM PARENTS & SOCIETY
UNCONSCIOUS CONSCIOUS
ID the primary source of psychic energy
and the seat of the instincts. Ruled by pleasure principle Aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain
and gaining pleasure Largely unconscious or out of
awareness.
Ego The “executive” that governs, controls and
regulates the personality.
Mediates between the instincts and the surrounding environment
Ruled by reality principle
Does realistic and logical thinking and formulates plans of action for satisfying needs.
Check and control the blind impulse of the id.
Superego person’s moral code
Serve as the judicial branch of personality
Represent ideal rather than reality
Strive for perfection but not pleasure
CONSCIOUSNESS AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Keys to understanding behavior and the problems of personality.
Unconscious cannot be studied but inferred from behavior, such as:
1. dreams, which are symbolic representations of unconscious needs, wishes and conflicts;
2. Slips of tongue and forgetting;3. Posthypnotic suggestions;4. Material derived from free-association techniques and5. Projective techniques6. The symbolic content of psychotic symptoms.
ANXIETY
1. Reality anxiety is the fear of danger from the external world, and the level of such anxiety is proportionate to the degree of real threat.
2. Neurotic anxiety is the fear that the instincts will get out of hand and cause one to do something for which one will be punished.
3. Moral anxiety is the fear of one’s own conscience.
Neurotic and moral anxiety are evoked by threats to the “balance of power” within the person.
EGO-DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Help to cope with anxiety and prevent the ego from being overwhelmed
characteristics: deny or distort reality
Operate in unconscious level to reduce anxiety and lower tension
1. Repression Selective exclusion of painful experiences of the
past from conscious awareness Freud: “ an involuntary removal of something from
consciousness” Most of the painful events of the first 5 years of the
life are so excluded, yet influencing later behavior
2. Denial Distortion of reality by pretending that undesirable
or unacceptable events are not really happening “Closing one’s eyes”
3. Reaction formation To actively express the opposite impulse Do not have to face the anxiety by doing so
4. Projection self-deception consists of attributing to
others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulse
5. Displacement Rechanneling of energy from one object
to another, especially from a threatening object to a “safer target
6. Rationalization Making good (logical) reasons to explain
away a bruised ego Help softening the blow connected with
disappointments
7. Sublimation Diverting sexual or aggressive energy into
socially acceptable channels
8. Regression The retreat to an earlier stage of development
because of fear
9. Introjection Taking in and “swallowing” the values and
standards of others
10. Identification Enhances self-worth and protects one from a
sense of being failure
11. Compensation Masking perceived weaknesses or developing
certain positive traits to make up for limitations
Can have direct adjustive value
DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY
PERIOD OF LIFE
FREUD ERIKSON
0~1 Oral Stage Infancy: Trust VS Mistrust
1~3 Anal StageEarly Childhood: Autonomy VS Shame and doubt
3~6 Phallic Stage Preschool age: Initiative VS Guilt
6~12 Latency Stage School age: Industry VS Inferiority
12~18 Genital StageAdolescence: Identity VS Role Confusion
18~35Genital Stage Continues
Young Adulthood: Intimacy VS Isolation
Comparison of Freud’s Psychosexual Stage and Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage
1. Oral stage(0-1) Mouth and lips are sensitive erogenous zones,
sucking produces erotic pleasure for the infant Lacking of enough food may lead to greediness
and acquisitiveness Fear of reaching out to others, rejection of
affection Fear of love and trusting, low self-esteem and
isolation
2. Anal stage(1-3) Children find pleasure both in withholding and in
expelling feces These pleasures come into conflict with parents
who are attempting toilet training The child’s first experience with imposed control Anal-aggressive personality Anal-retentive personality
3. Phallic stage(3-6) Children begin to derive pleasure from fondling
their genitals They observe the differences between male
and female Begin to direct their sex impulses toward their
parent Oedipal complex Castration anxiety: boy fears his father will
retaliate by castrating him Electra complex
4. Latency stage(6-12) New interests replace infantile sexual
impulses Socialization take place, major structure of
personality are formed Sexual drive is sublimated to some extent to
activities in school, hobbies, sports, and friendship with members of the same sex
5. Genital stage (12-60+) Adolescents develop interest in the opposite
sex Engage in some sexual experimentation move out of adolescents and into mature
adult responsibilities
THERAPEUTIC PROCESS
THERAPEUTIC GOALS
To make unconscious conscious to strengthen the ego so that behavior is based more on reality and less on instinctual cravings or irrational guilt.
Oriented toward achieving insight, but not just an intellectual understanding.
THERAPIST’S FUNCTION AND ROLE
Blank screen approach Analysis and interpreting Putting the pieces of a puzzle together
CLIENT’S EXPERIENCE IN THERAPY
Intensive therapeutic process Agree to talk Not encouraged to make any radical changes in their
lifestyles during the period of analysis Achieved success from analytic therapy as an
understanding of their symptoms and the functions they serve
An insight into how their environment affects them and how they affect the environment, and reduced defensiveness
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THERAPIST AND CLIENT
transference: the unconscious shifting to the analyst of feelings and fantasies that are reactions to significant others in the client’s past
Countertransference: the reactions therapists have toward their clients that may interfere with their objectivity.it occurs when there is inappropriate affect, when therapists respond in irrational ways, or when they lose their objectivity
It allows clients to understand and resolve their ”unfinished business” from past relationship
TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES
Maintaining Analytic Framework Free Association Interpretation Dream Analysis Analysis and Interpretation of Resistance Analysis and Interpretation of Transference
CONCLUSION
Contributions
Provide counselors with a conceptual framework for looking at behavior
Provide a framework for a dynamic understanding of the role of early childhood events
The impact of these experiences on the contemporary struggles faced by clients
Limitation & Criticism
Time consume
Lack of problem solving skill
Lack of external forces, eg. Society, culture