SPECIAL EDUCATION

WHAT IS SPED?

- is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses

the students' individual differences and needs.

SPECIAL EDUCATION….

“It actually puts the person first before the disability.” “It also describes what the person has, not the person is.”

How did SPECIAL EDUCATION start….

Before 1970, there was no special education. Students with special

needs had no rights. Research shows that students with special needs

were not even allowed in school.

SPECIAL EDUCATION is a specialized branch of education.

It actually evolved to lineage of different people such as:

 Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard (1775 - 1838), the physician who "tamed" the "wild boy of Aveyron,“

Anne Sullivan Macy (1866 - 1936)  the teacher who "worked miracles" with Helen Keller, 

From then on, special educators provide instruction specifically tailored to meet individualized needs, making education available to students who otherwise would have limited access to education.

AIMS/ GOALS/ OBJECTIVESOF SPECIAL EDUCATION

•The ultimate goal of special education shall be the integration or mainstreaming of learners with special needs into the regular school system and eventually in the community.

• Special education shall aim to develop the maximum potential of the child with special needs to enable him to become self-reliant and shall be geared towards providing him with the opportunities for a full and happy life.

•The specific objectives of special education shall be the development and maximization of learning competencies, as well as the inculcation of values to make the learners with special needs a useful and effective member of society.

SPED are for learners with:

Challenges in learning▪ Intellectual Giftedness▪ Mental Retardation

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Physical Disabilities▪ Handicap▪ Individual Impairment▪ Visual and Communication challenges

Developmental Disorders

Different kinds of impairments and their appropriate teachings/

treatment…

Learning DisabilityThis is a classification including several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors.

• Dyslexia- reading disability• Aphasia- impairment of

language ability• Dyscalculia - math

disability• Nonverbal learning

disability

Appropriate Teachings/Treatment:

A.) MASTERY MODELB.) DIRECT INSTRUCTIONC.) CLASSROOM ADJUSTMENTSD.) SPECIAL EQUIPMENTE.) CLASSROOM ASSISTANTS

Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Signs which show emotional and behavioral disorders:

a.) Difficulty to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.

b.) Difficulty to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.

c.) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.d.) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.e.) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or

school problems.

2 KINDS OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS:

INTERNALIZING DISORDERS Anxiety Separation Anxiety Fears and Phobias

(trusting people) Obsessive-Compulsive

Disorder (OCD) Panic Disorder

EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Conduct Disorder

Treatment:- cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) - pharmaceutical therapy

Treatment: -Behavior Modification-Counseling-Medication

Physical DisabilityA physical disability is any impairment which limits the physical function of one or more limbs

3 TYPES:

a.)Mobility impairment – This type of disability includes upper limb disability, manual dexterity and disability in co-ordination with different organs of the body. Disability in mobility can either be a congenital or acquired with age problem. This problem could also be the consequence of some disease.

b.) Visual impairment – many people suffer vision injuries and impairments. These types of injuries can also result into some severe problems or diseases like blindness and ocular trauma. A common type of visual impairment is a scratched cornea.

c.) Hearing impairment - includes people that are completely or partially deaf.

Appropriate Teachings/Treatment:

Students who have been diagnosed with a physical disability may require a range of school based services depending on level of need and functioning. A comprehensive assessment is required to inform program planning. Programming decisions are made by the student’s program planning team.

Developmental Disorderslifelong disabilities attributable to mental or physical impairments, manifested prior to age 18.

• Brain injury or infection before, during or after birth;• Growth or nutrition problems (prenatally, perinatally, or

postnatally);• Abnormalities of chromosomes and genes;• Birth long before the expected birth date - also called extreme

prematurity;• Poor maternal diet and absent or minimal health care;• Drug abuse during pregnancy, including alcohol intake and

smoking;• Drug-related prenatal developmental insult, such as

thalidomide;• Severe physical maltreatment (child abuse), which may have

caused brain injury and which can adversely affect a child's learning abilities and socio-emotional development;

• An autism spectrum disorder.

Common factors causing developmental disabilities include:

Appropriate Teachings/Treatment:

a.) Mastery modelb.) Direct

Instructionc.) Classroom

adjustmentsd.) Classroom

assistants

METHODS OF TEACHING IN SPED…

INCLUSION

In this approach, students with special educational needs spend all, or at least more than half, of the school day with students who do not have special educational needs.

MAINSTREAMING

refers to the practice of educating students with special needs in classes with non-disabled students during specific time periods based on their skills.

SEGREGATION

Students are placed in a separate classroom or special school exclusively for students with special needs: In this model, students with special needs spend no time in classes with non-disabled students. Segregated

EXCLUSION

students having one-on-one instruction or group instruction.

THE PROPER ENVIRONMENT FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION STUDENTS:

SPECIAL SCHOOLS

-schools catering for students who have special educational needs

-specifically-designed, staffed and resourced

-provide individualized education

-student-teacher ratios are kept low

-have other facilities for the development of children with special needs

SPECIAL CLASSROOMS/ SELF-CONTAINED CLASSROOMS

-separate room dedicated solely to the education of students with special needs within a mainstream school.

-staffed by specially-trained teachers

HOW TO AID THE LEARNING OF CHILDREN UNDER SPED?

 • Have the knowledge of the

specific impairment of the child • Aid there special needs• Understand them• Guide them• Be patient on them• Motivate them

WHAT TEACHERS CAN DOTO ATTAIN THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS IN SPED….

1. be able to deal with students of all ages.2. Early identification of a child with special

needs is an important part of a special education teacher's job.

3. teachers use various techniques to promote learning.

4. teachers ensure that appropriate accommodations are provided

5. The teacher should have the right patience, tolerance, and enthusiasm

6. Teachers should prepare SPED students for daily life.

WHAT PARENTS CAN DOTO ATTAIN THE NEEDS OF THEIR CHILDREN UNDER SPED….

1. parents should also be certain that the child understands exactly what special education is so they can better prepare for the success in education that awaits them.

2. By becoming the assertive and actively involved parent, the relationship your child has with the special education teacher can be better assessed.

3. They should be responsible for teaching the positive advantages of special education.

4. Parents must be willing to tolerate the needs of their children.