providing low-carbon electricity solutions to brazil …las-ans.org.br/pdf/andre salgado 2016 06...

PROVIDING LOW-CARBON ELECTRICITY SOLUTIONS TO BRAZIL

André SALGADOAREVA South America Director

Conference LAS/ANS – Thursday, 22nd of June 2016

2016 LAS/ANS SYMPOSIUM 2

COP 21 agreementLimit increases in global

average temperature to 2°C

until 2100

A changing energy world !

Brazil

Engagement

43% reduction in

2030 vs 2005

Brazil Emissions in 2005

2,03 Billions tons of CO2eq

Brazil Target Emissions in 2030

1,15 Billions tons of CO2eq

Source: KPMG - COP21/PARIS 2015 UN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE

http://g1.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2015/09/meta-do-brasil-e-reduzir-emissao-de-gases-

em-43-ate-2030-diz-dilma.html

http://plataforma.seeg.eco.br/total_emission


Challenge

Electricity demand will double until 2030

TWh

Source: MME

Share of the

Renewable

sources

Non RenewablesRenewables


The Brazilian electricity matrixBrazil’s 2014 power generation mix relies on low carbon energy sources

Ref. EPE – PDE 2024

Brazil’s installed capacity based on low carbon sources remains

around 85%


NeverthelessThe Brazilian energy mix profile is transforming

Source. Data consolidated from EPE, MME

What does it imply:

Brazil energy matrix profile

Shows the reduction of the storage capacity,

Possibility of larger intermittence (mainly due to

wind and small hydro NPP),

Growing challenges in the operation and

dispatching of the national electrical system.

Difficulty to forecast water affluence,


Situation of the Brazilian Energy Matrix concerning CO2 emissions in 2015

Electricity production in 2015 (GWh)

Increased participation of thermal power plants were based on CO2

emitting sources.

Source: Consolidated data from MME, EPE


Hydro-energetic conditions between 2010 and 2015

Source: ONS - Gesel

The country had no choice but to turn-on its back-up thermal plants to avoid

energy shortage. But at which costs ?

Minimum

value:

15,8% (nov/14 and Jan/15)

Rigorous hydroenergetic

conditions during the rainy period

2013-2014 and 2014-2015

Full dispatching of thermal

generation was kept as part of the

prioritization policy to keep the

storage of the plants with large

storage capacity

From august-15, due to the better conditions

between february to july and with a forecast of a

normal dry season, the decreasing of ThG

dispatching has been decided.


Source: ONS, CIMGC.

Brazil is moving from an hydro CO2 free carbon matrix to a conventional thermal matrix


…translated into a very high costs for the industry and population

Operation of the Thermal plants in the short term

Availability of thermal generation in MWmed

Thermal generation of the SIN

Source: ONS - FIRJAN

In 2015, Brazil was ranked as the country with the highest electricity cost

for the industry. Above India, Italy and Colombia.


What do we need ?

Generation Planning :

Security of supply

Afordable prices

Diversity

Distributed generation

(reduce transmission losses)

Low CO2 emissions

Fosters the Industrial and

Social development


Is there really no more water in Brazil ?

Brazil Hydro electrical Potential (MW)

- Brazil hydroelectric potential is

evaluated around 250 GW but localized

far away from the consumption centers

- 30% of this potential has already been

explored.

- The largest available potential is in the

Amazon river, of which less than 1%

has been explored so far.

- Restrictions (interference in units of

conservation or indigenous lands) exist

for the construction of hydroelectric

power stations for 50 GW of the

hydroelectric potential.

- The environmental licensing in this area

is a real challenge with delays almost

impossible to forecast.Source: EPE, Plano Nacional de Energia 2030, 2007

On-going large hydro project have demonstrated that the Amazon region is a very

challenging environment for the good implantation of new power plants.


0

50

100

150

200

250

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

Low carbon Thermal solutionssupporting hydro based model

Stock (% of the monthly production)

Hydro Production

Demand

Total production

BRAZIL POWER GROWTHThermal to support electricity demand raise

Expansion challenge by 2024:

Forecast of additional 7,3 GW of new installed capacity per year.

Wind/Solar: Additional 26 GW until 2024;

Biomass: 7GW of new capacity in biomass projects to produce electricity by 2024.

Fossil: 10GW additional capacity;

Nuclear energy: Additional 1,4 GW (Angra 3);

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

En

erg

y S

cale

(G

Wh

-arb

itra

ry

scale

)

Months

Hydro based model

Stock (% of the monthly production)Hydro ProductionDemand

Demand covered by hydro

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

Hydro based model with drought

Stock (% of the monthly production)

Hydro Production

Demand

Demand covered by hydro Demand Covered by Hydro

Demand covered by thermal

Drought impactDemand covered by other

sources


What are Brazil thermal options to maintain low GHG emissions development ?

NUCLEAR

Uranium

12 gC02eq/kWh

GAS

Gas

490 gC02eq/kWh

OIL

Oil

733 gC02eq/kWh

COAL

Lignite

820 gC02eq/kWh

Cane Bagasse

BIO-

ENERGY

Tops and leaves

230 gC02eq/kWh


A complementary package for a CO2 free solution to meet Brazil engagements and development

Cane Bagasse

BIOMASS

Tops and leaves

NUCLEAR

Uranium

In this context Brazil should rely on nuclear energy and biomass energy

for it electricity demand in order to meet the challenges of the next

decades.

• Advantages of national fueled low carbon alternatives.

• Competitiveness: Unit Cost of Competitive Energy.

• Permanent operation (base load) due to permanent and low fuel costs.

• Low CO2 emissions (greenhouse effect, climate change)

• Technological Development - Job Creation "Noble" Quality and Industry.


Source2012

Capacity factor

2014

Capacity Factor

2014

Power Generation

Hydro

(PCH+CGH)56,25% 49%

408.963

GWh

Wind 30,57% 38%11.946

GWh

Thermal 36,94% 65%96.635

GWh

Nuclear 91,22% 88%14.140

GWh

Complementary sources (wind, biomass, solar) are sufficient to meet Brazil annual energy demand ?

Source: EPE – ONS - MME

It is important to distinguish installed based and the capacity factor when

analyzing the complementarity of energy sources - Reliability


Part of the response could be find from an environmental approach…

It is clear that nuclear energy compared to other thermal options has

the lowest environmental impact if not zero impact.


Another part of the response from an cost approach…

In this context, the energy produced by nuclear power stations would be

competitive and continuous on the long term, balancing the offer to the market.

Source: XERFI – Nuclear Groups – World 2016


Nuclear power contributes to low price of electricity

Affordable Prices


Nuclear fuel costs are stable and predictable, over 60 years

Low Dependence on Fuel Prices


Nuclear power capacity is available to cover baseload needs

Base Load Operation


Nuclear energy contributes to security of supply

Security of Supply


Nuclear power contributes positively to the countryeconomic growth and balance of trade

Fosters Industrial and Social Development


Nuclear power creates more local jobs than alternative energy choices

Fosters Industrial and Social Development


Nuclear brings high value at the country and local level…

A complete range of benefits for the

country Keys facts

A nuclear project in a country and in a

region has numerous benefits: Economic growth

Employment rise

Additional fiscal revenue

The high-technology know-how of

nuclear companies contributes to their

competitiveness in other

markets/businesses

Nuclear development includes also: Dynamic R&D

Strengthened specialized training

solutions development of related

infrastructures (road, railway, services)

Development of local services (schools,

sport equipment, accommodations)


Nuclear safety is driven by International Organizations, promoting the highest safety

standards


In addition, Brazil masters the nuclear cycle

Source: EPE, INB

6th highest resources in the world and only 30% of the territory has been prospected.

A national knowledge along the whole uranium value chain.

Coversion

INB

U235 enrichment

Brazilian Navy/ INB

Fiuel assembly

INB

Mining (Yellow cake)

INB

Reconversion

INB

Uranium pellets

INB

Electricity Generation

Eletronuclear

Angra 1, 2, 3


A portfolio of safe and high-performance Gen 3 reactors to better address utilities’ needs

Main

Technical Data

Thermal power

Net power

Thermal efficiency

Target design availability

Operation cycle length

Collective dose

Design service life

Number of loops

I&C

4,590 MWth

1,650 MWe

37%

92%

up to 24 months

<0.5 manSievert/yr

60 yrs

4

Full digital

3,150 MWth

1,100 MWe

37%

92%

up to 24 months

<0.5 manSievert/yr

60 yrs

3

Full digital

PWR PWR


AREVA Projects and Nuclear New builds Perspectives

The world continues to build Nuclear Plants – 66 NPPs Under Construction**4 EPR Reactor Units Under Construction.

Flamanville 3

Olkiluoto 3

Taishan 1&2

New Build under constructions


Generation IIIGeneration I Generation II

1950 1970 >2005

EPR~1,650 MWe

OL3 reactor, Finland

ATMEA1~1,100 MWe

MHI reactors

Evolutionary design integrating an unparalleled experience feedback from reference utilities

Proven technologies with excellent track record

Angra 2

KONVOI~1,300 MWe

N4~1,500 MWe

Both EPR and ATMEA1 reactors are proven and evolutionary technologies

Angra 3


Brazil and AREVA are working together for more then 40 years

• Provider of fuel cycle solutions

Support to mining,

Technical cooperation with INB on conversion services,

Design of Angra 2 fuel for the INB fuel fabrication plant and

technical support for the plant modernization,

• Construction of nuclear power plants

Angra 2: design, equipment supply, supervision,

commissioning and start-up operation,

Angra 3: equipment supply, engineering services, training,

assistance to supervision and commissioning,

• Provider of services for Angra 1 & 2 operating

reactors

Specialized engineering,

Maintenance expertise,

Outage services,

Angra nuclear power plant


Real life experience : Brazil

Renewing a long-standing partnership

for greater self-reliance

1975

Fleet program for

8 reactors

NUCLEP : Heavy

component

manufacturing plant

construction

Fuel Fabrication

Technology Transfer

Joint companies

created for technology

transfers

Brazil starts

producing

Uranium2004

AREVA along with

NUCLEP manufactures

2 replacement steam

generators for ANGRA 1

1975

ST

AR

T

1976 20011980 1982

AREVA Track Record in Technology Transfer and Localization worldwide

1988

INB created for Mining.

Yellow cake and Fuel

production


Together with Brazilian Small-Medium EnterprisesNuclear Suppliers Day – Feb. 2015

One day of presentations and meetings to present AREVA, ATMEA and

EDF qualification processes & business opportunities.


Supporting the Brazilian Nuclear programFrench Nuclear Pavillon at the INAC 2015

Presentation of France expertise and support to the Brazilian nuclear

program during the INAC 2015.


The importance of the Public Acceptanceand the education

MASTER CLASS ATMEA-UFRJ 23-26 de junio de 2015

MoU AREVA-COPPETEC19 de junio de 2015

In 2016

2 Brazilian students in

internship at AREVA and

ATMEA


Access to France’s experience in

stakeholder involvement and public

acceptance in nuclear

EDF and AREVA

nuclear sitesNuclear Power Plants under

constructionNuclear Power Plants in

operation

Advanced nuclear

research centers

Participation in the World

Nuclear Exhibition 2016

Competition that brought 100 students on the question of public acceptance in Brazil in partnership with the UFRJ, ABDAN, ABEN, FGV Energia and the SEEN student association.

The EDF-AREVA Public Acceptance Competition


EDF-AREVA Public Acceptance Competition

The students will travel to France in June 2016 to visit France’s nuclear

power plants, research centers, participate to the WNE 2016 and meet

with specialists.


Thank you !

Obrigado!

Contact

[email protected]

providing low-carbon electricity solutions to brazil …las-ans.org.br/pdf/andre salgado 2016 06...

Documents