protist energy: autotroph/ heterotroph locomotion: bacteria · difference between a ... sporozoites...
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http://www.kidsbiology.com/images/protist.jpg
Objectives: 1) Create a
chart that outlines the
difference between a
protist and a bacteria. 2)
Briefly explain the
endosymbiotic theory.
ProtistBacteriaType of Cell:
NucleusNo nucleusCellular Make-up:
Flagella and
Cillia
Bacteria
flagella
Locomotion:
Autotroph/
Heterotroph
Autotroph/
Heterotroph
Energy:
Most single-
celled
All single-
celled
Makeup:
Protist Ancestory: EndosymbioticTheory
*Protists came into existence from bacteria forming a symbiotic
relationship with other bacteria. More to the point, some bacteria “ate” other
bacteria, but instead of digesting them, the smaller bacteria performed
an important job inside the bigger bacteria.
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~1.5 billion years ago~1.5 billion years ago~1.5 billion years ago
Anaerobic bacteria:
~3.8 Billion years ago
Photosynthetic
bacteria:
~3.2 Billion years agoAerobic bacteria:
~2.5 Billion years ago
Appearance
on Earth
~1-10 microns ~1-10 microns ~50 - 500 microns~1-10 microns
Size
(approximate)
Found in the plasma
membrane around
chloroplast
Found in the plasma
membrane around
mitochondrion
Not found in the plasma
membranearound cell (found only in the
cell's mitochondria and
chloroplasts)
Found in the plasma
membrane around
cell
Electron
Transport
Chain
"70 S""70 S""80 S""70 S"Ribosomes
Binary Fission
(1 cell splits into 2)
Binary Fission
(1 cell splits into 2)Mitosis
Binary Fission
(1 cell splits into 2)Replication
1 single, circular
chromosome
1 single, circular
chromosome
Multiple linear chromosomes
compartmentalized in a nucleus
1 single, circular
chromosomeDNA
Chloroplasts of
Photosynthetic eukaryotes
Mitochondria of
Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotesProkaryotes
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Objectives: 1) Determine
methods of protist reproduction.
2) Draw and provide a 1
sentence description of the 4
types of protozoans.
Protist Means of Reproduction
1)Mitosis (asexual)2)Mainly mitosis, occasionally sexual reproductionunder times of stress.3) Sexual Reproduction
Animal-like Protists = Protozoans
*ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS ARE CALLED PROTOZOANS.
*ALL PROTOZOANS ARE UNICELLULAR AND HETEROTROPHIC.
MOVE AROUND BY USING:1) HAIR-LIKE CILIA2) WHIP-LIKE FLAGELLA3) BLOB LIKE EXTENSIONS CALLED PSEUDOPODI
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4 TYPES OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS
#1 AMOEBAS (Rhizopoda)* BLOB-LIKE PROTISTS
*MOVE BY CHANGING THE SHAPE OF THEIR CELL, FORMING PSEUDOPODIA.
*LIVE IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS.
* ENGULFS FOOD AND NUTRIENTS.
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•SOME AMOEBAS HAVE CALCIUM CARBONATE SHELLS (RADIOLARIANS AND FORAMINIFERANS).FORAM DEPOSITS ARE A GOOD INDICATOR OD OIL NEARBY.
•MOST TYPES OF AMOEBAS PROCREATE THROUGH ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION.
•IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION, A NEW AMOEBA BUDS OFF FROM A PARENT AMOEBA.
* SOME AMOEBAS CAN FORM A PROTECTIVE CAPSULE CALLED A CYST, WHEN CONDITIONS BECOME UNFAVORABLE.
* ONE CYST-FORMING SPECIES OF AMOEBA CAUSES DYNSENTERY (INTESTINAL ILLNESS).
#2 FLAGELLATES (ZOOMASTIGOPHORA)*HAVE 1 OR MORE FLAGELLA USED FOR MOVEMENT.
*SOME ARE HARMFUL AND PARASITIC WHILE OTHERS CAN BE BENEFICIAL.
EXAMPLE: A CERTAIN TYPE OF FLAGELLATE LIVES IN TERMITE GUTS AND ALLOWS THEM TO DIGEST WOOD.
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#3 CILIATES (Ciliophora)
*MOVE BY SYNCHRONOUS MOVEMENT OF
HAIRLIKE CILIA.
*FOUND IN AQUATIC HABITATS.
*USUALLY REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BUT WILL
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY WHEN EXPOSED TO
HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS.
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#4 SPOROZOANS
* PARASITIC AND CAN NOT MOVE.MANY OF SPOROZOANS RELEASE SPORES.SPORE: REPRODUCTIVE CELL
* EXAMPLE: THE SPOROZOAN PLASMODIUM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MALARIA.
* MALARIA KILLS 2-4 MILLION PEOPLE A YEAR IN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE TROPICAL CLIMATES.
Objective: Draw a
picture that simply
illustrates the life cycle of
a plasmodium.
1) A mosquito bites a human.
2) Mosquito injects saliva into the human.
The saliva contains chemicals that
prevent the blood from clotting.
3) As the saliva is injected, about 1,000
Plamodium protists are transferred into
the human host.
4) The plasmodium at this stage is called
the sporozoite.
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Invasion Liver
1) Sporozoites travel to and infect the liver.
2) Sporozoites rapidly divide, making millions of new protist cells called merozoites.
The Blood1)Merozoites infect the red blood
cells.
2) Within 48 hours, an infected red blood cell will burst open to release more merozoites as well as a toxin produced by the merozoites.
3) This causes high fever and chills.
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The Breeding
1)Some merozoites in the blood become gametes.
2) A mosquito comes to bite a human “drinks”the gametes.
3) Gametes fuse inside the mosquito to make a new infectious sporozoite zygote.
4) The sporozoite divides inside the mosquito.
5) The sporozoite travels to the salivary glands of the mosquito.