Protist and FungiProtist and FungiYou will be able to explain how protists You will be able to explain how protists and fungi are similar and different than and fungi are similar and different than other common microscopic organisms.other common microscopic organisms.

Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell)Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell)

Can Not See NucleusCan Not See Nucleus Much smaller than Much smaller than

Eukaryote cellsEukaryote cells No visible organellesNo visible organelles Contains DNA and Contains DNA and

RNARNA

Eukaryote Cells: Protists and FungiEukaryote Cells: Protists and Fungi

Much largerMuch larger Can See Nucleus (Brain Can See Nucleus (Brain

of Cell) and organellesof Cell) and organelles Complex cell can do Complex cell can do

more than Prokayotemore than Prokayote Has Specialized Has Specialized

Functions in multi-cellular Functions in multi-cellular organismsorganisms

Contains DNA and RNAContains DNA and RNA DNA mainly in nucleusDNA mainly in nucleus

Protist CharacteristicsProtist Characteristics Much larger than bacteria and Much larger than bacteria and

virusesviruses Animal-like though 1 makes its Animal-like though 1 makes its

food by photosynthesisfood by photosynthesis Made up of eukaryote cells—Made up of eukaryote cells—

You can see nucleus and You can see nucleus and organelles (unlike prokaryote organelles (unlike prokaryote bacteria)bacteria)

Most unicellular but some are Most unicellular but some are multi-cellular ( certain algae )multi-cellular ( certain algae )

Only found in moist Only found in moist environments (water)environments (water)

4 basic types of Protists4 basic types of Protists Reproduce using Fission Reproduce using Fission

(cloning/asexual) and Fussion (cloning/asexual) and Fussion (conjucation/sexual)(conjucation/sexual)

Amoeba

Nucleus

Nucleus

Psuedopodia

Protist 1: ParameciumProtist 1: Paramecium

Eukaryote- can see Eukaryote- can see nucleus and nucleus and organellesorganelles

Covered in ciliaCovered in cilia Found in WaterFound in Water Has 2 NucleusesHas 2 Nucleuses Feeds on other Feeds on other

protists (algae and protists (algae and Euglena)Euglena)

Macronucleus

Micronucleus

Contracting Vacuole

Protist 2: AmeobaProtist 2: Ameoba Eukaryote- can See Eukaryote- can See

organelles and Nucleusorganelles and Nucleus Move with PseudopodiaMove with Pseudopodia Found in bottom in the Found in bottom in the

sediment of most water sediment of most water systemssystems

Engulfs food by Engulfs food by surrounding itsurrounding it

Causes diseases such as Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain and rare form eats brain of humans!of humans!

Nucleus

Pseudopodia

Protist 3: Volvox and AlgaeProtist 3: Volvox and Algae

Eukaryote- can See Eukaryote- can See Nucleus and organellesNucleus and organelles

Green organelles called Green organelles called chloroplastschloroplasts

Autotrophic-makes own Autotrophic-makes own foodfood

Some live as colony Some live as colony (Volvox)(Volvox)

Some deadly release Some deadly release toxin known as the Red toxin known as the Red TideTide

Volvox (colony of algae cells)

Red Tide

Protist 4: EuglenaProtist 4: Euglena

Eukaryote- can see Eukaryote- can see Nucleus and organellesNucleus and organelles

Is both Plant and Animal; Is both Plant and Animal; makes and eats foodmakes and eats food

Found in waterFound in water Has long tail called Has long tail called

flagellumflagellum Has “eyespot” to detect Has “eyespot” to detect

light (Stigma)light (Stigma) Green color from Green color from

chloroplastschloroplasts

Protist or Protozoans: 4 Basic Protist or Protozoans: 4 Basic TraitsTraits

Most Animal likeMost Animal likeLack cell walls and most heterotrophicLack cell walls and most heterotrophicMove with cilia, pseudopodia (little feet) or Move with cilia, pseudopodia (little feet) or

flagellumflagellumFound mainly in waterFound mainly in waterCause Diseases such as Malaria and Cause Diseases such as Malaria and

DysenteryDysenteryMalaria videoMalaria video

AlgaeAlgae

Eukaryote organismsEukaryote organisms Not True PlantsNot True Plants Can be unicelled or Can be unicelled or

multicellularmulticellular Produce up to 60% of Produce up to 60% of

the world’s oxygen the world’s oxygen

Slime MoldsSlime Molds Slime moldSlime mold is a broad term is a broad term

describing describing fungusfungus-like -like organisms that use spores to organisms that use spores to reproducereproduce

Slime molds were formerly Slime molds were formerly classified as fungi, but are no classified as fungi, but are no longer considered part of this longer considered part of this kingdom.kingdom.

Their common name refers to Their common name refers to part of some of these part of some of these organisms' life cycles where organisms' life cycles where they can appear as gelatinous they can appear as gelatinous "slime"."slime".

Mold/Fungi CharacteristicsMold/Fungi Characteristics Eukaryotes – can see nucleus Eukaryotes – can see nucleus

and organellesand organelles

Have cell walls made of chitin Have cell walls made of chitin (insect skeleton material)(insect skeleton material)

Unable to make their own food Unable to make their own food so act as parasites: absorb so act as parasites: absorb food from other living/decaying food from other living/decaying thingsthings

use spores to reproduceuse spores to reproduce Like to grow in warm moist Like to grow in warm moist

areas: ARCH ENEMY of areas: ARCH ENEMY of BACTERIABACTERIA

Cell structureCell structure

Size is anywhere from tiny unicellular to Size is anywhere from tiny unicellular to large multicellularlarge multicellular

ReproductionReproduction

Lightweight spores Lightweight spores are surrounded by a are surrounded by a protective covering protective covering and can be carried and can be carried easily through the air easily through the air or water to new sitesor water to new sites

ExampleExample

MushroomsMushroomsAthletes footAthletes footMoldMold

Closing of MicrolifeClosing of Microlife

How do we protect How do we protect ourselves from these ourselves from these pathogens?pathogens?

VirusVirus BacteriaBacteria ProtistsProtists Mold/FungiMold/Fungi

What type of What type of medicines work medicines work against them?against them?

VaccinesVaccines AntibioticsAntibiotics Chlorine in waterChlorine in water Antifungal medicinesAntifungal medicines

What makes pathogens What makes pathogens dangerous?dangerous?

Fact One:Fact One:How easily it spreads from organism to How easily it spreads from organism to

organism (person to person)organism (person to person)Fact Two:Fact Two:How rapidly can the Pathogen reproduce How rapidly can the Pathogen reproduce

itselfitself

Preventing Spread of DiseasePreventing Spread of Disease

Active Immunity- your body is producing Active Immunity- your body is producing antibodies to fight it off. (Vaccine or prior antibodies to fight it off. (Vaccine or prior exposure)exposure)

Passive Immunity- you are injected with Passive Immunity- you are injected with antibodies from another organism to fight it antibodies from another organism to fight it off; allows time for your body to find and off; allows time for your body to find and make antibodies before you become illmake antibodies before you become ill

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

Biotechnology- use of living organisms to Biotechnology- use of living organisms to produce products for human use.produce products for human use.

Products can be such as genetically altered food Products can be such as genetically altered food such as milk, corn, and tomatoessuch as milk, corn, and tomatoes

Piggybacked viruses, using a harmless virus to Piggybacked viruses, using a harmless virus to produce capsid of a more harmful one. Idea is produce capsid of a more harmful one. Idea is that harmless virus will makes “protein coat” of that harmless virus will makes “protein coat” of harmful one so that your body could make harmful one so that your body could make antibodies for the “bad one”antibodies for the “bad one”