protein creation pathway place your keyboard aside. only use your mouse click on the nucleus to...
TRANSCRIPT
Protein Creation Pathway
Place your keyboard aside. Only use your mouse
click on the NUCLEUS to begin the tutorial
The Nucleus
The nucleus (flashing circle) is nicknamed the “control center” of a cell. But why? The nucleus contains DNA in its active form and this DNA will ultimately be used as a blueprint to create proteins for use throughout the body. The process of creating a protein begins in the nucleus.
Click the arrow to zoom inside and view a nucleus.
See the dark spot inside the nucleus? This is the nucleolus. Give it a click.
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The Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus. This organelle (tiny cell part) is responsible for creating thousands of ribosomes. Ribosomes play an important role in the creation of proteins as we will see later.
Click the Nucleolus to see an artists drawing.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
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The Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus. This organelle (tiny cell part) is responsible for creating thousands of ribosomes. Ribosomes play an important role in the creation of proteins as we will see later.
These organelles are 3-dimensional. But they often look flat when viewed through a microscope. To proceed, answer the question below.
What are the smaller units that proteins are made from called?
monosaccharide Fatty acid Nucleotide Amino acid
Monosaccharides makes complex
sugars Fatty acids make lipids
Nucleotides make nucleic acids
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Ribosomes
Correct! Amino acids make proteins.
By far, the ribosomes are the most numerous of all organelles. Remember, they are created by the nucleolus. After exiting the nucleus they themselves are responsible for the production of proteins within the cell. Because they are so small, they resemble tiny dots in this picture.
After they exit the nucleus, they are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Click HERE to see the ER and attached ribosomes.
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Ribosomes
By far, the ribosomes are the most numerous of all organelles. Remember, they are created by the nucleolus. After exiting the nucleus they themselves are responsible for the production of proteins within the cell. Because they are so small, they resembles tiny dots in this picture.
After they exit the nucleus, the ribosomes are often attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Let’s review. Which organelle creates the ribosomes?
nucleus nucleolus Rough ER
There is something else inside the nucleus
that makes the ribosomes
Ribosomes travel along the rough
ER. They are not created here.
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The Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumCorrect! The nucleolus makes
ribosomes.
Ribosomes are created by the nucleolus and then exit the nucleus. As they exit the nucleus, they begin to create proteins through a process called translation.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes.
Click to see the rough ER.
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The Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRibosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the nucleus. As they exit the nucleus, they begin to create proteins through a process called translation.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus.
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The Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRibosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the nucleus. As they exit the nucleus, they begin to create proteins through a process called translation.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus.
See the dots? Those are the ribosomes.
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The Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRibosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the nucleus. As they exit the nucleus, they begin to create proteins through a process called translation.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus.
See the dots? Those are the ribosomes.
back
The Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRibosomes are created by the
nucleolus and then exit the nucleus. As they exit the nucleus, they begin to create proteins through a process called translation.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes.
Since the ribosomes exit the nucleus and flow into the rough ER, the rough ER is attached to the outside of the nucleus.
We need to review before we go further.
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Let’s Review
Which step happens first? Click the correct sentence.
How can they exit if they
haven’t been created yet?
1st? -- The ribosomes exit the nucleus
1st? -- The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
1st? -- The nucleolus creates ribosomesHow can they make proteins if they haven’t been created
yet?Correct! Good
job!
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Click which happens next.
1st = The nucleolus creates ribosomes
2nd? -- The ribosomes exit the nucleus
2nd? -- The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
Correct!
How can they travel the ER if
they haven’t exited the
nucleus yet?
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Watch the animation. Then click the final step.
1st step: The nucleolus creates ribosomes
2nd step: The ribosomes exit the nucleus
3rd?? -- The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
Well it was the final choice. I
hope you got it correct.
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Remember, we are tracing the path of protein creation.
1st step: The nucleolus creates ribosomes
2nd step: The ribosomes exit the nucleus
3rd step: The ribosomes begin to make proteins as they travel along the rough ER.
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Protein FunctionsRemember, the ribosomes were
traveling along the rough ER while making proteins. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore many proteins need to be exported. That’s the job of the Golgi Body (named after Camillo Golgi). Click the arrow to see the Golgi Bodies.
The Golgi body receives the proteins that were created by the ribosomes. The Golgi body packages the protein inside a protective envelope called a vesicle.Doesn’t the Golgi body resemble a stack of pancakes?
Be patient after clicking the play button. Let the pictures cycle.
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Vesicles
Vesicles float away from the Golgi body with finished proteins inside. The proteins are released from the cell and are used throughout the body.
Let’s do some review. Use your worksheet to help you with the answers.
1) Which organelle creates ribosomes?
vesicle
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi body
Rough ER
Nucleolus
Vesicles move finished proteins
Ribosomes are made inside the
nucleus by something else
Ribosomes create themselves?
Golgi body packages proteins
Ribosomes travel along the rough ER, but aren’t
made here.
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Review #2
Correct! The nucleolus creates ribosomes.
Which organelle transports the ribosomes from the nucleus to the Golgi body?
vesicle
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi body
Rough ER
Nucleolus
Golgi body packages proteins
The nucleus holds DNA
The nucleolus makes ribosomes
Vesicles move finished proteins
Ribosomes make proteins
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Review #3
Correct! The rough ER transports the ribosomes .
Which organelle creates proteins?
vesicle
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi body
Rough ER
nucleolus
The Golgi body packages proteins
The nucleus holds DNA
The nucleolus makes ribosomes
Vesicles move finished proteins
The rough ER transports ribosomes
around the cell
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Review #4
Correct! Ribosomes make proteins.
Which organelle packages finalized proteins for shipment?
vesicle
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi body
Rough ER
Nucleolus
The ribosome makes proteins
The nucleus holds DNA
The nucleolus makes ribosomes
Vesicles move finished proteins
The rough ER transports ribosomes
around the cell
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Review #5
Correct! The Golgi body packages finalized proteins for shipment.
Which organelle protects a finished protein as it exits the cell?
vesicle
nucleus
ribosome
Golgi body
Rough ER
Nucleolus
The Golgi body packages proteins
The nucleus holds DNA
The nucleolus makes ribosomesRibosomes make
proteins
The rough ER transports ribosomes
around the cell
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Review #6
Correct! The vesicle protects a finished protein as it exits the cell
Now click on the nucleolus.
Try again. This is the rough ER..
Try again. This is the Golgi body.
Try again. This is the mitpchondria.
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Review #7
Correct! That was the nucleolus.
Now click on the Golgi body…remember pancakes?
Try again. This is the flagella..
Try again. This is the mitochondria.
Try again. This is the rough ER.
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Review #8
Correct! That was the Golgi body.
Now click on the rough ER.
Try again. This is the Nucleolus
Try again. This is the mitochondria.
Try again. This is the Golgi body.
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Review #9
Correct that was the rough ER!
Now click on the organelle that packages proteins for shipment outside of the cell.
Try again. The rough ER does not do this.
Try again. The nucleolus does not
do this.
Try again. The mitochondria does
not do this.
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Review #10
Correct! That was the Golgi body.
Now click on the organelle that creates ribosomes.
Try again. The mitochondria does
not do this.
Try again. The rough ER does not do this.
Try again. The Golgi body does not do
this.
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Correct! That was the nucleolus.
I hope this tutorial was helpful. This will be posted on my website for you to review at any time. Turn in your handout. Feel free to start over if you would like to do some review.
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