prostista ppt

7/17/2019 Prostista ppt

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Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista



If you look at a drop of pond waterIf you look at a drop of pond water

under a microscope, all the "littleunder a microscope, all the "little

creatures" you see swimming aroundcreatures" you see swimming aroundareare protists protists..



All protists have a nucleus and areAll protists have a nucleus and arethereforetherefore eukaryoticeukaryotic..

Protists are either plant-like, animal-like orProtists are either plant-like, animal-like orfungus-like.fungus-like.

http://vilenski.org/science/safari/classifyall/eukaryotic.html





Plant-like protists arePlant-like protists are autotrophsautotrophs ––

they contain chloroplasts and makethey contain chloroplasts and make

their own food.their own food.

Animal-like and fungus-like protistsAnimal-like and fungus-like protists

and areand are heterotrophsheterotrophs..



ProtooansProtooans are animal-like protistsare animal-like protists

!!heterotrophsheterotrophs grouped according togrouped according tohow they move.how they move.

#he word #he word protooaprotooa means "littlemeans "littleanimal." #hey are so named $ecauseanimal." #hey are so named $ecause

many species $ehave like tinymany species $ehave like tiny

animals%speci&cally, they hunt andanimals%speci&cally, they hunt andgather other micro$es as food.gather other micro$es as food.



All protooa digest their food inAll protooa digest their food in

stomach-like compartments calledstomach-like compartments called

vacuoles 'vacuoles 'vac-you-ohlsvac-you-ohls((.. As theyAs theychow down, they make and give o)chow down, they make and give o)

nitrogen, which is an element thatnitrogen, which is an element that

plants and other higher creatures canplants and other higher creatures can

use.use.

Protooa range in sie from *+, toProtooa range in sie from *+, to

*+ of an inch ! to m in*+ of an inch ! to m indiameter. #hey can $e classi&ed intodiameter. #hey can $e classi&ed into

three general groups $ased on how theythree general groups $ased on how they

move.move.



#he &rst group is the phylum #he &rst group is the phylum /hiopoda/hiopoda. #hese. #hese

areare amoe$aeamoe$ae ''ah-me-beeah-me-bee(, which can $e(, which can $e

su$divided into the testate amoe$ae, whichsu$divided into the testate amoe$ae, which

have a shell-like covering, and the nakedhave a shell-like covering, and the nakedamoe$ae, which don0t have this covering.amoe$ae, which don0t have this covering.

Amoe$ae ooe along $y means ofAmoe$ae ooe along $y means of pseudopodiapseudopodia !false feet engul&ng food as they go.!false feet engul&ng food as they go.



Amoe$ae live in water or moistAmoe$ae live in water or moist

places.places.

#hey have a cell mem$rane $ut #hey have a cell mem$rane $ut

no cell wall.no cell wall.



#he second group is the #he second group is the 1lagellates1lagellates ''fah-geh-letsfah-geh-lets(, of the phylum(, of the phylum

2oomastigina2oomastigina. 1lagellates are generally. 1lagellates are generally

the smallest of the protooa and havethe smallest of the protooa and haveone or several long, whip-like pro3ectionsone or several long, whip-like pro3ections

called 4agella poking out of their cells.called 4agella poking out of their cells.

1lagellates use their 4agella to move.1lagellates use their 4agella to move.

It is a 4agellate in the intestines ofIt is a 4agellate in the intestines of

termites which ena$le them to eat wood.termites which ena$le them to eat wood.5oth organisms $ene&t6..what kind of5oth organisms $ene&t6..what kind of

relationship do they have7relationship do they have7



8iardia8iardia



#he third group of #he third group of protooansprotooans are theare theciliatesciliates from the phylumfrom the phylum 9iliophora9iliophora. #hese. #heseare generally the largest protooa.are generally the largest protooa.

#hey are covered with hair-like pro3ections #hey are covered with hair-like pro3ectionscalledcalled ciliacilia and they eat the other twoand they eat the other twotypes of protooa as well as $acteriatypes of protooa as well as $acteria..

9iliates are found in every a:uatic ha$itat.9iliates are found in every a:uatic ha$itat.



#he last of the Protooans come from #he last of the Protooans come from

the phylum,the phylum, ;porooa;porooa..

#hese are parasitic and nonmotile. #hese are parasitic and nonmotile.

1or e<ample661or e<ample66



#here are three #here are three unicellularunicellular phyla ofphyla of

algae?algae?

PhylumPhylum =uglenophyta=uglenophyta

PhylumPhylum 5acillariophyta5acillariophyta

PhylumPhylum @ino4agellata@ino4agellata



em$ers of &rst phylum of algae,em$ers of &rst phylum of algae,

=uglenophyta=uglenophyta,, are $othare $oth plant-likeplant-like

andand animal-likeanimal-like..

=uglena are=uglena are autotrophsautotrophs since theysince they

make food from sunlight andmake food from sunlight and

BeterotrophsBeterotrophs since they ingest foodsince they ingest food

from surrounding water.from surrounding water.



#he second unicellular algae, #he second unicellular algae,

5acillariophyta5acillariophyta, are photosynthetic, are photosynthetic

autotrophs.autotrophs.

#hey have shells of silica. #hey have shells of silica.

#hey make up a large portion of the #hey make up a large portion of the

world>s phytoplankton which isworld>s phytoplankton which is

=arth>s largest provider of o<ygen.=arth>s largest provider of o<ygen.



DIATOMS



#he third unicellular algae, #he third unicellular algae,

@ino4agellata@ino4agellata, are a ma3or, are a ma3orcomponent of marine phytoplankton.component of marine phytoplankton.

#hese algae have at least two #hese algae have at least two4agella set at right angles to each4agella set at right angles to eachother and thick cell walls made ofother and thick cell walls made ofcellulose plates.cellulose plates.

5looms of dino4agellates cause C5looms of dino4agellates cause C/ed/ed #ide #ide.D.D



ulticellularulticellular algae are classi&ed $yalgae are classi&ed $y

color.color.



/hodophyta/hodophyta are red seaweeds.are red seaweeds.

#hey are found in warm or cold #hey are found in warm or cold

marine environments along coastmarine environments along coast

lines in deeper water.lines in deeper water.

#hey a$sor$ green, violet, and $lue #hey a$sor$ green, violet, and $lue

light waves. #hese light waves arelight waves. #hese light waves are

a$le to penetrate $elow * meters.a$le to penetrate $elow * meters.



Phylum PhaeophytaPhylum Phaeophyta is made up of theis made up of the $rown algae$rown algae



Phylum PhaeophytaPhylum Phaeophyta is made up of theis made up of the $rown algae$rown algae..

#hey are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts. #hey are found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts.

8iant Kelp are the largest and most comple< $rown8iant Kelp are the largest and most comple< $rownalgae. #hey have hold fasts and air $ladders.algae. #hey have hold fasts and air $ladders.



#he last of the multicellular algae are the #he last of the multicellular algae are the

green algae from thegreen algae from the Phylum chlorophytaPhylum chlorophyta..

ost green algae are found in fresh waterost green algae are found in fresh water

ha$itats.ha$itats.



A Volvox is a hollow $all composed ofhundreds of 4agellated cells in a single



9hlamydomonas are actually unicellularand 4a ellated.



1ungus-like protists,1ungus-like protists, y<omycotay<omycota andandEomycotaEomycota are decomposers.are decomposers.

PhylumPhylum y<omycotay<omycota are made up ofare made up ofplasmodial slime molds.plasmodial slime molds.

PhylumPhylum EomycotaEomycota is made up ofis made up ofwater molds and downy molds.water molds and downy molds.



Slime MoldsSlime Molds

;lime molds have traits like $oth fungi and;lime molds have traits like $oth fungi andanimals. @uring good times, they live asanimals. @uring good times, they live as

independent, amoe$a-like cells, dining onindependent, amoe$a-like cells, dining onfungi and $acteria. 5ut if conditionsfungi and $acteria. 5ut if conditions$ecome uncomforta$le%not enough food$ecome uncomforta$le%not enough foodavaila$le, the temperature isn0t right, etc.%availa$le, the temperature isn0t right, etc.%

individual cells $egin gathering together toindividual cells $egin gathering together toform a single structure. #he new communalform a single structure. #he new communalstructure produces a slimy covering and isstructure produces a slimy covering and iscalled a slug $ecause it so closelycalled a slug $ecause it so closely

resem$les the animal you sometimes seeresem$les the animal you sometimes seegliding across sidewalks. #he slug ooesgliding across sidewalks. #he slug ooestoward light. Fhen the communal cellstoward light. Fhen the communal cellssense that they0ve come across more foodsense that they0ve come across more foodor $etter conditions, the slug stopsor $etter conditions, the slug stops



http://dictybase.org/pnd/weijer3.avi

http://dictybase.org/pnd/weijer2.avi



Fater molds from the PhylumFater molds from the Phylum

Eomycota are classi&ed as protistsEomycota are classi&ed as protists

$ecause they have 4agellated$ecause they have 4agellatedreproductive cells.reproductive cells.

@owny mildews parasitie plants and@owny mildews parasitie plants andare decomposers in freshwaterare decomposers in freshwater

ecosystems.ecosystems.

prostista ppt

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