Properties of Acids and

Bases

Taught By: Travis Bishop, Sam List and Destiny Miller

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Acids• Acids are compounds that produces

hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water.

BasesBases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases fell soapy and slippery.

An example of an acid is when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water and forms hydronium ions and chloride ions.

HCl + H2O H3O + Cl –

An example of a base is when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water and it dissociates into sodium ions and hydroxide ions.

NaOH Na+ + OH-

Some common acids are vinegar, carbonated beverages, fertilizer production, digestive juices in your stomach, and car batteries.

Some examples of bases are deodorant, antacids, concrete, plaster, laxatives, antacids, drain cleaner, and in soap production.

Types of AcidsMonoprotic: a solution that produces one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid HCl, HNO3.Diprotic: a solution that produces two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid H2SO4.Triprotic: a solution that produces three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid H3PO4.

Polyprotic: two or more H+ ions per mole of acid

Polyprotic acids can be partially neutralized

Strengths of Acids

Acids that are essentially 100% ionized inaqueous solutions.Ex: HCl, HNO3, HClO4

They produce the maximum concentration of H+(acid)=(H+)

Weak Acids• Acids that a partially ionized (usually less

than 5%) in equilibrium.• HF + H2O(1) H3O+(aq)+F-(aq)• The forward and reverse reaction are

occurring simultaneously most found as HF.

Strong BasesThose compounds that completely ionize in water produce OH- ions. NaHO(s) Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)Concentration of base = concentration of hydroxide ions.

Weak BasesNH3(aq)+H2O(1) NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)Equilibrium lies far to the left (mostly reactants present).

pH Scale

Another way of writing concentrations and is used to measure the acidity.

A way of measuring the strengths of acids and bases.