Download - Properties of Acids and Bases
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Properties of Acids and
Bases
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Taught By: Travis Bishop, Sam List and Destiny Miller
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Acids• Acids are compounds that produces
hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water.
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BasesBases are compounds that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Bases fell soapy and slippery.
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An example of an acid is when hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water and forms hydronium ions and chloride ions.
HCl + H2O H3O + Cl –
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An example of a base is when sodium hydroxide dissolves in water and it dissociates into sodium ions and hydroxide ions.
NaOH Na+ + OH-
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Some common acids are vinegar, carbonated beverages, fertilizer production, digestive juices in your stomach, and car batteries.
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Some examples of bases are deodorant, antacids, concrete, plaster, laxatives, antacids, drain cleaner, and in soap production.
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Types of AcidsMonoprotic: a solution that produces one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid HCl, HNO3.Diprotic: a solution that produces two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid H2SO4.Triprotic: a solution that produces three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid H3PO4.
Polyprotic: two or more H+ ions per mole of acid
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Polyprotic acids can be partially neutralized
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Strengths of Acids
Acids that are essentially 100% ionized inaqueous solutions.Ex: HCl, HNO3, HClO4
They produce the maximum concentration of H+(acid)=(H+)
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Weak Acids• Acids that a partially ionized (usually less
than 5%) in equilibrium.• HF + H2O(1) H3O+(aq)+F-(aq)• The forward and reverse reaction are
occurring simultaneously most found as HF.
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Strong BasesThose compounds that completely ionize in water produce OH- ions. NaHO(s) Na+(aq)+OH-(aq)Concentration of base = concentration of hydroxide ions.
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Weak BasesNH3(aq)+H2O(1) NH4+(aq)+OH-(aq)Equilibrium lies far to the left (mostly reactants present).
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pH Scale
Another way of writing concentrations and is used to measure the acidity.
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A way of measuring the strengths of acids and bases.