Prof. Rodrigo Pelegrini HonoratoCACS – FAFICH/UFMG

1 India 2 The United States 3 Pakistan 4 Nigeria 5 Philippines 6 The United Kingdom 7 South Africa 8 Sudan 9 Kenya 10 Canada 11 Uganda 12 Ghana 13 Australia 14 Madagascar 15 Cameroon 16 Zimbabwe 17 Malawi 18 Zambia 19 Rwanda 20 Sierra Leone 21 Papua New Guinea 22 Singapore 23 Republic of Ireland 24 New Zealand 25 Liberia 26 Jamaica

27 Namibia 28 Lesotho 29 Botswana 30 The Gambia 31 Mauritius 32 Swaziland 33 Trinidad and Tobago 34 Fiji 35 Guyana 36 Solomon Islands 37 Malta 38 The Bahamas 39 Belize 40 Barbados 41 Vanuatu 42 Saint Lucia 43 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 44 Micronesia 45 Kiribati 46 Grenada 47 Seychelles 48 Dominica 49 Antigua and Barbuda 50 Marshall Islands 51 Saint Kitts and Nevis 52 Palau 53 Nauru

American English African American Vernacular English (Ebonics) Australian English British English Cockney (London) Irish English (Irish Brogue) Jamaican English (Patois) NYC English Philippino English Southern American English Welsh English

1. Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word. If one is said to have "correct pronunciation", then it refers to both within a particular dialect.

2. The act or manner of pronouncing words; utterance of speech.

3. A way of speaking a word, especially a way that is accepted or generally understood.

4. A graphic representation of the way a word is spoken, using phonetic symbols.

1. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) the act, instance, or manner of pronouncing sounds.

2. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) the supposedly correct manner of pronouncing sounds in a given language.

3. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) a phonetic transcription of a word.

A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which exists: Cockney, Patois, AAVE etc.

is a system for encoding information.

language n. Communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, pictures or written symbols.

Beach/Bitch Sheet/Shit Think/Sink/Fink (to inform against another

person) Thank/Sank/Fánk(is a sweet traditional Hungarian

cake) How/Hoe (short for whore) Fork/Fuck Can’t/ Cunt Pusy/ Pussy Rock & Roll/ Hawk & Hoe

What does it mean?

What is the Lengua Franca spoken throughout the world nowadays?

What is the main purpose of having a Lengua Franca ?

Business English is the variety especially related to

international trade. It is a part of English for specific purposes and can be considered a specialism within English language;

Language for business situations;

English in business usage, especially the styles and forms of business correspondence;

Useful language for getting a job;

Business English is a form of international English.

Nowadays, there are more people interacting in English as a second/foreign language than as first language. This fact ,and the changes the language has been going through, has led the teaching of English as a foreign language to acquire a new status which is the teaching of English as an international language.

Keys (2000) suggests that we should change the criterion of acceptability from one of native-speaker-like competence to that of intelligible and acceptable performance.

The Companies expect their staff/ employees to communicate effectively and efficiently and we, linguists, understand acceptable and intelligible as well as acceptable pronunciation as the necessary conditions for speakers to put their message across and communicate their thoughts.

“sh” – National, Ocean, Chicago, Mission, Wash, Ship, Shoes…

“ch” – Choke, Watch, Chip, Choose, Choice, Branch, French…

“th” – Demonstrative Pronouns (This, That, These, and Those), nothing, Thin, Ordinal numbers (Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth…)

“r” – Rate, Read, Rot, Roller, Rhonda, Real, Red…

“h”- Hate, Heed, Hot, Holler, Honda, Heal, Head…

Australian who went to New York City. {/ai/ and /ei/}

German in charge of the ship dispatcher. /Ɵ/ and /s/

Texan who drove up North and got pulled over. /ai’di/ and /ai’dia/

Japanese man in charge of the supplies. /l/ and /r/

Intonation, the rises and falls in tone that make the 'tune' of an utterance, is an important aspect of the pronunciation of English, oftentimes making a difference to meaning or implication. Stress, for example, is most commonly indicated not by increased volume but by a slight rise in intonation (Brazil, Coulthard and Johns, 1980). A native speaker usually has little difficulty in hearing intonation changes in his or her own language whereas others, however, may not find it so easy.

◦ Record yourselves on a tape. After a week or so listen to it and check if you can understand it and then, play your tape to a fluent speaker of the chosen language. Check if he/she can understand it;

◦ Look in a mirror to check that your lips, tongue and

jaw are in the right position for each phoneme.

◦ Talk in class as much as they can - monitor and guide them.

It is important to be said at the outset that the aim of pronunciation improvement is not to achieve a perfect imitation of a native accent, but simply to get the learner to pronounce accurately enough to be easily and comfortably comprehensible to other speakers.

IF COMMUNICATION IS CARRIED OUT, YOU HAVE ACHIEVED THE

GOAL THE WORLD NEEDS.

CELCE-MURCIA. Briton & Goodwin. Teaching Pronunciation; A reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

KEYS, Kevin. Making the right noises: pronunciation and teacher training in Brazil. Speak Out Pronunciation SIG Issue 24. p. 40-44, 1999.

KEYS, Kevin. Teaching Pronunciation for English as an International Language. Speak Out Pronunciation SIG Issue 25. p. 38-43, 2000.

UR, Penny. A Course in Language Teaching. CUP, 1996.

Keep it Throwed!

“The limits of my language mean the limits of my world.”* Ludwig Wittgestein